2017-05-09 12:07:34 +08:00
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# 精通Omi框架这篇足够(持续更新..)
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2017-05-09 16:18:35 +08:00
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* [简介](#简介)
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* [安装Omi](#安装omi)
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* [Hello Omi](#hello-omi)
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* [组件](#组件)
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* [组件通讯](#组件通讯)
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* [通讯概览](#通讯概览)
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2017-05-09 12:50:55 +08:00
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## 简介
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2017-05-09 12:53:12 +08:00
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[Omi框架](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/omi)目前最新版本为1.6.1,提供了渐进增强式的Web开发解决方案,内置完善的支持无限声明式嵌套的组件系统。概括起来包含下面优点和特性:
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2017-05-09 12:07:34 +08:00
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* 良好的兼容性 - 兼容IE8及IE8以上版本
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* 超小的尺寸 - 7 kb (gzip) 虽然文件尺寸小
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* 面向未来的架构体系 - 未来DOM很快,而且越来来快! 其实现在DOM已经足够快了:)
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* ES6+ 和 ES5都可以 - Omi提供了ES6+和ES5的两种开发方案。你可以自有选择你喜爱的方式
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* 局部CSS - HTML+ Scoped CSS + JS组成可复用的组件。不用担心组件的CSS会污染组件外的,Omi会帮你处理好一切
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* 模板或指令系统可替换 - 默认使用soda指令系统,开发者可以重写Omi.template方法来使用任意模板引擎或者指令引擎
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* 完全面向对象 - 函数式和面向对象各有优劣,Omi使用完全的面向对象的方式来构建Web程序。而且支持使用TypeScript来编写Omi程序
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* 更自由的更新 - 每个组件都有update和updateSelf方法,自由选择你认为最佳的更新时机和最佳的更新方式。updateSelf不会更新子组件
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![](http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/105416/201703/105416-20170329100339311-2102628084.png)
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![](http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/105416/201703/105416-20170329100346326-1473759472.png)
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* 完善丰富的插件和灵活的插件体系
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* [omi-router](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/omi/tree/master/plugins/omi-router) : Omi专属的官方Router插件.
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* [omi-finger](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/omi/tree/master/plugins/omi-finger) Omi的[AlloyFinger](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/AlloyFinger)插件,支持各种触摸事件和手势
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* [omi-transform](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/omi/tree/master/plugins/omi-transform) Omi的[transformjs](https://alloyteam.github.io/AlloyTouch/transformjs/)插件,快速方便地设置DOM的CSS3 Transform属性
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* [omi-touch](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/omi/tree/master/plugins/omi-touch) Omi的[AlloyTouch](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/AlloyTouch)插件,Omi项目的触摸运动解决方案(支持触摸滚动、旋转、翻页、选择等等)
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* [omi-jquery-date-picker](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/omi/tree/master/plugins/omi-jquery-date-picker) Omi的时间选择插件,支持各种时间或者时间区域选择
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## 安装Omi
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2017-05-09 12:09:55 +08:00
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``` bash
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2017-05-09 12:07:34 +08:00
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npm install omi
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```
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你也可以通过cdn获取omi,并在HTML里声明script变迁:
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2017-05-09 12:09:55 +08:00
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``` html
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2017-05-09 12:07:34 +08:00
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<script src="https://unpkg.com/omi@1.6.0/dist/omi.min.js"></script>
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```
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## Hello Omi
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2017-05-09 12:09:55 +08:00
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```js
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2017-05-09 12:07:34 +08:00
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import Omi from 'omi';
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class Hello extends Omi.Component {
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style () {
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return `
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h1{
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cursor:pointer;
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}`
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}
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handleClick(evt){
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alert(evt.target.innerHTML)
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}
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<h1 onclick="handleClick">Hello ,{{name}}!</h1>
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</div>`
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}
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}
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Omi.tag('hello', Hello)
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class App extends Omi.Component {
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<hello data-name="Omi"></hello>
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</div>`
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}
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}
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Omi.render(new App(),"#container")
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```
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* 组件继承自`Omi.Component`,
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* `render`返回的是组件HTML片段,一般带有指令或者模板语法
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* `style`返回的是组件的CSS,是局部的,不会污染组件以外的
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* 通过`Omi.tag('hello', Hello)`把组件变成可声明在其他组件中的标签,即:`<hello></hello> `
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* 通过`data-name="Omi"`把传递给子组件hello,子组件直接在render里可以使用{{name}}来使用传递来的数据
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* 通过`onclick="handleClick"`给HTML元素绑定事件,在handleClick回调中可以拿到event对象,即:`handleClick(evt){ }`
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你也可以使用ES5的方式进行开发:
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```js
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var Hello = Omi.create("hello", {
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style: function () {
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return "h1{ cursor:pointer }"
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},
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handleClick: function (evt) {
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alert(evt.target.innerHTML)
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},
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render: function () {
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return ' <div>\
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<h1 onclick="handleClick">\
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Hello ,{{name}}!\
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</h1>\
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</div>'
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}
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});
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var App = Omi.create("App", {
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render: function () {
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return '<div>\
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<hello data-name="Omi"></hello>\
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</div>'
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}
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});
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Omi.render(new App(),'#container')
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```
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## 组件
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[Omi框架](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/omi)完全基于组件体系设计,我们希望开发者可以像搭积木一样制作Web程序,一切皆是组件,组件也可以嵌套子组件形成新的组件,新的组件又可以当作子组件嵌套至任意组件形成新的组件...
