The kernel depends on macros like __BYTE_ORDER__,
__BIG_ENDIAN__ or __LITTLE_ENDIAN__.
OTOH, sparse doesn't know about the endianness of the kernel and
by default uses the same as the machine on which sparse was built.
Ensure that sparse can predefine the macros corresponding to
how the kernel was configured by adding -m{big,little}-endian
to CHECKFLAGS in the main Makefile (and so for all archs).
Also, remove the equivalent done in arch specific Makefiles.
Signed-off-by: Luc Van Oostenryck <luc.vanoostenryck@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Currently, $(CHECK) receives NOSTDINC_FLAGS twice:
* first directly in the main Makefile via CHECKFLAGS,
* then indirectly in scripts/Makefile.build via c_flags.
Since once is enough, leave the occurence via c_flags and
remove the one via CHECKFLAGS.
Signed-off-by: Luc Van Oostenryck <luc.vanoostenryck@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
The kernel configuration phase is now tightly coupled with the compiler
in use. It will be nice to show the compiler information in Kconfig.
The compiler information will be displayed like this:
$ make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- config
scripts/kconfig/conf --oldaskconfig Kconfig
*
* Linux/arm64 4.16.0-rc1 Kernel Configuration
*
*
* Compiler: aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (Linaro GCC 7.2-2017.11) 7.2.1 20171011
*
*
* General setup
*
Compile also drivers which will not load (COMPILE_TEST) [N/y/?]
If you use GUI methods such as menuconfig, it will be displayed in the
top menu.
This is simply implemented by using the 'comment' statement. So, it
will be saved into the .config file as well.
This commit has a very important meaning. If the compiler is upgraded,
Kconfig must be re-run since different compilers have different sets
of supported options.
All referenced environments are written to include/config/auto.conf.cmd
so that any environment change triggers syncconfig, and prompt the user
to input new values if needed.
With this commit, something like follows will be added to
include/config/auto.conf.cmd
ifneq "$(CC_VERSION_TEXT)" "aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (Linaro GCC 7.2-2017.11) 7.2.1 20171011"
include/config/auto.conf: FORCE
endif
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Now that 'shell' function is supported, this can be self-contained in
Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Ulf Magnusson <ulfalizer@gmail.com>
To get access to environment variables, Kconfig needs to define a
symbol using "option env=" syntax. It is tedious to add a symbol entry
for each environment variable given that we need to define much more
such as 'CC', 'AS', 'srctree' etc. to evaluate the compiler capability
in Kconfig.
Adding '$' for symbol references is grammatically inconsistent.
Looking at the code, the symbols prefixed with 'S' are expanded by:
- conf_expand_value()
This is used to expand 'arch/$ARCH/defconfig' and 'defconfig_list'
- sym_expand_string_value()
This is used to expand strings in 'source' and 'mainmenu'
All of them are fixed values independent of user configuration. So,
they can be changed into the direct expansion instead of symbols.
This change makes the code much cleaner. The bounce symbols 'SRCARCH',
'ARCH', 'SUBARCH', 'KERNELVERSION' are gone.
sym_init() hard-coding 'UNAME_RELEASE' is also gone. 'UNAME_RELEASE'
should be replaced with an environment variable.
ARCH_DEFCONFIG is a normal symbol, so it should be simply referenced
without '$' prefix.
The new syntax is addicted by Make. The variable reference needs
parentheses, like $(FOO), but you can omit them for single-letter
variables, like $F. Yet, in Makefiles, people tend to use the
parenthetical form for consistency / clarification.
At this moment, only the environment variable is supported, but I will
extend the concept of 'variable' later on.
The variables are expanded in the lexer so we can simplify the token
handling on the parser side.
For example, the following code works.
[Example code]
config MY_TOOLCHAIN_LIST
string
default "My tools: CC=$(CC), AS=$(AS), CPP=$(CPP)"
[Result]
$ make -s alldefconfig && tail -n 1 .config
CONFIG_MY_TOOLCHAIN_LIST="My tools: CC=gcc, AS=as, CPP=gcc -E"
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Kbuild provides a couple of ways to specify CROSS_COMPILE:
[1] Command line
[2] Environment
[3] arch/*/Makefile (only some architectures)
[4] CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE
[4] is problematic for the compiler capability tests in Kconfig.
CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE allows users to change the compiler prefix from
'make menuconfig', etc. It means, the compiler options would have
to be all re-calculated everytime CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE is changed.
To avoid complexity and performance issues, I'd like to evaluate
the shell commands statically, i.e. only parsing Kconfig files.
I guess the majority is [1] or [2]. Currently, there are only
5 defconfig files that specify CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE.
arch/arm/configs/lpc18xx_defconfig
arch/hexagon/configs/comet_defconfig
arch/nds32/configs/defconfig
arch/openrisc/configs/or1ksim_defconfig
arch/openrisc/configs/simple_smp_defconfig
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
The kbuild cache was introduced to remember the result of shell
commands, some of which are expensive to compute, such as
$(call cc-option,...).
However, this turned out not so clever as I had first expected.
Actually, it is problematic. For example, "$(CC) -print-file-name"
is cached. If the compiler is updated, the stale search path causes
build error, which is difficult to figure out. Another problem
scenario is cache files could be touched while install targets are
running under the root permission. We can patch them if desired,
but the build infrastructure is getting uglier and uglier.
Now, we are going to move compiler flag tests to the configuration
phase. If this is completed, the result of compiler tests will be
naturally cached in the .config file. We will not have performance
issues of incremental building since this testing only happens at
Kconfig time.
To start this work with a cleaner code base, remove the kbuild
cache first.
Revert the following commits:
Commit 9a234a2e38 ("kbuild: create directory for make cache only when necessary")
Commit e17c400ae1 ("kbuild: shrink .cache.mk when it exceeds 1000 lines")
Commit 4e56207130 ("kbuild: Cache a few more calls to the compiler")
Commit 3298b690b2 ("kbuild: Add a cache for generated variables")
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
- enable -fno-tree-loop-im only when supported
- add -fno-PIE option before the asm-goto test
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Merge tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.17-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull more Kbuild fixes from Masahiro Yamada:
- enable '-fno-tree-loop-im' only when supported
- add '-fno-PIE' option before the asm-goto test
* tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.17-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
Makefile: disable PIE before testing asm goto
kbuild: gcov: enable -fno-tree-loop-im if supported
Modules do not tend to cope with -ffunction-sections, even though they
do not link with -gc-sections. It may be possible for unused symbols to
be trimmed from modules, but in general that would take much more work
in architecture module linker scripts.
For now, enable these only for kernel build.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
CONFIG_HAVE_UNDERSCORE_SYMBOL_PREFIX was selected by BLACKFIN, METAG.
They were removed by commit 4ba66a9760 ("arch: remove blackfin port"),
commit bb6fb6dfcc ("metag: Remove arch/metag/"), respectively.
No more architecture enables CONFIG_HAVE_UNDERSCORE_SYMBOL_PREFIX,
hence the last argument of scripts/depmod.sh can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Since commit e501ce957a ("x86: Force asm-goto"), aarch64 build on
distributions which enable PIE by default (e.g. openSUSE Tumbleweed) does
not detect support for asm goto correctly. The problem is that ARM specific
part of scripts/gcc-goto.sh fails with PIE even with recent gcc versions.
Moving the asm goto detection up in Makefile put it before the place where
we disable PIE. As a result, kernel is built without jump label support.
Move the lines disabling PIE before the asm goto test to make it work.
Fixes: e501ce957a ("x86: Force asm-goto")
Reported-by: Andreas Faerber <afaerber@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Kubecek <mkubecek@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Clang does not recognize this compiler option.
Reported-by: Prasad Sodagudi <psodagud@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
The __FILE__ macro is used everywhere in the kernel to locate the file
printing the log message, such as WARN_ON(), etc. If the kernel is
built out of tree, this can be a long absolute path, like this:
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1 at /path/to/build/directory/arch/arm64/kernel/foo.c:...
This is because Kbuild runs in the objtree instead of the srctree,
then __FILE__ is expanded to a file path prefixed with $(srctree)/.
Commit 9da0763bdd ("kbuild: Use relative path when building in a
subdir of the source tree") improved this to some extent; $(srctree)
becomes ".." if the objtree is a child of the srctree.
For other cases of out-of-tree build, __FILE__ is still the absolute
path. It also means the kernel image depends on where it was built.
A brand-new option from GCC, -fmacro-prefix-map, solves this problem.
If your compiler supports it, __FILE__ is the relative path from the
srctree regardless of O= option. This provides more readable log and
more reproducible builds.
Please note __FILE__ is always an absolute path for external modules.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Our convention is to distinguish file types by suffixes with a period
as a separator.
*-asn1.[ch] is a different pattern from other generated sources such
as *.lex.c, *.tab.[ch], *.dtb.S, etc. More confusing, files with
'-asn1.[ch]' are generated files, but '_asn1.[ch]' are checked-in
files:
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_h323_asn1.c
include/linux/netfilter/nf_conntrack_h323_asn1.h
include/linux/sunrpc/gss_asn1.h
Rename generated files to *.asn1.[ch] for consistency.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Files suffixed by .lex.c, .tab.[ch] are generated lexers, parsers,
respectively. Clean them up globally from the top Makefile.
