linux/arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h

#ifndef _ASM_X86_ALTERNATIVE_H
#define _ASM_X86_ALTERNATIVE_H

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/stringify.h>
#include <asm/asm.h>
#include <asm/ptrace.h>

/*
 * Alternative inline assembly for SMP.
 *
 * The LOCK_PREFIX macro defined here replaces the LOCK and
 * LOCK_PREFIX macros used everywhere in the source tree.
 *
 * SMP alternatives use the same data structures as the other
 * alternatives and the X86_FEATURE_UP flag to indicate the case of a
 * UP system running a SMP kernel.  The existing apply_alternatives()
 * works fine for patching a SMP kernel for UP.
 *
 * The SMP alternative tables can be kept after boot and contain both
 * UP and SMP versions of the instructions to allow switching back to
 * SMP at runtime, when hotplugging in a new CPU, which is especially
 * useful in virtualized environments.
 *
 * The very common lock prefix is handled as special case in a
 * separate table which is a pure address list without replacement ptr
 * and size information.  That keeps the table sizes small.
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
#define LOCK_PREFIX_HERE \
		".pushsection .smp_locks,\"a\"\n"	\
		".balign 4\n"				\
		".long 671f - .\n" /* offset */		\
		".popsection\n"				\
		"671:"

#define LOCK_PREFIX LOCK_PREFIX_HERE "\n\tlock; "

#else /* ! CONFIG_SMP */
#define LOCK_PREFIX_HERE ""
#define LOCK_PREFIX ""
#endif

struct alt_instr {
	s32 instr_offset;	/* original instruction */
	s32 repl_offset;	/* offset to replacement instruction */
	u16 cpuid;		/* cpuid bit set for replacement */
	u8  instrlen;		/* length of original instruction */
	u8  replacementlen;	/* length of new instruction */
	u8  padlen;		/* length of build-time padding */
} __packed;

/*
 * Debug flag that can be tested to see whether alternative
 * instructions were patched in already:
 */
extern int alternatives_patched;

extern void alternative_instructions(void);
extern void apply_alternatives(struct alt_instr *start, struct alt_instr *end);

struct module;

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
extern void alternatives_smp_module_add(struct module *mod, char *name,
					void *locks, void *locks_end,
					void *text, void *text_end);
extern void alternatives_smp_module_del(struct module *mod);
extern void alternatives_enable_smp(void);
extern int alternatives_text_reserved(void *start, void *end);
extern bool skip_smp_alternatives;
#else
static inline void alternatives_smp_module_add(struct module *mod, char *name,
					       void *locks, void *locks_end,
					       void *text, void *text_end) {}
static inline void alternatives_smp_module_del(struct module *mod) {}
static inline void alternatives_enable_smp(void) {}
static inline int alternatives_text_reserved(void *start, void *end)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif	/* CONFIG_SMP */

#define b_replacement(num)	"664"#num
#define e_replacement(num)	"665"#num

#define alt_end_marker		"663"
#define alt_slen		"662b-661b"
#define alt_pad_len		alt_end_marker"b-662b"
#define alt_total_slen		alt_end_marker"b-661b"
#define alt_rlen(num)		e_replacement(num)"f-"b_replacement(num)"f"

#define __OLDINSTR(oldinstr, num)					\
	"661:\n\t" oldinstr "\n662:\n"					\
	".skip -(((" alt_rlen(num) ")-(" alt_slen ")) > 0) * "		\
		"((" alt_rlen(num) ")-(" alt_slen ")),0x90\n"

#define OLDINSTR(oldinstr, num)						\
	__OLDINSTR(oldinstr, num)					\
	alt_end_marker ":\n"

/*
 * max without conditionals. Idea adapted from:
 * http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#IntegerMinOrMax
 *
 * The additional "-" is needed because gas works with s32s.
 */
#define alt_max_short(a, b)	"((" a ") ^ (((" a ") ^ (" b ")) & -(-((" a ") - (" b ")))))"

/*
 * Pad the second replacement alternative with additional NOPs if it is
 * additionally longer than the first replacement alternative.
 */
#define OLDINSTR_2(oldinstr, num1, num2) \
	"661:\n\t" oldinstr "\n662:\n"								\
	".skip -((" alt_max_short(alt_rlen(num1), alt_rlen(num2)) " - (" alt_slen ")) > 0) * "	\
		"(" alt_max_short(alt_rlen(num1), alt_rlen(num2)) " - (" alt_slen ")), 0x90\n"	\
	alt_end_marker ":\n"

#define ALTINSTR_ENTRY(feature, num)					      \
	" .long 661b - .\n"				/* label           */ \
	" .long " b_replacement(num)"f - .\n"		/* new instruction */ \
	" .word " __stringify(feature) "\n"		/* feature bit     */ \
	" .byte " alt_total_slen "\n"			/* source len      */ \
	" .byte " alt_rlen(num) "\n"			/* replacement len */ \
	" .byte " alt_pad_len "\n"			/* pad len */

#define ALTINSTR_REPLACEMENT(newinstr, feature, num)	/* replacement */     \
	b_replacement(num)":\n\t" newinstr "\n" e_replacement(num) ":\n\t"

/* alternative assembly primitive: */
#define ALTERNATIVE(oldinstr, newinstr, feature)			\
	OLDINSTR(oldinstr, 1)						\
	".pushsection .altinstructions,\"a\"\n"				\
	ALTINSTR_ENTRY(feature, 1)					\
	".popsection\n"							\
	".pushsection .altinstr_replacement, \"ax\"\n"			\
	ALTINSTR_REPLACEMENT(newinstr, feature, 1)			\
	".popsection"

