linux/net/ipv4/Makefile

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#
# Makefile for the Linux TCP/IP (INET) layer.
#
obj-y := route.o inetpeer.o protocol.o \
ip_input.o ip_fragment.o ip_forward.o ip_options.o \
ip_output.o ip_sockglue.o inet_hashtables.o \
inet_timewait_sock.o inet_connection_sock.o \
tcp.o tcp_input.o tcp_output.o tcp_timer.o tcp_ipv4.o \
tcp_minisocks.o tcp_cong.o tcp_metrics.o tcp_fastopen.o \
tcp: track the packet timings in RACK This patch is the first half of the RACK loss recovery. RACK loss recovery uses the notion of time instead of packet sequence (FACK) or counts (dupthresh). It's inspired by the previous FACK heuristic in tcp_mark_lost_retrans(): when a limited transmit (new data packet) is sacked, then current retransmitted sequence below the newly sacked sequence must been lost, since at least one round trip time has elapsed. But it has several limitations: 1) can't detect tail drops since it depends on limited transmit 2) is disabled upon reordering (assumes no reordering) 3) only enabled in fast recovery ut not timeout recovery RACK (Recently ACK) addresses these limitations with the notion of time instead: a packet P1 is lost if a later packet P2 is s/acked, as at least one round trip has passed. Since RACK cares about the time sequence instead of the data sequence of packets, it can detect tail drops when later retransmission is s/acked while FACK or dupthresh can't. For reordering RACK uses a dynamically adjusted reordering window ("reo_wnd") to reduce false positives on ever (small) degree of reordering. This patch implements tcp_advanced_rack() which tracks the most recent transmission time among the packets that have been delivered (ACKed or SACKed) in tp->rack.mstamp. This timestamp is the key to determine which packet has been lost. Consider an example that the sender sends six packets: T1: P1 (lost) T2: P2 T3: P3 T4: P4 T100: sack of P2. rack.mstamp = T2 T101: retransmit P1 T102: sack of P2,P3,P4. rack.mstamp = T4 T205: ACK of P4 since the hole is repaired. rack.mstamp = T101 We need to be careful about spurious retransmission because it may falsely advance tp->rack.mstamp by an RTT or an RTO, causing RACK to falsely mark all packets lost, just like a spurious timeout. We identify spurious retransmission by the ACK's TS echo value. If TS option is not applicable but the retransmission is acknowledged less than min-RTT ago, it is likely to be spurious. We refrain from using the transmission time of these spurious retransmissions. The second half is implemented in the next patch that marks packet lost using RACK timestamp. Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com> Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2015-10-17 12:57:46 +08:00
tcp_recovery.o \
tcp_offload.o datagram.o raw.o udp.o udplite.o \
udp_offload.o arp.o icmp.o devinet.o af_inet.o igmp.o \
fib_frontend.o fib_semantics.o fib_trie.o \
inet_fragment.o ping.o ip_tunnel_core.o gre_offload.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NET_IP_TUNNEL) += ip_tunnel.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SYSCTL) += sysctl_net_ipv4.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PROC_FS) += proc.o
obj-$(CONFIG_IP_MULTIPLE_TABLES) += fib_rules.o
obj-$(CONFIG_IP_MROUTE) += ipmr.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NET_IPIP) += ipip.o
gre-y := gre_demux.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NET_FOU) += fou.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NET_IPGRE_DEMUX) += gre.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NET_IPGRE) += ip_gre.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NET_UDP_TUNNEL) += udp_tunnel.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NET_IPVTI) += ip_vti.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SYN_COOKIES) += syncookies.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_AH) += ah4.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_ESP) += esp4.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_IPCOMP) += ipcomp.o
