FedP2P/torrent.go

package torrent

import (
	"bytes"
	"container/heap"
	"context"
	"crypto/sha1"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/url"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"text/tabwriter"
	"time"
	"unsafe"

	"github.com/RoaringBitmap/roaring"
	"github.com/anacrolix/chansync"
	"github.com/anacrolix/chansync/events"
	"github.com/anacrolix/dht/v2"
	"github.com/anacrolix/log"
	"github.com/anacrolix/missinggo/perf"
	"github.com/anacrolix/missinggo/pubsub"
	"github.com/anacrolix/missinggo/slices"
	"github.com/anacrolix/missinggo/v2"
	"github.com/anacrolix/missinggo/v2/bitmap"
	"github.com/anacrolix/multiless"
	"github.com/anacrolix/sync"
	request_strategy "github.com/anacrolix/torrent/request-strategy"
	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
	"github.com/pion/datachannel"

	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent/bencode"
	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent/common"
	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent/metainfo"
	pp "github.com/anacrolix/torrent/peer_protocol"
	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent/segments"
	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent/storage"
	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent/tracker"
	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent/webseed"
	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent/webtorrent"
)

// Maintains state of torrent within a Client. Many methods should not be called before the info is
// available, see .Info and .GotInfo.
type Torrent struct {
	// Torrent-level aggregate statistics. First in struct to ensure 64-bit
	// alignment. See #262.
	stats  ConnStats
	cl     *Client
	logger log.Logger

	networkingEnabled      chansync.Flag
	dataDownloadDisallowed chansync.Flag
	dataUploadDisallowed   bool
	userOnWriteChunkErr    func(error)

	closed   chansync.SetOnce
	infoHash metainfo.Hash
	pieces   []Piece
	// Values are the piece indices that changed.
	pieceStateChanges *pubsub.PubSub
	// The size of chunks to request from peers over the wire. This is
	// normally 16KiB by convention these days.
	chunkSize pp.Integer
	chunkPool sync.Pool
	// Total length of the torrent in bytes. Stored because it's not O(1) to
	// get this from the info dict.
	length *int64

	// The storage to open when the info dict becomes available.
	storageOpener *storage.Client
	// Storage for torrent data.
	storage *storage.Torrent
	// Read-locked for using storage, and write-locked for Closing.
	storageLock sync.RWMutex

	// TODO: Only announce stuff is used?
	metainfo metainfo.MetaInfo

	// The info dict. nil if we don't have it (yet).
	info      *metainfo.Info
	fileIndex segments.Index
	files     *[]*File

	webSeeds map[string]*Peer
	// Active peer connections, running message stream loops. TODO: Make this
	// open (not-closed) connections only.
	conns               map[*PeerConn]struct{}
	maxEstablishedConns int
	// Set of addrs to which we're attempting to connect. Connections are
	// half-open until all handshakes are completed.
	halfOpen map[string]PeerInfo

	// Reserve of peers to connect to. A peer can be both here and in the
	// active connections if were told about the peer after connecting with
	// them. That encourages us to reconnect to peers that are well known in
	// the swarm.
	peers prioritizedPeers
	// Whether we want to know to know more peers.
	wantPeersEvent missinggo.Event
	// An announcer for each tracker URL.
	trackerAnnouncers map[string]torrentTrackerAnnouncer
	// How many times we've initiated a DHT announce. TODO: Move into stats.
	numDHTAnnounces int

	// Name used if the info name isn't available. Should be cleared when the
	// Info does become available.
	nameMu      sync.RWMutex
	displayName string

	// The bencoded bytes of the info dict. This is actively manipulated if
	// the info bytes aren't initially available, and we try to fetch them
	// from peers.
	metadataBytes []byte
	// Each element corresponds to the 16KiB metadata pieces. If true, we have
	// received that piece.
	metadataCompletedChunks []bool
	metadataChanged         sync.Cond

	// Closed when .Info is obtained.
	gotMetainfoC chan struct{}

	readers                map[*reader]struct{}
	_readerNowPieces       bitmap.Bitmap
	_readerReadaheadPieces bitmap.Bitmap

	// A cache of pieces we need to get. Calculated from various piece and
	// file priorities and completion states elsewhere.
	_pendingPieces roaring.Bitmap
	// A cache of completed piece indices.
	_completedPieces roaring.Bitmap
	// Pieces that need to be hashed.
	piecesQueuedForHash       bitmap.Bitmap
	activePieceHashes         int
	initialPieceCheckDisabled bool

	connsWithAllPieces map[*Peer]struct{}
	// Count of each request across active connections.
	pendingRequests map[RequestIndex]*Peer
	lastRequested   map[RequestIndex]time.Time
	// Chunks we've written to since the corresponding piece was last checked.
	dirtyChunks roaring.Bitmap

	pex pexState

	// Is On when all pieces are complete.
	Complete chansync.Flag
}

func (t *Torrent) selectivePieceAvailabilityFromPeers(i pieceIndex) (count int) {
	// This could be done with roaring.BitSliceIndexing.
	t.iterPeers(func(peer *Peer) {
		if _, ok := t.connsWithAllPieces[peer]; ok {
			return
		}
		if peer.peerHasPiece(i) {
			count++
		}
	})
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) decPieceAvailability(i pieceIndex) {
	if !t.haveInfo() {
		return
	}
	p := t.piece(i)
	if p.relativeAvailability <= 0 {
		panic(p.relativeAvailability)
	}
	p.relativeAvailability--
	t.updatePieceRequestOrder(i)
}

func (t *Torrent) incPieceAvailability(i pieceIndex) {
	// If we don't the info, this should be reconciled when we do.
	if t.haveInfo() {
		p := t.piece(i)
		p.relativeAvailability++
		t.updatePieceRequestOrder(i)
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) readerNowPieces() bitmap.Bitmap {
	return t._readerNowPieces
}

func (t *Torrent) readerReadaheadPieces() bitmap.Bitmap {
	return t._readerReadaheadPieces
}

func (t *Torrent) ignorePieceForRequests(i pieceIndex) bool {
	return !t.wantPieceIndex(i)
}

// Returns a channel that is closed when the Torrent is closed.
func (t *Torrent) Closed() events.Done {
	return t.closed.Done()
}

// KnownSwarm returns the known subset of the peers in the Torrent's swarm, including active,
// pending, and half-open peers.
func (t *Torrent) KnownSwarm() (ks []PeerInfo) {
	// Add pending peers to the list
	t.peers.Each(func(peer PeerInfo) {
		ks = append(ks, peer)
	})

	// Add half-open peers to the list
	for _, peer := range t.halfOpen {
		ks = append(ks, peer)
	}

	// Add active peers to the list
	for conn := range t.conns {
		ks = append(ks, PeerInfo{
			Id:     conn.PeerID,
			Addr:   conn.RemoteAddr,
			Source: conn.Discovery,
			// > If the connection is encrypted, that's certainly enough to set SupportsEncryption.
			// > But if we're not connected to them with an encrypted connection, I couldn't say
			// > what's appropriate. We can carry forward the SupportsEncryption value as we
			// > received it from trackers/DHT/PEX, or just use the encryption state for the
			// > connection. It's probably easiest to do the latter for now.
			// https://github.com/anacrolix/torrent/pull/188
			SupportsEncryption: conn.headerEncrypted,
		})
	}

	return
}

func (t *Torrent) setChunkSize(size pp.Integer) {
	t.chunkSize = size
	t.chunkPool = sync.Pool{
		New: func() interface{} {
			b := make([]byte, size)
			return &b
		},
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceComplete(piece pieceIndex) bool {
	return t._completedPieces.Contains(bitmap.BitIndex(piece))
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceCompleteUncached(piece pieceIndex) storage.Completion {
	if t.storage == nil {
		return storage.Completion{Complete: false, Ok: true}
	}
	return t.pieces[piece].Storage().Completion()
}

