linux/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/programming-language.rst

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.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
:Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/programming-language.rst <programming_language>`
:Translator: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
.. _cn_programming_language:
程序设计语言
============
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内核是用C语言 :ref:`c-language <cn_c-language>` 编写的。更准确地说,内核通常是用 :ref:`gcc <cn_gcc>`
``-std=gnu89`` :ref:`gcc-c-dialect-options <cn_gcc-c-dialect-options>` 下编译的ISO C90的 GNU 方言(
包括一些C99特性
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这种方言包含对语言 :ref:`gnu-extensions <cn_gnu-extensions>` 的许多扩展,当然,它们许多都在内核中使用。
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对于一些体系结构,有一些使用 :ref:`clang <cn_clang>`:ref:`icc <cn_icc>` 编译内核
的支持,尽管在编写此文档时还没有完成,仍需要第三方补丁。
属性
----
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在整个内核中使用的一个常见扩展是属性attributes :ref:`gcc-attribute-syntax <cn_gcc-attribute-syntax>`
属性允许将实现定义的语义引入语言实体(如变量、函数或类型),而无需对语言进行
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重大的语法更改(例如添加新关键字) :ref:`n2049 <cn_n2049>`
在某些情况下,属性是可选的(即不支持这些属性的编译器仍然应该生成正确的代码,
即使其速度较慢或执行的编译时检查/诊断次数不够)
内核定义了伪关键字(例如, ``pure`` 而不是直接使用GNU属性语法例如,
``__attribute__((__pure__))`` ),以检测可以使用哪些关键字和/或缩短代码, 具体
请参阅 ``include/linux/compiler_attributes.h``
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.. _cn_c-language:
c-language
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards
.. _cn_gcc:
gcc
https://gcc.gnu.org
.. _cn_clang:
clang
https://clang.llvm.org
.. _cn_icc:
icc
https://software.intel.com/en-us/c-compilers
.. _cn_gcc-c-dialect-options:
c-dialect-options
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/C-Dialect-Options.html
.. _cn_gnu-extensions:
gnu-extensions
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/C-Extensions.html
.. _cn_gcc-attribute-syntax:
gcc-attribute-syntax
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Attribute-Syntax.html
.. _cn_n2049:
n2049
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2049.pdf