diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h
index 412b51e059c8..48067af94678 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ static inline int apic_is_clustered_box(void)
 extern int setup_APIC_eilvt(u8 lvt_off, u8 vector, u8 msg_type, u8 mask);
 extern void lapic_assign_system_vectors(void);
 extern void lapic_assign_legacy_vector(unsigned int isairq, bool replace);
+extern void lapic_update_legacy_vectors(void);
 extern void lapic_online(void);
 extern void lapic_offline(void);
 extern bool apic_needs_pit(void);
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h
index b7dd944dc867..8f28fafa98b3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h
@@ -56,11 +56,8 @@
 # define DISABLE_PTI		(1 << (X86_FEATURE_PTI & 31))
 #endif
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_SUPPORT
-# define DISABLE_ENQCMD	0
-#else
-# define DISABLE_ENQCMD (1 << (X86_FEATURE_ENQCMD & 31))
-#endif
+/* Force disable because it's broken beyond repair */
+#define DISABLE_ENQCMD		(1 << (X86_FEATURE_ENQCMD & 31))
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_SGX
 # define DISABLE_SGX	0
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fpu/api.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fpu/api.h
index ed33a14188f6..23bef08a8388 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fpu/api.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fpu/api.h
@@ -106,10 +106,6 @@ extern int cpu_has_xfeatures(u64 xfeatures_mask, const char **feature_name);
  */
 #define PASID_DISABLED	0
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_SUPPORT
-/* Update current's PASID MSR/state by mm's PASID. */
-void update_pasid(void);
-#else
 static inline void update_pasid(void) { }
-#endif
+
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_FPU_API_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fpu/internal.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fpu/internal.h
index 8d33ad80704f..ceeba9f63172 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fpu/internal.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fpu/internal.h
@@ -584,13 +584,6 @@ static inline void switch_fpu_finish(struct fpu *new_fpu)
 			pkru_val = pk->pkru;
 	}
 	__write_pkru(pkru_val);
-
-	/*
-	 * Expensive PASID MSR write will be avoided in update_pasid() because
-	 * TIF_NEED_FPU_LOAD was set. And the PASID state won't be updated
-	 * unless it's different from mm->pasid to reduce overhead.
-	 */
-	update_pasid();
 }
 
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_FPU_INTERNAL_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/thermal.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/thermal.h
index ddbdefd5b94f..91a7b6687c3b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/thermal.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/thermal.h
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@
 #define _ASM_X86_THERMAL_H
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_THERMAL_VECTOR
+void therm_lvt_init(void);
 void intel_init_thermal(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c);
 bool x86_thermal_enabled(void);
 void intel_thermal_interrupt(void);
 #else
-static inline void intel_init_thermal(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c) { }
+static inline void therm_lvt_init(void)				{ }
+static inline void intel_init_thermal(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)	{ }
 #endif
 
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_THERMAL_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c
index 6974b5174495..6fe5b44fcbc9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c
@@ -182,42 +182,70 @@ recompute_jump(struct alt_instr *a, u8 *orig_insn, u8 *repl_insn, u8 *insn_buff)
 		n_dspl, (unsigned long)orig_insn + n_dspl + repl_len);
 }
 
+/*
+ * optimize_nops_range() - Optimize a sequence of single byte NOPs (0x90)
+ *
+ * @instr: instruction byte stream
+ * @instrlen: length of the above
+ * @off: offset within @instr where the first NOP has been detected
+ *
+ * Return: number of NOPs found (and replaced).
+ */
+static __always_inline int optimize_nops_range(u8 *instr, u8 instrlen, int off)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int i = off, nnops;
+
+	while (i < instrlen) {
+		if (instr[i] != 0x90)
+			break;
+
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	nnops = i - off;
+
+	if (nnops <= 1)
+		return nnops;
+
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	add_nops(instr + off, nnops);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+
+	DUMP_BYTES(instr, instrlen, "%px: [%d:%d) optimized NOPs: ", instr, off, i);
+
+	return nnops;
+}
+
 /*
  * "noinline" to cause control flow change and thus invalidate I$ and
  * cause refetch after modification.
  */
 static void __init_or_module noinline optimize_nops(struct alt_instr *a, u8 *instr)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
 	struct insn insn;
-	int nop, i = 0;
+	int i = 0;
 
 	/*
-	 * Jump over the non-NOP insns, the remaining bytes must be single-byte
-	 * NOPs, optimize them.
+	 * Jump over the non-NOP insns and optimize single-byte NOPs into bigger
+	 * ones.
 	 */
 	for (;;) {
 		if (insn_decode_kernel(&insn, &instr[i]))
 			return;
 