// There's a connection to that address already.
func (t *Torrent) addrActive(addr string) bool {
	if _, ok := t.halfOpen[addr]; ok {
		return true
	}
	for c := range t.conns {
		ra := c.RemoteAddr
		if ra.String() == addr {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func (t *Torrent) appendUnclosedConns(ret []*PeerConn) []*PeerConn {
	return t.appendConns(ret, func(conn *PeerConn) bool {
		return !conn.closed.IsSet()
	})
}

func (t *Torrent) appendConns(ret []*PeerConn, f func(*PeerConn) bool) []*PeerConn {
	for c := range t.conns {
		if f(c) {
			ret = append(ret, c)
		}
	}
	return ret
}

func (t *Torrent) addPeer(p PeerInfo) (added bool) {
	cl := t.cl
	torrent.Add(fmt.Sprintf("peers added by source %q", p.Source), 1)
	if t.closed.IsSet() {
		return false
	}
	if ipAddr, ok := tryIpPortFromNetAddr(p.Addr); ok {
		if cl.badPeerIPPort(ipAddr.IP, ipAddr.Port) {
			torrent.Add("peers not added because of bad addr", 1)
			// cl.logger.Printf("peers not added because of bad addr: %v", p)
			return false
		}
	}
	if replaced, ok := t.peers.AddReturningReplacedPeer(p); ok {
		torrent.Add("peers replaced", 1)
		if !replaced.equal(p) {
			t.logger.WithDefaultLevel(log.Debug).Printf("added %v replacing %v", p, replaced)
			added = true
		}
	} else {
		added = true
	}
	t.openNewConns()
	for t.peers.Len() > cl.config.TorrentPeersHighWater {
		_, ok := t.peers.DeleteMin()
		if ok {
			torrent.Add("excess reserve peers discarded", 1)
		}
	}
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) invalidateMetadata() {
	for i := 0; i < len(t.metadataCompletedChunks); i++ {
		t.metadataCompletedChunks[i] = false
	}
	t.nameMu.Lock()
	t.gotMetainfoC = make(chan struct{})
	t.info = nil
	t.nameMu.Unlock()
}

func (t *Torrent) saveMetadataPiece(index int, data []byte) {
	if t.haveInfo() {
		return
	}
	if index >= len(t.metadataCompletedChunks) {
		t.logger.Printf("%s: ignoring metadata piece %d", t, index)
		return
	}
	copy(t.metadataBytes[(1<<14)*index:], data)
	t.metadataCompletedChunks[index] = true
}

func (t *Torrent) metadataPieceCount() int {
	return (len(t.metadataBytes) + (1 << 14) - 1) / (1 << 14)
}

func (t *Torrent) haveMetadataPiece(piece int) bool {
	if t.haveInfo() {
		return (1<<14)*piece < len(t.metadataBytes)
	} else {
		return piece < len(t.metadataCompletedChunks) && t.metadataCompletedChunks[piece]
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) metadataSize() int {
	return len(t.metadataBytes)
}

func infoPieceHashes(info *metainfo.Info) (ret [][]byte) {
	for i := 0; i < len(info.Pieces); i += sha1.Size {
		ret = append(ret, info.Pieces[i:i+sha1.Size])
	}
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) makePieces() {
	hashes := infoPieceHashes(t.info)
	t.pieces = make([]Piece, len(hashes))
	for i, hash := range hashes {
		piece := &t.pieces[i]
		piece.t = t
		piece.index = pieceIndex(i)
		piece.noPendingWrites.L = &piece.pendingWritesMutex
		piece.hash = (*metainfo.Hash)(unsafe.Pointer(&hash[0]))
		files := *t.files
		beginFile := pieceFirstFileIndex(piece.torrentBeginOffset(), files)
		endFile := pieceEndFileIndex(piece.torrentEndOffset(), files)
		piece.files = files[beginFile:endFile]
		piece.undirtiedChunksIter = undirtiedChunksIter{
			TorrentDirtyChunks: &t.dirtyChunks,
			StartRequestIndex:  piece.requestIndexOffset(),
			EndRequestIndex:    piece.requestIndexOffset() + piece.numChunks(),
		}
	}
}

// Returns the index of the first file containing the piece. files must be
// ordered by offset.
func pieceFirstFileIndex(pieceOffset int64, files []*File) int {
	for i, f := range files {
		if f.offset+f.length > pieceOffset {
			return i
		}
	}
	return 0
}

// Returns the index after the last file containing the piece. files must be
// ordered by offset.
func pieceEndFileIndex(pieceEndOffset int64, files []*File) int {
	for i, f := range files {
		if f.offset+f.length >= pieceEndOffset {
			return i + 1
		}
	}
	return 0
}

func (t *Torrent) cacheLength() {
	var l int64
	for _, f := range t.info.UpvertedFiles() {
		l += f.Length
	}
	t.length = &l
}

// TODO: This shouldn't fail for storage reasons. Instead we should handle storage failure
// separately.
func (t *Torrent) setInfo(info *metainfo.Info) error {
	if err := validateInfo(info); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("bad info: %s", err)
	}
	if t.storageOpener != nil {
		var err error
		t.storage, err = t.storageOpener.OpenTorrent(info, t.infoHash)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("error opening torrent storage: %s", err)
		}
	}
	t.nameMu.Lock()
	t.info = info
	t.nameMu.Unlock()
	t.updateComplete()
	t.fileIndex = segments.NewIndex(common.LengthIterFromUpvertedFiles(info.UpvertedFiles()))
	t.displayName = "" // Save a few bytes lol.
	t.initFiles()
	t.cacheLength()
	t.makePieces()
	return nil
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceRequestOrderKey(i int) request_strategy.PieceRequestOrderKey {
	return request_strategy.PieceRequestOrderKey{
		InfoHash: t.infoHash,
		Index:    i,
	}
}

// This seems to be all the follow-up tasks after info is set, that can't fail.
func (t *Torrent) onSetInfo() {
	t.initPieceRequestOrder()
	for i := range t.pieces {
		p := &t.pieces[i]
		// Need to add relativeAvailability before updating piece completion, as that may result in conns
		// being dropped.
		if p.relativeAvailability != 0 {
			panic(p.relativeAvailability)
		}
		p.relativeAvailability = t.selectivePieceAvailabilityFromPeers(i)
		t.addRequestOrderPiece(i)
		t.updatePieceCompletion(pieceIndex(i))
		if !t.initialPieceCheckDisabled && !p.storageCompletionOk {
			// t.logger.Printf("piece %s completion unknown, queueing check", p)
			t.queuePieceCheck(pieceIndex(i))
		}
	}
	t.cl.event.Broadcast()
	close(t.gotMetainfoC)
	t.updateWantPeersEvent()
	t.pendingRequests = make(map[RequestIndex]*Peer)
	t.lastRequested = make(map[RequestIndex]time.Time)
	t.tryCreateMorePieceHashers()
	t.iterPeers(func(p *Peer) {
		p.onGotInfo(t.info)
		p.updateRequests("onSetInfo")
	})
}

// Called when metadata for a torrent becomes available.
func (t *Torrent) setInfoBytesLocked(b []byte) error {
	if metainfo.HashBytes(b) != t.infoHash {
		return errors.New("info bytes have wrong hash")
	}
	var info metainfo.Info
	if err := bencode.Unmarshal(b, &info); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error unmarshalling info bytes: %s", err)
	}
	t.metadataBytes = b
	t.metadataCompletedChunks = nil
	if t.info != nil {
		return nil
	}
	if err := t.setInfo(&info); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	t.onSetInfo()
	return nil
}

func (t *Torrent) haveAllMetadataPieces() bool {
	if t.haveInfo() {
		return true
	}
	if t.metadataCompletedChunks == nil {
		return false
	}
	for _, have := range t.metadataCompletedChunks {
		if !have {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

// TODO: Propagate errors to disconnect peer.
func (t *Torrent) setMetadataSize(size int) (err error) {
	if t.haveInfo() {
		// We already know the correct metadata size.
		return
	}
	if uint32(size) > maxMetadataSize {
		return errors.New("bad size")
	}
	if len(t.metadataBytes) == size {
		return
	}
	t.metadataBytes = make([]byte, size)
	t.metadataCompletedChunks = make([]bool, (size+(1<<14)-1)/(1<<14))
	t.metadataChanged.Broadcast()
	for c := range t.conns {
		c.requestPendingMetadata()
	}
	return
}

// The current working name for the torrent. Either the name in the info dict,
// or a display name given such as by the dn value in a magnet link, or "".
func (t *Torrent) name() string {
	t.nameMu.RLock()
	defer t.nameMu.RUnlock()
	if t.haveInfo() {
		return t.info.Name
	}
	if t.displayName != "" {
		return t.displayName
	}
	return "infohash:" + t.infoHash.HexString()
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceState(index pieceIndex) (ret PieceState) {
	p := &t.pieces[index]
	ret.Priority = t.piecePriority(index)
	ret.Completion = p.completion()
	ret.QueuedForHash = p.queuedForHash()
	ret.Hashing = p.hashing
	ret.Checking = ret.QueuedForHash || ret.Hashing
	ret.Marking = p.marking
	if !ret.Complete && t.piecePartiallyDownloaded(index) {
		ret.Partial = true
	}
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) metadataPieceSize(piece int) int {
	return metadataPieceSize(len(t.metadataBytes), piece)
}

func (t *Torrent) newMetadataExtensionMessage(c *PeerConn, msgType pp.ExtendedMetadataRequestMsgType, piece int, data []byte) pp.Message {
	return pp.Message{
		Type:       pp.Extended,
		ExtendedID: c.PeerExtensionIDs[pp.ExtensionNameMetadata],
		ExtendedPayload: append(bencode.MustMarshal(pp.ExtendedMetadataRequestMsg{
			Piece:     piece,
			TotalSize: len(t.metadataBytes),
			Type:      msgType,
		}), data...),
	}
}

type pieceAvailabilityRun struct {
	Count        pieceIndex
	Availability int
}

func (me pieceAvailabilityRun) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", me.Count, me.Availability)
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceAvailabilityRuns() (ret []pieceAvailabilityRun) {
	rle := missinggo.NewRunLengthEncoder(func(el interface{}, count uint64) {
		ret = append(ret, pieceAvailabilityRun{Availability: el.(int), Count: int(count)})
	})
	for i := range t.pieces {
		rle.Append(t.pieces[i].availability(), 1)
	}
	rle.Flush()
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceAvailabilityFrequencies() (freqs []int) {
	freqs = make([]int, t.numActivePeers()+1)
	for i := range t.pieces {
		freqs[t.piece(i).availability()]++
	}
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceStateRuns() (ret PieceStateRuns) {
	rle := missinggo.NewRunLengthEncoder(func(el interface{}, count uint64) {
		ret = append(ret, PieceStateRun{
			PieceState: el.(PieceState),
			Length:     int(count),
		})
	})
	for index := range t.pieces {
		rle.Append(t.pieceState(pieceIndex(index)), 1)
	}
	rle.Flush()
	return
}