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![](http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/105416/201702/105416-20170210093427338-1536910080.png)
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上面的Hello Omi的例子已经说明了组件大概,这里再使用Todo的例子来讲解Omi组件体系的使用。
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先定义一个List组件用来展示列表:
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```js
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class List extends Omi.Component {
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render () {
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return `<ul>
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<li o-repeat="item in items">{{item.text}}</li>
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</ul>`;
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}
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}
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```
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* 使用`o-repeat="item in items"`来遍历传入的items,当然也可以拿到item的索引,通过`{{$index}}`就可以:
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```js
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<li o-repeat="item in items">{{$index}} - {{item}}</li>
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2017-05-09 12:09:55 +08:00
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```
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2017-05-09 12:07:34 +08:00
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怎么使用这个List?我们需要使用`Omi.tag`把List制作成可以声明式的标签,在render方法中就能直接使用该标签。如下所示:
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```js
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import List from './list.js';
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Omi.tag('list', List);
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class Todo extends Omi.Component {
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constructor(data) {
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super(data)
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}
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add (evt) {
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evt.preventDefault();
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this.data.items.push({text: this.data.text})
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this.data.text = ''
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this.update()
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}
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style () {
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return `
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h3 { color:red; }
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button{ color:green;}
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`;
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}
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handleChange(target){
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this.data.text = target.value;
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}
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render () {
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return `<div>
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<h3>TODO</h3>
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<list ::data-items="data.items" ></list>
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<form onsubmit="add(event)" >
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<input type="text" onchange="handleChange(this)" value="{{text}}" />
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<button>Add #${this.data.items.length}</button>
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</form>
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</div>`;
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}
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}
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Omi.render(new Todo({ items: [] ,text : '' }),"body");
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```
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注意看上面的这行代码`<list ::data-items="data.items" ></list>`。这样就把父组件的data.items传递给了子组件的data.items。这里解释下没有冒号,一个冒号和两个冒号:
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* `data-*` 代表直接传递字符串
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* `:data-*` 代表传递javascript表达式,比如`data-num="1"` 代表传递数字1而非字符串,`data-num="1+1"`可以传递2。
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* `::data-*` 代表传递父组件的属性,比如上面的`::data-items="data.items"`就代表传递`this.data.items`给子组件
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多个中划线会形成驼峰在子组件中访问。比如 `data-page-index` 在子组件中使用 `this.data.pageIndex` 访问。
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这里需要特别强调的是,为了更加的自由和灵活度。Omi没有内置数据变更的自动更新,需要开发者自己调用update方法。
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关于Omi组件通讯其实有4种方案,这个后续教程会专门来讲。
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<a href="http://alloyteam.github.io/omi/website/redirect.html?type=todo_nest" target="_blank">点击这里→在线试试</a>
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2017-05-09 12:09:55 +08:00
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2017-05-09 13:16:24 +08:00
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## 组件通讯
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2017-05-09 16:18:35 +08:00
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### 通讯概览
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2017-05-09 13:16:24 +08:00
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![](http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/105416/201705/105416-20170509130200394-716974903.jpg)
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这一节主要是解释上面这张图。
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[Omi框架](https://github.com/AlloyTeam/omi)组建间的通讯非常便利灵活,足够满足业务场景需要。因为有许多可选方案进行通讯:
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2017-05-09 16:36:32 +08:00
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* `on-*` 代表传递父组件向子组件注入的回调函数,比`on-page-change="pageChangeHandler"`
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2017-05-09 13:16:24 +08:00
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* `data-*` 代表直接传递字符串
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* `:data-*` 代表传递javascript表达式,比如`data-num="1"` 代表传递数字1而非字符串,`data-num="1+1"`可以传递2。
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* `::data-*` 代表传递父组件的属性,比如上面的`::data-items="data.items"`就代表传递`this.data.items`给子组件
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* `data` 代表传递父组件的属性,比如`data="user"`代表传递`this.user`给子组件
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* `:data` 代表传递javascript表达式,比如`data="{ name : 'dntzhang' , age : 18 }"`代表传递`{ name : 'dntzhang' , age : 18 }`给子组件
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* `group-data` 代表传递父组件的数组一一映射到子组件
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2017-05-09 16:36:32 +08:00
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### on-*传递回调函数
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2017-05-09 13:16:24 +08:00
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### data-*通讯
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```js {36}
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class Hello extends Omi.Component {
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constructor(data) {
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super(data);
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}
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<h1 onclick="handleClick(this, event)">Hello ,{{name}}!</h1>
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</div>
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`;
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}
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}
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Omi.tag('hello', Hello);
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class App extends Omi.Component {
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<hello data-name="Omi" ></hello>
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</div>
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`;
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}
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}
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Omi.render(new App(),"#container");
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```
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一般data-*用来传递值类型,如string、number。值得注意的是,通过data-*接收到的数据类型都是string,需要自行转成number类型,或者使用`:data-*`来传递number。
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### data通讯
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如上面代码所示,通过 data-name="Omi"可以把name传递给子组件。下面的代码也可以达到同样的效果。
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```js {4,10}
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...