Some of the final host programs those lexer/parser are linked into
are necessary for building external modules, but the intermediates
are unneeded. They can be cleaned away by 'make clean' instead of
'make mrproper'.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Frank Rowand <frowand.list@gmail.com>
- improve checkpatch for more precise Kconfig code checking
- clarify effective selects by grouping reverse dependencies in help
- do not write out '# CONFIG_FOO is not set' from invisible symbols
- make oldconfig as silent as it should be
- rename 'silentoldconfig' to 'syncconfig'
- add unit-test framework and several test cases
- warn unmet dependency of tristate symbols
- make unmet dependency warnings readable, removing false positives
- improve recursive include detection
- use yylineno to simplify the line number tracking
- misc cleanups
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Merge tag 'kconfig-v4.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kconfig updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- improve checkpatch for more precise Kconfig code checking
- clarify effective selects by grouping reverse dependencies in help
- do not write out '# CONFIG_FOO is not set' from invisible symbols
- make oldconfig as silent as it should be
- rename 'silentoldconfig' to 'syncconfig'
- add unit-test framework and several test cases
- warn unmet dependency of tristate symbols
- make unmet dependency warnings readable, removing false positives
- improve recursive include detection
- use yylineno to simplify the line number tracking
- misc cleanups
* tag 'kconfig-v4.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (30 commits)
kconfig: use yylineno option instead of manual lineno increments
kconfig: detect recursive inclusion earlier
kconfig: remove duplicated file name and lineno of recursive inclusion
kconfig: do not include both curses.h and ncurses.h for nconfig
kconfig: make unmet dependency warnings readable
kconfig: warn unmet direct dependency of tristate symbols selected by y
kconfig: tests: test if recursive inclusion is detected
kconfig: tests: test if recursive dependencies are detected
kconfig: tests: test randconfig for choice in choice
kconfig: tests: test defconfig when two choices interact
kconfig: tests: check visibility of tristate choice values in y choice
kconfig: tests: check unneeded "is not set" with unmet dependency
kconfig: tests: test if new symbols in choice are asked
kconfig: tests: test automatic submenu creation
kconfig: tests: add basic choice tests
kconfig: tests: add framework for Kconfig unit testing
kbuild: add PYTHON2 and PYTHON3 variables
kconfig: remove redundant streamline_config.pl prerequisite
kconfig: rename silentoldconfig to syncconfig
kconfig: invoke oldconfig instead of silentoldconfig from local*config
...
- add a shell script to get Clang version
- improve portability of build scripts
- drop always-enabled CONFIG_THIN_ARCHIVE and remove unused code
- rename built-in.o which is now thin archive to built-in.a
- process clean/build targets one by one to get along with -j option
- simplify ld-option
- improve building with CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
- define KBUILD_MODNAME even for objects shared among multiple modules
- avoid linking multiple instances of same objects from composite objects
- move <linux/compiler_types.h> to c_flags to include it only for C files
- clean-up various Makefiles
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v4.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- add a shell script to get Clang version
- improve portability of build scripts
- drop always-enabled CONFIG_THIN_ARCHIVE and remove unused code
- rename built-in.o which is now thin archive to built-in.a
- process clean/build targets one by one to get along with -j option
- simplify ld-option
- improve building with CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
- define KBUILD_MODNAME even for objects shared among multiple modules
- avoid linking multiple instances of same objects from composite
objects
- move <linux/compiler_types.h> to c_flags to include it only for C
files
- clean-up various Makefiles
* tag 'kbuild-v4.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (29 commits)
kbuild: get <linux/compiler_types.h> out of <linux/kconfig.h>
kbuild: clean up link rule of composite modules
kbuild: clean up archive rule of built-in.a
kbuild: remove partial section mismatch detection for built-in.a
net: liquidio: clean up Makefile for simpler composite object handling
lib: zstd: clean up Makefile for simpler composite object handling
kbuild: link $(real-obj-y) instead of $(obj-y) into built-in.a
kbuild: rename real-objs-y/m to real-obj-y/m
kbuild: move modname and modname-multi close to modname_flags
kbuild: simplify modname calculation
kbuild: fix modname for composite modules
kbuild: define KBUILD_MODNAME even if multiple modules share objects
kbuild: remove unnecessary $(subst $(obj)/, , ...) in modname-multi
kbuild: Use ls(1) instead of stat(1) to obtain file size
kbuild: link vmlinux only once for CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
kbuild: move include/config/ksym/* to include/ksym/*
kbuild: move CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS code unneeded for external module
kbuild: restore autoksyms.h touch to the top Makefile
kbuild: move 'scripts' target below
kbuild: remove wrong 'touch' in adjust_autoksyms.sh
...
This removes the entire architecture code for blackfin, cris, frv, m32r,
metag, mn10300, score, and tile, including the associated device drivers.
I have been working with the (former) maintainers for each one to ensure
that my interpretation was right and the code is definitely unused in
mainline kernels. Many had fond memories of working on the respective
ports to start with and getting them included in upstream, but also saw
no point in keeping the port alive without any users.
In the end, it seems that while the eight architectures are extremely
different, they all suffered the same fate: There was one company
in charge of an SoC line, a CPU microarchitecture and a software
ecosystem, which was more costly than licensing newer off-the-shelf
CPU cores from a third party (typically ARM, MIPS, or RISC-V). It seems
that all the SoC product lines are still around, but have not used the
custom CPU architectures for several years at this point. In contrast,
CPU instruction sets that remain popular and have actively maintained
kernel ports tend to all be used across multiple licensees.
The removal came out of a discussion that is now documented at
https://lwn.net/Articles/748074/. Unlike the original plans, I'm not
marking any ports as deprecated but remove them all at once after I made
sure that they are all unused. Some architectures (notably tile, mn10300,
and blackfin) are still being shipped in products with old kernels,
but those products will never be updated to newer kernel releases.
After this series, we still have a few architectures without mainline
gcc support:
- unicore32 and hexagon both have very outdated gcc releases, but the
maintainers promised to work on providing something newer. At least
in case of hexagon, this will only be llvm, not gcc.
- openrisc, risc-v and nds32 are still in the process of finishing their
support or getting it added to mainline gcc in the first place.
They all have patched gcc-7.3 ports that work to some degree, but
complete upstream support won't happen before gcc-8.1. Csky posted
their first kernel patch set last week, their situation will be similar.
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Merge tag 'arch-removal' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-generic
Pul removal of obsolete architecture ports from Arnd Bergmann:
"This removes the entire architecture code for blackfin, cris, frv,
m32r, metag, mn10300, score, and tile, including the associated device
drivers.
I have been working with the (former) maintainers for each one to
ensure that my interpretation was right and the code is definitely
unused in mainline kernels. Many had fond memories of working on the
respective ports to start with and getting them included in upstream,
but also saw no point in keeping the port alive without any users.
In the end, it seems that while the eight architectures are extremely
different, they all suffered the same fate: There was one company in
charge of an SoC line, a CPU microarchitecture and a software
ecosystem, which was more costly than licensing newer off-the-shelf
CPU cores from a third party (typically ARM, MIPS, or RISC-V). It
seems that all the SoC product lines are still around, but have not
used the custom CPU architectures for several years at this point. In
contrast, CPU instruction sets that remain popular and have actively
maintained kernel ports tend to all be used across multiple licensees.
[ See the new nds32 port merged in the previous commit for the next
generation of "one company in charge of an SoC line, a CPU
microarchitecture and a software ecosystem" - Linus ]
The removal came out of a discussion that is now documented at
https://lwn.net/Articles/748074/. Unlike the original plans, I'm not
marking any ports as deprecated but remove them all at once after I
made sure that they are all unused. Some architectures (notably tile,
mn10300, and blackfin) are still being shipped in products with old
kernels, but those products will never be updated to newer kernel
releases.
After this series, we still have a few architectures without mainline
gcc support:
- unicore32 and hexagon both have very outdated gcc releases, but the
maintainers promised to work on providing something newer. At least
in case of hexagon, this will only be llvm, not gcc.
- openrisc, risc-v and nds32 are still in the process of finishing
their support or getting it added to mainline gcc in the first
place. They all have patched gcc-7.3 ports that work to some
degree, but complete upstream support won't happen before gcc-8.1.
Csky posted their first kernel patch set last week, their situation
will be similar
[ Palmer Dabbelt points out that RISC-V support is in mainline gcc
since gcc-7, although gcc-7.3.0 is the recommended minimum - Linus ]"
This really says it all:
2498 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 467668 deletions(-)
* tag 'arch-removal' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-generic: (74 commits)
MAINTAINERS: UNICORE32: Change email account
staging: iio: remove iio-trig-bfin-timer driver
tty: hvc: remove tile driver
tty: remove bfin_jtag_comm and hvc_bfin_jtag drivers
serial: remove tile uart driver
serial: remove m32r_sio driver
serial: remove blackfin drivers
serial: remove cris/etrax uart drivers
usb: Remove Blackfin references in USB support
usb: isp1362: remove blackfin arch glue
usb: musb: remove blackfin port
usb: host: remove tilegx platform glue
pwm: remove pwm-bfin driver
i2c: remove bfin-twi driver
spi: remove blackfin related host drivers
watchdog: remove bfin_wdt driver
can: remove bfin_can driver
mmc: remove bfin_sdh driver
input: misc: remove blackfin rotary driver
input: keyboard: remove bf54x driver
...
Pull x86 build updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The biggest change is the forcing of asm-goto support on x86, which
effectively increases the GCC minimum supported version to gcc-4.5 (on
x86)"
* 'x86-build-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/build: Don't pass in -D__KERNEL__ multiple times
x86: Remove FAST_FEATURE_TESTS
x86: Force asm-goto
x86/build: Drop superfluous ALIGN from the linker script
- fix missed rebuild of TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
- fix rpm-pkg for GNU tar >= 1.29
- include scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/* to kernel header deb-pkg
- add -no-integrated-as option ealier to fix building with Clang
- fix netfilter Makefile for parallel building
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Merge tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.16-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild fixes from Masahiro Yamada:
- fix missed rebuild of TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
- fix rpm-pkg for GNU tar >= 1.29
- include scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/* to kernel header deb-pkg
- add -no-integrated-as option ealier to fix building with Clang
- fix netfilter Makefile for parallel building
* tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.16-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
netfilter: nf_nat_snmp_basic: add correct dependency to Makefile
kbuild: rpm-pkg: Support GNU tar >= 1.29
builddeb: Fix header package regarding dtc source links
kbuild: set no-integrated-as before incl. arch Makefile
kbuild: make scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh robust against timestamp races
The variable 'PYTHON' allows users to specify a proper executable
name in case the default 'python' does not work. However, this does
not address the case where both Python 2.x and 3.x scripts are used
in one source tree.
PEP 394 (https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/) provides a
convention for Python scripts portability. Here is a quotation:
In order to tolerate differences across platforms, all new code
that needs to invoke the Python interpreter should not specify
'python', but rather should specify either 'python2' or 'python3'.
This distinction should be made in shebangs, when invoking from a
shell script, when invoking via the system() call, or when invoking
in any other context.
One exception to this is scripts that are deliberately written to
be source compatible with both Python 2.x and 3.x. Such scripts may
continue to use python on their shebang line without affecting their
portability.