// Produces a small string representing a PieceStateRun.
func (psr PieceStateRun) String() (ret string) {
	ret = fmt.Sprintf("%d", psr.Length)
	ret += func() string {
		switch psr.Priority {
		case PiecePriorityNext:
			return "N"
		case PiecePriorityNormal:
			return "."
		case PiecePriorityReadahead:
			return "R"
		case PiecePriorityNow:
			return "!"
		case PiecePriorityHigh:
			return "H"
		default:
			return ""
		}
	}()
	if psr.Hashing {
		ret += "H"
	}
	if psr.QueuedForHash {
		ret += "Q"
	}
	if psr.Marking {
		ret += "M"
	}
	if psr.Partial {
		ret += "P"
	}
	if psr.Complete {
		ret += "C"
	}
	if !psr.Ok {
		ret += "?"
	}
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) writeStatus(w io.Writer) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Infohash: %s\n", t.infoHash.HexString())
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Metadata length: %d\n", t.metadataSize())
	if !t.haveInfo() {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Metadata have: ")
		for _, h := range t.metadataCompletedChunks {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%c", func() rune {
				if h {
					return 'H'
				} else {
					return '.'
				}
			}())
		}
		fmt.Fprintln(w)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Piece length: %s\n",
		func() string {
			if t.haveInfo() {
				return fmt.Sprintf("%v (%v chunks)",
					t.usualPieceSize(),
					float64(t.usualPieceSize())/float64(t.chunkSize))
			} else {
				return "no info"
			}
		}(),
	)
	if t.info != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Num Pieces: %d (%d completed)\n", t.numPieces(), t.numPiecesCompleted())
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Piece States: %s\n", t.pieceStateRuns())
		// Generates a huge, unhelpful listing when piece availability is very scattered. Prefer
		// availability frequencies instead.
		if false {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Piece availability: %v\n", strings.Join(func() (ret []string) {
				for _, run := range t.pieceAvailabilityRuns() {
					ret = append(ret, run.String())
				}
				return
			}(), " "))
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Piece availability frequency: %v\n", strings.Join(
			func() (ret []string) {
				for avail, freq := range t.pieceAvailabilityFrequencies() {
					if freq == 0 {
						continue
					}
					ret = append(ret, fmt.Sprintf("%v: %v", avail, freq))
				}
				return
			}(),
			", "))
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Reader Pieces:")
	t.forReaderOffsetPieces(func(begin, end pieceIndex) (again bool) {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, " %d:%d", begin, end)
		return true
	})
	fmt.Fprintln(w)

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Enabled trackers:\n")
	func() {
		tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(w, 0, 0, 2, ' ', 0)
		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "    URL\tExtra\n")
		for _, ta := range slices.Sort(slices.FromMapElems(t.trackerAnnouncers), func(l, r torrentTrackerAnnouncer) bool {
			lu := l.URL()
			ru := r.URL()
			var luns, runs url.URL = *lu, *ru
			luns.Scheme = ""
			runs.Scheme = ""
			var ml missinggo.MultiLess
			ml.StrictNext(luns.String() == runs.String(), luns.String() < runs.String())
			ml.StrictNext(lu.String() == ru.String(), lu.String() < ru.String())
			return ml.Less()
		}).([]torrentTrackerAnnouncer) {
			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "    %q\t%v\n", ta.URL(), ta.statusLine())
		}
		tw.Flush()
	}()

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "DHT Announces: %d\n", t.numDHTAnnounces)

	spew.NewDefaultConfig()
	spew.Fdump(w, t.statsLocked())

	peers := t.peersAsSlice()
	sort.Slice(peers, func(_i, _j int) bool {
		i := peers[_i]
		j := peers[_j]
		if less, ok := multiless.New().EagerSameLess(
			i.downloadRate() == j.downloadRate(), i.downloadRate() < j.downloadRate(),
		).LessOk(); ok {
			return less
		}
		return worseConn(i, j)
	})
	for i, c := range peers {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%2d. ", i+1)
		c.writeStatus(w, t)
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) haveInfo() bool {
	return t.info != nil
}

// Returns a run-time generated MetaInfo that includes the info bytes and
// announce-list as currently known to the client.
func (t *Torrent) newMetaInfo() metainfo.MetaInfo {
	return metainfo.MetaInfo{
		CreationDate: time.Now().Unix(),
		Comment:      "dynamic metainfo from client",
		CreatedBy:    "go.torrent",
		AnnounceList: t.metainfo.UpvertedAnnounceList().Clone(),
		InfoBytes: func() []byte {
			if t.haveInfo() {
				return t.metadataBytes
			} else {
				return nil
			}
		}(),
		UrlList: func() []string {
			ret := make([]string, 0, len(t.webSeeds))
			for url := range t.webSeeds {
				ret = append(ret, url)
			}
			return ret
		}(),
	}
}

// Get bytes left
func (t *Torrent) BytesMissing() (n int64) {
	t.cl.rLock()
	n = t.bytesMissingLocked()
	t.cl.rUnlock()
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) bytesMissingLocked() int64 {
	return t.bytesLeft()
}

func iterFlipped(b *roaring.Bitmap, end uint64, cb func(uint32) bool) {
	roaring.Flip(b, 0, end).Iterate(cb)
}

func (t *Torrent) bytesLeft() (left int64) {
	iterFlipped(&t._completedPieces, uint64(t.numPieces()), func(x uint32) bool {
		p := t.piece(pieceIndex(x))
		left += int64(p.length() - p.numDirtyBytes())
		return true
	})
	return
}

// Bytes left to give in tracker announces.
func (t *Torrent) bytesLeftAnnounce() int64 {
	if t.haveInfo() {
		return t.bytesLeft()
	} else {
		return -1
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) piecePartiallyDownloaded(piece pieceIndex) bool {
	if t.pieceComplete(piece) {
		return false
	}
	if t.pieceAllDirty(piece) {
		return false
	}
	return t.pieces[piece].hasDirtyChunks()
}

func (t *Torrent) usualPieceSize() int {
	return int(t.info.PieceLength)
}

func (t *Torrent) numPieces() pieceIndex {
	return pieceIndex(t.info.NumPieces())
}

func (t *Torrent) numPiecesCompleted() (num pieceIndex) {
	return pieceIndex(t._completedPieces.GetCardinality())
}

func (t *Torrent) close(wg *sync.WaitGroup) (err error) {
	t.closed.Set()
	if t.storage != nil {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			defer wg.Done()
			t.storageLock.Lock()
			defer t.storageLock.Unlock()
			if f := t.storage.Close; f != nil {
				err1 := f()
				if err1 != nil {
					t.logger.WithDefaultLevel(log.Warning).Printf("error closing storage: %v", err1)
				}
			}
		}()
	}
	t.iterPeers(func(p *Peer) {
		p.close()
	})
	if t.storage != nil {
		t.deletePieceRequestOrder()
	}
	for i := range t.pieces {
		p := t.piece(i)
		if p.relativeAvailability != 0 {
			panic(fmt.Sprintf("piece %v has relative availability %v", i, p.relativeAvailability))
		}
	}
	t.pex.Reset()
	t.cl.event.Broadcast()
	t.pieceStateChanges.Close()
	t.updateWantPeersEvent()
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) requestOffset(r Request) int64 {
	return torrentRequestOffset(*t.length, int64(t.usualPieceSize()), r)
}

