x86, tsc: Add static (MSR) TSC calibration on Intel Atom SoCs

On SoCs that have the calibration MSRs available, either there is no
PIT, HPET or PMTIMER to calibrate against, or the PIT/HPET/PMTIMER is
driven from the same clock as the TSC, so calibration is redundant and
just slows down the boot.

TSC rate is caculated by this formula:
<maximum core-clock to bus-clock ratio> * <maximum resolved frequency>
The ratio and the resolved frequency ID can be obtained from MSR.
See Intel 64 and IA-32 System Programming Guid section 16.12 and 30.11.5
for details.

Signed-off-by: Bin Gao <bin.gao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-rgm7xmg7k6qnjlw3ynkcjsmh@git.kernel.org

arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h

@@ -65,4 +65,7 @@ extern int notsc_setup(char *);
 extern void tsc_save_sched_clock_state(void);
 extern void tsc_restore_sched_clock_state(void);
 
+/* MSR based TSC calibration for Intel Atom SoC platforms */
+int try_msr_calibrate_tsc(unsigned long *fast_calibrate);
+
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_TSC_H */

arch/x86/kernel/Makefile

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_X86_64)	+= vsyscall_emu_64.o
 obj-y			+= bootflag.o e820.o
 obj-y			+= pci-dma.o quirks.o topology.o kdebugfs.o
 obj-y			+= alternative.o i8253.o pci-nommu.o hw_breakpoint.o
-obj-y			+= tsc.o io_delay.o rtc.o
+obj-y			+= tsc.o tsc_msr.o io_delay.o rtc.o
 obj-y			+= pci-iommu_table.o
 obj-y			+= resource.o
 

arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c

@@ -419,6 +419,16 @@ unsigned long native_calibrate_tsc(void)
 	unsigned long flags, latch, ms, fast_calibrate;
 	int hpet = is_hpet_enabled(), i, loopmin;
 
+	/* Calibrate TSC using MSR for Intel Atom SoCs */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	i = try_msr_calibrate_tsc(&fast_calibrate);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+	if (i >= 0) {
+		if (i == 0)
+			pr_warn("Fast TSC calibration using MSR failed\n");
+		return fast_calibrate;
+	}
+
 	local_irq_save(flags);
 	fast_calibrate = quick_pit_calibrate();
 	local_irq_restore(flags);

arch/x86/kernel/tsc_msr.c

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+ * tsc_msr.c - MSR based TSC calibration on Intel Atom SoC platforms.
+ *
+ * TSC in Intel Atom SoC runs at a constant rate which can be figured
+ * by this formula:
+ * <maximum core-clock to bus-clock ratio> * <maximum resolved frequency>
+ * See Intel 64 and IA-32 System Programming Guid section 16.12 and 30.11.5
+ * for details.
+ * Especially some Intel Atom SoCs don't have PIT(i8254) or HPET, so MSR
+ * based calibration is the only option.
+ *
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Intel Corporation
+ * Author: Bin Gao <bin.gao@intel.com>
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPLv2.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <asm/processor.h>
+#include <asm/setup.h>
+#include <asm/apic.h>
+#include <asm/param.h>
+
+/* CPU reference clock frequency: in KHz */
+#define FREQ_83		83200
+#define FREQ_100	99840
+#define FREQ_133	133200
+#define FREQ_166	166400
+
+#define MAX_NUM_FREQS	8
+
+/*
+ * According to Intel 64 and IA-32 System Programming Guide,
+ * if MSR_PERF_STAT[31] is set, the maximum resolved bus ratio can be
+ * read in MSR_PLATFORM_ID[12:8], otherwise in MSR_PERF_STAT[44:40].
+ * Unfortunately some Intel Atom SoCs aren't quite compliant to this,
+ * so we need manually differentiate SoC families. This is what the
+ * field msr_plat does.
+ */
+struct freq_desc {
+	u8 x86_family;	/* CPU family */
+	u8 x86_model;	/* model */
+	u8 msr_plat;	/* 1: use MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, 0: MSR_IA32_PERF_STATUS */
+	u32 freqs[MAX_NUM_FREQS];
+};
+
+static struct freq_desc freq_desc_tables[] = {
+	/* PNW */
+	{ 6, 0x27, 0, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, FREQ_100, 0, FREQ_83 } },
+	/* CLV+ */
+	{ 6, 0x35, 0, { 0, FREQ_133, 0, 0, 0, FREQ_100, 0, FREQ_83 } },
+	/* TNG */
+	{ 6, 0x4a, 1, { 0, FREQ_100, FREQ_133, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+	/* VLV2 */
+	{ 6, 0x37, 1, { 0, FREQ_100, FREQ_133, FREQ_166, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+	/* ANN */
+	{ 6, 0x5a, 1, { FREQ_83, FREQ_100, FREQ_133, FREQ_100, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+};
+
+static int match_cpu(u8 family, u8 model)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(freq_desc_tables); i++) {
+		if ((family == freq_desc_tables[i].x86_family) &&
+			(model == freq_desc_tables[i].x86_model))
+			return i;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* Map CPU reference clock freq ID(0-7) to CPU reference clock freq(KHz) */
+#define id_to_freq(cpu_index, freq_id) \
+	(freq_desc_tables[cpu_index].freqs[freq_id])
+
+/*
+ * Do MSR calibration only for known/supported CPUs.
+ * Return values:
+ * -1: CPU is unknown/unsupported for MSR based calibration
+ *  0: CPU is known/supported, but calibration failed
+ *  1: CPU is known/supported, and calibration succeeded
+ */
+int try_msr_calibrate_tsc(unsigned long *fast_calibrate)
+{
+	int cpu_index;
+	u32 lo, hi, ratio, freq_id, freq;
+
+	cpu_index = match_cpu(boot_cpu_data.x86, boot_cpu_data.x86_model);
+	if (cpu_index < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	*fast_calibrate = 0;
+
+	if (freq_desc_tables[cpu_index].msr_plat) {
+		rdmsr(MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, lo, hi);
+		ratio = (lo >> 8) & 0x1f;
+	} else {
+		rdmsr(MSR_IA32_PERF_STATUS, lo, hi);
+		ratio = (hi >> 8) & 0x1f;
+	}
+	pr_info("Maximum core-clock to bus-clock ratio: 0x%x\n", ratio);
+
+	if (!ratio)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Get FSB FREQ ID */
+	rdmsr(MSR_FSB_FREQ, lo, hi);
+	freq_id = lo & 0x7;
+	freq = id_to_freq(cpu_index, freq_id);
+	pr_info("Resolved frequency ID: %u, frequency: %u KHz\n",
+				freq_id, freq);
+	if (!freq)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* TSC frequency = maximum resolved freq * maximum resolved bus ratio */
+	*fast_calibrate = freq * ratio;
+	pr_info("TSC runs at %lu KHz\n", *fast_calibrate);
+
+	lapic_timer_frequency = (freq * 1000) / HZ;
+	pr_info("lapic_timer_frequency = %d\n", lapic_timer_frequency);
+
+	return 1;
+}