In the private pathlib ABCs, support write-only virtual filesystems by
making `WritablePath` inherit directly from `JoinablePath`, rather than
subclassing `ReadablePath`.
There are two complications:
- `ReadablePath.open()` applies to both reading and writing
- `ReadablePath.copy` is secretly an object that supports the *read* side
of copying, whereas `WritablePath.copy` is a different kind of object
supporting the *write* side
We untangle these as follow:
- A new `pathlib._abc.magic_open()` function replaces the `open()` method,
which is dropped from the ABCs but remains in `pathlib.Path`. The
function works like `io.open()`, but additionally accepts objects with
`__open_rb__()` or `__open_wb__()` methods as appropriate for the mode.
These new dunders are made abstract methods of `ReadablePath` and
`WritablePath` respectively. If the pathlib ABCs are made public, we
could consider blessing an "openable" protocol and supporting it in
`io.open()`, removing the need for `pathlib._abc.magic_open()`.
- `ReadablePath.copy` becomes a true method, whereas `WritablePath.copy` is
deleted. A new `ReadablePath._copy_reader` property provides a
`CopyReader` object, and similarly `WritablePath._copy_writer` is a
`CopyWriter` object. Once GH-125413 is resolved, we'll be able to move
the `CopyReader` functionality into `ReadablePath.info` and eliminate
`ReadablePath._copy_reader`.
In the private pathlib ABCs, rename `PurePathBase` to `JoinablePath`, and
split `PathBase` into `ReadablePath` and `WritablePath`. This improves the
API fit for read-only virtual filesystems.
The split of `PathBase` entails a similar split of `CopyWorker` (implements
copying) and the test cases in `test_pathlib_abc`.
In a later patch, we'll make `WritablePath` inherit directly from
`JoinablePath` rather than `ReadablePath`. For a couple of reasons,
this isn't quite possible yet.
In the tests for `pathlib.Path.walk()`, avoid using the path class under
test (`self.cls`) in test setup. Instead we use `os` functions in
`test_pathlib`, and direct manipulation of `DummyPath` internal data in
`test_pathlib_abc`.
These methods combine `_delete()` and `copy()`, but `_delete()` isn't part
of the public interface, and it's unlikely to be added until the pathlib
ABCs are made official, or perhaps even later.
Remove `PurePathBase.relative_to()` and `is_relative_to()` because they
don't account for *other* being an entirely different kind of path, and
they can't use `__eq__()` because it's not on the `PurePathBase` interface.
Remove `PurePathBase.drive`, `root`, `is_absolute()` and `as_posix()`.
These are all too specific to local filesystems.
Remove the `PathBase.stat()` method. Its use of the `os.stat_result` API,
with its 10 mandatory fields and low-level types, makes it an awkward fit
for virtual filesystems.
We'll look to add a `PathBase.info` attribute later - see GH-125413.
In the pathlib tests, avoid using the path class under test (`self.cls`) in
test setup. Instead we use `os` functions in `test_pathlib`, and direct
manipulation of `DummyPath` internal data in `test_pathlib_abc`.
Remove the `PurePathBase` initializer, and make `with_segments()` and
`__str__()` abstract. This allows us to drop the `_raw_paths` attribute,
and also the `Parser.join()` protocol method.
This method helped us customise the `UnsupportedOperation` message
depending on the type. But we're aiming to make `PathBase` a proper ABC
soon, so `NotImplementedError` is the right exception to raise there.
Remove the following methods from `pathlib._abc.PathBase`:
- `expanduser()`
- `hardlink_to()`
- `touch()`
- `chmod()`
- `lchmod()`
- `owner()`
- `group()`
- `from_uri()`
- `as_uri()`
These operations aren't regularly supported in virtual filesystems, so they
don't win a place in the `PathBase` interface. (Some of them probably don't
deserve a place in `Path` :P.) They're quasi-abstract (except `lchmod()`),
and they're not called by other `PathBase` methods.
Remove `PathBase.samefile()`, which is fairly specific to the local FS, and
relies on `stat()`, which we're aiming to remove from `PathBase`.
