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media: docs: add glossary.rst with common terms used at V4L2 spec
Add a glossary of terms used within the media userspace API documentation, as several concepts are complex enough to cause misunderstandings. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
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========
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Glossary
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========
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.. note::
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The goal of this section is to standardize the terms used within the media
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userspace API documentation. This is Work In Progress.
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.. Please keep the glossary entries in alphabetical order
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.. glossary::
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Bridge Driver
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A :term:`device driver` that implements the main logic to talk with
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media hardware.
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CEC API
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**Consumer Electronics Control API**
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An API designed to receive and transmit data via an HDMI
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CEC interface.
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See :ref:`cec`.
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Device Driver
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Part of the Linux Kernel that implements support for a hardware
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component.
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Device Node
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A character device node in the file system used to control and
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transfer data in and out of a Kernel driver.
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Digital TV API
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**Previously known as DVB API**
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An API designed to control a subset of the :term:`Media Hardware`
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that implements digital TV (e. g. DVB, ATSC, ISDB, etc).
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See :ref:`dvbapi`.
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DSP
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**Digital Signal Processor**
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A specialized :term:`Microprocessor`, with its architecture
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optimized for the operational needs of digital signal processing.
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FPGA
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**Field-programmable Gate Array**
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An :term:`IC` circuit designed to be configured by a customer or
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a designer after manufacturing.
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See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array.
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Hardware Component
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A subset of the :term:`media hardware`. For example an :term:`I²C` or
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:term:`SPI` device, or an :term:`IP block` inside an
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:term:`SoC` or :term:`FPGA`.
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Hardware Peripheral
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A group of :term:`hardware components <hardware component>` that
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together make a larger user-facing functional peripheral. For
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instance, the :term:`SoC` :term:`ISP` :term:`IP block <ip block>`
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and the external camera sensors together make a camera hardware
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peripheral.
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Also known as :term:`peripheral`.
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I²C
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**Inter-Integrated Circuit**
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A multi-master, multi-slave, packet switched, single-ended,
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serial computer bus used to control some hardware components
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like sub-device hardware components.
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See http://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-guide/UM10204.pdf.
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IC
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**Integrated circuit**
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A set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of
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semiconductor material, normally silicon.
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Also known as chip.
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IP Block
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**Intellectual property core**
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In electronic design a semiconductor intellectual property core,
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is a reusable unit of logic, cell, or integrated circuit layout
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design that is the intellectual property of one party.
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IP Blocks may be licensed to another party or can be owned
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and used by a single party alone.
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See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_intellectual_property_core).
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ISP
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**Image Signal Processor**
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A specialized processor that implements a set of algorithms for
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processing image data. ISPs may implement algorithms for lens
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shading correction, demosaicing, scaling and pixel format conversion
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as well as produce statistics for the use of the control
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algorithms (e.g. automatic exposure, white balance and focus).
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Media API
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A set of userspace APIs used to control the media hardware. It is
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composed by:
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- :term:`CEC API`;
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- :term:`Digital TV API`;
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- :term:`MC API`;
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- :term:`RC API`; and
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- :term:`V4L2 API`.
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See :doc:`index`.
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MC API
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**Media Controller API**
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An API designed to expose and control the relationships between
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multimedia devices and sub-devices.
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See :ref:`media_controller`.
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MC-centric
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:term:`V4L2 hardware` device driver that requires :term:`MC API`.
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Such drivers have ``V4L2_CAP_IO_MC`` device_caps field set
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(see :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCAP`).
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See :ref:`v4l2_hardware_control` for more details.
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Media Hardware
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Subset of the hardware that is supported by the Linux Media API.
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This includes audio and video capture and playback hardware,
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digital and analog TV, camera sensors, ISPs, remote controllers,
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codecs, HDMI Consumer Electronics Control, HDMI capture, etc.
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Microprocessor
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Electronic circuitry that carries out the instructions of a
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computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical,
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control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the
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instructions on a single integrated circuit.
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Peripheral
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The same as :term:`hardware peripheral`.
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RC API
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**Remote Controller API**
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An API designed to receive and transmit data from remote
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controllers.
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See :ref:`remote_controllers`.
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SMBus
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A subset of I²C, which defines a stricter usage of the bus.
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SPI
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**Serial Peripheral Interface Bus**
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Synchronous serial communication interface specification used for
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short distance communication, primarily in embedded systems.
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SoC
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**System on a Chip**
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An integrated circuit that integrates all components of a computer
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or other electronic systems.
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V4L2 API
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**V4L2 userspace API**
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The userspace API defined in :ref:`v4l2spec`, which is used to
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control a V4L2 hardware.
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V4L2 Device Node
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A :term:`device node` that is associated to a V4L driver.
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The V4L2 device node naming is specified at :ref:`v4l2_device_naming`.
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V4L2 Hardware
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Part of the media hardware which is supported by the :term:`V4L2 API`.
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V4L2 Sub-device
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V4L2 hardware components that aren't controlled by a
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:term:`bridge driver`. See :ref:`subdev`.
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Video-node-centric
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V4L2 device driver that doesn't require a media controller to be used.
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Such drivers have the ``V4L2_CAP_IO_MC`` device_caps field unset
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(see :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCAP`).
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V4L2 Sub-device API
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Part of the :term:`V4L2 API` which control
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:term:`V4L2 sub-devices <V4L2 Sub-device>`, like sensors,
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HDMI receivers, scalers, deinterlacers.
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See :ref:`v4l2_hardware_control` for more details.
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@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ Please see:
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mediactl/media-controller
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cec/cec-api
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gen-errors
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glossary
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fdl-appendix
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drivers/index
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