[INET]: Introduce tunnel4/tunnel6 Basically this patch moves the generic tunnel protocol stuff out of xfrm4_tunnel/xfrm6_tunnel and moves it into the new files of tunnel4.c and tunnel6 respectively. The reason for this is that the problem that Hugo uncovered is only the tip of the iceberg. The real problem is that when we removed the dependency of ipip on xfrm4_tunnel we didn't really consider the module case at all. For instance, as it is it's possible to build both ipip and xfrm4_tunnel as modules and if the latter is loaded then ipip simply won't load. After considering the alternatives I've decided that the best way out of this is to restore the dependency of ipip on the non-xfrm-specific part of xfrm4_tunnel. This is acceptable IMHO because the intention of the removal was really to be able to use ipip without the xfrm subsystem. This is still preserved by this patch. So now both ipip/xfrm4_tunnel depend on the new tunnel4.c which handles the arbitration between the two. The order of processing is determined by a simple integer which ensures that ipip gets processed before xfrm4_tunnel. The situation for ICMP handling is a little bit more complicated since we may not have enough information to determine who it's for. It's not a big deal at the moment since the xfrm ICMP handlers are basically no-ops. In future we can deal with this when we look at ICMP caching in general. The user-visible change to this is the removal of the TUNNEL Kconfig prompts. This makes sense because it can only be used through IPCOMP as it stands. The addition of the new modules shouldn't introduce any problems since module dependency will cause them to be loaded. Oh and I also turned some unnecessary pskb's in IPv6 related to this patch to skb's. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2006-03-28 17:12:13 +08:00
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_XFRM_TUNNEL) += xfrm4_tunnel.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_XFRM_MODE_BEET) += xfrm4_mode_beet.o
[INET]: Introduce tunnel4/tunnel6 Basically this patch moves the generic tunnel protocol stuff out of xfrm4_tunnel/xfrm6_tunnel and moves it into the new files of tunnel4.c and tunnel6 respectively. The reason for this is that the problem that Hugo uncovered is only the tip of the iceberg. The real problem is that when we removed the dependency of ipip on xfrm4_tunnel we didn't really consider the module case at all. For instance, as it is it's possible to build both ipip and xfrm4_tunnel as modules and if the latter is loaded then ipip simply won't load. After considering the alternatives I've decided that the best way out of this is to restore the dependency of ipip on the non-xfrm-specific part of xfrm4_tunnel. This is acceptable IMHO because the intention of the removal was really to be able to use ipip without the xfrm subsystem. This is still preserved by this patch. So now both ipip/xfrm4_tunnel depend on the new tunnel4.c which handles the arbitration between the two. The order of processing is determined by a simple integer which ensures that ipip gets processed before xfrm4_tunnel. The situation for ICMP handling is a little bit more complicated since we may not have enough information to determine who it's for. It's not a big deal at the moment since the xfrm ICMP handlers are basically no-ops. In future we can deal with this when we look at ICMP caching in general. The user-visible change to this is the removal of the TUNNEL Kconfig prompts. This makes sense because it can only be used through IPCOMP as it stands. The addition of the new modules shouldn't introduce any problems since module dependency will cause them to be loaded. Oh and I also turned some unnecessary pskb's in IPv6 related to this patch to skb's. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2006-03-28 17:12:13 +08:00
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_TUNNEL) += tunnel4.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_XFRM_MODE_TRANSPORT) += xfrm4_mode_transport.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_XFRM_MODE_TUNNEL) += xfrm4_mode_tunnel.o
obj-$(CONFIG_IP_PNP) += ipconfig.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NETFILTER) += netfilter.o netfilter/
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_DIAG) += inet_diag.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_TCP_DIAG) += tcp_diag.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INET_UDP_DIAG) += udp_diag.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NET_TCPPROBE) += tcp_probe.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_BIC) += tcp_bic.o
tcp: add CDG congestion control CAIA Delay-Gradient (CDG) is a TCP congestion control that modifies the TCP sender in order to [1]: o Use the delay gradient as a congestion signal. o Back off with an average probability that is independent of the RTT. o Coexist with flows that use loss-based congestion control, i.e., flows that are unresponsive to the delay signal. o Tolerate packet loss unrelated to congestion. (Disabled by default.) Its FreeBSD implementation was presented for the ICCRG in July 2012; slides are available at http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/84/iccrg.html Running the experiment scenarios in [1] suggests that our implementation achieves more goodput compared with FreeBSD 10.0 senders, although it also causes more queueing delay for a given backoff factor. The loss tolerance heuristic is disabled by default due to safety concerns for its use in the Internet [2, p. 45-46]. We use a variant of the Hybrid Slow start algorithm in tcp_cubic to reduce the probability of slow start overshoot. [1] D.A. Hayes and G. Armitage. "Revisiting TCP congestion control using delay gradients." In Networking 2011, pages 328-341. Springer, 2011. [2] K.K. Jonassen. "Implementing CAIA Delay-Gradient in Linux." MSc thesis. Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 2015. Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com> Cc: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: David Hayes <davihay@ifi.uio.no> Cc: Andreas Petlund <apetlund@simula.no> Cc: Dave Taht <dave.taht@bufferbloat.net> Cc: Nicolas Kuhn <nicolas.kuhn@telecom-bretagne.eu> Signed-off-by: Kenneth Klette Jonassen <kennetkl@ifi.uio.no> Acked-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2015-06-11 01:08:17 +08:00
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_CDG) += tcp_cdg.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_CUBIC) += tcp_cubic.o
net: tcp: add DCTCP congestion control algorithm This work adds the DataCenter TCP (DCTCP) congestion control algorithm [1], which has been first published at SIGCOMM 2010 [2], resp. follow-up analysis at SIGMETRICS 2011 [3] (and also, more recently as an informational IETF draft available at [4]). DCTCP is an enhancement to the TCP congestion control algorithm for data center networks. Typical data center workloads are i.e. i) partition/aggregate (queries; bursty, delay sensitive), ii) short messages e.g. 50KB-1MB (for coordination and control state; delay sensitive), and iii) large flows e.g. 1MB-100MB (data update; throughput sensitive). DCTCP has therefore been designed for such environments to provide/achieve the following three requirements: * High burst tolerance (incast due to partition/aggregate) * Low latency (short flows, queries) * High throughput (continuous data updates, large file transfers) with commodity, shallow buffered switches The basic idea of its design consists of two fundamentals: i) on the switch side, packets are being marked when its internal queue length > threshold K (K is chosen so that a large enough headroom for marked traffic is still available in the switch queue); ii) the sender/host side maintains a moving average of the fraction of marked packets, so each RTT, F is being updated as follows: F := X / Y, where X is # of marked ACKs, Y is total # of ACKs alpha := (1 - g) * alpha + g * F, where g is a smoothing constant The resulting alpha (iow: probability that switch queue is congested) is then being used in order to adaptively decrease the congestion window W: W := (1 - (alpha / 2)) * W The means for receiving marked packets resp. marking them on switch side in DCTCP is the use of ECN. RFC3168 describes a mechanism for using Explicit Congestion Notification from the switch for early detection of congestion, rather than waiting for segment loss to occur. However, this method only detects the presence of congestion, not the *extent*. In the presence of mild congestion, it reduces the TCP congestion window too aggressively and unnecessarily affects the throughput of long flows [4]. DCTCP, as mentioned, enhances Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) processing to estimate the fraction of bytes that encounter congestion, rather than simply detecting that some congestion has occurred. DCTCP then scales the TCP congestion window based on this estimate [4], thus it can derive multibit feedback from the information present in the single-bit sequence of marks in its control law. And thus act in *proportion* to the extent of congestion, not its *presence*. Switches therefore set the Congestion Experienced (CE) codepoint in packets when internal queue lengths exceed threshold K. Resulting, DCTCP delivers the same or better throughput than normal TCP, while using 90% less buffer space. It was found in [2] that DCTCP enables the applications to handle 10x the current background traffic, without impacting foreground traffic. Moreover, a 10x increase in foreground traffic did not cause any timeouts, and thus largely eliminates TCP incast collapse problems. The algorithm itself has already seen deployments in large production data centers since then. We did a long-term stress-test and analysis in a data center, short summary of our TCP incast tests with iperf compared to cubic: This test measured DCTCP throughput and latency and compared it with CUBIC throughput and latency for an incast scenario. In this test, 19 senders sent at maximum rate to a single receiver. The receiver simply ran iperf -s. The senders ran iperf -c <receiver> -t 30. All senders started simultaneously (using local clocks synchronized by ntp). This test was repeated multiple times. Below shows the results from a single test. Other tests are similar. (DCTCP results were extremely consistent, CUBIC results show some variance induced by the TCP timeouts that CUBIC encountered.) For this test, we report statistics on the number of TCP timeouts, flow throughput, and traffic latency. 