Also remove `PathBase.is_mount()`, `is_junction()`, `is_block_device()`,
`is_char_device()`, `is_fifo()` and `is_socket()`. These rely on POSIX
file type numbers that we're aiming to remove from the `PathBase` API.
Change the default value of `PurePathBase.parser` from `ParserBase()` to
`posixpath`. As a result, user subclasses of `PurePathBase` and `PathBase`
use POSIX path syntax by default, which is very often desirable.
Move `pathlib._abc.ParserBase` to `pathlib._types.Parser`, and convert it
to a runtime-checkable protocol.
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Virtual filesystems don't always make a distinction between deleting files
and empty directories, and sometimes support deleting non-empty directories
in a single operation. Here we remove `PathBase.unlink()` and `rmdir()`,
leaving `_delete()` as the sole deletion method, now made abstract. I hope
to drop the underscore prefix later on.
Remove our implementation of POSIX path resolution in `PathBase.resolve()`.
This functionality is rather fragile and isn't necessary in most cases. It
depends on `PathBase.stat()`, which we're looking to remove.
Also remove `PathBase.absolute()`. Many legitimate virtual filesystems lack
the notion of a 'current directory', so it's wrong to include in the basic
interface.
Remove documentation for `pathlib.Path.scandir()`, and rename the method to
`_scandir()`. In the private pathlib ABCs, make `iterdir()` abstract and
call it from `_scandir()`.
It's not worthwhile to add this method at the moment - see discussion:
https://discuss.python.org/t/ergonomics-of-new-pathlib-path-scandir/71721
Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@microsoft.com>
These classmethods presume that the user has retained the original
`__init__()` signature, which may not be the case. Also, many virtual
filesystems don't provide current or home directories.
Move tests for Path.walk() into a new PathWalkTest class, and apply a similar change in tests for the ABCs. This allows us to properly tear down the walk test hierarchy in tearDown(), rather than leaving it to os_helper.rmtree().
In `PathBase.resolve()`, raise `UnsupportedOperation` if a non-POSIX path
parser is used (our implementation uses `posixpath._realpath()`, which
produces incorrect results for non-POSIX path flavours.) Also tweak code to
call `self.absolute()` upfront rather than supplying an emulated `getcwd()`
function.
Adjust `PathBase.absolute()` to work somewhat like `resolve()`. If a POSIX
path parser is used, we treat the root directory as the current directory.
This is the simplest useful behaviour for concrete path types without a
current directory cursor.
In the past I've equivocated about whether to require at least one argument
in the `PurePathBase` (and `PathBase`) initializer, and what the default
should be if we make it optional. I now have a local use case that has
persuaded me to make it optional and default to the empty string (a
`zipp.Path`-like class that treats relative and absolute paths similarly.)
Happily this brings the base class more in line with `PurePath` and `Path`.
Defer joining of path segments in the private `PurePathBase` ABC. The new
behaviour matches how the public `PurePath` class handles path segments.
This removes a hard-to-grok difference between the ABCs and the main
classes. It also slightly reduces the size of `PurePath` objects by
eliminating a `_raw_path` slot.
Use the new `PathBase.scandir()` method in `PathBase.walk()`, which greatly
reduces the number of `PathBase.stat()` calls needed when walking.
There are no user-facing changes, because the pathlib ABCs are still
private and `Path.walk()` doesn't use the implementation in its superclass.
Use the new `PathBase.scandir()` method in `PathBase.glob()`, which greatly
reduces the number of `PathBase.stat()` calls needed when globbing.
There are no user-facing changes, because the pathlib ABCs are still
private and `Path.glob()` doesn't use the implementation in its superclass.
Add `pathlib.Path.scandir()` as a trivial wrapper of `os.scandir()`. This
will be used to implement several `PathBase` methods more efficiently,
including methods that provide `Path.copy()`.
Remove *ignore* and *on_error* arguments from `pathlib.Path.copy[_into]()`,
because these arguments are under-designed. Specifically:
- *ignore* is appropriated from `shutil.copytree()`, but it's not clear
how it should apply when the user copies a non-directory. We've changed
the callback signature from the `shutil` version, but I'm not confident
the new signature is as good as it can be.