To meet this requirement, this commit adds new variables 'PYTHON2'
and 'PYTHON3'.
arch/ia64/scripts/unwcheck.py is the only script that has ever used
$(PYTHON). Recent commit bd5edbe677 ("ia64: convert unwcheck.py to
python3") converted it to be compatible with both Python 2.x and 3.x,
so this is the exceptional case where the use of 'python' is allowed.
So, I did not touch arch/ia64/Makefile.
tools/perf/Makefile.config sets PYTHON and PYTHON2 by itself, so it
is not affected by this commit.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
As commit cedd55d49d ("kconfig: Remove silentoldconfig from help
and docs; fix kconfig/conf's help") mentioned, 'silentoldconfig' is a
historical misnomer. That commit removed it from help and docs since
it is an internal interface. If so, it should be allowed to rename
it to something more intuitive. 'syncconfig' is the one I came up
with because it updates the .config if necessary, then synchronize
include/generated/autoconf.h and include/config/* with it.
You should not manually invoke 'silentoldcofig'. Display warning if
used in case existing scripts are doing wrong.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Ulf Magnusson <ulfalizer@gmail.com>
If CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS is enabled and the kernel is built from
a pristine state, the vmlinux is linked twice.
[1] A user runs 'make'
[2] First build with empty autoksyms.h
[3] adjust_autoksyms.sh updates autoksyms.h and recurses 'make vmlinux'
--------(begin sub-make)--------
[4] Second build with new autoksyms.h
[5] link-vmlinux.sh is invoked because vmlinux is missing
---------(end sub-make)---------
[6] link-vmlinux.sh is invoked again despite vmlinux is up-to-date.
The reason of [6] is probably because Make already decided to update
vmlinux at the time of [2] because vmlinux was missing when Make
built up the dependency graph.
Because if_changed is implemented based on $?, this issue can be
narrowed down to how Make handles $?.
You can test it with the following simple code:
[Test Makefile]
A: B
@echo newer prerequisite: $?
cp B A
B: C
cp C B
touch A
[Result]
$ rm -f A B
$ touch C
$ make
cp C B
touch A
newer prerequisite: B
cp B A
Here, 'A' has been touched in the recipe of 'B'. So, the dependency
'A: B' has already been met before the recipe of 'A' is executed.
However, Make does not notice the fact that the recipe of 'B' also
updates 'A' as a side-effect.
The situation is similar in this case; the vmlinux has actually been
updated in the vmlinux_prereq target. Make cannot predict this, so
judges the vmlinux is old.
link-vmlinux.sh is costly, so it is better to not run it when unneeded.
Split CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS recursion to a dedicated target.
The reason of commit 2441e78b19 ("kbuild: better abstract vmlinux
sequential prerequisites") was to cater to CONFIG_BUILD_DOCSRC, but
it was later removed by commit 1848929251 ("samples: move blackfin
gptimers-example from Documentation").
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
The idea of using fixdep was inspired by Kconfig, but autoksyms
belongs to a different group. So, I want to move those touched
files under include/config/ksym/ to include/ksym/.
The directory include/ksym/ can be removed by 'make clean' because
it is meaningless for the external module building.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
The external module building does not need to parse this code because
KBUILD_MODULES is always set anyway.
Move this code inside the "ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),) ... endif" block.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Commit d3fc425e81 ("kbuild: make sure autoksyms.h exists early")
moved the code that touches autoksyms.h to scripts/kconfig/Makefile
with obscure reason.
From Nicolas' comment [1], he did not seem to be sure about the root
cause.
I guess I figured it out, so here is a fix-up I think is more correct.
According to the error log in the original post [2], the build failed
in scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.c
scripts/mod/Makefile is descended from scripts/Makefile, which is
invoked from the top-level Makefile by the 'scripts' target.
To build vmlinux and/or modules, Kbuild descend into $(vmlinux-dirs).
This depends on 'prepare' and 'scripts' as follows:
$(vmlinux-dirs): prepare scripts
Because there is no dependency between 'prepare' and 'scripts', the
parallel building can execute them simultaneously.
'prepare' depends on 'prepare1', which touched autoksyms.h, while
'scripts' descends into script/, then scripts/mod/, which needs
<generated/autoksyms.h> if CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS. It was the
reason of the race.
I am not happy to have unrelated code in the Kconfig Makefile, so
getting it back to the top Makefile.
I removed the standalone test target because I want to use it to
create an empty autoksyms.h file. Here is a little improvement;
unnecessary autoksyms.h is not created when CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
is disabled.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/11/30/734
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/11/30/531
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Just a trivial change to prepare for the next commit.
This target is still invisible from external module building.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Currently LDFLAGS is not cleared, so same flags are accumulated in
LDFLAGS when the top Makefile is recursively invoked.
I found unneeded rebuild for ARCH=arm64 when CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
is enabled. If include/generated/autoksyms.h is updated, the top
Makefile is recursively invoked, then arch/arm64/Makefile adds one
more '-maarch64linux'. Due to the command line change, modules are
rebuilt needlessly.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Support parallel building of clean, config, and build targets in a
single command.
For example,
make -j<N> clean all
or
make -j<N> mrproper defconfig all
They should be handled one by one.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Incremental linking is gone, so rename built-in.o to built-in.a, which
is the usual extension for archive files.
This patch does two things, first is a simple search/replace:
git grep -l 'built-in\.o' | xargs sed -i 's/built-in\.o/built-in\.a/g'
The second is to invert nesting of nested text manipulations to avoid
filtering built-in.a out from libs-y2:
-libs-y2 := $(filter-out %.a, $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(libs-y)))
+libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(filter-out %.a, $(libs-y)))
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Pull networking fixes from David Miller:
1) Always validate XFRM esn replay attribute, from Florian Westphal.
2) Fix RCU read lock imbalance in xfrm_get_tos(), from Xin Long.
3) Don't try to get firmware dump if not loaded in iwlwifi, from Shaul
Triebitz.
4) Fix BPF helpers to deal with SCTP GSO SKBs properly, from Daniel
Axtens.
5) Fix some interrupt handling issues in e1000e driver, from Benjamin
Poitier.
6) Use strlcpy() in several ethtool get_strings methods, from Florian
Fainelli.
7) Fix rhlist dup insertion, from Paul Blakey.
8) Fix SKB leak in netem packet scheduler, from Alexey Kodanev.
9) Fix driver unload crash when link is up in smsc911x, from Jeremy
Linton.
10) Purge out invalid socket types in l2tp_tunnel_create(), from Eric
Dumazet.
11) Need to purge the write queue when TCP connections are aborted,
otherwise userspace using MSG_ZEROCOPY can't close the fd. From
Soheil Hassas Yeganeh.
12) Fix double free in error path of team driver, from Arkadi
Sharshevsky.
13) Filter fixes for hv_netvsc driver, from Stephen Hemminger.
14) Fix non-linear packet access in ipv6 ndisc code, from Lorenzo
Bianconi.
15) Properly filter out unsupported feature flags in macvlan driver,
from Shannon Nelson.
16) Don't request loading the diag module for a protocol if the protocol
itself is not even registered. From Xin Long.
17) If datagram connect fails in ipv6, make sure the socket state is
consistent afterwards. From Paolo Abeni.
18) Use after free in qed driver, from Dan Carpenter.
19) If received ipv4 PMTU is less than the min pmtu, lock the mtu in the
entry. From Sabrina Dubroca.
20) Fix sleep in atomic in tg3 driver, from Jonathan Toppins.
21) Fix vlan in vlan untagging in some situations, from Toshiaki Makita.
22) Fix double SKB free in genlmsg_mcast(). From Nicolas Dichtel.
23) Fix NULL derefs in error paths of tcf_*_init(), from Davide Caratti.
24) Unbalanced PM runtime calls in FEC driver, from Florian Fainelli.
25) Memory leak in gemini driver, from Igor Pylypiv.
26) IDR leaks in error paths of tcf_*_init() functions, from Davide
Caratti.
27) Need to use GFP_ATOMIC in seg6_build_state(), from David Lebrun.
28) Missing dev_put() in error path of macsec_newlink(), from Dan
Carpenter.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (201 commits)
macsec: missing dev_put() on error in macsec_newlink()
net: dsa: Fix functional dsa-loop dependency on FIXED_PHY
hv_netvsc: common detach logic
hv_netvsc: change GPAD teardown order on older versions
hv_netvsc: use RCU to fix concurrent rx and queue changes
hv_netvsc: disable NAPI before channel close
net/ipv6: Handle onlink flag with multipath routes
ppp: avoid loop in xmit recursion detection code
ipv6: sr: fix NULL pointer dereference when setting encap source address
ipv6: sr: fix scheduling in RCU when creating seg6 lwtunnel state
net: aquantia: driver version bump
net: aquantia: Implement pci shutdown callback
net: aquantia: Allow live mac address changes
net: aquantia: Add tx clean budget and valid budget handling logic
net: aquantia: Change inefficient wait loop on fw data reads
net: aquantia: Fix a regression with reset on old firmware
net: aquantia: Fix hardware reset when SPI may rarely hangup
s390/qeth: on channel error, reject further cmd requests
s390/qeth: lock read device while queueing next buffer
s390/qeth: when thread completes, wake up all waiters
...
In order to make sure compiler flag detection for ARM works
correctly the no-integrated-as flags need to be set before
including the arch specific Makefile.
Fixes: cfe17c9bbe ("kbuild: move cc-option and cc-disable-warning after incl. arch Makefile")
Signed-off-by: Stefan Agner <stefan@agner.ch>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Prasad reported that he has seen crashes in BPF subsystem with netd
on Android with arm64 in the form of (note, the taint is unrelated):
[ 4134.721483] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 800000001
[ 4134.820925] Mem abort info:
[ 4134.901283] Exception class = DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
[ 4135.016736] SET = 0, FnV = 0
[ 4135.119820] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
[ 4135.201431] Data abort info:
[ 4135.301388] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000021
[ 4135.359599] CM = 0, WnR = 0
[ 4135.470873] user pgtable: 4k pages, 39-bit VAs, pgd = ffffffe39b946000
[ 4135.499757] [0000000800000001] *pgd=0000000000000000, *pud=0000000000000000
[ 4135.660725] Internal error: Oops: 96000021 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[ 4135.674610] Modules linked in:
[ 4135.682883] CPU: 5 PID: 1260 Comm: netd Tainted: G S W 4.14.19+ #1
[ 4135.716188] task: ffffffe39f4aa380 task.stack: ffffff801d4e0000
[ 4135.731599] PC is at bpf_prog_add+0x20/0x68
[ 4135.741746] LR is at bpf_prog_inc+0x20/0x2c
[ 4135.751788] pc : [<ffffff94ab7ad584>] lr : [<ffffff94ab7ad638>] pstate: 60400145
[ 4135.769062] sp : ffffff801d4e3ce0
[...]