+		/*
+		 * See if this and any potentially following NOPs can be
+		 * optimized.
+		 */
 		if (insn.length == 1 && insn.opcode.bytes[0] == 0x90)
-			break;
+			i += optimize_nops_range(instr, a->instrlen, i);
+		else
+			i += insn.length;
 
-		if ((i += insn.length) >= a->instrlen)
+		if (i >= a->instrlen)
 			return;
 	}
-
-	for (nop = i; i < a->instrlen; i++) {
-		if (WARN_ONCE(instr[i] != 0x90, "Not a NOP at 0x%px\n", &instr[i]))
-			return;
-	}
-
-	local_irq_save(flags);
-	add_nops(instr + nop, i - nop);
-	local_irq_restore(flags);
-
-	DUMP_BYTES(instr, a->instrlen, "%px: [%d:%d) optimized NOPs: ",
-		   instr, nop, a->instrlen);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
index 4a39fb429f15..d262811ce14b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
@@ -2604,6 +2604,7 @@ static void __init apic_bsp_setup(bool upmode)
 	end_local_APIC_setup();
 	irq_remap_enable_fault_handling();
 	setup_IO_APIC();
+	lapic_update_legacy_vectors();
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_UP_LATE_INIT
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c
index 6dbdc7c22bb7..fb67ed5e7e6a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/vector.c
@@ -738,6 +738,26 @@ void lapic_assign_legacy_vector(unsigned int irq, bool replace)
 	irq_matrix_assign_system(vector_matrix, ISA_IRQ_VECTOR(irq), replace);
 }
 
+void __init lapic_update_legacy_vectors(void)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC) && nr_ioapics > 0)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the IO/APIC is disabled via config, kernel command line or
+	 * lack of enumeration then all legacy interrupts are routed
+	 * through the PIC. Make sure that they are marked as legacy
+	 * vectors. PIC_CASCADE_IRQ has already been marked in
+	 * lapic_assign_system_vectors().
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_legacy_irqs(); i++) {
+		if (i != PIC_CASCADE_IR)
+			lapic_assign_legacy_vector(i, true);
+	}
+}
+
 void __init lapic_assign_system_vectors(void)
 {
 	unsigned int i, vector = 0;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c
index a85c64000218..d0eef963aad1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c
@@ -1402,60 +1402,3 @@ int proc_pid_arch_status(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
 	return 0;
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_PID_ARCH_STATUS */
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_SUPPORT
-void update_pasid(void)
-{
-	u64 pasid_state;
-	u32 pasid;
-
-	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_ENQCMD))
-		return;
-
-	if (!current->mm)
-		return;
-
-	pasid = READ_ONCE(current->mm->pasid);
-	/* Set the valid bit in the PASID MSR/state only for valid pasid. */
-	pasid_state = pasid == PASID_DISABLED ?
-		      pasid : pasid | MSR_IA32_PASID_VALID;
-
-	/*
-	 * No need to hold fregs_lock() since the task's fpstate won't
-	 * be changed by others (e.g. ptrace) while the task is being
-	 * switched to or is in IPI.
-	 */
-	if (!test_thread_flag(TIF_NEED_FPU_LOAD)) {
-		/* The MSR is active and can be directly updated. */
-		wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_PASID, pasid_state);
-	} else {
-		struct fpu *fpu = &current->thread.fpu;
-		struct ia32_pasid_state *ppasid_state;
-		struct xregs_state *xsave;
-
-		/*
-		 * The CPU's xstate registers are not currently active. Just
-		 * update the PASID state in the memory buffer here. The
-		 * PASID MSR will be loaded when returning to user mode.
-		 */
-		xsave = &fpu->state.xsave;
-		xsave->header.xfeatures |= XFEATURE_MASK_PASID;
-		ppasid_state = get_xsave_addr(xsave, XFEATURE_PASID);
-		/*
-		 * Since XFEATURE_MASK_PASID is set in xfeatures, ppasid_state
-		 * won't be NULL and no need to check its value.
-		 *
-		 * Only update the task's PASID state when it's different
-		 * from the mm's pasid.
-		 */
-		if (ppasid_state->pasid != pasid_state) {
-			/*
-			 * Invalid fpregs so that state restoring will pick up
-			 * the PASID state.
-			 */
-			__fpu_invalidate_fpregs_state(fpu);
-			ppasid_state->pasid = pasid_state;
-		}
-	}
-}
-#endif /* CONFIG_IOMMU_SUPPORT */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
index 72920af0b3c0..1e720626069a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
 #include <asm/prom.h>
 #include <asm/proto.h>
+#include <asm/thermal.h>
 #include <asm/unwind.h>
 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
@@ -637,11 +638,11 @@ static void __init trim_snb_memory(void)
 	 * them from accessing certain memory ranges, namely anything below
 	 * 1M and in the pages listed in bad_pages[] above.
 	 *
-	 * To avoid these pages being ever accessed by SNB gfx devices
-	 * reserve all memory below the 1 MB mark and bad_pages that have
-	 * not already been reserved at boot time.
+	 * To avoid these pages being ever accessed by SNB gfx devices reserve
+	 * bad_pages that have not already been reserved at boot time.
+	 * All memory below the 1 MB mark is anyway reserved later during
+	 * setup_arch(), so there is no need to reserve it here.
 	 */
-	memblock_reserve(0, 1<<20);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bad_pages); i++) {
 		if (memblock_reserve(bad_pages[i], PAGE_SIZE))
@@ -733,14 +734,14 @@ static void __init early_reserve_memory(void)
 	 * The first 4Kb of memory is a BIOS owned area, but generally it is
 	 * not listed as such in the E820 table.
 	 *
-	 * Reserve the first memory page and typically some additional
-	 * memory (64KiB by default) since some BIOSes are known to corrupt
-	 * low memory. See the Kconfig help text for X86_RESERVE_LOW.
+	 * Reserve the first 64K of memory since some BIOSes are known to
+	 * corrupt low memory. After the real mode trampoline is allocated the
+	 * rest of the memory below 640k is reserved.
 	 *
 	 * In addition, make sure page 0 is always reserved because on
 	 * systems with L1TF its contents can be leaked to user processes.
 	 */
-	memblock_reserve(0, ALIGN(reserve_low, PAGE_SIZE));
+	memblock_reserve(0, SZ_64K);
 