1) Timeouts (total over all flows, and per flow summaries): CUBIC DCTCP Total 3227 25 Mean 169.842 1.316 Median 183 1 Max 207 5 Min 123 0 Stddev 28.991 1.600 Timeout data is taken by measuring the net change in netstat -s "other TCP timeouts" reported. As a result, the timeout measurements above are not restricted to the test traffic, and we believe that it is likely that all of the "DCTCP timeouts" are actually timeouts for non-test traffic. We report them nevertheless. CUBIC will also include some non-test timeouts, but they are drawfed by bona fide test traffic timeouts for CUBIC. Clearly DCTCP does an excellent job of preventing TCP timeouts. DCTCP reduces timeouts by at least two orders of magnitude and may well have eliminated them in this scenario. 2) Throughput (per flow in Mbps): CUBIC DCTCP Mean 521.684 521.895 Median 464 523 Max 776 527 Min 403 519 Stddev 105.891 2.601 Fairness 0.962 0.999 Throughput data was simply the average throughput for each flow reported by iperf. By avoiding TCP timeouts, DCTCP is able to achieve much better per-flow results. In CUBIC, many flows experience TCP timeouts which makes flow throughput unpredictable and unfair. DCTCP, on the other hand, provides very clean predictable throughput without incurring TCP timeouts. Thus, the standard deviation of CUBIC throughput is dramatically higher than the standard deviation of DCTCP throughput. Mean throughput is nearly identical because even though cubic flows suffer TCP timeouts, other flows will step in and fill the unused bandwidth. Note that this test is something of a best case scenario for incast under CUBIC: it allows other flows to fill in for flows experiencing a timeout. Under situations where the receiver is issuing requests and then waiting for all flows to complete, flows cannot fill in for timed out flows and throughput will drop dramatically. 3) Latency (in ms): CUBIC DCTCP Mean 4.0088 0.04219 Median 4.055 0.0395 Max 4.2 0.085 Min 3.32 0.028 Stddev 0.1666 0.01064 Latency for each protocol was computed by running "ping -i 0.2 <receiver>" from a single sender to the receiver during the incast test. For DCTCP, "ping -Q 0x6 -i 0.2 <receiver>" was used to ensure that traffic traversed the DCTCP queue and was not dropped when the queue size was greater than the marking threshold. The summary statistics above are over all ping metrics measured between the single sender, receiver pair. The latency results for this test show a dramatic difference between CUBIC and DCTCP. CUBIC intentionally overflows the switch buffer which incurs the maximum queue latency (more buffer memory will lead to high latency.) DCTCP, on the other hand, deliberately attempts to keep queue occupancy low. The result is a two orders of magnitude reduction of latency with DCTCP - even with a switch with relatively little RAM. Switches with larger amounts of RAM will incur increasing amounts of latency for CUBIC, but not for DCTCP. 4) Convergence and stability test: This test measured the time that DCTCP took to fairly redistribute bandwidth when a new flow commences. It also measured DCTCP's ability to remain stable at a fair bandwidth distribution. DCTCP is compared with CUBIC for this test. At the commencement of this test, a single flow is sending at maximum rate (near 10 Gbps) to a single receiver. One second after that first flow commences, a new flow from a distinct server begins sending to the same receiver as the first flow. After the second flow has sent data for 10 seconds, the second flow is terminated. The first flow sends for an additional second. Ideally, the bandwidth would be evenly shared as soon as the second flow starts, and recover as soon as it stops. The results of this test are shown below. Note that the flow bandwidth for the two flows was measured near the same time, but not simultaneously. DCTCP performs nearly perfectly within the measurement limitations of this test: bandwidth is quickly distributed fairly between the two flows, remains stable throughout the duration of the test, and recovers quickly. CUBIC, in contrast, is slow to divide the bandwidth fairly, and has trouble remaining stable. CUBIC DCTCP Seconds Flow 1 Flow 2 Seconds Flow 1 Flow 2 0 9.93 0 0 9.92 0 0.5 9.87 0 0.5 9.86 0 1 8.73 2.25 1 6.46 4.88 1.5 7.29 2.8 1.5 4.9 4.99 2 6.96 3.1 2 4.92 4.94 2.5 6.67 3.34 2.5 4.93 