[ 4136.258315] Process netd (pid: 1260, stack limit = 0xffffff801d4e0000)
[ 4136.273746] Call trace:
[...]
[ 4136.442494] 3ca0: ffffff94ab7ad584 0000000060400145 ffffffe3a01bf8f8 0000000000000006
[ 4136.460936] 3cc0: 0000008000000000 ffffff94ab844204 ffffff801d4e3cf0 ffffff94ab7ad584
[ 4136.479241] [<ffffff94ab7ad584>] bpf_prog_add+0x20/0x68
[ 4136.491767] [<ffffff94ab7ad638>] bpf_prog_inc+0x20/0x2c
[ 4136.504536] [<ffffff94ab7b5d08>] bpf_obj_get_user+0x204/0x22c
[ 4136.518746] [<ffffff94ab7ade68>] SyS_bpf+0x5a8/0x1a88
Android's netd was basically pinning the uid cookie BPF map in BPF
fs (/sys/fs/bpf/traffic_cookie_uid_map) and later on retrieving it
again resulting in above panic. Issue is that the map was wrongly
identified as a prog! Above kernel was compiled with clang 4.0,
and it turns out that clang decided to merge the bpf_prog_iops and
bpf_map_iops into a single memory location, such that the two i_ops
could then not be distinguished anymore.
Reason for this miscompilation is that clang has the more aggressive
-fmerge-all-constants enabled by default. In fact, clang source code
has a comment about it in lib/AST/ExprConstant.cpp on why it is okay
to do so:
Pointers with different bases cannot represent the same object.
(Note that clang defaults to -fmerge-all-constants, which can
lead to inconsistent results for comparisons involving the address
of a constant; this generally doesn't matter in practice.)
The issue never appeared with gcc however, since gcc does not enable
-fmerge-all-constants by default and even *explicitly* states in
it's option description that using this flag results in non-conforming
behavior, quote from man gcc:
Languages like C or C++ require each variable, including multiple
instances of the same variable in recursive calls, to have distinct
locations, so using this option results in non-conforming behavior.
There are also various clang bug reports open on that matter [1],
where clang developers acknowledge the non-conforming behavior,
and refer to disabling it with -fno-merge-all-constants. But even
if this gets fixed in clang today, there are already users out there
that triggered this. Thus, fix this issue by explicitly adding
-fno-merge-all-constants to the kernel's Makefile to generically
disable this optimization, since potentially other places in the
kernel could subtly break as well.
Note, there is also a flag called -fmerge-constants (not supported
by clang), which is more conservative and only applies to strings
and it's enabled in gcc's -O/-O2/-O3/-Os optimization levels. In
gcc's code, the two flags -fmerge-{all-,}constants share the same
variable internally, so when disabling it via -fno-merge-all-constants,
then we really don't merge any const data (e.g. strings), and text
size increases with gcc (14,927,214 -> 14,942,646 for vmlinux.o).
$ gcc -fverbose-asm -O2 foo.c -S -o foo.S
-> foo.S lists -fmerge-constants under options enabled
$ gcc -fverbose-asm -O2 -fno-merge-all-constants foo.c -S -o foo.S
-> foo.S doesn't list -fmerge-constants under options enabled
$ gcc -fverbose-asm -O2 -fno-merge-all-constants -fmerge-constants foo.c -S -o foo.S
-> foo.S lists -fmerge-constants under options enabled
Thus, as a workaround we need to set both -fno-merge-all-constants
*and* -fmerge-constants in the Makefile in order for text size to
stay as is.
[1] https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=18538
Reported-by: Prasad Sodagudi <psodagud@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Chenbo Feng <fengc@google.com>
Cc: Richard Smith <richard-llvm@metafoo.co.uk>
Cc: Chandler Carruth <chandlerc@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Tested-by: Prasad Sodagudi <psodagud@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
We want to start using asm-goto to guarantee the absence of dynamic
branches (and thus speculation).
A primary prerequisite for this is of course that the compiler
supports asm-goto. This effecively lifts the minimum GCC version to
build an x86 kernel to gcc-4.5.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180319201327.GJ4043@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net
The Tile architecture port was added by Chris Metcalf in 2010, and
maintained until early 2018 when he orphaned it due to his departure
from Mellanox, and nobody else stepped up to maintain it. The product
line is still around in the form of the BlueField SoC, but no longer
uses the Tile architecture.
There are also still products for sale with Tile-GX SoCs, notably the
Mikrotik CCR router family. The products all use old (linux-3.3) kernels
with lots of patches and won't be upgraded by their manufacturers. There
have been efforts to port both OpenWRT and Debian to these, but both
projects have stalled and are very unlikely to be continued in the future.
Given that we are reasonably sure that nobody is still using the port
with an upstream kernel any more, it seems better to remove it now while
the port is in a good shape than to let it bitrot for a few years first.
Cc: Chris Metcalf <chris.d.metcalf@gmail.com>
Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de>
Link: http://www.mellanox.com/page/npu_multicore_overview
Link: https://jenkins.debian.net/view/rebootstrap/job/rebootstrap_tilegx_gcc7/
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
- suppress sparse warnings about unknown attributes
- fix typos and stale comments
- fix build error of arch/sh
- fix wrong use of ld-option vs cc-ldoption
- remove redundant GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS assignment
- fix another memory leak of Kconfig
- fix line number in error messages of Kconfig
- do not write confusing CONFIG_DEFCONFIG_LIST out to .config
- add xstrdup() to Kconfig to handle memory shortage errors
- show also a Debian package name if ncurses is missing
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Merge tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild fixes from Masahiro Yamada:
- suppress sparse warnings about unknown attributes
- fix typos and stale comments
- fix build error of arch/sh
- fix wrong use of ld-option vs cc-ldoption
- remove redundant GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS assignment
- fix another memory leak of Kconfig
- fix line number in error messages of Kconfig
- do not write confusing CONFIG_DEFCONFIG_LIST out to .config
- add xstrdup() to Kconfig to handle memory shortage errors
- show also a Debian package name if ncurses is missing
* tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
MAINTAINERS: take over Kconfig maintainership
kconfig: fix line number in recursive inclusion error message
Coccinelle: memdup: Fix typo in warning messages
kconfig: Update ncurses package names for menuconfig
kbuild/kallsyms: trivial typo fix
kbuild: test --build-id linker flag by ld-option instead of cc-ldoption
kbuild: drop superfluous GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS assignment
kconfig: Don't leak choice names during parsing
sh: fix build error for empty CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB_SOURCE
kconfig: set SYMBOL_AUTO to the symbol marked with defconfig_list
kconfig: add xstrdup() helper
kbuild: disable sparse warnings about unknown attributes
Makefile: Fix lying comment re. silentoldconfig
'--build-id' is passed to $(LD), so it should be tested by 'ld-option'.
This seems a kind of misconversion when ld-option was renamed to
cc-ldoption.
Commit f86fd30660 ("kbuild: rename ld-option to cc-ldoption") renamed
all instances of 'ld-option' to 'cc-ldoption'.
Then, commit 691ef3e7fd ("kbuild: introduce ld-option") re-added
'ld-option' as a new implementation.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Currently, sparse issues warnings on code using an attribute
it doesn't know about.
One of the problem with this is that these warnings have no
value for the developer, it's just noise for him. At best these
warnings tell something about some deficiencies of sparse itself
but not about a potential problem with code analyzed.
A second problem with this is that sparse release are, alas,
less frequent than new attributes are added to GCC.
So, avoid the noise by asking sparse to not warn about
attributes it doesn't know about.
Reference: https://marc.info/?l=linux-sparse&m=151871600016790
Reference: https://marc.info/?l=linux-sparse&m=151871725417322
Signed-off-by: Luc Van Oostenryck <luc.vanoostenryck@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
The comment above the silentoldconfig invocation is outdated.
'make oldconfig' updates just .config and doesn't touch the
include/config/ tree.
This came up in https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/2/12/415.
While fixing the comment, make it more informative by explaining the
purpose of the unfortunately named silentoldconfig.
I can't make sense of the comment re. auto.conf.cmd and a cleaned tree.
include/config/auto.conf and include/config/auto.conf.cmd are both
created simultaneously by silentoldconfig (in
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c, by conf_write_autoconf()), and nothing seems
to remove auto.conf.cmd that wouldn't remove auto.conf. Remove that part
of the comment rather than blindly copying it. It might be a leftover
from an older way of doing things.
The include/config/auto.conf.cmd prerequisite might be there to ensure
that silentoldconfig gets rerun if conf_write_autoconf() fails between
writing out auto.conf.cmd and auto.conf (a comment in the function
indicates that auto.conf is deliberately written out last to mark
completion of the operation). It seems the Makefile dependency between
include/config/auto.conf and .config would already take care of that
though, since include/config/auto.conf would still be out of date re.
.config if the operation fails.
Cop out and leave the prerequisite in for now.
Signed-off-by: Ulf Magnusson <ulfalizer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
"Yet another pile of melted spectrum related changes:
- sanitize the array_index_nospec protection mechanism: Remove the
overengineered array_index_nospec_mask_check() magic and allow
const-qualified types as index to avoid temporary storage in a
non-const local variable.
- make the microcode loader more robust by properly propagating error
codes. Provide information about new feature bits after micro code
was updated so administrators can act upon.
- optimizations of the entry ASM code which reduce code footprint and
make the code simpler and faster.
- fix the {pmd,pud}_{set,clear}_flags() implementations to work
properly on paravirt kernels by removing the address translation
operations.
- revert the harmful vmexit_fill_RSB() optimization
- use IBRS around firmware calls
- teach objtool about retpolines and add annotations for indirect
jumps and calls.
- explicitly disable jumplabel patching in __init code and handle
patching failures properly instead of silently ignoring them.
- remove indirect paravirt calls for writing the speculation control
MSR as these calls are obviously proving the same attack vector
which is tried to be mitigated.