 	early_reserve_initrd();
 
@@ -751,6 +752,7 @@ static void __init early_reserve_memory(void)
 
 	reserve_ibft_region();
 	reserve_bios_regions();
+	trim_snb_memory();
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1081,14 +1083,20 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
 			(max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
 #endif
 
-	reserve_real_mode();
-
 	/*
-	 * Reserving memory causing GPU hangs on Sandy Bridge integrated
-	 * graphics devices should be done after we allocated memory under
-	 * 1M for the real mode trampoline.
+	 * Find free memory for the real mode trampoline and place it
+	 * there.
+	 * If there is not enough free memory under 1M, on EFI-enabled
+	 * systems there will be additional attempt to reclaim the memory
+	 * for the real mode trampoline at efi_free_boot_services().
+	 *
+	 * Unconditionally reserve the entire first 1M of RAM because
+	 * BIOSes are know to corrupt low memory and several
+	 * hundred kilobytes are not worth complex detection what memory gets
+	 * clobbered. Moreover, on machines with SandyBridge graphics or in
+	 * setups that use crashkernel the entire 1M is reserved anyway.
 	 */
-	trim_snb_memory();
+	reserve_real_mode();
 
 	init_mem_mapping();
 
@@ -1226,6 +1234,14 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
 
 	x86_init.timers.wallclock_init();
 
+	/*
+	 * This needs to run before setup_local_APIC() which soft-disables the
+	 * local APIC temporarily and that masks the thermal LVT interrupt,
+	 * leading to softlockups on machines which have configured SMI
+	 * interrupt delivery.
+	 */
+	therm_lvt_init();
+
 	mcheck_init();
 
 	register_refined_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE);
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/fault.c b/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
index 1c548ad00752..6bda7f67d737 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
@@ -836,8 +836,8 @@ __bad_area_nosemaphore(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
 
 	if (si_code == SEGV_PKUERR)
 		force_sig_pkuerr((void __user *)address, pkey);
-
-	force_sig_fault(SIGSEGV, si_code, (void __user *)address);
+	else
+		force_sig_fault(SIGSEGV, si_code, (void __user *)address);
 
 	local_irq_disable();
 }
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/mem_encrypt_identity.c b/arch/x86/mm/mem_encrypt_identity.c
index a9639f663d25..470b20208430 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/mem_encrypt_identity.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/mem_encrypt_identity.c
@@ -504,10 +504,6 @@ void __init sme_enable(struct boot_params *bp)
 #define AMD_SME_BIT	BIT(0)
 #define AMD_SEV_BIT	BIT(1)
 