5 3 6.39 3.57 3 4.92 4.99 3.5 6.24 3.75 3.5 4.94 4.74 4 6 3.94 4 5.34 4.71 4.5 5.88 4.09 4.5 4.99 4.97 5 5.27 4.98 5 4.83 5.01 5.5 4.93 5.04 5.5 4.89 4.99 6 4.9 4.99 6 4.92 5.04 6.5 4.93 5.1 6.5 4.91 4.97 7 4.28 5.8 7 4.97 4.97 7.5 4.62 4.91 7.5 4.99 4.82 8 5.05 4.45 8 5.16 4.76 8.5 5.93 4.09 8.5 4.94 4.98 9 5.73 4.2 9 4.92 5.02 9.5 5.62 4.32 9.5 4.87 5.03 10 6.12 3.2 10 4.91 5.01 10.5 6.91 3.11 10.5 4.87 5.04 11 8.48 0 11 8.49 4.94 11.5 9.87 0 11.5 9.9 0 SYN/ACK ECT test: This test demonstrates the importance of ECT on SYN and SYN-ACK packets by measuring the connection probability in the presence of competing flows for a DCTCP connection attempt *without* ECT in the SYN packet. The test was repeated five times for each number of competing flows. Competing Flows 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 ------------------------------ Mean Connection Probability 1 | 0.67 | 0.45 | 0.28 | 0 Median Connection Probability 1 | 0.65 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 0 As the number of competing flows moves beyond 1, the connection probability drops rapidly. Enabling DCTCP with this patch requires the following steps: DCTCP must be running both on the sender and receiver side in your data center, i.e.: sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=dctcp Also, ECN functionality must be enabled on all switches in your data center for DCTCP to work. The default ECN marking threshold (K) heuristic on the switch for DCTCP is e.g., 20 packets (30KB) at 1Gbps, and 65 packets (~100KB) at 10Gbps (K > 1/7 * C * RTT, [4]). In above tests, for each switch port, traffic was segregated into two queues. For any packet with a DSCP of 0x01 - or equivalently a TOS of 0x04 - the packet was placed into the DCTCP queue. All other packets were placed into the default drop-tail queue. For the DCTCP queue, RED/ECN marking was enabled, here, with a marking threshold of 75 KB. More details however, we refer you to the paper [2] under section 3). There are no code changes required to applications running in user space. DCTCP has been implemented in full *isolation* of the rest of the TCP code as its own congestion control module, so that it can run without a need to expose code to the core of the TCP stack, and thus nothing changes for non-DCTCP users. Changes in the CA framework code are minimal, and DCTCP algorithm operates on mechanisms that are already available in most Silicon. The gain (dctcp_shift_g) is currently a fixed constant (1/16) from the paper, but we leave the option that it can be chosen carefully to a different value by the user. In case DCTCP is being used and ECN support on peer site is off, DCTCP falls back after 3WHS to operate in normal TCP Reno mode. ss {-4,-6} -t -i diag interface: ... dctcp wscale:7,7 rto:203 rtt:2.349/0.026 mss:1448 cwnd:2054 ssthresh:1102 ce_state 0 alpha 15 ab_ecn 0 ab_tot 735584 send 10129.2Mbps pacing_rate 20254.1Mbps unacked:1822 retrans:0/15 reordering:101 rcv_space:29200 ... dctcp-reno wscale:7,7 rto:201 rtt:0.711/1.327 ato:40 mss:1448 cwnd:10 ssthresh:1102 fallback_mode send 162.9Mbps pacing_rate 325.5Mbps rcv_rtt:1.5 rcv_space:29200 More information about DCTCP can be found in [1-4]. [1] http://simula.stanford.edu/~alizade/Site/DCTCP.html [2] http://simula.stanford.edu/~alizade/Site/DCTCP_files/dctcp-final.pdf [3] http://simula.stanford.edu/~alizade/Site/DCTCP_files/dctcp_analysis-full.pdf [4] http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bensley-tcpm-dctcp-00 Joint work with Florian Westphal and Glenn Judd. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de> Signed-off-by: Glenn Judd <glenn.judd@morganstanley.com> Acked-by: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-09-27 04:37:36 +08:00
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_DCTCP) += tcp_dctcp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_WESTWOOD) += tcp_westwood.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_HSTCP) += tcp_highspeed.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_HYBLA) += tcp_hybla.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_HTCP) += tcp_htcp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_VEGAS) += tcp_vegas.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_VENO) += tcp_veno.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_SCALABLE) += tcp_scalable.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_LP) += tcp_lp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_YEAH) += tcp_yeah.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_ILLINOIS) += tcp_illinois.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NETLABEL) += cipso_ipv4.o
obj-$(CONFIG_XFRM) += xfrm4_policy.o xfrm4_state.o xfrm4_input.o \
xfrm4_output.o xfrm4_protocol.o