License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 22:07:57 +08:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2016-11-30 01:15:41 +08:00
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#ifndef _TIME_UTILS_H_
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#define _TIME_UTILS_H_
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2017-04-20 03:12:39 +08:00
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#include <stddef.h>
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#include <linux/types.h>
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2016-11-30 01:15:41 +08:00
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struct perf_time_interval {
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u64 start, end;
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};
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2016-11-30 01:15:42 +08:00
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int parse_nsec_time(const char *str, u64 *ptime);
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2016-11-30 01:15:41 +08:00
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int perf_time__parse_str(struct perf_time_interval *ptime, const char *ostr);
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2017-12-08 21:13:43 +08:00
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int perf_time__percent_parse_str(struct perf_time_interval *ptime_buf, int num,
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const char *ostr, u64 start, u64 end);
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2018-01-10 23:00:31 +08:00
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struct perf_time_interval *perf_time__range_alloc(const char *ostr, int *size);
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2016-11-30 01:15:41 +08:00
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bool perf_time__skip_sample(struct perf_time_interval *ptime, u64 timestamp);
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2017-12-08 21:13:44 +08:00
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bool perf_time__ranges_skip_sample(struct perf_time_interval *ptime_buf,
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int num, u64 timestamp);
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perf time-utils: Refactor time range parsing code
Jiri points out that we don't need any time checking and time string
parsing if the --time option is not set. That makes sense.
This patch refactors the time range parsing code, move the duplicated
code from perf report and perf script to time_utils and check if --time
option is set before parsing the time string. This patch is no logic
change expected. So the usage of --time is same as before.
For example:
Select the first and second 10% time slices:
perf report --time 10%/1,10%/2
perf script --time 10%/1,10%/2
Select the slices from 0% to 10% and from 30% to 40%:
perf report --time 0%-10%,30%-40%
perf script --time 0%-10%,30%-40%
Select the time slices from timestamp 3971 to 3973
perf report --time 3971,3973
perf script --time 3971,3973
Committer testing:
Using the above examples, check before and after to see if it remains
the same:
$ perf record -F 10000 -- find . -name "*.[ch]" -exec cat {} + > /dev/null
[ perf record: Woken up 3 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 1.626 MB perf.data (42392 samples) ]
$
$ perf report --time 10%/1,10%/2 > /tmp/report.before.1
$ perf script --time 10%/1,10%/2 > /tmp/script.before.1
$ perf report --time 0%-10%,30%-40% > /tmp/report.before.2
$ perf script --time 0%-10%,30%-40% > /tmp/script.before.2
$ perf report --time 180457.375844,180457.377717 > /tmp/report.before.3
$ perf script --time 180457.375844,180457.377717 > /tmp/script.before.3
For example, the 3rd test produces this slice:
$ cat /tmp/script.before.3
cat 3147 180457.375844: 2143 cycles:uppp: 7f79362590d9 cfree@GLIBC_2.2.5+0x9 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.28.so)
cat 3147 180457.375986: 2245 cycles:uppp: 558b70f3d86e [unknown] (/usr/bin/cat)
cat 3147 180457.376012: 2164 cycles:uppp: 7f7936257430 _int_malloc+0x8c0 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.28.so)
cat 3147 180457.376140: 2921 cycles:uppp: 558b70f3a554 [unknown] (/usr/bin/cat)
cat 3147 180457.376296: 2844 cycles:uppp: 7f7936258abe malloc+0x4e (/usr/lib64/libc-2.28.so)
cat 3147 180457.376431: 2717 cycles:uppp: 558b70f3b0ca [unknown] (/usr/bin/cat)
cat 3147 180457.376667: 2630 cycles:uppp: 558b70f3d86e [unknown] (/usr/bin/cat)
cat 3147 180457.376795: 2442 cycles:uppp: 7f79362bff55 read+0x15 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.28.so)
cat 3147 180457.376927: 2376 cycles:uppp: ffffffff9aa00163 [unknown] ([unknown])
cat 3147 180457.376954: 2307 cycles:uppp: 7f7936257438 _int_malloc+0x8c8 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.28.so)
cat 3147 180457.377116: 3091 cycles:uppp: 7f7936258a70 malloc+0x0 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.28.so)
cat 3147 180457.377362: 2945 cycles:uppp: 558b70f3a3b0 [unknown] (/usr/bin/cat)
cat 3147 180457.377517: 2727 cycles:uppp: 558b70f3a9aa [unknown] (/usr/bin/cat)
$
Install 'coreutils-debuginfo' to see cat's guts (symbols), but then, the
above chunk translates into this 'perf report' output:
$ cat /tmp/report.before.3
# To display the perf.data header info, please use --header/--header-only options.
#
#
# Total Lost Samples: 0
#
# Samples: 13 of event 'cycles:uppp' (time slices: 180457.375844,180457.377717)
# Event count (approx.): 33552
#
# Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol
# ........ ....... ................ ......................
#
17.69% cat libc-2.28.so [.] malloc
14.53% cat cat [.] 0x000000000000586e
13.33% cat libc-2.28.so [.] _int_malloc
8.78% cat cat [.] 0x00000000000023b0
8.71% cat cat [.] 0x0000000000002554
8.13% cat cat [.] 0x00000000000029aa
8.10% cat cat [.] 0x00000000000030ca
7.28% cat libc-2.28.so [.] read
7.08% cat [unknown] [k] 0xffffffff9aa00163
6.39% cat libc-2.28.so [.] cfree@GLIBC_2.2.5
#
# (Tip: Order by the overhead of source file name and line number: perf report -s srcline)
#
$
Now lets see after applying this patch, nothing should change:
$ perf report --time 10%/1,10%/2 > /tmp/report.after.1
$ perf script --time 10%/1,10%/2 > /tmp/script.after.1
$ perf report --time 0%-10%,30%-40% > /tmp/report.after.2
$ perf script --time 0%-10%,30%-40% > /tmp/script.after.2
$ perf report --time 180457.375844,180457.377717 > /tmp/report.after.3
$ perf script --time 180457.375844,180457.377717 > /tmp/script.after.3
$ diff -u /tmp/report.before.1 /tmp/report.after.1
$ diff -u /tmp/script.before.1 /tmp/script.after.1
$ diff -u /tmp/report.before.2 /tmp/report.after.2
--- /tmp/report.before.2 2019-03-01 11:01:53.526094883 -0300
+++ /tmp/report.after.2 2019-03-01 11:09:18.231770467 -0300
@@ -352,5 +352,5 @@
#
-# (Tip: Generate a script for your data: perf script -g <lang>)
+# (Tip: Treat branches as callchains: perf report --branch-history)
#
$ diff -u /tmp/script.before.2 /tmp/script.after.2
$ diff -u /tmp/report.before.3 /tmp/report.after.3
--- /tmp/report.before.3 2019-03-01 11:03:08.890045588 -0300
+++ /tmp/report.after.3 2019-03-01 11:09:40.660224002 -0300
@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@
#
-# (Tip: Order by the overhead of source file name and line number: perf report -s srcline)
+# (Tip: List events using substring match: perf list <keyword>)
#
$ diff -u /tmp/script.before.3 /tmp/script.after.3
$
Cool, just the 'perf report' tips changed, QED.
Signed-off-by: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1551435186-6008-1-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2019-03-01 18:13:06 +08:00
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struct perf_session;
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int perf_time__parse_for_ranges(const char *str, struct perf_session *session,
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struct perf_time_interval **ranges,
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int *range_size, int *range_num);
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2017-04-20 03:12:39 +08:00
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int timestamp__scnprintf_usec(u64 timestamp, char *buf, size_t sz);
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2019-03-05 22:47:53 +08:00
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int timestamp__scnprintf_nsec(u64 timestamp, char *buf, size_t sz);
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2017-04-20 03:12:39 +08:00
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int fetch_current_timestamp(char *buf, size_t sz);
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2016-11-30 01:15:41 +08:00
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#endif
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