- *on_error* is a generalisation of `shutil.copytree()`'s error handling,
which is to accumulate exceptions and raise a single `shutil.Error` at
the end. It's not obvious which solution is better.
Additionally, this arguments may be challenging to implement in future user
subclasses of `PathBase`, which might utilise a native recursive copying
method.
Per feedback from Paul Moore on GH-123158, it's better to defer making
`Path.delete()` public than ship it with under-designed error handling
capabilities.
We leave a remnant `_delete()` method, which is used by `move()`. Any
functionality not needed by `move()` is deleted.
These two methods accept an *existing* directory path, onto which we join
the source path's base name to form the final target path.
A possible alternative implementation is to check for directories in
`copy()` and `move()` and adjust the target path, which is done in several
`shutil` functions. This behaviour is helpful in a shell context, but
less so in a stored program that explicitly specifies destinations. For
example, a user that calls `Path('foo.py').copy('bar.py')` might not
imagine that `bar.py/foo.py` would be created, but under the alternative
implementation this will happen if `bar.py` is an existing directory.
Add a `Path.move()` method that moves a file or directory tree, and returns a new `Path` instance pointing to the target.
This method is similar to `shutil.move()`, except that it doesn't accept a *copy_function* argument, and it doesn't check whether the destination is an existing directory.
`Path.read_bytes()` is used to read a whole file. buffering /
BufferedIO is focused around making small, possibly interleaved,
read/write efficient which doesn't add value in this case.
On my Mac, running the benchmark:
```python
import pyperf
from pathlib import Path
def read_all(all_paths):
for p in all_paths:
p.read_bytes()
def read_file(path_obj):
path_obj.read_bytes()
all_rst = list(Path("Doc").glob("**/*.rst"))
all_py = list(Path(".").glob("**/*.py"))
assert all_rst, "Should have found rst files"
assert all_py, "Should have found python source files"
runner = pyperf.Runner()
runner.bench_func("read_file_small", read_file, Path("Doc/howto/clinic.rst"))
runner.bench_func("read_file_large", read_file, Path("Doc/c-api/typeobj.rst"))
```
before:
```python
.....................
read_file_small: Mean +- std dev: 6.80 us +- 0.07 us
.....................
read_file_large: Mean +- std dev: 10.8 us +- 0.2 us
````
after:
```python
.....................
read_file_small: Mean +- std dev: 5.67 us +- 0.05 us
.....................
read_file_large: Mean +- std dev: 9.77 us +- 0.52 us
```
Rename `pathlib.Path.copy()` to `_copy_file()` (i.e. make it private.)
Rename `pathlib.Path.copytree()` to `copy()`, and add support for copying
non-directories. This simplifies the interface for users, and nicely
complements the upcoming `move()` and `delete()` methods (which will also
accept any type of file.)
Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
Rename `pathlib.Path.rmtree()` to `delete()`, and add support for deleting
non-directories. This simplifies the interface for users, and nicely
complements the upcoming `move()` and `copy()` methods (which will also
accept any type of file.)
Add a `Path.rmtree()` method that removes an entire directory tree, like
`shutil.rmtree()`. The signature of the optional *on_error* argument
matches the `Path.walk()` argument of the same name, but differs from the
*onexc* and *onerror* arguments to `shutil.rmtree()`. Consistency within
pathlib is probably more important.
In the private pathlib ABCs, we add an implementation based on `walk()`.
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Check for `ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER` when calling `_winapi.CopyFile2()` and
raise `UnsupportedOperation`. In `Path.copy()`, handle this exception and
fall back to the `PathBase.copy()` implementation.
Add `pathlib.Path.copytree()` method, which recursively copies one
directory to another.
This differs from `shutil.copytree()` in the following respects:
1. Our method has a *follow_symlinks* argument, whereas shutil's has a
*symlinks* argument with an inverted meaning.
2. Our method lacks something like a *copy_function* argument. It always
uses `Path.copy()` to copy files.