// Return the request that would include the given offset into the torrent data. Returns !ok if
// there is no such request.
func (t *Torrent) offsetRequest(off int64) (req Request, ok bool) {
	return torrentOffsetRequest(*t.length, t.info.PieceLength, int64(t.chunkSize), off)
}

func (t *Torrent) writeChunk(piece int, begin int64, data []byte) (err error) {
	defer perf.ScopeTimerErr(&err)()
	n, err := t.pieces[piece].Storage().WriteAt(data, begin)
	if err == nil && n != len(data) {
		err = io.ErrShortWrite
	}
	return err
}

func (t *Torrent) bitfield() (bf []bool) {
	bf = make([]bool, t.numPieces())
	t._completedPieces.Iterate(func(piece uint32) (again bool) {
		bf[piece] = true
		return true
	})
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceNumChunks(piece pieceIndex) chunkIndexType {
	return chunkIndexType((t.pieceLength(piece) + t.chunkSize - 1) / t.chunkSize)
}

func (t *Torrent) chunksPerRegularPiece() uint32 {
	return uint32((pp.Integer(t.usualPieceSize()) + t.chunkSize - 1) / t.chunkSize)
}

func (t *Torrent) numRequests() RequestIndex {
	if t.numPieces() == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	return uint32(t.numPieces()-1)*t.chunksPerRegularPiece() + t.pieceNumChunks(t.numPieces()-1)
}

func (t *Torrent) pendAllChunkSpecs(pieceIndex pieceIndex) {
	t.dirtyChunks.RemoveRange(
		uint64(t.pieceRequestIndexOffset(pieceIndex)),
		uint64(t.pieceRequestIndexOffset(pieceIndex+1)))
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceLength(piece pieceIndex) pp.Integer {
	if t.info.PieceLength == 0 {
		// There will be no variance amongst pieces. Only pain.
		return 0
	}
	if piece == t.numPieces()-1 {
		ret := pp.Integer(*t.length % t.info.PieceLength)
		if ret != 0 {
			return ret
		}
	}
	return pp.Integer(t.info.PieceLength)
}

func (t *Torrent) hashPiece(piece pieceIndex) (ret metainfo.Hash, err error) {
	p := t.piece(piece)
	p.waitNoPendingWrites()
	storagePiece := t.pieces[piece].Storage()

	// Does the backend want to do its own hashing?
	if i, ok := storagePiece.PieceImpl.(storage.SelfHashing); ok {
		var sum metainfo.Hash
		// log.Printf("A piece decided to self-hash: %d", piece)
		sum, err = i.SelfHash()
		missinggo.CopyExact(&ret, sum)
		return
	}

	hash := pieceHash.New()
	const logPieceContents = false
	if logPieceContents {
		var examineBuf bytes.Buffer
		_, err = storagePiece.WriteTo(io.MultiWriter(hash, &examineBuf))
		log.Printf("hashed %q with copy err %v", examineBuf.Bytes(), err)
	} else {
		_, err = storagePiece.WriteTo(hash)
	}
	missinggo.CopyExact(&ret, hash.Sum(nil))
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) haveAnyPieces() bool {
	return !t._completedPieces.IsEmpty()
}

func (t *Torrent) haveAllPieces() bool {
	if !t.haveInfo() {
		return false
	}
	return t._completedPieces.GetCardinality() == bitmap.BitRange(t.numPieces())
}

func (t *Torrent) havePiece(index pieceIndex) bool {
	return t.haveInfo() && t.pieceComplete(index)
}

func (t *Torrent) maybeDropMutuallyCompletePeer(
	// I'm not sure about taking peer here, not all peer implementations actually drop. Maybe that's
	// okay?
	p *Peer,
) {
	if !t.cl.config.DropMutuallyCompletePeers {
		return
	}
	if !t.haveAllPieces() {
		return
	}
	if all, known := p.peerHasAllPieces(); !(known && all) {
		return
	}
	if p.useful() {
		return
	}
	t.logger.WithDefaultLevel(log.Debug).Printf("dropping %v, which is mutually complete", p)
	p.drop()
}

func (t *Torrent) haveChunk(r Request) (ret bool) {
	// defer func() {
	// 	log.Println("have chunk", r, ret)
	// }()
	if !t.haveInfo() {
		return false
	}
	if t.pieceComplete(pieceIndex(r.Index)) {
		return true
	}
	p := &t.pieces[r.Index]
	return !p.pendingChunk(r.ChunkSpec, t.chunkSize)
}

func chunkIndexFromChunkSpec(cs ChunkSpec, chunkSize pp.Integer) chunkIndexType {
	return chunkIndexType(cs.Begin / chunkSize)
}

func (t *Torrent) wantPieceIndex(index pieceIndex) bool {
	return t._pendingPieces.Contains(uint32(index))
}

// A pool of []*PeerConn, to reduce allocations in functions that need to index or sort Torrent
// conns (which is a map).
var peerConnSlices sync.Pool

func getPeerConnSlice(cap int) []*PeerConn {
	getInterface := peerConnSlices.Get()
	if getInterface == nil {
		return make([]*PeerConn, 0, cap)
	} else {
		return getInterface.([]*PeerConn)[:0]
	}
}

// The worst connection is one that hasn't been sent, or sent anything useful for the longest. A bad
// connection is one that usually sends us unwanted pieces, or has been in the worse half of the
// established connections for more than a minute. This is O(n log n). If there was a way to not
// consider the position of a conn relative to the total number, it could be reduced to O(n).
func (t *Torrent) worstBadConn() (ret *PeerConn) {
	wcs := worseConnSlice{conns: t.appendUnclosedConns(getPeerConnSlice(len(t.conns)))}
	defer peerConnSlices.Put(wcs.conns)
	wcs.initKeys()
	heap.Init(&wcs)
	for wcs.Len() != 0 {
		c := heap.Pop(&wcs).(*PeerConn)
		if c._stats.ChunksReadWasted.Int64() >= 6 && c._stats.ChunksReadWasted.Int64() > c._stats.ChunksReadUseful.Int64() {
			return c
		}
		// If the connection is in the worst half of the established
		// connection quota and is older than a minute.
		if wcs.Len() >= (t.maxEstablishedConns+1)/2 {
			// Give connections 1 minute to prove themselves.
			if time.Since(c.completedHandshake) > time.Minute {
				return c
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

type PieceStateChange struct {
	Index int
	PieceState
}

func (t *Torrent) publishPieceChange(piece pieceIndex) {
	t.cl._mu.Defer(func() {
		cur := t.pieceState(piece)
		p := &t.pieces[piece]
		if cur != p.publicPieceState {
			p.publicPieceState = cur
			t.pieceStateChanges.Publish(PieceStateChange{
				int(piece),
				cur,
			})
		}
	})
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceNumPendingChunks(piece pieceIndex) pp.Integer {
	if t.pieceComplete(piece) {
		return 0
	}
	return pp.Integer(t.pieceNumChunks(piece) - t.pieces[piece].numDirtyChunks())
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceAllDirty(piece pieceIndex) bool {
	return t.pieces[piece].allChunksDirty()
}

func (t *Torrent) readersChanged() {
	t.updateReaderPieces()
	t.updateAllPiecePriorities("Torrent.readersChanged")
}

func (t *Torrent) updateReaderPieces() {
	t._readerNowPieces, t._readerReadaheadPieces = t.readerPiecePriorities()
}

func (t *Torrent) readerPosChanged(from, to pieceRange) {
	if from == to {
		return
	}
	t.updateReaderPieces()
	// Order the ranges, high and low.
	l, h := from, to
	if l.begin > h.begin {
		l, h = h, l
	}
	if l.end < h.begin {
		// Two distinct ranges.
		t.updatePiecePriorities(l.begin, l.end, "Torrent.readerPosChanged")
		t.updatePiecePriorities(h.begin, h.end, "Torrent.readerPosChanged")
	} else {
		// Ranges overlap.
		end := l.end
		if h.end > end {
			end = h.end
		}
		t.updatePiecePriorities(l.begin, end, "Torrent.readerPosChanged")
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) maybeNewConns() {
	// Tickle the accept routine.
	t.cl.event.Broadcast()
	t.openNewConns()
}

func (t *Torrent) piecePriorityChanged(piece pieceIndex, reason string) {
	if t._pendingPieces.Contains(uint32(piece)) {
		t.iterPeers(func(c *Peer) {
			// if c.requestState.Interested {
			// 	return
			// }
			if !c.isLowOnRequests() {
				return
			}
			if !c.peerHasPiece(piece) {
				return
			}
			if c.requestState.Interested && c.peerChoking && !c.peerAllowedFast.Contains(uint32(piece)) {
				return
			}
			c.updateRequests(reason)
		})
	}
	t.maybeNewConns()
	t.publishPieceChange(piece)
}

func (t *Torrent) updatePiecePriority(piece pieceIndex, reason string) {
	if !t.closed.IsSet() {
		// It would be possible to filter on pure-priority changes here to avoid churning the piece
		// request order.
		t.updatePieceRequestOrder(piece)
	}
	p := &t.pieces[piece]
	newPrio := p.uncachedPriority()
	// t.logger.Printf("torrent %p: piece %d: uncached priority: %v", t, piece, newPrio)
	if newPrio == PiecePriorityNone {
		if !t._pendingPieces.CheckedRemove(uint32(piece)) {
			return
		}
	} else {
		if !t._pendingPieces.CheckedAdd(uint32(piece)) {
			return
		}
	}
	t.piecePriorityChanged(piece, reason)
}

func (t *Torrent) updateAllPiecePriorities(reason string) {
	t.updatePiecePriorities(0, t.numPieces(), reason)
}

// Update all piece priorities in one hit. This function should have the same
// output as updatePiecePriority, but across all pieces.
func (t *Torrent) updatePiecePriorities(begin, end pieceIndex, reason string) {
	for i := begin; i < end; i++ {
		t.updatePiecePriority(i, reason)
	}
}

