efi/libstub: Add support for loading the initrd from a device path

There are currently two ways to specify the initrd to be passed to the
Linux kernel when booting via the EFI stub:
- it can be passed as a initrd= command line option when doing a pure PE
  boot (as opposed to the EFI handover protocol that exists for x86)
- otherwise, the bootloader or firmware can load the initrd into memory,
  and pass the address and size via the bootparams struct (x86) or
  device tree (ARM)

In the first case, we are limited to loading from the same file system
that the kernel was loaded from, and it is also problematic in a trusted
boot context, given that we cannot easily protect the command line from
tampering without either adding complicated white/blacklisting of boot
arguments or locking down the command line altogether.

In the second case, we force the bootloader to duplicate knowledge about
the boot protocol which is already encoded in the stub, and which may be
subject to change over time, e.g., bootparams struct definitions, memory
allocation/alignment requirements for the placement of the initrd etc etc.
In the ARM case, it also requires the bootloader to modify the hardware
description provided by the firmware, as it is passed in the same file.
On systems where the initrd is measured after loading, it creates a time
window where the initrd contents might be manipulated in memory before
handing over to the kernel.

Address these concerns by adding support for loading the initrd into
memory by invoking the EFI LoadFile2 protocol installed on a vendor
GUIDed device path that specifically designates a Linux initrd.
This addresses the above concerns, by putting the EFI stub in charge of
placement in memory and of passing the base and size to the kernel proper
(via whatever means it desires) while still leaving it up to the firmware
or bootloader to obtain the file contents, potentially from other file
systems than the one the kernel itself was loaded from. On platforms that
implement measured boot, it permits the firmware to take the measurement
right before the kernel actually consumes the contents.

Acked-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>

drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/arm-stub.c

@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ efi_status_t efi_entry(efi_handle_t handle, efi_system_table_t *sys_table_arg)
 	enum efi_secureboot_mode secure_boot;
 	struct screen_info *si;
 	efi_properties_table_t *prop_tbl;
+	unsigned long max_addr;
 
 	sys_table = sys_table_arg;
 
@@ -267,10 +268,18 @@ efi_status_t efi_entry(efi_handle_t handle, efi_system_table_t *sys_table_arg)
 	if (!fdt_addr)
 		pr_efi("Generating empty DTB\n");
 
-	status = efi_load_initrd(image, &initrd_addr, &initrd_size, ULONG_MAX,
-				 efi_get_max_initrd_addr(dram_base, image_addr));
+	max_addr = efi_get_max_initrd_addr(dram_base, image_addr);
+	status = efi_load_initrd_dev_path(&initrd_addr, &initrd_size, max_addr);
+	if (status == EFI_SUCCESS) {
+		pr_efi("Loaded initrd from LINUX_EFI_INITRD_MEDIA_GUID device path\n");
+	} else if (status == EFI_NOT_FOUND) {
+		status = efi_load_initrd(image, &initrd_addr, &initrd_size,
+					 ULONG_MAX, max_addr);
+		if (status == EFI_SUCCESS)
+			pr_efi("Loaded initrd from command line option\n");
+	}
 	if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
-		pr_efi_err("Failed initrd from command line!\n");
+		pr_efi_err("Failed to load initrd!\n");
 
 	efi_random_get_seed();
 

drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c

@@ -299,3 +299,89 @@ void efi_char16_printk(efi_char16_t *str)
 	efi_call_proto(efi_table_attr(efi_system_table(), con_out),
 		       output_string, str);
 }
+
+/*
+ * The LINUX_EFI_INITRD_MEDIA_GUID vendor media device path below provides a way
+ * for the firmware or bootloader to expose the initrd data directly to the stub
+ * via the trivial LoadFile2 protocol, which is defined in the UEFI spec, and is
+ * very easy to implement. It is a simple Linux initrd specific conduit between
+ * kernel and firmware, allowing us to put the EFI stub (being part of the
+ * kernel) in charge of where and when to load the initrd, while leaving it up
+ * to the firmware to decide whether it needs to expose its filesystem hierarchy
+ * via EFI protocols.
+ */
+static const struct {
+	struct efi_vendor_dev_path	vendor;
+	struct efi_generic_dev_path	end;
+} __packed initrd_dev_path = {
+	{
+		{
+			EFI_DEV_MEDIA,
+			EFI_DEV_MEDIA_VENDOR,
+			sizeof(struct efi_vendor_dev_path),
+		},
+		LINUX_EFI_INITRD_MEDIA_GUID
+	}, {
+		EFI_DEV_END_PATH,
+		EFI_DEV_END_ENTIRE,
+		sizeof(struct efi_generic_dev_path)
+	}
+};
+
+/**
+ * efi_load_initrd_dev_path - load the initrd from the Linux initrd device path
+ * @load_addr:	pointer to store the address where the initrd was loaded
+ * @load_size:	pointer to store the size of the loaded initrd
+ * @max:	upper limit for the initrd memory allocation
+ * @return:	%EFI_SUCCESS if the initrd was loaded successfully, in which
+ *		case @load_addr and @load_size are assigned accordingly
+ *		%EFI_NOT_FOUND if no LoadFile2 protocol exists on the initrd
+ *		device path
+ *		%EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER if load_addr == NULL or load_size == NULL
+ *		%EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES if memory allocation failed
+ *		%EFI_LOAD_ERROR in all other cases
+ */
+efi_status_t efi_load_initrd_dev_path(unsigned long *load_addr,
+				      unsigned long *load_size,
+				      unsigned long max)
+{
+	efi_guid_t lf2_proto_guid = EFI_LOAD_FILE2_PROTOCOL_GUID;
+	efi_device_path_protocol_t *dp;
+	efi_load_file2_protocol_t *lf2;
+	unsigned long initrd_addr;
+	unsigned long initrd_size;
+	efi_handle_t handle;
+	efi_status_t status;
+
+	if (!load_addr || !load_size)
+		return EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+
+	dp = (efi_device_path_protocol_t *)&initrd_dev_path;
+	status = efi_bs_call(locate_device_path, &lf2_proto_guid, &dp, &handle);
+	if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+		return status;
+
+	status = efi_bs_call(handle_protocol, handle, &lf2_proto_guid,
+			     (void **)&lf2);
+	if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+		return status;
+
+	status = efi_call_proto(lf2, load_file, dp, false, &initrd_size, NULL);
+	if (status != EFI_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
+		return EFI_LOAD_ERROR;
+
+	status = efi_allocate_pages(initrd_size, &initrd_addr, max);
+	if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+		return status;
+
+	status = efi_call_proto(lf2, load_file, dp, false, &initrd_size,
+				(void *)initrd_addr);
+	if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
+		efi_free(initrd_size, initrd_addr);
+		return EFI_LOAD_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	*load_addr = initrd_addr;
+	*load_size = initrd_size;
+	return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}

drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/efistub.h

@@ -640,4 +640,8 @@ efi_status_t efi_load_initrd(efi_loaded_image_t *image,
 			     unsigned long soft_limit,
 			     unsigned long hard_limit);
 
+efi_status_t efi_load_initrd_dev_path(unsigned long *load_addr,
+				      unsigned long *load_size,
+				      unsigned long max);
+
 #endif

drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/x86-stub.c

@@ -699,9 +699,14 @@ struct boot_params *efi_main(efi_handle_t handle,
 {
 	unsigned long bzimage_addr = (unsigned long)startup_32;
 	struct setup_header *hdr = &boot_params->hdr;
+	unsigned long max_addr = hdr->initrd_addr_max;
+	unsigned long initrd_addr, initrd_size;
 	efi_status_t status;
 	unsigned long cmdline_paddr;
 
+	if (hdr->xloadflags & XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G)
+		max_addr = ULONG_MAX;
+
 	sys_table = sys_table_arg;
 
 	/* Check if we were booted by the EFI firmware */
@@ -734,6 +739,24 @@ struct boot_params *efi_main(efi_handle_t handle,
 			 ((u64)boot_params->ext_cmd_line_ptr << 32));
 	efi_parse_options((char *)cmdline_paddr);
 
+	/*
+	 * At this point, an initrd may already have been loaded, either by
+	 * the bootloader and passed via bootparams, or loaded from a initrd=
+	 * command line option by efi_pe_entry() above. In either case, we
+	 * permit an initrd loaded from the LINUX_EFI_INITRD_MEDIA_GUID device
+	 * path to supersede it.
+	 */
+	status = efi_load_initrd_dev_path(&initrd_addr, &initrd_size, max_addr);
+	if (status == EFI_SUCCESS) {
+		hdr->ramdisk_image		= (u32)initrd_addr;
+		hdr->ramdisk_size 		= (u32)initrd_size;
+		boot_params->ext_ramdisk_image	= (u64)initrd_addr >> 32;
+		boot_params->ext_ramdisk_size 	= (u64)initrd_size >> 32;
+	} else if (status != EFI_NOT_FOUND) {
+		efi_printk("efi_load_initrd_dev_path() failed!\n");
+		goto fail;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If the boot loader gave us a value for secure_boot then we use that,
 	 * otherwise we ask the BIOS.

include/linux/efi.h

@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ void efi_native_runtime_setup(void);
 #define LINUX_EFI_TPM_EVENT_LOG_GUID		EFI_GUID(0xb7799cb0, 0xeca2, 0x4943,  0x96, 0x67, 0x1f, 0xae, 0x07, 0xb7, 0x47, 0xfa)
 #define LINUX_EFI_TPM_FINAL_LOG_GUID		EFI_GUID(0x1e2ed096, 0x30e2, 0x4254,  0xbd, 0x89, 0x86, 0x3b, 0xbe, 0xf8, 0x23, 0x25)
 #define LINUX_EFI_MEMRESERVE_TABLE_GUID		EFI_GUID(0x888eb0c6, 0x8ede, 0x4ff5,  0xa8, 0xf0, 0x9a, 0xee, 0x5c, 0xb9, 0x77, 0xc2)
+#define LINUX_EFI_INITRD_MEDIA_GUID		EFI_GUID(0x5568e427, 0x68fc, 0x4f3d,  0xac, 0x74, 0xca, 0x55, 0x52, 0x31, 0xcc, 0x68)
 
 /* OEM GUIDs */
 #define DELLEMC_EFI_RCI2_TABLE_GUID		EFI_GUID(0x2d9f28a2, 0xa886, 0x456a,  0x97, 0xa8, 0xf1, 0x1e, 0xf2, 0x4f, 0xf4, 0x55)