3. Our method lacks something like a *ignore_dangling_symlinks* argument.
Instead, users can filter out danging symlinks with *ignore*, or
ignore exceptions with *on_error*
4. Our *ignore* argument is a callable that accepts a single path object,
whereas shutil's accepts a path and a list of child filenames.
5. We add an *on_error* argument, which is a callable that accepts
an `OSError` instance. (`Path.walk()` also accepts such a callable).
Co-authored-by: Nice Zombies <nineteendo19d0@gmail.com>
Add support for not following symlinks in `pathlib.Path.copy()`.
On Windows we add the `COPY_FILE_COPY_SYMLINK` flag is following symlinks is disabled. If the source is symlink to a directory, this call will fail with `ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED`. In this case we add `COPY_FILE_DIRECTORY` to the flags and retry. This can fail on old Windowses, which we note in the docs.
No news as `copy()` was only just added.
In preparation for the addition of `PathBase.rmtree()`, implement
`DummyPath.unlink()` and `rmdir()`, and move corresponding tests into
`test_pathlib_abc` so they're run against `DummyPath`.
Add a `Path.copy()` method that copies the content of one file to another.
This method is similar to `shutil.copyfile()` but differs in the following ways:
- Uses `fcntl.FICLONE` where available (see GH-81338)
- Uses `os.copy_file_range` where available (see GH-81340)
- Uses `_winapi.CopyFile2` where available, even though this copies more metadata than the other implementations. This makes `WindowsPath.copy()` more similar to `shutil.copy2()`.
The method is presently _less_ specified than the `shutil` functions to allow OS-specific optimizations that might copy more or less metadata.
Incorporates code from GH-81338 and GH-93152.
Co-authored-by: Eryk Sun <eryksun@gmail.com>
pathlib now treats "`.`" as a valid file extension (suffix). This brings
it in line with `os.path.splitext()`.
In the (private) pathlib ABCs, we add a new `ParserBase.splitext()` method
that splits a path into a `(root, ext)` pair, like `os.path.splitext()`.
This method is called by `PurePathBase.stem`, `suffix`, etc. In a future
version of pathlib, we might make these base classes public, and so users
will be able to define their own `splitext()` method to control file
extension splitting.
In `pathlib.PurePath` we add optimised `stem`, `suffix` and `suffixes`
properties that don't use `splitext()`, which avoids computing the path
base name twice.
Since 6258844c, paths that might not exist can be fed into pathlib's
globbing implementation, which will call `os.scandir()` / `os.lstat()` only
when strictly necessary. This allows us to drop an initial `self.is_dir()`
call, which saves a `stat()`.
Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>
Don't bother calling `os.scandir()` to scan for literal pattern segments,
like `foo` in `foo/*.py`. Instead, append the segment(s) as-is and call
through to the next selector with `exists=False`, which signals that the
path might not exist. Subsequent selectors will call `os.scandir()` or
`os.lstat()` to filter out missing paths as needed.
Replace tri-state `follow_symlinks` with boolean `recurse_symlinks` argument. The new argument controls whether symlinks are followed when expanding recursive `**` wildcards. The possible argument values correspond as follows:
follow_symlinks recurse_symlinks
=============== ================
False N/A
None False
True True
We therefore drop support for not following symlinks when expanding non-recursive pattern parts; it wasn't requested in the original issue, and it's a feature not found in any shells.
This makes the API a easier to grok by eliminating `None` as an option.
No news blurb as `follow_symlinks` was new in 3.13.
Stop raising `ValueError` from `glob.translate()` when a `**` sub-string
appears in a non-recursive pattern segment. This matches `glob.glob()`
behaviour.
Switch the default value of *follow_symlinks* from `None` to `True` in
`pathlib._abc.PathBase.glob()` and `rglob()`. This speeds up recursive
globbing.
No change to the public pathlib classes.
When expanding `**` wildcards, ensure we add a trailing slash to the
topmost directory path. This matches `glob.glob()` behaviour:
>>> glob.glob('dirA/**', recursive=True)
['dirA/', 'dirA/dirB', 'dirA/dirB/dirC']
This does not affect `pathlib.Path.glob()`, because trailing slashes aren't
supported in pathlib proper.
Barney Gale