- a few small fixes which address build issues with recent compiler
and assembler versions"
* 'x86-pti-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (38 commits)
KVM/VMX: Optimize vmx_vcpu_run() and svm_vcpu_run() by marking the RDMSR path as unlikely()
KVM/x86: Remove indirect MSR op calls from SPEC_CTRL
objtool, retpolines: Integrate objtool with retpoline support more closely
x86/entry/64: Simplify ENCODE_FRAME_POINTER
extable: Make init_kernel_text() global
jump_label: Warn on failed jump_label patching attempt
jump_label: Explicitly disable jump labels in __init code
x86/entry/64: Open-code switch_to_thread_stack()
x86/entry/64: Move ASM_CLAC to interrupt_entry()
x86/entry/64: Remove 'interrupt' macro
x86/entry/64: Move the switch_to_thread_stack() call to interrupt_entry()
x86/entry/64: Move ENTER_IRQ_STACK from interrupt macro to interrupt_entry
x86/entry/64: Move PUSH_AND_CLEAR_REGS from interrupt macro to helper function
x86/speculation: Move firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_*() from C to CPP
objtool: Add module specific retpoline rules
objtool: Add retpoline validation
objtool: Use existing global variables for options
x86/mm/sme, objtool: Annotate indirect call in sme_encrypt_execute()
x86/boot, objtool: Annotate indirect jump in secondary_startup_64()
x86/paravirt, objtool: Annotate indirect calls
...
Disable retpoline validation in objtool if your compiler sucks, and otherwise
select the validation stuff for CONFIG_RETPOLINE=y (most builds would already
have it set due to ORC).
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Makefile changes:
- enable unused-variable warning that was wrongly disabled for clang
Kconfig changes:
- warn blank 'help' and fix existing instances
- fix 'choice' behavior to not write out invisible symbols
- fix misc weirdness
Coccinell changes:
- fix false positive of free after managed memory alloc detection
- improve performance of NULL dereference detection
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v4.16-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull more Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
"Makefile changes:
- enable unused-variable warning that was wrongly disabled for clang
Kconfig changes:
- warn about blank 'help' and fix existing instances
- fix 'choice' behavior to not write out invisible symbols
- fix misc weirdness
Coccinell changes:
- fix false positive of free after managed memory alloc detection
- improve performance of NULL dereference detection"
* tag 'kbuild-v4.16-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (21 commits)
kconfig: remove const qualifier from sym_expand_string_value()
kconfig: add xrealloc() helper
kconfig: send error messages to stderr
kconfig: echo stdin to stdout if either is redirected
kconfig: remove check_stdin()
kconfig: remove 'config*' pattern from .gitignnore
kconfig: show '?' prompt even if no help text is available
kconfig: do not write choice values when their dependency becomes n
coccinelle: deref_null: avoid useless computation
coccinelle: devm_free: reduce false positives
kbuild: clang: disable unused variable warnings only when constant
kconfig: Warn if help text is blank
nios2: kconfig: Remove blank help text
arm: vt8500: kconfig: Remove blank help text
MIPS: kconfig: Remove blank help text
MIPS: BCM63XX: kconfig: Remove blank help text
lib/Kconfig.debug: Remove blank help text
Staging: rtl8192e: kconfig: Remove blank help text
Staging: rtl8192u: kconfig: Remove blank help text
mmc: kconfig: Remove blank help text
...
Nearly all modern compilers support a stack-protector option, and nearly
all modern distributions enable the kernel stack-protector, so enabling
this by default in kernel builds would make sense. However, Kconfig does
not have knowledge of available compiler features, so it isn't safe to
force on, as this would unconditionally break builds for the compilers or
architectures that don't have support. Instead, this introduces a new
option, CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR_AUTO, which attempts to discover the best
possible stack-protector available, and will allow builds to proceed even
if the compiler doesn't support any stack-protector.
This option is made the default so that kernels built with modern
compilers will be protected-by-default against stack buffer overflows,
avoiding things like the recent BlueBorne attack. Selection of a specific
stack-protector option remains available, including disabling it.
Additionally, tiny.config is adjusted to use CC_STACKPROTECTOR_NONE, since
that's the option with the least code size (and it used to be the default,
so we have to explicitly choose it there now).
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1510076320-69931-4-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Various portions of the kernel, especially per-architecture pieces,
need to know if the compiler is building with the stack protector.
This was done in the arch/Kconfig with 'select', but this doesn't
allow a way to do auto-detected compiler support. In preparation for
creating an on-if-available default, move the logic for the definition of
CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR into the Makefile.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1510076320-69931-3-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In order to make stack-protector failures warn instead of unconditionally
breaking the build, this moves the compiler output sanity-check earlier,
and sets a flag for later testing. Future patches can choose to warn or
fail, depending on the flag value.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1510076320-69931-2-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With KASAN enabled the kernel has two different memset() functions, one
with KASAN checks (memset) and one without (__memset). KASAN uses some
macro tricks to use the proper version where required. For example
memset() calls in mm/slub.c are without KASAN checks, since they operate
on poisoned slab object metadata.
The issue is that clang emits memset() calls even when there is no
memset() in the source code. They get linked with improper memset()
implementation and the kernel fails to boot due to a huge amount of KASAN
reports during early boot stages.
The solution is to add -fno-builtin flag for files with KASAN_SANITIZE :=
n marker.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/8ffecfffe04088c52c42b92739c2bd8a0bcb3f5e.1516384594.git.andreyknvl@google.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, GCC disables -Wunused-const-variable, but not
-Wunused-variable, so warns unused variables if they are
non-constant.
While, Clang does not warn unused variables at all regardless of
the const qualifier because -Wno-unused-const-variable is implied
by the stronger option -Wno-unused-variable.
Disable -Wunused-const-variable instead of -Wunused-variable so that
GCC and Clang work in the same way.
Signed-off-by: Prasad Sodagudi <psodagud@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
A pretty big batch of Kconfig updates. I have to mention the lexer
and parser of Kconfig are now built from real .l and .y sources.
So, flex and bison are the requirement for building the kernel.
Both of them (unlike gperf) have been stable for a long time. This
change has been tested several weeks in linux-next, and I did not
receive any problem report about this.
Summary:
- Add checks for mistakes, like the choice default is not in
choice, help is doubled
- Document data structure and complex code
- Fix various memory leaks
- Change Makefile to build lexer and parser instead of using
pre-generated C files
- Drop 'boolean' keyword, which is equivalent to 'bool'
- Use default 'yy' prefix and remove unneeded Make variables
- Fix gettext() check for xconfig
- Announce that oldnoconfig will be finally removed
- Make 'Selected by:' and 'Implied by' readable in help and
search result
- Hide silentoldconfig from 'make help' to stop confusing people
- Fix misc things and cleanups
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Merge tag 'kconfig-v4.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kconfig updates from Masahiro Yamada:
"A pretty big batch of Kconfig updates.
I have to mention the lexer and parser of Kconfig are now built from
real .l and .y sources. So, flex and bison are the requirement for
building the kernel. Both of them (unlike gperf) have been stable for
a long time. This change has been tested several weeks in linux-next,
and I did not receive any problem report about this.
Summary:
- add checks for mistakes, like the choice default is not in choice,
help is doubled
- document data structure and complex code
- fix various memory leaks
- change Makefile to build lexer and parser instead of using
pre-generated C files
- drop 'boolean' keyword, which is equivalent to 'bool'
- use default 'yy' prefix and remove unneeded Make variables
- fix gettext() check for xconfig
- announce that oldnoconfig will be finally removed
- make 'Selected by:' and 'Implied by' readable in help and search
result
- hide silentoldconfig from 'make help' to stop confusing people
- fix misc things and cleanups"
* tag 'kconfig-v4.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (37 commits)
kconfig: Remove silentoldconfig from help and docs; fix kconfig/conf's help
kconfig: make "Selected by:" and "Implied by:" readable
kconfig: announce removal of oldnoconfig if used
kconfig: fix make xconfig when gettext is missing
kconfig: Clarify menu and 'if' dependency propagation
kconfig: Document 'if' flattening logic
kconfig: Clarify choice dependency propagation
kconfig: Document SYMBOL_OPTIONAL logic
kbuild: remove unnecessary LEX_PREFIX and YACC_PREFIX
kconfig: use default 'yy' prefix for lexer and parser
kconfig: make conf_unsaved a local variable of conf_read()
kconfig: make xfgets() really static
kconfig: make input_mode static
kconfig: Warn if there is more than one help text
kconfig: drop 'boolean' keyword
kconfig: use bool instead of boolean for type definition attributes, again
kconfig: Remove menu_end_entry()
kconfig: Document important expression functions
kconfig: Document automatic submenu creation code
kconfig: Fix choice symbol expression leak
...
- fix cross-compilation for architectures that setup CROSS_COMPILE
in their arch Makefile
- fix Kconfig rational operators for bool / tristate
- drop a gperf-generated file from .gitignore
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Merge tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild fixes from Masahiro Yamada:
- fix cross-compilation for architectures that setup CROSS_COMPILE in
their arch Makefile
- fix Kconfig rational operators for bool / tristate
- drop a gperf-generated file from .gitignore
* tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
genksyms: drop *.hash.c from .gitignore
kconfig: fix relational operators for bool and tristate symbols
kbuild: move cc-option and cc-disable-warning after incl. arch Makefile
It appears that hardened gentoo enables "-fstack-check" by default for
gcc.
That doesn't work _at_all_ for the kernel, because the kernel stack
doesn't act like a user stack at all: it's much smaller, and it doesn't
auto-expand on use. So the extra "probe one page below the stack" code
generated by -fstack-check just breaks the kernel in horrible ways,
causing infinite double faults etc.
[ I have to say, that the particular code gcc generates looks very
stupid even for user space where it works, but that's a separate
issue. ]
Reported-and-tested-by: Alexander Tsoy <alexander@tsoy.me>
Reported-and-tested-by: Toralf Förster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Allow users to use their favorite lexer / parser generators.
This is useful for me to test various flex and bison versions.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Geert reported commit ae6b289a37 ("kbuild: Set KBUILD_CFLAGS before
incl. arch Makefile") broke cross-compilation using a cross-compiler
that supports less compiler options than the host compiler.
For example,
cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-Wno-unused-but-set-variable"
This problem happens on architectures that setup CROSS_COMPILE in their
arch/*/Makefile.
Move the cc-option and cc-disable-warning back to the original position,
but keep the Clang target options untouched.
