License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 22:07:57 +08:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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#ifndef _LINUX_UML_INIT_H
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#define _LINUX_UML_INIT_H
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/* These macros are used to mark some functions or
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* initialized data (doesn't apply to uninitialized data)
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* as `initialization' functions. The kernel can take this
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* as hint that the function is used only during the initialization
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* phase and free up used memory resources after
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*
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* Usage:
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* For functions:
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*
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* You should add __init immediately before the function name, like:
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*
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* static void __init initme(int x, int y)
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* {
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* extern int z; z = x * y;
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* }
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*
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* If the function has a prototype somewhere, you can also add
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* __init between closing brace of the prototype and semicolon:
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*
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* extern int initialize_foobar_device(int, int, int) __init;
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*
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* For initialized data:
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* You should insert __initdata between the variable name and equal
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* sign followed by value, e.g.:
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*
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* static int init_variable __initdata = 0;
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2009-06-17 06:34:19 +08:00
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* static const char linux_logo[] __initconst = { 0x32, 0x36, ... };
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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*
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* Don't forget to initialize data not at file scope, i.e. within a function,
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* as gcc otherwise puts the data into the bss section and not into the init
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* section.
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*
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* Also note, that this data cannot be "const".
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*/
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#ifndef _LINUX_INIT_H
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typedef int (*initcall_t)(void);
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typedef void (*exitcall_t)(void);
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linux/compiler.h: Split into compiler.h and compiler_types.h
linux/compiler.h is included indirectly by linux/types.h via
uapi/linux/types.h -> uapi/linux/posix_types.h -> linux/stddef.h
-> uapi/linux/stddef.h and is needed to provide a proper definition of
offsetof.
Unfortunately, compiler.h requires a definition of
smp_read_barrier_depends() for defining lockless_dereference() and soon
for defining READ_ONCE(), which means that all
users of READ_ONCE() will need to include asm/barrier.h to avoid splats
such as:
In file included from include/uapi/linux/stddef.h:1:0,
from include/linux/stddef.h:4,
from arch/h8300/kernel/asm-offsets.c:11:
include/linux/list.h: In function 'list_empty':
>> include/linux/compiler.h:343:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'smp_read_barrier_depends' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
smp_read_barrier_depends(); /* Enforce dependency ordering from x */ \
^
A better alternative is to include asm/barrier.h in linux/compiler.h,
but this requires a type definition for "bool" on some architectures
(e.g. x86), which is defined later by linux/types.h. Type "bool" is also
used directly in linux/compiler.h, so the whole thing is pretty fragile.
This patch splits compiler.h in two: compiler_types.h contains type
annotations, definitions and the compiler-specific parts, whereas
compiler.h #includes compiler-types.h and additionally defines macros
such as {READ,WRITE.ACCESS}_ONCE().
uapi/linux/stddef.h and linux/linkage.h are then moved over to include
linux/compiler_types.h, which fixes the build for h8 and blackfin.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508840570-22169-2-git-send-email-will.deacon@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-10-24 18:22:46 +08:00
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#include <linux/compiler_types.h>
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2015-06-01 04:15:58 +08:00
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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/* These are for everybody (although not all archs will actually
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discard it in modules) */
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2008-01-25 05:16:20 +08:00
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#define __init __section(.init.text)
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#define __initdata __section(.init.data)
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#define __exitdata __section(.exit.data)
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#define __exit_call __used __section(.exitcall.exit)
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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#ifdef MODULE
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2008-01-25 05:16:20 +08:00
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#define __exit __section(.exit.text)
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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#else
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2008-01-25 05:16:20 +08:00
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#define __exit __used __section(.exit.text)
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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#endif
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#endif
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#ifndef MODULE
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struct uml_param {
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const char *str;
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int (*setup_func)(char *, int *);
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};
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extern initcall_t __uml_initcall_start, __uml_initcall_end;
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extern initcall_t __uml_postsetup_start, __uml_postsetup_end;
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extern const char *__uml_help_start, *__uml_help_end;
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#endif
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#define __uml_initcall(fn) \
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static initcall_t __uml_initcall_##fn __uml_init_call = fn
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#define __uml_exitcall(fn) \
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static exitcall_t __uml_exitcall_##fn __uml_exit_call = fn
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extern struct uml_param __uml_setup_start, __uml_setup_end;
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#define __uml_postsetup(fn) \
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static initcall_t __uml_postsetup_##fn __uml_postsetup_call = fn
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#define __non_empty_string(dummyname,string) \
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struct __uml_non_empty_string_struct_##dummyname \
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{ \
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char _string[sizeof(string)-2]; \
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}
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#ifndef MODULE
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#define __uml_setup(str, fn, help...) \
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__non_empty_string(fn ##_setup, str); \
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__uml_help(fn, help); \
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static char __uml_setup_str_##fn[] __initdata = str; \
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static struct uml_param __uml_setup_##fn __uml_init_setup = { __uml_setup_str_##fn, fn }
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#else
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#define __uml_setup(str, fn, help...) \
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#endif
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#define __uml_help(fn, help...) \
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__non_empty_string(fn ##__help, help); \
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static char __uml_help_str_##fn[] __initdata = help; \
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static const char *__uml_help_##fn __uml_setup_help = __uml_help_str_##fn
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/*
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* Mark functions and data as being only used at initialization
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* or exit time.
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*/
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2008-01-25 05:16:20 +08:00
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#define __uml_init_setup __used __section(.uml.setup.init)
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#define __uml_setup_help __used __section(.uml.help.init)
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#define __uml_init_call __used __section(.uml.initcall.init)
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#define __uml_postsetup_call __used __section(.uml.postsetup.init)
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#define __uml_exit_call __used __section(.uml.exitcall.exit)
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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2015-06-01 01:50:57 +08:00
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#ifdef __UM_HOST__
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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2005-09-04 06:57:45 +08:00
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#define __define_initcall(level,fn) \
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2008-01-25 05:16:20 +08:00
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static initcall_t __initcall_##fn __used \
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2005-09-04 06:57:45 +08:00
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__attribute__((__section__(".initcall" level ".init"))) = fn
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/* Userspace initcalls shouldn't depend on anything in the kernel, so we'll
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* make them run first.
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*/
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#define __initcall(fn) __define_initcall("1", fn)
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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#define __exitcall(fn) static exitcall_t __exitcall_##fn __exit_call = fn
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2008-01-25 05:16:20 +08:00
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#define __init_call __used __section(.initcall.init)
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2005-04-17 06:20:36 +08:00
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#endif
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#endif /* _LINUX_UML_INIT_H */
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