#define ALTERNATIVE_2(oldinstr, newinstr1, feature1, newinstr2, feature2)\
	OLDINSTR_2(oldinstr, 1, 2)					\
	".pushsection .altinstructions,\"a\"\n"				\
	ALTINSTR_ENTRY(feature1, 1)					\
	ALTINSTR_ENTRY(feature2, 2)					\
	".popsection\n"							\
	".pushsection .altinstr_replacement, \"ax\"\n"			\
	ALTINSTR_REPLACEMENT(newinstr1, feature1, 1)			\
	ALTINSTR_REPLACEMENT(newinstr2, feature2, 2)			\
	".popsection"

/*
 * Alternative instructions for different CPU types or capabilities.
 *
 * This allows to use optimized instructions even on generic binary
 * kernels.
 *
 * length of oldinstr must be longer or equal the length of newinstr
 * It can be padded with nops as needed.
 *
 * For non barrier like inlines please define new variants
 * without volatile and memory clobber.
 */
#define alternative(oldinstr, newinstr, feature)			\
	asm volatile (ALTERNATIVE(oldinstr, newinstr, feature) : : : "memory")

#define alternative_2(oldinstr, newinstr1, feature1, newinstr2, feature2) \
	asm volatile(ALTERNATIVE_2(oldinstr, newinstr1, feature1, newinstr2, feature2) ::: "memory")

/*
 * Alternative inline assembly with input.
 *
 * Pecularities:
 * No memory clobber here.
 * Argument numbers start with 1.
 * Best is to use constraints that are fixed size (like (%1) ... "r")
 * If you use variable sized constraints like "m" or "g" in the
 * replacement make sure to pad to the worst case length.
 * Leaving an unused argument 0 to keep API compatibility.
 */
#define alternative_input(oldinstr, newinstr, feature, input...)	\
	asm volatile (ALTERNATIVE(oldinstr, newinstr, feature)		\
		: : "i" (0), ## input)

/*
 * This is similar to alternative_input. But it has two features and
 * respective instructions.
 *
 * If CPU has feature2, newinstr2 is used.
 * Otherwise, if CPU has feature1, newinstr1 is used.
 * Otherwise, oldinstr is used.
 */
#define alternative_input_2(oldinstr, newinstr1, feature1, newinstr2,	     \
			   feature2, input...)				     \
	asm volatile(ALTERNATIVE_2(oldinstr, newinstr1, feature1,	     \
		newinstr2, feature2)					     \
		: : "i" (0), ## input)

/* Like alternative_input, but with a single output argument */
#define alternative_io(oldinstr, newinstr, feature, output, input...)	\
	asm volatile (ALTERNATIVE(oldinstr, newinstr, feature)		\
		: output : "i" (0), ## input)

/* Like alternative_io, but for replacing a direct call with another one. */
#define alternative_call(oldfunc, newfunc, feature, output, input...)	\
	asm volatile (ALTERNATIVE("call %P[old]", "call %P[new]", feature) \
		: output : [old] "i" (oldfunc), [new] "i" (newfunc), ## input)

/*
 * Like alternative_call, but there are two features and respective functions.
 * If CPU has feature2, function2 is used.
 * Otherwise, if CPU has feature1, function1 is used.
 * Otherwise, old function is used.
 */
#define alternative_call_2(oldfunc, newfunc1, feature1, newfunc2, feature2,   \
			   output, input...)				      \
	asm volatile (ALTERNATIVE_2("call %P[old]", "call %P[new1]", feature1,\
		"call %P[new2]", feature2)				      \
		: output : [old] "i" (oldfunc), [new1] "i" (newfunc1),	      \
		[new2] "i" (newfunc2), ## input)

/*
 * use this macro(s) if you need more than one output parameter
 * in alternative_io
 */
#define ASM_OUTPUT2(a...) a

/*
 * use this macro if you need clobbers but no inputs in
 * alternative_{input,io,call}()
 */
#define ASM_NO_INPUT_CLOBBER(clbr...) "i" (0) : clbr

struct paravirt_patch_site;
#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
void apply_paravirt(struct paravirt_patch_site *start,
		    struct paravirt_patch_site *end);
#else
static inline void apply_paravirt(struct paravirt_patch_site *start,
				  struct paravirt_patch_site *end)
{}
#define __parainstructions	NULL
#define __parainstructions_end	NULL
#endif

extern void *text_poke_early(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len);

/*
 * Clear and restore the kernel write-protection flag on the local CPU.
 * Allows the kernel to edit read-only pages.
 * Side-effect: any interrupt handler running between save and restore will have
 * the ability to write to read-only pages.
 *
 * Warning:
 * Code patching in the UP case is safe if NMIs and MCE handlers are stopped and
 * no thread can be preempted in the instructions being modified (no iret to an
 * invalid instruction possible) or if the instructions are changed from a
 * consistent state to another consistent state atomically.
 * On the local CPU you need to be protected again NMI or MCE handlers seeing an
 * inconsistent instruction while you patch.
 */
extern void *text_poke(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len);
extern int poke_int3_handler(struct pt_regs *regs);
extern void *text_poke_bp(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len, void *handler);

#endif /* _ASM_X86_ALTERNATIVE_H */