// Returns the range of pieces [begin, end) that contains the extent of bytes.
func (t *Torrent) byteRegionPieces(off, size int64) (begin, end pieceIndex) {
	if off >= *t.length {
		return
	}
	if off < 0 {
		size += off
		off = 0
	}
	if size <= 0 {
		return
	}
	begin = pieceIndex(off / t.info.PieceLength)
	end = pieceIndex((off + size + t.info.PieceLength - 1) / t.info.PieceLength)
	if end > pieceIndex(t.info.NumPieces()) {
		end = pieceIndex(t.info.NumPieces())
	}
	return
}

// Returns true if all iterations complete without breaking. Returns the read regions for all
// readers. The reader regions should not be merged as some callers depend on this method to
// enumerate readers.
func (t *Torrent) forReaderOffsetPieces(f func(begin, end pieceIndex) (more bool)) (all bool) {
	for r := range t.readers {
		p := r.pieces
		if p.begin >= p.end {
			continue
		}
		if !f(p.begin, p.end) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func (t *Torrent) piecePriority(piece pieceIndex) piecePriority {
	return t.piece(piece).uncachedPriority()
}

func (t *Torrent) pendRequest(req RequestIndex) {
	t.piece(int(req / t.chunksPerRegularPiece())).pendChunkIndex(req % t.chunksPerRegularPiece())
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceCompletionChanged(piece pieceIndex, reason string) {
	t.cl.event.Broadcast()
	if t.pieceComplete(piece) {
		t.onPieceCompleted(piece)
	} else {
		t.onIncompletePiece(piece)
	}
	t.updatePiecePriority(piece, reason)
}

func (t *Torrent) numReceivedConns() (ret int) {
	for c := range t.conns {
		if c.Discovery == PeerSourceIncoming {
			ret++
		}
	}
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) maxHalfOpen() int {
	// Note that if we somehow exceed the maximum established conns, we want
	// the negative value to have an effect.
	establishedHeadroom := int64(t.maxEstablishedConns - len(t.conns))
	extraIncoming := int64(t.numReceivedConns() - t.maxEstablishedConns/2)
	// We want to allow some experimentation with new peers, and to try to
	// upset an oversupply of received connections.
	return int(min(max(5, extraIncoming)+establishedHeadroom, int64(t.cl.config.HalfOpenConnsPerTorrent)))
}

func (t *Torrent) openNewConns() (initiated int) {
	defer t.updateWantPeersEvent()
	for t.peers.Len() != 0 {
		if !t.wantConns() {
			return
		}
		if len(t.halfOpen) >= t.maxHalfOpen() {
			return
		}
		if len(t.cl.dialers) == 0 {
			return
		}
		if t.cl.numHalfOpen >= t.cl.config.TotalHalfOpenConns {
			return
		}
		p := t.peers.PopMax()
		t.initiateConn(p)
		initiated++
	}
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) updatePieceCompletion(piece pieceIndex) bool {
	p := t.piece(piece)
	uncached := t.pieceCompleteUncached(piece)
	cached := p.completion()
	changed := cached != uncached
	complete := uncached.Complete
	p.storageCompletionOk = uncached.Ok
	x := uint32(piece)
	if complete {
		t._completedPieces.Add(x)
		t.openNewConns()
	} else {
		t._completedPieces.Remove(x)
	}
	p.t.updatePieceRequestOrder(piece)
	t.updateComplete()
	if complete && len(p.dirtiers) != 0 {
		t.logger.Printf("marked piece %v complete but still has dirtiers", piece)
	}
	if changed {
		log.Fstr("piece %d completion changed: %+v -> %+v", piece, cached, uncached).SetLevel(log.Debug).Log(t.logger)
		t.pieceCompletionChanged(piece, "Torrent.updatePieceCompletion")
	}
	return changed
}

// Non-blocking read. Client lock is not required.
func (t *Torrent) readAt(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
	for len(b) != 0 {
		p := &t.pieces[off/t.info.PieceLength]
		p.waitNoPendingWrites()
		var n1 int
		n1, err = p.Storage().ReadAt(b, off-p.Info().Offset())
		if n1 == 0 {
			break
		}
		off += int64(n1)
		n += n1
		b = b[n1:]
	}
	return
}

// Returns an error if the metadata was completed, but couldn't be set for some reason. Blame it on
// the last peer to contribute. TODO: Actually we shouldn't blame peers for failure to open storage
// etc. Also we should probably cached metadata pieces per-Peer, to isolate failure appropriately.
func (t *Torrent) maybeCompleteMetadata() error {
	if t.haveInfo() {
		// Nothing to do.
		return nil
	}
	if !t.haveAllMetadataPieces() {
		// Don't have enough metadata pieces.
		return nil
	}
	err := t.setInfoBytesLocked(t.metadataBytes)
	if err != nil {
		t.invalidateMetadata()
		return fmt.Errorf("error setting info bytes: %s", err)
	}
	if t.cl.config.Debug {
		t.logger.Printf("%s: got metadata from peers", t)
	}
	return nil
}

func (t *Torrent) readerPiecePriorities() (now, readahead bitmap.Bitmap) {
	t.forReaderOffsetPieces(func(begin, end pieceIndex) bool {
		if end > begin {
			now.Add(bitmap.BitIndex(begin))
			readahead.AddRange(bitmap.BitRange(begin)+1, bitmap.BitRange(end))
		}
		return true
	})
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) needData() bool {
	if t.closed.IsSet() {
		return false
	}
	if !t.haveInfo() {
		return true
	}
	return !t._pendingPieces.IsEmpty()
}

func appendMissingStrings(old, new []string) (ret []string) {
	ret = old
new:
	for _, n := range new {
		for _, o := range old {
			if o == n {
				continue new
			}
		}
		ret = append(ret, n)
	}
	return
}

func appendMissingTrackerTiers(existing [][]string, minNumTiers int) (ret [][]string) {
	ret = existing
	for minNumTiers > len(ret) {
		ret = append(ret, nil)
	}
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) addTrackers(announceList [][]string) {
	fullAnnounceList := &t.metainfo.AnnounceList
	t.metainfo.AnnounceList = appendMissingTrackerTiers(*fullAnnounceList, len(announceList))
	for tierIndex, trackerURLs := range announceList {
		(*fullAnnounceList)[tierIndex] = appendMissingStrings((*fullAnnounceList)[tierIndex], trackerURLs)
	}
	t.startMissingTrackerScrapers()
	t.updateWantPeersEvent()
}

// Don't call this before the info is available.
func (t *Torrent) bytesCompleted() int64 {
	if !t.haveInfo() {
		return 0
	}
	return *t.length - t.bytesLeft()
}

func (t *Torrent) SetInfoBytes(b []byte) (err error) {
	t.cl.lock()
	defer t.cl.unlock()
	return t.setInfoBytesLocked(b)
}

// Returns true if connection is removed from torrent.Conns.
func (t *Torrent) deletePeerConn(c *PeerConn) (ret bool) {
	if !c.closed.IsSet() {
		panic("connection is not closed")
		// There are behaviours prevented by the closed state that will fail
		// if the connection has been deleted.
	}
	_, ret = t.conns[c]
	delete(t.conns, c)
	// Avoid adding a drop event more than once. Probably we should track whether we've generated
	// the drop event against the PexConnState instead.
	if ret {
		if !t.cl.config.DisablePEX {
			t.pex.Drop(c)
		}
	}
	torrent.Add("deleted connections", 1)
	if !c.deleteAllRequests().IsEmpty() {
		t.iterPeers(func(p *Peer) {
			if p.isLowOnRequests() {
				p.updateRequests("Torrent.deletePeerConn")
			}
		})
	}
	t.assertPendingRequests()
	if t.numActivePeers() == 0 && len(t.connsWithAllPieces) != 0 {
		panic(t.connsWithAllPieces)
	}
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) decPeerPieceAvailability(p *Peer) {
	if t.deleteConnWithAllPieces(p) {
		return
	}
	if !t.haveInfo() {
		return
	}
	p.peerPieces().Iterate(func(i uint32) bool {
		p.t.decPieceAvailability(pieceIndex(i))
		return true
	})
}

func (t *Torrent) assertPendingRequests() {
	if !check {
		return
	}
	// var actual pendingRequests
	// if t.haveInfo() {
	// 	actual.m = make([]int, t.numRequests())
	// }
	// t.iterPeers(func(p *Peer) {
	// 	p.requestState.Requests.Iterate(func(x uint32) bool {
	// 		actual.Inc(x)
	// 		return true
	// 	})
	// })
	// diff := cmp.Diff(actual.m, t.pendingRequests.m)
	// if diff != "" {
	// 	panic(diff)
	// }
}

func (t *Torrent) dropConnection(c *PeerConn) {
	t.cl.event.Broadcast()
	c.close()
	if t.deletePeerConn(c) {
		t.openNewConns()
	}
}

// Peers as in contact information for dialing out.
func (t *Torrent) wantPeers() bool {
	if t.closed.IsSet() {
		return false
	}
	if t.peers.Len() > t.cl.config.TorrentPeersLowWater {
		return false
	}
	return t.wantConns()
}

func (t *Torrent) updateWantPeersEvent() {
	if t.wantPeers() {
		t.wantPeersEvent.Set()
	} else {
		t.wantPeersEvent.Clear()
	}
}