Fixes: ae6b289a37 ("kbuild: Set KBUILD_CFLAGS before incl. arch Makefile")
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
The "rpm" has been kept for backward compatibility since pre-git era.
I am planning to remove it after the Linux 4.18 release. Annouce the
end of the support, prompting to use "rpm-pkg" instead.
If you use "rpm", it will work like "rpm-pkg", but warning messages
will be displayed as follows:
WARNING: "rpm" target will be removed after Linux 4.18
Please use "rpm-pkg" instead.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Set the clang KBUILD_CFLAGS up before including arch/ Makefiles,
so that ld-options (etc.) can work correctly.
This fixes errors with clang such as ld-options trying to CC
against your host architecture, but LD trying to link against
your target architecture.
Signed-off-by: Chris Fries <cfries@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
"obj-y += foo/" syntax requires Kbuild to visit the "foo" subdirectory
and link built-in.o from that directory. This means foo/Makefile is
responsible for creating built-in.o even if there is no object to
link (in this case, built-in.o is an empty archive).
We have had several fixups like commit 4b024242e8 ("kbuild: Fix
linking error built-in.o no such file or directory"), then ended up
with a complex condition as follows:
ifneq ($(strip $(obj-y) $(obj-m) $(obj-) $(subdir-m) $(lib-target)),)
builtin-target := $(obj)/built-in.o
endif
We still have more cases not covered by the above, so we need to add
obj- := dummy.o
in several places just for creating empty built-in.o.
A key point is, the parent Makefile knows whether built-in.o is needed
or not. If a subdirectory needs to create built-in.o, its parent can
tell the fact when descending.
If non-empty $(need-builtin) flag is passed from the parent, built-in.o
should be created. $(obj-y) should be still checked to support the
single target "%/". All of ugly tricks will go away.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Most places use pwd and rely on $PATH lookup. Moving the remaining
absolute path /bin/pwd users over for consistency.
Also, a reason for doing /bin/pwd -> pwd instead of the other way around
is because I believe build systems should make little assumptions on
host filesystem layout. Case in point, we do this kind of patching
already in NixOS.
Ref. commit 028568d84d
("kbuild: revert $(realpath ...) to $(shell cd ... && /bin/pwd)").
Signed-off-by: Bjørn Forsman <bjorn.forsman@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
One of the most remarkable improvements in this cycle is, Kbuild is
now able to cache the result of shell commands. Some variables are
expensive to compute, for example, $(call cc-option,...) invokes the
compiler. It is not efficient to redo this computation every time,
even when we are not actually building anything. Kbuild creates a
hidden file ".cache.mk" that contains invoked shell commands and
their results. The speed-up should be noticeable.
Summary:
- Fix arch build issues (hexagon, sh)
- Clean up various Makefiles and scripts
- Fix wrong usage of {CFLAGS,LDFLAGS}_MODULE in arch Makefiles
- Cache variables that are expensive to compute
- Improve cc-ldopton and ld-option for Clang
- Optimize output directory creation
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
"One of the most remarkable improvements in this cycle is, Kbuild is
now able to cache the result of shell commands. Some variables are
expensive to compute, for example, $(call cc-option,...) invokes the
compiler. It is not efficient to redo this computation every time,
even when we are not actually building anything. Kbuild creates a
hidden file ".cache.mk" that contains invoked shell commands and their
results. The speed-up should be noticeable.
Summary:
- Fix arch build issues (hexagon, sh)
- Clean up various Makefiles and scripts
- Fix wrong usage of {CFLAGS,LDFLAGS}_MODULE in arch Makefiles
- Cache variables that are expensive to compute
- Improve cc-ldopton and ld-option for Clang
- Optimize output directory creation"
* tag 'kbuild-v4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (30 commits)
kbuild: move coccicheck help from scripts/Makefile.help to top Makefile
sh: decompressor: add shipped files to .gitignore
frv: .gitignore: ignore vmlinux.lds
selinux: remove unnecessary assignment to subdir-
kbuild: specify FORCE in Makefile.headersinst as .PHONY target
kbuild: remove redundant mkdir from ./Kbuild
kbuild: optimize object directory creation for incremental build
kbuild: create object directories simpler and faster
kbuild: filter-out PHONY targets from "targets"
kbuild: remove redundant $(wildcard ...) for cmd_files calculation
kbuild: create directory for make cache only when necessary
sh: select KBUILD_DEFCONFIG depending on ARCH
kbuild: fix linker feature test macros when cross compiling with Clang
kbuild: shrink .cache.mk when it exceeds 1000 lines
kbuild: do not call cc-option before KBUILD_CFLAGS initialization
kbuild: Cache a few more calls to the compiler
kbuild: Add a cache for generated variables
kbuild: add forward declaration of default target to Makefile.asm-generic
kbuild: remove KBUILD_SUBDIR_ASFLAGS and KBUILD_SUBDIR_CCFLAGS
hexagon/kbuild: replace CFLAGS_MODULE with KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE
...
The flag enables Clang instrumentation of comparison operations
(currently not supported by GCC). This instrumentation is needed by the
new KCOV device to collect comparison operands.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171011095459.70721-2-glider@google.com
Signed-off-by: Victor Chibotaru <tchibo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@linux.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com>
Cc: <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In my view, it is not helpful to have a separate file just for
the coccicheck help message. Merge scripts/Makefile.help into
the top-level Makefile.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@lip6.fr>
I do not see any reason why $(wildcard ...) needs to be called twice
for computing cmd_files. Remove the first one.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
This tag contains the core RISC-V Linux port, which has been through
nine rounds of review on various mailing lists. The port is not
complete: there's some cleanup patches moving through the review
process, a whole bunch of drivers that need some work, and a lot of
feature additions that will be needed.
The patches contained in this tag have been through nine rounds of
review on the various mailing lists. I have some outstanding cleanup
patches, but since there's been so much review on these patches I
thought it would be best to submit them as-is and then submit explicit
cleanup patches so everyone can review them. This first patch set is
big enough that it's a bit of a pain to constantly rewrite, and it's
caused a few headaches with various contributors.
The port is definately a work in progress. While what's there builds
and boots with 4.14, it's a bit hard to actually see anything happen
because there are no device drivers yet. I maintain a staging branch
that contains all the device drivers and cleanup that actually works,
but those patches won't all be ready for a while. I'd like to get what
we currently have into your tree so everyone can start working from a
single base -- of particular importance is allowing the glibc
upstreaming process to proceed so we can sort out any possibly lingering
user-visible ABI problems we might have.
Copied below is the ChangeLog that contains the history of this patch
set:
(v9) As per suggestions on our v8 patch set, I've split the core architecture code
out from our drivers and would like to submit this patch set to be included
into linux-next, with the goal being to be merged in during the next merge
window. This patch set is based on 4.14-rc2, but if it's better to have it
based on something else then I can change it around.
This patch set contains just the core arch code for RISC-V, so while it builds
an nominally boots, you can't print or take an interrupt so it's not that
useful. If you're looking to actually boot a system it would probably be
better to use the full patch set listed below.
We've collected a handful of tags from reviewers, and the remainder of the
patch set only got minimal feedback last time. Here's what changed:
* We now use the device tree to initialize the timer driver so it's less
tighly coupled with the arch port.
* I cleaned up the defconfigs -- there's actually now just one, and it's
empty. For now I think we're OK with what the kernel sets as defaults, but
I anticipate we'll begin to expand this as people start to use the port
more.
* The VDSO symbols version is sane.
* We WFI while spinning in the boot loop.
* A handful of comments have been added.
While there are still a handful of FIXMEs in this patch set, we've started to
get enough interest from various users and contributors that maintaining an out
of tree patch set is starting to become a big burden. Hopefully the patches
are good enough to merge now, which will at least get everyone working in a
more reasonable manner as we clean up the remaining issues.
This patch set is also availiable on github
https://github.com/riscv/riscv-linux/tree/riscv-for-submission-v9-arch
as is the entire patch set necessary to get a more functional RISC-V system up
and running, including a handful of patches that aren't ready for upstream yet.
https://github.com/riscv/riscv-linux/tree/riscv-for-submission-v9
Hopefully I've managed to get everyone's feedback
Here's the change highlights from the whole patch set:
(v8) I know it may not be the ideal time to submit a patch set right now, as
it's the middle of the merge window, but things have calmed down quite a bit in
the last month so I thought it would be good to get everyone on the same page.
There's been a handful of changes since the last patch set, but most of them
are fairly minor:
* We changed PAGE_OFFSET to allowing mapping more physical memory on 64-bit
systems. This is user configurable, as it triggers a different code model
that generates slightly less efficient code.
* The device tree binding documentation is back, I'd managed to lose it at some
point.
* We now pass the atomic64 test suite. The SBI timer driver has been
* refactored.
(v7) It's been a while since my last patch set, but the changes han been fairly
minimal:
* The PCI cleanup patches have been dropped, we'll do them as a separate patch
set later.
* We've the Kconfig entries from CONFIG_ISA_* to CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_*, to make
grep easier.
* There have been a handful of memory model related tweaks in I/O land,
particularly relating the PCI and the upcoming platform specification.
There are significant comments in the relevant files. This is still a WIP,
but I think we're close to getting as good as we're going to get until we
end up with some more specifications.
(v6) As it's been only a day since the v5 patch set, the changes are pretty
minimal:
* The patch set is now based on linux-next/master, which I believe is a better
base now that we're getting closer to upstream.
* EARLY_PRINTK is no longer an option. Since the SBI console is reasonable,
there's no penalty to enabling it (and thus no benefit to disabling it).
* The mmap syscalls were refactored a bit.
(v5) Things have really started to calm down, so this is fairly similar to the
v4 patch set. The most interesting changes include:
* We've moved back to a single patch set.
* SMP support has been fixed, I was accidentally running on a non-SMP
configuration. There were various mistakes all over the tree as a result of
this.
* The cmpxchg syscalls have been removed, as they were deemed a bad idea. As
a result, RISC-V Linux systems mandate the A extension. The corresponding
Kconfig entry to enable builds on non-A systems has been removed.
* A few more atomic fixes: mostly fence changes, but those resulted in a
handful of additional macros that were no longer necessary.
* riscv_early_sie has been removed.
(v4) There have only been a few changes since the v3 patch set:
* The cmpxchg64 syscall is no longer enabled on 32-bit systems. It's not
possible to provide this on SMP systems, and it's not necessary as glibc
knows not to call it.