-	/* Check the SEV MSR whether SEV or SME is enabled */
-	sev_status   = __rdmsr(MSR_AMD64_SEV);
-	feature_mask = (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SEV_ENABLED) ? AMD_SEV_BIT : AMD_SME_BIT;
-
 	/*
 	 * Check for the SME/SEV feature:
 	 *   CPUID Fn8000_001F[EAX]
@@ -519,11 +515,16 @@ void __init sme_enable(struct boot_params *bp)
 	eax = 0x8000001f;
 	ecx = 0;
 	native_cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
-	if (!(eax & feature_mask))
+	/* Check whether SEV or SME is supported */
+	if (!(eax & (AMD_SEV_BIT | AMD_SME_BIT)))
 		return;
 
 	me_mask = 1UL << (ebx & 0x3f);
 
+	/* Check the SEV MSR whether SEV or SME is enabled */
+	sev_status   = __rdmsr(MSR_AMD64_SEV);
+	feature_mask = (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SEV_ENABLED) ? AMD_SEV_BIT : AMD_SME_BIT;
+
 	/* Check if memory encryption is enabled */
 	if (feature_mask == AMD_SME_BIT) {
 		/*
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c
index 7850111008a8..b15ebfe40a73 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c
@@ -450,6 +450,18 @@ void __init efi_free_boot_services(void)
 			size -= rm_size;
 		}
 
+		/*
+		 * Don't free memory under 1M for two reasons:
+		 * - BIOS might clobber it
+		 * - Crash kernel needs it to be reserved
+		 */
+		if (start + size < SZ_1M)
+			continue;
+		if (start < SZ_1M) {
+			size -= (SZ_1M - start);
+			start = SZ_1M;
+		}
+
 		memblock_free_late(start, size);
 	}
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/realmode/init.c b/arch/x86/realmode/init.c
index 2e1c1bec0f9e..6534c92d0f83 100644
--- a/arch/x86/realmode/init.c
+++ b/arch/x86/realmode/init.c
@@ -29,14 +29,16 @@ void __init reserve_real_mode(void)
 
 	/* Has to be under 1M so we can execute real-mode AP code. */
 	mem = memblock_find_in_range(0, 1<<20, size, PAGE_SIZE);
-	if (!mem) {
+	if (!mem)
 		pr_info("No sub-1M memory is available for the trampoline\n");
-		return;
-	}
+	else
+		set_real_mode_mem(mem);
 
-	memblock_reserve(mem, size);
-	set_real_mode_mem(mem);
-	crash_reserve_low_1M();
+	/*
+	 * Unconditionally reserve the entire fisrt 1M, see comment in
+	 * setup_arch().
+	 */
+	memblock_reserve(0, SZ_1M);
 }
 
 static void sme_sev_setup_real_mode(struct trampoline_header *th)
diff --git a/drivers/dma/idxd/init.c b/drivers/dma/idxd/init.c
index 2a926bef87f2..776fd44aff5f 100644
--- a/drivers/dma/idxd/init.c
+++ b/drivers/dma/idxd/init.c
@@ -745,12 +745,12 @@ static int __init idxd_init_module(void)
 	 * If the CPU does not support MOVDIR64B or ENQCMDS, there's no point in
 	 * enumerating the device. We can not utilize it.
 	 */
-	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_MOVDIR64B)) {
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_MOVDIR64B)) {
 		pr_warn("idxd driver failed to load without MOVDIR64B.\n");
 		return -ENODEV;
 	}
 
-	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ENQCMD))
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_ENQCMD))
 		pr_warn("Platform does not have ENQCMD(S) support.\n");
 	else
 		support_enqcmd = true;
diff --git a/drivers/thermal/intel/therm_throt.c b/drivers/thermal/intel/therm_throt.c
index f8e882592ba5..99abdc03c44c 100644
--- a/drivers/thermal/intel/therm_throt.c
+++ b/drivers/thermal/intel/therm_throt.c
@@ -621,6 +621,17 @@ bool x86_thermal_enabled(void)
 	return atomic_read(&therm_throt_en);
 }
 
+void __init therm_lvt_init(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * This function is only called on boot CPU. Save the init thermal
+	 * LVT value on BSP and use that value to restore APs' thermal LVT
+	 * entry BIOS programmed later
+	 */
+	if (intel_thermal_supported(&boot_cpu_data))
+		lvtthmr_init = apic_read(APIC_LVTTHMR);
+}
+
 void intel_init_thermal(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 {
 	unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();
@@ -630,10 +641,6 @@ void intel_init_thermal(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 	if (!intel_thermal_supported(c))
 		return;
 
-	/* On the BSP? */
-	if (c == &boot_cpu_data)
-		lvtthmr_init = apic_read(APIC_LVTTHMR);
-
 	/*
 	 * First check if its enabled already, in which case there might
 	 * be some SMM goo which handles it, so we can't even put a handler