// Returns whether the client should make effort to seed the torrent.
func (t *Torrent) seeding() bool {
	cl := t.cl
	if t.closed.IsSet() {
		return false
	}
	if t.dataUploadDisallowed {
		return false
	}
	if cl.config.NoUpload {
		return false
	}
	if !cl.config.Seed {
		return false
	}
	if cl.config.DisableAggressiveUpload && t.needData() {
		return false
	}
	return true
}

func (t *Torrent) onWebRtcConn(
	c datachannel.ReadWriteCloser,
	dcc webtorrent.DataChannelContext,
) {
	defer c.Close()
	pc, err := t.cl.initiateProtocolHandshakes(
		context.Background(),
		webrtcNetConn{c, dcc},
		t,
		dcc.LocalOffered,
		false,
		webrtcNetAddr{dcc.Remote},
		webrtcNetwork,
		fmt.Sprintf("webrtc offer_id %x", dcc.OfferId),
	)
	if err != nil {
		t.logger.WithDefaultLevel(log.Error).Printf("error in handshaking webrtc connection: %v", err)
		return
	}
	if dcc.LocalOffered {
		pc.Discovery = PeerSourceTracker
	} else {
		pc.Discovery = PeerSourceIncoming
	}
	pc.conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Time{})
	t.cl.lock()
	defer t.cl.unlock()
	err = t.cl.runHandshookConn(pc, t)
	if err != nil {
		t.logger.WithDefaultLevel(log.Critical).Printf("error running handshook webrtc conn: %v", err)
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) logRunHandshookConn(pc *PeerConn, logAll bool, level log.Level) {
	err := t.cl.runHandshookConn(pc, t)
	if err != nil || logAll {
		t.logger.WithDefaultLevel(level).Printf("error running handshook conn: %v", err)
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) runHandshookConnLoggingErr(pc *PeerConn) {
	t.logRunHandshookConn(pc, false, log.Debug)
}

func (t *Torrent) startWebsocketAnnouncer(u url.URL) torrentTrackerAnnouncer {
	wtc, release := t.cl.websocketTrackers.Get(u.String())
	go func() {
		<-t.closed.Done()
		release()
	}()
	wst := websocketTrackerStatus{u, wtc}
	go func() {
		err := wtc.Announce(tracker.Started, t.infoHash)
		if err != nil {
			t.logger.WithDefaultLevel(log.Warning).Printf(
				"error in initial announce to %q: %v",
				u.String(), err,
			)
		}
	}()
	return wst
}

func (t *Torrent) startScrapingTracker(_url string) {
	if _url == "" {
		return
	}
	u, err := url.Parse(_url)
	if err != nil {
		// URLs with a leading '*' appear to be a uTorrent convention to
		// disable trackers.
		if _url[0] != '*' {
			log.Str("error parsing tracker url").AddValues("url", _url).Log(t.logger)
		}
		return
	}
	if u.Scheme == "udp" {
		u.Scheme = "udp4"
		t.startScrapingTracker(u.String())
		u.Scheme = "udp6"
		t.startScrapingTracker(u.String())
		return
	}
	if _, ok := t.trackerAnnouncers[_url]; ok {
		return
	}
	sl := func() torrentTrackerAnnouncer {
		switch u.Scheme {
		case "ws", "wss":
			if t.cl.config.DisableWebtorrent {
				return nil
			}
			return t.startWebsocketAnnouncer(*u)
		case "udp4":
			if t.cl.config.DisableIPv4Peers || t.cl.config.DisableIPv4 {
				return nil
			}
		case "udp6":
			if t.cl.config.DisableIPv6 {
				return nil
			}
		}
		newAnnouncer := &trackerScraper{
			u:               *u,
			t:               t,
			lookupTrackerIp: t.cl.config.LookupTrackerIp,
		}
		go newAnnouncer.Run()
		return newAnnouncer
	}()
	if sl == nil {
		return
	}
	if t.trackerAnnouncers == nil {
		t.trackerAnnouncers = make(map[string]torrentTrackerAnnouncer)
	}
	t.trackerAnnouncers[_url] = sl
}

// Adds and starts tracker scrapers for tracker URLs that aren't already
// running.
func (t *Torrent) startMissingTrackerScrapers() {
	if t.cl.config.DisableTrackers {
		return
	}
	t.startScrapingTracker(t.metainfo.Announce)
	for _, tier := range t.metainfo.AnnounceList {
		for _, url := range tier {
			t.startScrapingTracker(url)
		}
	}
}

// Returns an AnnounceRequest with fields filled out to defaults and current
// values.
func (t *Torrent) announceRequest(event tracker.AnnounceEvent) tracker.AnnounceRequest {
	// Note that IPAddress is not set. It's set for UDP inside the tracker code, since it's
	// dependent on the network in use.
	return tracker.AnnounceRequest{
		Event: event,
		NumWant: func() int32 {
			if t.wantPeers() && len(t.cl.dialers) > 0 {
				return -1
			} else {
				return 0
			}
		}(),
		Port:     uint16(t.cl.incomingPeerPort()),
		PeerId:   t.cl.peerID,
		InfoHash: t.infoHash,
		Key:      t.cl.announceKey(),

		// The following are vaguely described in BEP 3.

		Left:     t.bytesLeftAnnounce(),
		Uploaded: t.stats.BytesWrittenData.Int64(),
		// There's no mention of wasted or unwanted download in the BEP.
		Downloaded: t.stats.BytesReadUsefulData.Int64(),
	}
}

// Adds peers revealed in an announce until the announce ends, or we have
// enough peers.
func (t *Torrent) consumeDhtAnnouncePeers(pvs <-chan dht.PeersValues) {
	cl := t.cl
	for v := range pvs {
		cl.lock()
		added := 0
		for _, cp := range v.Peers {
			if cp.Port == 0 {
				// Can't do anything with this.
				continue
			}
			if t.addPeer(PeerInfo{
				Addr:   ipPortAddr{cp.IP, cp.Port},
				Source: PeerSourceDhtGetPeers,
			}) {
				added++
			}
		}
		cl.unlock()
		// if added != 0 {
		// 	log.Printf("added %v peers from dht for %v", added, t.InfoHash().HexString())
		// }
	}
}

// Announce using the provided DHT server. Peers are consumed automatically. done is closed when the
// announce ends. stop will force the announce to end.
func (t *Torrent) AnnounceToDht(s DhtServer) (done <-chan struct{}, stop func(), err error) {
	ps, err := s.Announce(t.infoHash, t.cl.incomingPeerPort(), true)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	_done := make(chan struct{})
	done = _done
	stop = ps.Close
	go func() {
		t.consumeDhtAnnouncePeers(ps.Peers())
		close(_done)
	}()
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) timeboxedAnnounceToDht(s DhtServer) error {
	_, stop, err := t.AnnounceToDht(s)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	select {
	case <-t.closed.Done():
	case <-time.After(5 * time.Minute):
	}
	stop()
	return nil
}

func (t *Torrent) dhtAnnouncer(s DhtServer) {
	cl := t.cl
	cl.lock()
	defer cl.unlock()
	for {
		for {
			if t.closed.IsSet() {
				return
			}
			// We're also announcing ourselves as a listener, so we don't just want peer addresses.
			// TODO: We can include the announce_peer step depending on whether we can receive
			// inbound connections. We should probably only announce once every 15 mins too.
			if !t.wantConns() {
				goto wait
			}
			// TODO: Determine if there's a listener on the port we're announcing.
			if len(cl.dialers) == 0 && len(cl.listeners) == 0 {
				goto wait
			}
			break
		wait:
			cl.event.Wait()
		}
		func() {
			t.numDHTAnnounces++
			cl.unlock()
			defer cl.lock()
			err := t.timeboxedAnnounceToDht(s)
			if err != nil {
				t.logger.WithDefaultLevel(log.Warning).Printf("error announcing %q to DHT: %s", t, err)
			}
		}()
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) addPeers(peers []PeerInfo) (added int) {
	for _, p := range peers {
		if t.addPeer(p) {
			added++
		}
	}
	return
}

// The returned TorrentStats may require alignment in memory. See
// https://github.com/anacrolix/torrent/issues/383.
func (t *Torrent) Stats() TorrentStats {
	t.cl.rLock()
	defer t.cl.rUnlock()
	return t.statsLocked()
}

func (t *Torrent) statsLocked() (ret TorrentStats) {
	ret.ActivePeers = len(t.conns)
	ret.HalfOpenPeers = len(t.halfOpen)
	ret.PendingPeers = t.peers.Len()
	ret.TotalPeers = t.numTotalPeers()
	ret.ConnectedSeeders = 0
	for c := range t.conns {
		if all, ok := c.peerHasAllPieces(); all && ok {
			ret.ConnectedSeeders++
		}
	}
	ret.ConnStats = t.stats.Copy()
	ret.PiecesComplete = t.numPiecesCompleted()
	return
}

