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Documentation/llvm: add documentation on building w/ Clang/LLVM Added to kbuild documentation. Provides more official info on building kernels with Clang and LLVM than our wiki. Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-02-27 07:23:36 +08:00
==============================
Building Linux with Clang/LLVM
==============================
This document covers how to build the Linux kernel with Clang and LLVM
utilities.
About
-----
The Linux kernel has always traditionally been compiled with GNU toolchains
such as GCC and binutils. Ongoing work has allowed for `Clang
<https://clang.llvm.org/>`_ and `LLVM <https://llvm.org/>`_ utilities to be
used as viable substitutes. Distributions such as `Android
<https://www.android.com/>`_, `ChromeOS
<https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os>`_, and `OpenMandriva
<https://www.openmandriva.org/>`_ use Clang built kernels. `LLVM is a
collection of toolchain components implemented in terms of C++ objects
<https://www.aosabook.org/en/llvm.html>`_. Clang is a front-end to LLVM that
supports C and the GNU C extensions required by the kernel, and is pronounced
"klang," not "see-lang."
Clang
-----
Documentation/llvm: Improve formatting of commands, variables, and arguments While reviewing a separate patch, I noticed that the formatting of the commands, variables, and arguments was not in a monospaced font like the rest of the Kbuild documentation (see kbuild/kconfig.rst for an example). This is due to a lack of "::" before indented command blocks and single backticks instead of double backticks for inline formatting. Add those so that the document looks nicer in an HTML format, while not ruining the look in plain text. As a result of this, we can remove the escaped backslashes in the last code block and move them to single backslashes. Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-08-26 07:14:38 +08:00
The compiler used can be swapped out via ``CC=`` command line argument to ``make``.
``CC=`` should be set when selecting a config and during a build. ::
Documentation/llvm: add documentation on building w/ Clang/LLVM Added to kbuild documentation. Provides more official info on building kernels with Clang and LLVM than our wiki. Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-02-27 07:23:36 +08:00
make CC=clang defconfig
make CC=clang
Cross Compiling
---------------
A single Clang compiler binary will typically contain all supported backends,
Documentation/llvm: Improve formatting of commands, variables, and arguments While reviewing a separate patch, I noticed that the formatting of the commands, variables, and arguments was not in a monospaced font like the rest of the Kbuild documentation (see kbuild/kconfig.rst for an example). This is due to a lack of "::" before indented command blocks and single backticks instead of double backticks for inline formatting. Add those so that the document looks nicer in an HTML format, while not ruining the look in plain text. As a result of this, we can remove the escaped backslashes in the last code block and move them to single backslashes. Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-08-26 07:14:38 +08:00
which can help simplify cross compiling. ::
Documentation/llvm: add documentation on building w/ Clang/LLVM Added to kbuild documentation. Provides more official info on building kernels with Clang and LLVM than our wiki. Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-02-27 07:23:36 +08:00
ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- make CC=clang
Documentation/llvm: Improve formatting of commands, variables, and arguments While reviewing a separate patch, I noticed that the formatting of the commands, variables, and arguments was not in a monospaced font like the rest of the Kbuild documentation (see kbuild/kconfig.rst for an example). This is due to a lack of "::" before indented command blocks and single backticks instead of double backticks for inline formatting. Add those so that the document looks nicer in an HTML format, while not ruining the look in plain text. As a result of this, we can remove the escaped backslashes in the last code block and move them to single backslashes. Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-08-26 07:14:38 +08:00
``CROSS_COMPILE`` is not used to prefix the Clang compiler binary, instead
``CROSS_COMPILE`` is used to set a command line flag: ``--target <triple>``. For
example: ::
Documentation/llvm: add documentation on building w/ Clang/LLVM Added to kbuild documentation. Provides more official info on building kernels with Clang and LLVM than our wiki. Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-02-27 07:23:36 +08:00
clang --target aarch64-linux-gnu foo.c
LLVM Utilities
--------------
Documentation/llvm: Improve formatting of commands, variables, and arguments While reviewing a separate patch, I noticed that the formatting of the commands, variables, and arguments was not in a monospaced font like the rest of the Kbuild documentation (see kbuild/kconfig.rst for an example). This is due to a lack of "::" before indented command blocks and single backticks instead of double backticks for inline formatting. Add those so that the document looks nicer in an HTML format, while not ruining the look in plain text. As a result of this, we can remove the escaped backslashes in the last code block and move them to single backslashes. Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-08-26 07:14:38 +08:00
LLVM has substitutes for GNU binutils utilities. Kbuild supports ``LLVM=1``
to enable them. ::
kbuild: support LLVM=1 to switch the default tools to Clang/LLVM As Documentation/kbuild/llvm.rst implies, building the kernel with a full set of LLVM tools gets very verbose and unwieldy. Provide a single switch LLVM=1 to use Clang and LLVM tools instead of GCC and Binutils. You can pass it from the command line or as an environment variable. Please note LLVM=1 does not turn on the integrated assembler. You need to pass LLVM_IAS=1 to use it. When the upstream kernel is ready for the integrated assembler, I think we can make it default. We discussed what we need, and we agreed to go with a simple boolean flag that switches both target and host tools: https://lkml.org/lkml/2020/3/28/494 https://lkml.org/lkml/2020/4/3/43 Some items discussed, but not adopted: - LLVM_DIR When multiple versions of LLVM are installed, I just thought supporting LLVM_DIR=/path/to/my/llvm/bin/ might be useful. CC = $(LLVM_DIR)clang LD = $(LLVM_DIR)ld.lld ... However, we can handle this by modifying PATH. So, we decided to not do this. - LLVM_SUFFIX Some distributions (e.g. Debian) package specific versions of LLVM with naming conventions that use the version as a suffix. CC = clang$(LLVM_SUFFIX) LD = ld.lld(LLVM_SUFFIX) ... will allow a user to pass LLVM_SUFFIX=-11 to use clang-11 etc., but the suffixed versions in /usr/bin/ are symlinks to binaries in /usr/lib/llvm-#/bin/, so this can also be handled by PATH. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> # build Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