* We provide a ELF_HWCAP so users can determine the ISA of the machine the
kernel is running on.
* The multi-line comments are in a better form.
* There were a handful of headers that could be replaced with the asm-generic
versions, and a few unnecessary definitions.
* We no longer use printk, but instead use pr_*.
* A few Kconfig and defconfig entries have been cleaned up.
(v3) A highlight of the changes since the v2 patch set includes:
* We've split out all our drivers into separate patch sets, which I've already
sent out to the relevant maintainers. I haven't included those patches in
this patch set, but some of them are necessary to build our port. A git
tree that contains all our patch sets merged together lives at
<https://github.com/riscv/riscv-linux/tree/riscv-for-submission-v3>.
* The patch set is now split up differently: rather than being split per
directory it is split per topic. Hopefully this will make it easier to
review the port on the mailing list. The split is a bit rough, so you
probably still want to look at the patch set as a whole.
* atomic.h has been completely rewritten and is hopefully now correct. I've
attempted to sanitize the various other memory model related code as well,
and I think it should all be sane now aside from a handful of FIXMEs
commented in the code.
* We've changed the cmpexchg syscall to always exist and to not be
multiplexed. There is also a VDSO entry for compare and exchange, which
allows kernels with the A extension to execute user code without the A
extension reasonably fast.
* Our user-visible register state now contains enough space for the Q
extension for 128-bit floating point, as well as a few words to allow
extensibility to future ISA extensions like the eventual V extension for
vectors.
* A handful of driver cleanups, but these have been split into separate patch
sets now so I won't duplicate them here.
(v2) A highlight of the changes since the v1 patch set includes:
* We've split out our drivers into the right places, which means now there's
a lot more patches. I'll be submitting these patches to various subsystem
maintainers and including them in any future RISC-V patch sets until
they've been merged.
* The SBI console driver has been completely rewritten to use the HVC helpers
and is now significantly smaller.
* We've begun to use weaker barriers as opposed to just the big "fence".
There's still some work to do here, specifically:
- We need fences in the relaxed MMIO functions.
- The non-relaxed MMIO functions are missing R/W bits on their fences.
- Many AMOs need the aq and rl bits set.
* We now have thread_info in task_struct. As a result, sscratch now contains
TP instead of SP. This was necessary because thread_info is no longer on
the stack.
* A few shared routines have been added that we use instead of creating
another arch copy.
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Merge tag 'riscv-for-linus-4.15-arch-v9-premerge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/palmer/linux
Pull RISC-V architecture support from Palmer Dabbelt:
"This contains the core RISC-V Linux port, which has been through nine
rounds of review on various mailing lists. The port is not complete:
there's some cleanup patches moving through the review process, a
whole bunch of drivers that need some work, and a lot of feature
additions that will be needed.
The patches contained in this tag have been through nine rounds of
review on the various mailing lists. I have some outstanding cleanup
patches, but since there's been so much review on these patches I
thought it would be best to submit them as-is and then submit explicit
cleanup patches so everyone can review them. This first patch set is
big enough that it's a bit of a pain to constantly rewrite, and it's
caused a few headaches with various contributors.
The port is definately a work in progress. While what's there builds
and boots with 4.14, it's a bit hard to actually see anything happen
because there are no device drivers yet. I maintain a staging branch
that contains all the device drivers and cleanup that actually works,
but those patches won't all be ready for a while. I'd like to get what
we currently have into your tree so everyone can start working from a
single base -- of particular importance is allowing the glibc
upstreaming process to proceed so we can sort out any possibly
lingering user-visible ABI problems we might have.
Copied below is the ChangeLog that contains the history of this patch
set:
(v9) As per suggestions on our v8 patch set, I've split the core
architecture code out from our drivers and would like to submit
this patch set to be included into linux-next, with the goal
being to be merged in during the next merge window. This patch
set is based on 4.14-rc2, but if it's better to have it based on
something else then I can change it around.
This patch set contains just the core arch code for RISC-V, so
while it builds an nominally boots, you can't print or take an
interrupt so it's not that useful. If you're looking to actually
boot a system it would probably be better to use the full patch
set listed below.
We've collected a handful of tags from reviewers, and the
remainder of the patch set only got minimal feedback last time.
Here's what changed:
- We now use the device tree to initialize the timer driver so
it's less tighly coupled with the arch port.
- I cleaned up the defconfigs -- there's actually now just one,
and it's empty. For now I think we're OK with what the kernel
sets as defaults, but I anticipate we'll begin to expand this
as people start to use the port more.
- The VDSO symbols version is sane.
- We WFI while spinning in the boot loop.
- A handful of comments have been added.
While there are still a handful of FIXMEs in this patch set,
we've started to get enough interest from various users and
contributors that maintaining an out of tree patch set is
starting to become a big burden. Hopefully the patches are good
enough to merge now, which will at least get everyone working in
a more reasonable manner as we clean up the remaining issues.
(v8) I know it may not be the ideal time to submit a patch set right
now, as it's the middle of the merge window, but things have
calmed down quite a bit in the last month so I thought it would
be good to get everyone on the same page. There's been a handful
of changes since the last patch set, but most of them are fairly
minor:
- We changed PAGE_OFFSET to allowing mapping more physical
memory on 64-bit systems. This is user configurable, as it
triggers a different code model that generates slightly less
efficient code.
- The device tree binding documentation is back, I'd managed to
lose it at some point.
- We now pass the atomic64 test suite
- The SBI timer driver has been refactored.
(v7) It's been a while since my last patch set, but the changes han
been fairly minimal:
- The PCI cleanup patches have been dropped, we'll do them as a
separate patch set later.
- We've the Kconfig entries from CONFIG_ISA_* to
CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_*, to make grep easier.
- There have been a handful of memory model related tweaks in
I/O land, particularly relating the PCI and the upcoming
platform specification. There are significant comments in the
relevant files. This is still a WIP, but I think we're close
to getting as good as we're going to get until we end up with
some more specifications.
(v6) As it's been only a day since the v5 patch set, the changes are
pretty minimal:
- The patch set is now based on linux-next/master, which I
believe is a better base now that we're getting closer to
upstream.
- EARLY_PRINTK is no longer an option. Since the SBI console is
reasonable, there's no penalty to enabling it (and thus no
benefit to disabling it).
- The mmap syscalls were refactored a bit.
(v5) Things have really started to calm down, so this is fairly
similar to the v4 patch set. The most interesting changes
include:
- We've moved back to a single patch set.
- SMP support has been fixed, I was accidentally running on a
non-SMP configuration. There were various mistakes all over
the tree as a result of this.
- The cmpxchg syscalls have been removed, as they were deemed a
bad idea. As a result, RISC-V Linux systems mandate the A
extension. The corresponding Kconfig entry to enable builds
on non-A systems has been removed.
- A few more atomic fixes: mostly fence changes, but those
resulted in a handful of additional macros that were no
longer necessary.
- riscv_early_sie has been removed.
(v4) There have only been a few changes since the v3 patch set:
- The cmpxchg64 syscall is no longer enabled on 32-bit systems.
It's not possible to provide this on SMP systems, and it's
not necessary as glibc knows not to call it.
- We provide a ELF_HWCAP so users can determine the ISA of the
machine the kernel is running on.
- The multi-line comments are in a better form.
- There were a handful of headers that could be replaced with
the asm-generic versions, and a few unnecessary definitions.
- We no longer use printk, but instead use pr_*.
- A few Kconfig and defconfig entries have been cleaned up.
(v3) A highlight of the changes since the v2 patch set includes:
- We've split out all our drivers into separate patch sets,
which I've already sent out to the relevant maintainers. I
haven't included those patches in this patch set, but some of
them are necessary to build our port.
- The patch set is now split up differently: rather than being
split per directory it is split per topic. Hopefully this
will make it easier to review the port on the mailing list.
The split is a bit rough, so you probably still want to look
at the patch set as a whole.
- atomic.h has been completely rewritten and is hopefully now
correct. I've attempted to sanitize the various other memory
model related code as well, and I think it should all be sane
now aside from a handful of FIXMEs commented in the code.
- We've changed the cmpexchg syscall to always exist and to not
be multiplexed. There is also a VDSO entry for compare and
exchange, which allows kernels with the A extension to
execute user code without the A extension reasonably fast.
- Our user-visible register state now contains enough space for
the Q extension for 128-bit floating point, as well as a few
words to allow extensibility to future ISA extensions like
the eventual V extension for vectors.
- A handful of driver cleanups, but these have been split into
separate patch sets now so I won't duplicate them here.
(v2) A highlight of the changes since the v1 patch set includes:
- We've split out our drivers into the right places, which
means now there's a lot more patches. I'll be submitting
these patches to various subsystem maintainers and including
them in any future RISC-V patch sets until they've been
merged.
- The SBI console driver has been completely rewritten to use
the HVC helpers and is now significantly smaller.
- We've begun to use weaker barriers as opposed to just the big
"fence". There's still some work to do here, specifically:
- We need fences in the relaxed MMIO functions.
- The non-relaxed MMIO functions are missing R/W bits on their fences.
- Many AMOs need the aq and rl bits set.
- We now have thread_info in task_struct. As a result, sscratch
now contains TP instead of SP. This was necessary because
thread_info is no longer on the stack.
- A few shared routines have been added that we use instead of
creating another arch copy"
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
* tag 'riscv-for-linus-4.15-arch-v9-premerge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/palmer/linux:
RISC-V: Build Infrastructure
RISC-V: User-facing API
RISC-V: Paging and MMU
RISC-V: Device, timer, IRQs, and the SBI
RISC-V: Task implementation
RISC-V: ELF and module implementation
RISC-V: Generic library routines and assembly
RISC-V: Atomic and Locking Code
RISC-V: Init and Halt Code
dt-bindings: RISC-V CPU Bindings
lib: Add shared copies of some GCC library routines
MAINTAINERS: Add RISC-V
- kbuild cleanups and improvements for dtbs
- Code clean-up of overlay code and fixing for some long standing memory
leak and race condition in applying overlays
- Improvements to DT memory usage making sysfs/kobjects optional and
skipping unflattening of disabled nodes. This is part of kernel
tinification efforts.
- Final piece of removing storing the full path for every DT node. The
prerequisite conversion of printk's to use device_node format
specifier happened in 4.14.