// The total number of peers in the torrent.
func (t *Torrent) numTotalPeers() int {
	peers := make(map[string]struct{})
	for conn := range t.conns {
		ra := conn.conn.RemoteAddr()
		if ra == nil {
			// It's been closed and doesn't support RemoteAddr.
			continue
		}
		peers[ra.String()] = struct{}{}
	}
	for addr := range t.halfOpen {
		peers[addr] = struct{}{}
	}
	t.peers.Each(func(peer PeerInfo) {
		peers[peer.Addr.String()] = struct{}{}
	})
	return len(peers)
}

// Reconcile bytes transferred before connection was associated with a
// torrent.
func (t *Torrent) reconcileHandshakeStats(c *PeerConn) {
	if c._stats != (ConnStats{
		// Handshakes should only increment these fields:
		BytesWritten: c._stats.BytesWritten,
		BytesRead:    c._stats.BytesRead,
	}) {
		panic("bad stats")
	}
	c.postHandshakeStats(func(cs *ConnStats) {
		cs.BytesRead.Add(c._stats.BytesRead.Int64())
		cs.BytesWritten.Add(c._stats.BytesWritten.Int64())
	})
	c.reconciledHandshakeStats = true
}

// Returns true if the connection is added.
func (t *Torrent) addPeerConn(c *PeerConn) (err error) {
	defer func() {
		if err == nil {
			torrent.Add("added connections", 1)
		}
	}()
	if t.closed.IsSet() {
		return errors.New("torrent closed")
	}
	for c0 := range t.conns {
		if c.PeerID != c0.PeerID {
			continue
		}
		if !t.cl.config.DropDuplicatePeerIds {
			continue
		}
		if left, ok := c.hasPreferredNetworkOver(c0); ok && left {
			c0.close()
			t.deletePeerConn(c0)
		} else {
			return errors.New("existing connection preferred")
		}
	}
	if len(t.conns) >= t.maxEstablishedConns {
		c := t.worstBadConn()
		if c == nil {
			return errors.New("don't want conns")
		}
		c.close()
		t.deletePeerConn(c)
	}
	if len(t.conns) >= t.maxEstablishedConns {
		panic(len(t.conns))
	}
	t.conns[c] = struct{}{}
	if !t.cl.config.DisablePEX && !c.PeerExtensionBytes.SupportsExtended() {
		t.pex.Add(c) // as no further extended handshake expected
	}
	return nil
}

func (t *Torrent) wantConns() bool {
	if !t.networkingEnabled.Bool() {
		return false
	}
	if t.closed.IsSet() {
		return false
	}
	if !t.needData() && (!t.seeding() || !t.haveAnyPieces()) {
		return false
	}
	return len(t.conns) < t.maxEstablishedConns || t.worstBadConn() != nil
}

func (t *Torrent) SetMaxEstablishedConns(max int) (oldMax int) {
	t.cl.lock()
	defer t.cl.unlock()
	oldMax = t.maxEstablishedConns
	t.maxEstablishedConns = max
	wcs := worseConnSlice{
		conns: t.appendConns(nil, func(*PeerConn) bool {
			return true
		}),
	}
	wcs.initKeys()
	heap.Init(&wcs)
	for len(t.conns) > t.maxEstablishedConns && wcs.Len() > 0 {
		t.dropConnection(heap.Pop(&wcs).(*PeerConn))
	}
	t.openNewConns()
	return oldMax
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceHashed(piece pieceIndex, passed bool, hashIoErr error) {
	t.logger.Log(log.Fstr("hashed piece %d (passed=%t)", piece, passed).SetLevel(log.Debug))
	p := t.piece(piece)
	p.numVerifies++
	t.cl.event.Broadcast()
	if t.closed.IsSet() {
		return
	}

	// Don't score the first time a piece is hashed, it could be an initial check.
	if p.storageCompletionOk {
		if passed {
			pieceHashedCorrect.Add(1)
		} else {
			log.Fmsg(
				"piece %d failed hash: %d connections contributed", piece, len(p.dirtiers),
			).AddValues(t, p).SetLevel(log.Debug).Log(t.logger)
			pieceHashedNotCorrect.Add(1)
		}
	}

	p.marking = true
	t.publishPieceChange(piece)
	defer func() {
		p.marking = false
		t.publishPieceChange(piece)
	}()

	if passed {
		if len(p.dirtiers) != 0 {
			// Don't increment stats above connection-level for every involved connection.
			t.allStats((*ConnStats).incrementPiecesDirtiedGood)
		}
		for c := range p.dirtiers {
			c._stats.incrementPiecesDirtiedGood()
		}
		t.clearPieceTouchers(piece)
		t.cl.unlock()
		err := p.Storage().MarkComplete()
		if err != nil {
			t.logger.Printf("%T: error marking piece complete %d: %s", t.storage, piece, err)
		}
		t.cl.lock()

		if t.closed.IsSet() {
			return
		}
		t.pendAllChunkSpecs(piece)
	} else {
		if len(p.dirtiers) != 0 && p.allChunksDirty() && hashIoErr == nil {
			// Peers contributed to all the data for this piece hash failure, and the failure was
			// not due to errors in the storage (such as data being dropped in a cache).

			// Increment Torrent and above stats, and then specific connections.
			t.allStats((*ConnStats).incrementPiecesDirtiedBad)
			for c := range p.dirtiers {
				// Y u do dis peer?!
				c.stats().incrementPiecesDirtiedBad()
			}

			bannableTouchers := make([]*Peer, 0, len(p.dirtiers))
			for c := range p.dirtiers {
				if !c.trusted {
					bannableTouchers = append(bannableTouchers, c)
				}
			}
			t.clearPieceTouchers(piece)
			slices.Sort(bannableTouchers, connLessTrusted)

			if t.cl.config.Debug {
				t.logger.Printf(
					"bannable conns by trust for piece %d: %v",
					piece,
					func() (ret []connectionTrust) {
						for _, c := range bannableTouchers {
							ret = append(ret, c.trust())
						}
						return
					}(),
				)
			}

			if len(bannableTouchers) >= 1 {
				c := bannableTouchers[0]
				t.cl.banPeerIP(c.remoteIp())
				c.drop()
			}
		}
		t.onIncompletePiece(piece)
		p.Storage().MarkNotComplete()
	}
	t.updatePieceCompletion(piece)
}

func (t *Torrent) cancelRequestsForPiece(piece pieceIndex) {
	for ri := t.pieceRequestIndexOffset(piece); ri < t.pieceRequestIndexOffset(piece+1); ri++ {
		t.cancelRequest(ri)
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) onPieceCompleted(piece pieceIndex) {
	t.pendAllChunkSpecs(piece)
	t.cancelRequestsForPiece(piece)
	t.piece(piece).readerCond.Broadcast()
	for conn := range t.conns {
		conn.have(piece)
		t.maybeDropMutuallyCompletePeer(&conn.Peer)
	}
}

// Called when a piece is found to be not complete.
func (t *Torrent) onIncompletePiece(piece pieceIndex) {
	if t.pieceAllDirty(piece) {
		t.pendAllChunkSpecs(piece)
	}
	if !t.wantPieceIndex(piece) {
		// t.logger.Printf("piece %d incomplete and unwanted", piece)
		return
	}
	// We could drop any connections that we told we have a piece that we
	// don't here. But there's a test failure, and it seems clients don't care
	// if you request pieces that you already claim to have. Pruning bad
	// connections might just remove any connections that aren't treating us
	// favourably anyway.

	// for c := range t.conns {
	// 	if c.sentHave(piece) {
	// 		c.drop()
	// 	}
	// }
	t.iterPeers(func(conn *Peer) {
		if conn.peerHasPiece(piece) {
			conn.updateRequests("piece incomplete")
		}
	})
}

func (t *Torrent) tryCreateMorePieceHashers() {
	for !t.closed.IsSet() && t.activePieceHashes < 2 && t.tryCreatePieceHasher() {
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) tryCreatePieceHasher() bool {
	if t.storage == nil {
		return false
	}
	pi, ok := t.getPieceToHash()
	if !ok {
		return false
	}
	p := t.piece(pi)
	t.piecesQueuedForHash.Remove(bitmap.BitIndex(pi))
	p.hashing = true
	t.publishPieceChange(pi)
	t.updatePiecePriority(pi, "Torrent.tryCreatePieceHasher")
	t.storageLock.RLock()
	t.activePieceHashes++
	go t.pieceHasher(pi)
	return true
}

func (t *Torrent) getPieceToHash() (ret pieceIndex, ok bool) {
	t.piecesQueuedForHash.IterTyped(func(i pieceIndex) bool {
		if t.piece(i).hashing {
			return true
		}
		ret = i
		ok = true
		return false
	})
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceHasher(index pieceIndex) {
	p := t.piece(index)
	sum, copyErr := t.hashPiece(index)
	correct := sum == *p.hash
	switch copyErr {
	case nil, io.EOF:
	default:
		log.Fmsg("piece %v (%s) hash failure copy error: %v", p, p.hash.HexString(), copyErr).Log(t.logger)
	}
	t.storageLock.RUnlock()
	t.cl.lock()
	defer t.cl.unlock()
	p.hashing = false
	t.pieceHashed(index, correct, copyErr)
	t.updatePiecePriority(index, "Torrent.pieceHasher")
	t.activePieceHashes--
	t.tryCreateMorePieceHashers()
}

