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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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2008-04-24 01:08:31 +08:00
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<body>
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<h1 >Connection URIs</h1>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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<ul id="toc"></ul>
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2008-04-24 01:08:31 +08:00
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<p>
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Since libvirt supports many different kinds of virtualization
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(often referred to as "drivers" or "hypervisors"), we need a
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way to be able to specify which driver a connection refers to.
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Additionally we may want to refer to a driver on a remote
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machine over the network.
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</p>
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<p>
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To this end, libvirt uses URIs as used on the Web and as defined in <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. This page
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documents libvirt URIs.
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</p>
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<h2><a id="URI_libvirt">Specifying URIs to libvirt</a></h2>
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<p>
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2014-12-01 21:36:13 +08:00
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The URI is passed as the <code>name</code> parameter to
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<a href="html/libvirt-libvirt-host.html#virConnectOpen">
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<code>virConnectOpen</code>
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</a>
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or
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<a href="html/libvirt-libvirt-host.html#virConnectOpenReadOnly">
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<code>virConnectOpenReadOnly</code>
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</a>.
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For example:
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</p>
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<pre>
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virConnectPtr conn = virConnectOpenReadOnly (<b>"test:///default"</b>);
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</pre>
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<h2>
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<a id="URI_config">Configuring URI aliases</a>
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</h2>
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<p>
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To simplify life for administrators, it is possible to setup URI aliases in a
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libvirt client configuration file. The configuration file is <code>/etc/libvirt/libvirt.conf</code>
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for the root user, or <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/libvirt/libvirt.conf</code> for any unprivileged user.
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In this file, the following syntax can be used to setup aliases
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</p>
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<pre>
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uri_aliases = [
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"hail=qemu+ssh://root@hail.cloud.example.com/system",
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"sleet=qemu+ssh://root@sleet.cloud.example.com/system",
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]
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</pre>
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<p>
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A URI alias should be a string made up from the characters
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<code>a-Z, 0-9, _, -</code>. Following the <code>=</code>
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can be any libvirt URI string, including arbitrary URI parameters.
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URI aliases will apply to any application opening a libvirt
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connection, unless it has explicitly passed the <code>VIR_CONNECT_NO_ALIASES</code>
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parameter to <code>virConnectOpenAuth</code>. If the passed in
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URI contains characters outside the allowed alias character
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set, no alias lookup will be attempted.
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</p>
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<h2><a id="URI_default">Default URI choice</a></h2>
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<p>
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If the URI passed to <code>virConnectOpen*</code> is NULL, then libvirt will use the following
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logic to determine what URI to use.
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</p>
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<ol>
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<li>The environment variable <code>LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI</code></li>
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<li>The client configuration file <code>uri_default</code> parameter</li>
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<li>Probe each hypervisor in turn until one that works is found</li>
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</ol>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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<h2>
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<a id="URI_virsh">Specifying URIs to virsh, virt-manager and virt-install</a>
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</h2>
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<p>
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In virsh use the <code>-c</code> or <code>--connect</code> option:
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</p>
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<pre>
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virsh <b>-c test:///default</b> list
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</pre>
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<p>
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If virsh finds the environment variable
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<code>VIRSH_DEFAULT_CONNECT_URI</code> set, it will try this URI by
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default. Use of this environment variable is, however, deprecated
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now that libvirt supports <code>LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI</code> itself.
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</p>
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<p>
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When using the interactive virsh shell, you can also use the
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<code>connect</code> <i>URI</i> command to reconnect to another
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hypervisor.
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</p>
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<p>
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In virt-manager use the <code>-c</code> or <code>--connect=</code><i>URI</i> option:
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</p>
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<pre>
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virt-manager <b>-c test:///default</b>
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</pre>
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<p>
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In virt-install use the <code>--connect=</code><i>URI</i> option:
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</p>
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<pre>
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virt-install <b>--connect=test:///default</b> <i>[other options]</i>
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</pre>
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<h2>
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<a id="URI_xen">xen:///system URI</a>
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</h2>
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<p>
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<i>This section describes a feature which is new in libvirt >
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0.2.3. For libvirt ≤ 0.2.3 use <a href="#URI_legacy_xen"><code>"xen"</code></a>.</i>
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</p>
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<p>
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To access a Xen hypervisor running on the local machine
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use the URI <code>xen:///system</code>.