2020-04-08 09:36:23 +08:00
make LLVM=1
Documentation/llvm: Improve formatting of commands, variables, and arguments While reviewing a separate patch, I noticed that the formatting of the commands, variables, and arguments was not in a monospaced font like the rest of the Kbuild documentation (see kbuild/kconfig.rst for an example). This is due to a lack of "::" before indented command blocks and single backticks instead of double backticks for inline formatting. Add those so that the document looks nicer in an HTML format, while not ruining the look in plain text. As a result of this, we can remove the escaped backslashes in the last code block and move them to single backslashes. Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-08-26 07:14:38 +08:00
They can be enabled individually. The full list of the parameters: ::
Documentation/llvm: add documentation on building w/ Clang/LLVM Added to kbuild documentation. Provides more official info on building kernels with Clang and LLVM than our wiki. Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-02-27 07:23:36 +08:00
Documentation/llvm: Improve formatting of commands, variables, and arguments While reviewing a separate patch, I noticed that the formatting of the commands, variables, and arguments was not in a monospaced font like the rest of the Kbuild documentation (see kbuild/kconfig.rst for an example). This is due to a lack of "::" before indented command blocks and single backticks instead of double backticks for inline formatting. Add those so that the document looks nicer in an HTML format, while not ruining the look in plain text. As a result of this, we can remove the escaped backslashes in the last code block and move them to single backslashes. Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-08-26 07:14:38 +08:00
make CC=clang LD=ld.lld AR=llvm-ar NM=llvm-nm STRIP=llvm-strip \
OBJCOPY=llvm-objcopy OBJDUMP=llvm-objdump OBJSIZE=llvm-size \
READELF=llvm-readelf HOSTCC=clang HOSTCXX=clang++ HOSTAR=llvm-ar \
Documentation/llvm: add documentation on building w/ Clang/LLVM Added to kbuild documentation. Provides more official info on building kernels with Clang and LLVM than our wiki. Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-02-27 07:23:36 +08:00
HOSTLD=ld.lld
kbuild: replace AS=clang with LLVM_IAS=1 The 'AS' variable is unused for building the kernel. Only the remaining usage is to turn on the integrated assembler. A boolean flag is a better fit for this purpose. AS=clang was added for experts. So, I replaced it with LLVM_IAS=1, breaking the backward compatibility. Suggested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
2020-04-08 09:36:22 +08:00
Currently, the integrated assembler is disabled by default. You can pass
Documentation/llvm: Improve formatting of commands, variables, and arguments While reviewing a separate patch, I noticed that the formatting of the commands, variables, and arguments was not in a monospaced font like the rest of the Kbuild documentation (see kbuild/kconfig.rst for an example). This is due to a lack of "::" before indented command blocks and single backticks instead of double backticks for inline formatting. Add those so that the document looks nicer in an HTML format, while not ruining the look in plain text. As a result of this, we can remove the escaped backslashes in the last code block and move them to single backslashes. Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-08-26 07:14:38 +08:00
``LLVM_IAS=1`` to enable it.
kbuild: replace AS=clang with LLVM_IAS=1 The 'AS' variable is unused for building the kernel. Only the remaining usage is to turn on the integrated assembler. A boolean flag is a better fit for this purpose. AS=clang was added for experts. So, I replaced it with LLVM_IAS=1, breaking the backward compatibility. Suggested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
2020-04-08 09:36:22 +08:00
Documentation/llvm: add documentation on building w/ Clang/LLVM Added to kbuild documentation. Provides more official info on building kernels with Clang and LLVM than our wiki. Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-02-27 07:23:36 +08:00
Getting Help
------------
- `Website <https://clangbuiltlinux.github.io/>`_
- `Mailing List <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/clang-built-linux>`_: <clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com>
- `Issue Tracker <https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues>`_
- IRC: #clangbuiltlinux on chat.freenode.net
- `Telegram <https://t.me/ClangBuiltLinux>`_: @ClangBuiltLinux
- `Wiki <https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/wiki>`_
- `Beginner Bugs <https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22>`_
Getting LLVM
-------------
kbuild: Replace HTTP links with HTTPS ones Rationale: Reduces attack surface on kernel devs opening the links for MITM as HTTPS traffic is much harder to manipulate. Deterministic algorithm: For each file: If not .svg: For each line: If doesn't contain `\bxmlns\b`: For each link, `\bhttp://[^# \t\r\n]*(?:\w|/)`: If neither `\bgnu\.org/license`, nor `\bmozilla\.org/MPL\b`: If both the HTTP and HTTPS versions return 200 OK and serve the same content: Replace HTTP with HTTPS. Signed-off-by: Alexander A. Klimov <grandmaster@al2klimov.de> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-07-20 03:46:02 +08:00
- https://releases.llvm.org/download.html
Documentation/llvm: add documentation on building w/ Clang/LLVM Added to kbuild documentation. Provides more official info on building kernels with Clang and LLVM than our wiki. Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-02-27 07:23:36 +08:00
- https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project
- https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html
- https://llvm.org/docs/CMake.html
- https://apt.llvm.org/
- https://www.archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/llvm/
- https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/tc-build
- https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/wiki/Building-Clang-from-source
- https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/