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class App extends Omi.Component {
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constructor(data) {
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super(data);
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this.helloData = { name : 'Omi' };
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}
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<hello data="helloData" ></hello>
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</div>
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`;
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}
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}
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Omi.render(new App(),"#container");
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```
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使用data声明,会去组件的instance(也就是this)下找对应的属性,this下可以挂载任意复杂的对象。所以这也就突破了data-*的局限性。
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如果instance下面的某个属性下面的某个属性下面的某个数组的第一个元素的某个属性要作为data传递Hello怎么办?
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没关系,data声明是支持复杂类型的,使用方式如下:
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```js
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...
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class App extends Omi.Component {
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constructor(data) {
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super(data);
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this.complexData ={
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a:{
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b:{
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c:[
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{
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e:[{
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name:'ComplexData Support1'
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},{
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name:'ComplexData Support2'
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}]
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},
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{
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name: 'ComplexData Support3'
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}
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]
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}
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}
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};
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}
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<hello data="complexData.a.b.c[1]" ></hello>
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</div>
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`;
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}
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}
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...
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```
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<a href="http://alloyteam.github.io/omi/website/redirect.html?type=data_complex" target="_blank">点击这里→data映射复杂数据</a>
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### group-data通讯
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group-data专门是为了给一组组件批量传递data而设计。
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```js
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import Hello from './hello.js';
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Omi.makeHTML('Hello', Hello);
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class App extends Omi.Component {
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constructor(data) {
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super(data);
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this.testData = [{name: 'Omi'}, {name: 'dntzhang'}, {name: 'AlloyTeam'}];
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}
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<hello group-data="testData" ></hello>
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<hello group-data="testData" ></hello>
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<hello group-data="testData" ></hello>
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</div>
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`;
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}
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}
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Omi.render(new App(),"#container");
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```
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只需要在声明的子组件上标记group-data,就会去当前组件的instance(也就是this)下面找对应的属性,然后根据当前的位置,和对应数组的位置会一一对应起来。
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运行结果如下:
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![](http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/105416/201702/105416-20170216110701535-1698390390.png)
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<a href="http://alloyteam.github.io/omi/website/redirect.html?type=group_data" target="_blank">点击这里→group-data</a>
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同样group-data支持复杂数据类型的映射,需要注意的是,group-data映射的终点必须是一个数组:
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```js
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import Hello from './hello.js';
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Omi.tag('hello', Hello);
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class App extends Omi.Component {
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constructor(data) {
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super(data);
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this.complexData ={
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a:{
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b:{
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c:[
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{
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e:[{
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name:'ComplexData Support1'
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},{
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name:'ComplexData Support2'
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}]
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},
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{
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name: 'ComplexData Support3'
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}
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]
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}
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}
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};
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}
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<hello group-data="complexData.a.b.c[0].e" ></hello>
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<hello group-data="complexData.a.b.c[0].e" ></hello>
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</div>
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`;
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}
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}
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Omi.render(new App(),"#container");
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```
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<a href="http://alloyteam.github.io/omi/website/redirect.html?type=group_data_complex" target="_blank">点击这里→group-data映射复杂数据</a>
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### 通过对象实例
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```js {7}
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...
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class App extends Omi.Component {
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constructor(data) {
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super(data);
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}
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installed(){
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this.hello.data.name = "Omi";
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this.update()
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}
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<hello name="hello" ></hello>
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</div>
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`;
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}
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}
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Omi.render(new App(),"#container");
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```
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### 通过omi-id
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```js {7,14}
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...
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class App extends Omi.Component {
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constructor(data) {
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super(data);
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}
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installed(){
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Omi.get("hello").data.name = "Omi";
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this.update()
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}
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render() {
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return `
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<div>
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<hello omi-id="hello" ></hello>
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</div>
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`;
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}
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}
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Omi.render(new App(),"#container");
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```
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通过在组件上声明omi-id,在程序任何地方拿到该对象的实例。
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### 组件通讯实战
|
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```js
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render () {
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return `<div>
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<h1>Pagination Example</h1>
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<content name="content" ></content>
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<pagination
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name="pagination"
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:data-total="100"
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:data-page-size="10"
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:data-num-edge="1"
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:data-num-display="4"
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on-page-change="handlePageChange" ></pagination>
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</div>`;
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}
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```
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2017-05-09 12:09:55 +08:00
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未完待续...
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