// Return the connections that touched a piece, and clear the entries while doing it.
func (t *Torrent) clearPieceTouchers(pi pieceIndex) {
	p := t.piece(pi)
	for c := range p.dirtiers {
		delete(c.peerTouchedPieces, pi)
		delete(p.dirtiers, c)
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) peersAsSlice() (ret []*Peer) {
	t.iterPeers(func(p *Peer) {
		ret = append(ret, p)
	})
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) queuePieceCheck(pieceIndex pieceIndex) {
	piece := t.piece(pieceIndex)
	if piece.queuedForHash() {
		return
	}
	t.piecesQueuedForHash.Add(bitmap.BitIndex(pieceIndex))
	t.publishPieceChange(pieceIndex)
	t.updatePiecePriority(pieceIndex, "Torrent.queuePieceCheck")
	t.tryCreateMorePieceHashers()
}

// Forces all the pieces to be re-hashed. See also Piece.VerifyData. This should not be called
// before the Info is available.
func (t *Torrent) VerifyData() {
	for i := pieceIndex(0); i < t.NumPieces(); i++ {
		t.Piece(i).VerifyData()
	}
}

// Start the process of connecting to the given peer for the given torrent if appropriate.
func (t *Torrent) initiateConn(peer PeerInfo) {
	if peer.Id == t.cl.peerID {
		return
	}
	if t.cl.badPeerAddr(peer.Addr) && !peer.Trusted {
		return
	}
	addr := peer.Addr
	if t.addrActive(addr.String()) {
		return
	}
	t.cl.numHalfOpen++
	t.halfOpen[addr.String()] = peer
	go t.cl.outgoingConnection(t, addr, peer.Source, peer.Trusted)
}

// Adds a trusted, pending peer for each of the given Client's addresses. Typically used in tests to
// quickly make one Client visible to the Torrent of another Client.
func (t *Torrent) AddClientPeer(cl *Client) int {
	return t.AddPeers(func() (ps []PeerInfo) {
		for _, la := range cl.ListenAddrs() {
			ps = append(ps, PeerInfo{
				Addr:    la,
				Trusted: true,
			})
		}
		return
	}())
}

// All stats that include this Torrent. Useful when we want to increment ConnStats but not for every
// connection.
func (t *Torrent) allStats(f func(*ConnStats)) {
	f(&t.stats)
	f(&t.cl.stats)
}

func (t *Torrent) hashingPiece(i pieceIndex) bool {
	return t.pieces[i].hashing
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceQueuedForHash(i pieceIndex) bool {
	return t.piecesQueuedForHash.Get(bitmap.BitIndex(i))
}

func (t *Torrent) dialTimeout() time.Duration {
	return reducedDialTimeout(t.cl.config.MinDialTimeout, t.cl.config.NominalDialTimeout, t.cl.config.HalfOpenConnsPerTorrent, t.peers.Len())
}

func (t *Torrent) piece(i int) *Piece {
	return &t.pieces[i]
}

func (t *Torrent) onWriteChunkErr(err error) {
	if t.userOnWriteChunkErr != nil {
		go t.userOnWriteChunkErr(err)
		return
	}
	t.logger.WithDefaultLevel(log.Critical).Printf("default chunk write error handler: disabling data download")
	t.disallowDataDownloadLocked()
}

func (t *Torrent) DisallowDataDownload() {
	t.disallowDataDownloadLocked()
}

func (t *Torrent) disallowDataDownloadLocked() {
	t.dataDownloadDisallowed.Set()
}

func (t *Torrent) AllowDataDownload() {
	t.dataDownloadDisallowed.Clear()
}

// Enables uploading data, if it was disabled.
func (t *Torrent) AllowDataUpload() {
	t.cl.lock()
	defer t.cl.unlock()
	t.dataUploadDisallowed = false
	for c := range t.conns {
		c.updateRequests("allow data upload")
	}
}

// Disables uploading data, if it was enabled.
func (t *Torrent) DisallowDataUpload() {
	t.cl.lock()
	defer t.cl.unlock()
	t.dataUploadDisallowed = true
	for c := range t.conns {
		// TODO: This doesn't look right. Shouldn't we tickle writers to choke peers or something instead?
		c.updateRequests("disallow data upload")
	}
}

// Sets a handler that is called if there's an error writing a chunk to local storage. By default,
// or if nil, a critical message is logged, and data download is disabled.
func (t *Torrent) SetOnWriteChunkError(f func(error)) {
	t.cl.lock()
	defer t.cl.unlock()
	t.userOnWriteChunkErr = f
}

func (t *Torrent) iterPeers(f func(p *Peer)) {
	for pc := range t.conns {
		f(&pc.Peer)
	}
	for _, ws := range t.webSeeds {
		f(ws)
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) callbacks() *Callbacks {
	return &t.cl.config.Callbacks
}

func (t *Torrent) addWebSeed(url string) {
	if t.cl.config.DisableWebseeds {
		return
	}
	if _, ok := t.webSeeds[url]; ok {
		return
	}
	// I don't think Go http supports pipelining requests. However, we can have more ready to go
	// right away. This value should be some multiple of the number of connections to a host. I
	// would expect that double maxRequests plus a bit would be appropriate. This value is based on
	// downloading Sintel (08ada5a7a6183aae1e09d831df6748d566095a10) from
	// "https://webtorrent.io/torrents/".
	const maxRequests = 16
	ws := webseedPeer{
		peer: Peer{
			t:                        t,
			outgoing:                 true,
			Network:                  "http",
			reconciledHandshakeStats: true,
			// This should affect how often we have to recompute requests for this peer. Note that
			// because we can request more than 1 thing at a time over HTTP, we will hit the low
			// requests mark more often, so recomputation is probably sooner than with regular peer
			// conns. ~4x maxRequests would be about right.
			PeerMaxRequests: 128,
			RemoteAddr:      remoteAddrFromUrl(url),
			callbacks:       t.callbacks(),
		},
		client: webseed.Client{
			HttpClient: t.cl.webseedHttpClient,
			Url:        url,
			ResponseBodyWrapper: func(r io.Reader) io.Reader {
				return &rateLimitedReader{
					l: t.cl.config.DownloadRateLimiter,
					r: r,
				}
			},
		},
		activeRequests: make(map[Request]webseed.Request, maxRequests),
		maxRequests:    maxRequests,
	}
	ws.peer.initUpdateRequestsTimer()
	ws.requesterCond.L = t.cl.locker()
	for i := 0; i < maxRequests; i += 1 {
		go ws.requester(i)
	}
	for _, f := range t.callbacks().NewPeer {
		f(&ws.peer)
	}
	ws.peer.logger = t.logger.WithContextValue(&ws)
	ws.peer.peerImpl = &ws
	if t.haveInfo() {
		ws.onGotInfo(t.info)
	}
	t.webSeeds[url] = &ws.peer
}

func (t *Torrent) peerIsActive(p *Peer) (active bool) {
	t.iterPeers(func(p1 *Peer) {
		if p1 == p {
			active = true
		}
	})
	return
}

func (t *Torrent) requestIndexToRequest(ri RequestIndex) Request {
	index := ri / t.chunksPerRegularPiece()
	return Request{
		pp.Integer(index),
		t.piece(int(index)).chunkIndexSpec(ri % t.chunksPerRegularPiece()),
	}
}

func (t *Torrent) requestIndexFromRequest(r Request) RequestIndex {
	return t.pieceRequestIndexOffset(pieceIndex(r.Index)) + uint32(r.Begin/t.chunkSize)
}

func (t *Torrent) pieceRequestIndexOffset(piece pieceIndex) RequestIndex {
	return RequestIndex(piece) * t.chunksPerRegularPiece()
}

func (t *Torrent) updateComplete() {
	t.Complete.SetBool(t.haveAllPieces())
}

func (t *Torrent) cancelRequest(r RequestIndex) *Peer {
	p := t.pendingRequests[r]
	if p != nil {
		p.cancel(r)
	}
	delete(t.pendingRequests, r)
	return p
}

func (t *Torrent) requestingPeer(r RequestIndex) *Peer {
	return t.pendingRequests[r]
}

func (t *Torrent) addConnWithAllPieces(p *Peer) {
	if t.connsWithAllPieces == nil {
		t.connsWithAllPieces = make(map[*Peer]struct{}, t.maxEstablishedConns)
	}
	t.connsWithAllPieces[p] = struct{}{}
}

func (t *Torrent) deleteConnWithAllPieces(p *Peer) bool {
	_, ok := t.connsWithAllPieces[p]
	delete(t.connsWithAllPieces, p)
	return ok
}

func (t *Torrent) numActivePeers() int {
	return len(t.conns) + len(t.webSeeds)
}

func (t *Torrent) hasStorageCap() bool {
	f := t.storage.Capacity
	if f == nil {
		return false
	}
	_, ok := (*f)()
	return ok
}