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</p>
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<h2>
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<a id="URI_qemu">qemu:///... QEMU and KVM URIs</a>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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</h2>
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2008-04-24 01:08:31 +08:00
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<p>
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To use QEMU support in libvirt you must be running the
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<code>libvirtd</code> daemon (named <code>libvirt_qemud</code>
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in releases prior to 0.3.0). The purpose of this
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daemon is to manage qemu instances.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>libvirtd</code> daemon should be started by the
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init scripts when the machine boots. It should appear as
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a process <code>libvirtd --daemon</code> running as root
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in the background and will handle qemu instances on behalf
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of all users of the machine (among other things). </p>
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<p>
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So to connect to the daemon, one of two different URIs is used:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>qemu:///system</code> connects to a system mode daemon. </li>
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<li><code>qemu:///session</code> connects to a session mode daemon. </li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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(If you do <code>libvirtd --help</code>, the daemon will print
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out the paths of the Unix domain socket(s) that it listens on in
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the various different modes).
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</p>
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<p>
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KVM URIs are identical. You select between qemu, qemu accelerated and
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KVM guests in the <a href="format.html#KVM1">guest XML as described
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here</a>.
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</p>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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<h2>
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2017-07-26 22:52:42 +08:00
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<a id="URI_remote">Remote URIs</a>
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</h2>
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<p>
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Remote URIs are formed by taking ordinary local URIs and adding a
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2008-11-28 20:03:20 +08:00
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hostname and/or transport name. As a special case, using a URI
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scheme of 'remote', will tell the remote libvirtd server to probe
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for the optimal hypervisor driver. This is equivalent to passing
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a NULL URI for a local connection. For example:
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</p>
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<table class="top_table">
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<tr>
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<th> Local URI </th>
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<th> Remote URI </th>
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<th> Meaning </th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>xen:///system</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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<code>xen://oirase/system</code>
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</td>
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<td> Connect to the Xen hypervisor running on host <code>oirase</code>
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using TLS. </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>NULL</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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<code>remote://oirase/</code>
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</td>
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<td> Connect to the "default" hypervisor running on host <code>oirase</code>
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using TLS. </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>xen:///system</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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2018-03-27 21:32:07 +08:00
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<code>xen+ssh://oirase/system</code>
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</td>
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<td> Connect to the Xen hypervisor running on host <code>oirase</code>
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by going over an <code>ssh</code> connection. </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>test:///default</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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<code>test+tcp://oirase/default</code>
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</td>
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<td> Connect to the test driver on host <code>oirase</code>
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using an unsecured TCP connection. </td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>
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Remote URIs in libvirt offer a rich syntax and many features.
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We refer you to <a href="remote.html#Remote_URI_reference">the libvirt
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remote URI reference</a> and <a href="remote.html">full documentation
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for libvirt remote support</a>.
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</p>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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<h2>
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2017-07-26 22:52:42 +08:00
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<a id="URI_test">test:///... Test URIs</a>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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</h2>
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2008-04-24 01:08:31 +08:00
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<p>
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The test driver is a dummy hypervisor for test purposes.
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The URIs supported are:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>test:///default</code> connects to a default set of
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host definitions built into the driver. </li>
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<li><code>test:///path/to/host/definitions</code> connects to
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a set of host definitions held in the named file.
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</li>
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</ul>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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<h2>
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<a id="URI_legacy">Other & legacy URI formats</a>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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</h2>
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<h3>
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<a id="URI_NULL">NULL and empty string URIs</a>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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</h3>
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2008-04-24 01:08:31 +08:00
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<p>
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Libvirt allows you to pass a <code>NULL</code> pointer to
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<code>virConnectOpen*</code>. Empty string (<code>""</code>) acts in
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the same way. Traditionally this has meant
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<q>connect to the local Xen hypervisor</q>. However in future this
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may change to mean <q>connect to the best available hypervisor</q>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The theory is that if, for example, Xen is unavailable but the
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machine is running an OpenVZ kernel, then we should not try to
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connect to the Xen hypervisor since that is obviously the wrong
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thing to do.
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</p>
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<p>
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In any case applications linked to libvirt can continue to pass
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<code>NULL</code> as a default choice, but should always allow the
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user to override the URI, either by constructing one or by allowing
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the user to type a URI in directly (if that is appropriate). If your
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application wishes to connect specifically to a Xen hypervisor, then
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for future proofing it should choose a full <a href="#URI_xen"><code>xen:///system</code> URI</a>.
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2008-04-24 01:08:31 +08:00
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</p>
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2011-10-13 18:49:45 +08:00
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<h3>
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<a id="URI_legacy_xen">Legacy: <code>"xen"</code></a>
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</h3>
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<p>
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Another legacy URI is to specify name as the string
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<code>"xen"</code>. This will continue to refer to the Xen
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hypervisor. However you should prefer a full <a href="#URI_xen"><code>xen:///system</code> URI</a> in all future code.
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2008-04-24 01:08:31 +08:00
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</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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