- Sync with current upstream dtc. This brings additional checks to dtb
compiling.
- Binding doc tree wide removal of leading 0s from examples
- RTC binding documentation adding missing devices and some
consolidation of duplicated bindings
- Vendor prefix documentation for nutsboard, Silicon Storage Technology,
shimafuji, Tecon Microprocessor Technologies, DH electronics GmbH,
Opal Kelly, and Next Thing
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Merge tag 'devicetree-for-4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/robh/linux
Pull DeviceTree updates from Rob Herring:
"A bigger diffstat than usual with the kbuild changes and a tree wide
fix in the binding documentation.
Summary:
- kbuild cleanups and improvements for dtbs
- Code clean-up of overlay code and fixing for some long standing
memory leak and race condition in applying overlays
- Improvements to DT memory usage making sysfs/kobjects optional and
skipping unflattening of disabled nodes. This is part of kernel
tinification efforts.
- Final piece of removing storing the full path for every DT node.
The prerequisite conversion of printk's to use device_node format
specifier happened in 4.14.
- Sync with current upstream dtc. This brings additional checks to
dtb compiling.
- Binding doc tree wide removal of leading 0s from examples
- RTC binding documentation adding missing devices and some
consolidation of duplicated bindings
- Vendor prefix documentation for nutsboard, Silicon Storage
Technology, shimafuji, Tecon Microprocessor Technologies, DH
electronics GmbH, Opal Kelly, and Next Thing"
* tag 'devicetree-for-4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/robh/linux: (55 commits)
dt-bindings: usb: add #phy-cells to usb-nop-xceiv
dt-bindings: Remove leading zeros from bindings notation
kbuild: handle dtb-y and CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS natively in Makefile.lib
MIPS: dts: remove bogus bcm96358nb4ser.dtb from dtb-y entry
kbuild: clean up *.dtb and *.dtb.S patterns from top-level Makefile
.gitignore: move *.dtb and *.dtb.S patterns to the top-level .gitignore
.gitignore: sort normal pattern rules alphabetically
dt-bindings: add vendor prefix for Next Thing Co.
scripts/dtc: Update to upstream version v1.4.5-6-gc1e55a5513e9
of: dynamic: fix memory leak related to properties of __of_node_dup
of: overlay: make pr_err() string unique
of: overlay: pr_err from return NOTIFY_OK to overlay apply/remove
of: overlay: remove unneeded check for NULL kbasename()
of: overlay: remove a dependency on device node full_name
of: overlay: simplify applying symbols from an overlay
of: overlay: avoid race condition between applying multiple overlays
of: overlay: loosen overly strict phandle clash check
of: overlay: expand check of whether overlay changeset can be removed
of: overlay: detect cases where device tree may become corrupt
of: overlay: minor restructuring
...
Pull x86 core updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Note that in this cycle most of the x86 topics interacted at a level
that caused them to be merged into tip:x86/asm - but this should be a
temporary phenomenon, hopefully we'll back to the usual patterns in
the next merge window.
The main changes in this cycle were:
Hardware enablement:
- Add support for the Intel UMIP (User Mode Instruction Prevention)
CPU feature. This is a security feature that disables certain
instructions such as SGDT, SLDT, SIDT, SMSW and STR. (Ricardo Neri)
[ Note that this is disabled by default for now, there are some
smaller enhancements in the pipeline that I'll follow up with in
the next 1-2 days, which allows this to be enabled by default.]
- Add support for the AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization) CPU
feature, on top of SME (Secure Memory Encryption) support that was
added in v4.14. (Tom Lendacky, Brijesh Singh)
- Enable new SSE/AVX/AVX512 CPU features: AVX512_VBMI2, GFNI, VAES,
VPCLMULQDQ, AVX512_VNNI, AVX512_BITALG. (Gayatri Kammela)
Other changes:
- A big series of entry code simplifications and enhancements (Andy
Lutomirski)
- Make the ORC unwinder default on x86 and various objtool
enhancements. (Josh Poimboeuf)
- 5-level paging enhancements (Kirill A. Shutemov)
- Micro-optimize the entry code a bit (Borislav Petkov)
- Improve the handling of interdependent CPU features in the early
FPU init code (Andi Kleen)
- Build system enhancements (Changbin Du, Masahiro Yamada)
- ... plus misc enhancements, fixes and cleanups"
* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (118 commits)
x86/build: Make the boot image generation less verbose
selftests/x86: Add tests for the STR and SLDT instructions
selftests/x86: Add tests for User-Mode Instruction Prevention
x86/traps: Fix up general protection faults caused by UMIP
x86/umip: Enable User-Mode Instruction Prevention at runtime
x86/umip: Force a page fault when unable to copy emulated result to user
x86/umip: Add emulation code for UMIP instructions
x86/cpufeature: Add User-Mode Instruction Prevention definitions
x86/insn-eval: Add support to resolve 16-bit address encodings
x86/insn-eval: Handle 32-bit address encodings in virtual-8086 mode
x86/insn-eval: Add wrapper function for 32 and 64-bit addresses
x86/insn-eval: Add support to resolve 32-bit address encodings
x86/insn-eval: Compute linear address in several utility functions
resource: Fix resource_size.cocci warnings
X86/KVM: Clear encryption attribute when SEV is active
X86/KVM: Decrypt shared per-cpu variables when SEV is active
percpu: Introduce DEFINE_PER_CPU_DECRYPTED
x86: Add support for changing memory encryption attribute in early boot
x86/io: Unroll string I/O when SEV is active
x86/boot: Add early boot support when running with SEV active
...
- The old driver statement has been added to the kernel docs.
- We have a couple of new helper scripts. find-unused-docs.sh from Sayli
Karnic will point out kerneldoc comments that are not actually used in
the documentation. Jani Nikula's documentation-file-ref-check finds
references to non-existing files.
- A new ftrace document from Steve Rostedt.
- Vinod Koul converted the dmaengine docs to RST
Beyond that, it's mostly simple fixes.
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Merge tag 'docs-4.15' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"A relatively calm cycle for the docs tree again.
- The old driver statement has been added to the kernel docs.
- We have a couple of new helper scripts. find-unused-docs.sh from
Sayli Karnic will point out kerneldoc comments that are not actually
used in the documentation. Jani Nikula's
documentation-file-ref-check finds references to non-existing files.
- A new ftrace document from Steve Rostedt.
- Vinod Koul converted the dmaengine docs to RST
Beyond that, it's mostly simple fixes.
This set reaches outside of Documentation/ a bit more than most. In
all cases, the changes are to comment docs, mostly from Randy, in
places where there didn't seem to be anybody better to take them"
* tag 'docs-4.15' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (52 commits)
documentation: fb: update list of available compiled-in fonts
MAINTAINERS: update DMAengine documentation location
dmaengine: doc: ReSTize pxa_dma doc
dmaengine: doc: ReSTize dmatest doc
dmaengine: doc: ReSTize client API doc
dmaengine: doc: ReSTize provider doc
dmaengine: doc: Add ReST style dmaengine document
ftrace/docs: Add documentation on how to use ftrace from within the kernel
bug-hunting.rst: Fix an example and a typo in a Sphinx tag
scripts: Add a script to find unused documentation
samples: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
documentation: kernel-api: add more info on bitmap functions
Documentation: fix selftests related file refs
Documentation: fix ref to power basic-pm-debugging
Documentation: fix ref to trace stm content
Documentation: fix ref to coccinelle content
Documentation: fix ref to workqueue content
Documentation: fix ref to sphinx/kerneldoc.py
Documentation: fix locking rt-mutex doc refs
docs: dev-tools: correct Coccinelle version number
...
Some $(call cc-option,...) are invoked very early, even before
KBUILD_CFLAGS, etc. are initialized.
The returned string from $(call cc-option,...) depends on
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS, KBUILD_CFLAGS, and GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS.
Since they are exported, they are not empty when the top Makefile
is recursively invoked.
The recursion occurs in several places. For example, the top
Makefile invokes itself for silentoldconfig. "make tinyconfig",
"make rpm-pkg" are the cases, too.
In those cases, the second call of cc-option from the same line
runs a different shell command due to non-pristine KBUILD_CFLAGS.
To get the same result all the time, KBUILD_* and GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS
must be initialized before any call of cc-option. This avoids
garbage data in the .cache.mk file.
Move all calls of cc-option below the config targets because target
compiler flags are unnecessary for Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
These are a few stragglers that I left out of the original patch to
cache calls to the C compiler ("kbuild: Add a cache for generated
variables") because they bleed out into the main Makefile and thus
uglify things a little bit. The idea is the same here, though.
Signed-off-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
While timing a "no-op" build of the kernel (incrementally building the
kernel even though nothing changed) in the Chrome OS build system I
found that it was much slower than I expected.
Digging into things a bit, I found that quite a bit of the time was
spent invoking the C compiler even though we weren't actually building
anything. Currently in the Chrome OS build system the C compiler is
called through a number of wrappers (one of which is written in
python!) and can take upwards of 100 ms to invoke even if we're not
doing anything difficult, so these invocations of the compiler were
taking a lot of time. Worse the invocations couldn't seem to take
advantage of the multiple cores on my system.
Certainly it seems like we could make the compiler invocations in the
Chrome OS build system faster, but only to a point. Inherently
invoking a program as big as a C compiler is a fairly heavy
operation. Thus even if we can speed the compiler calls it made sense
to track down what was happening.
It turned out that all the compiler invocations were coming from
usages like this in the kernel's Makefile:
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks,)
Due to the way cc-option and similar statements work the above
contains an implicit call to the C compiler. ...and due to the fact
that we're storing the result in KBUILD_CFLAGS, a simply expanded
variable, the call will happen every time the Makefile is parsed, even
if there are no users of KBUILD_CFLAGS.
Rather than redoing this computation every time, it makes a lot of
sense to cache the result of all of the Makefile's compiler calls just
like we do when we compile a ".c" file to a ".o" file. Conceptually
this is quite a simple idea. ...and since the calls to invoke the
compiler and similar tools are centrally located in the Kbuild.include
file this doesn't even need to be super invasive.
Implementing the cache in a simple-to-use and efficient way is not
quite as simple as it first sounds, though. To get maximum speed we
really want the cache in a format that make can natively understand
and make doesn't really have an ability to load/parse files. ...but
make _can_ import other Makefiles, so the solution is to store the
cache in Makefile format. This requires coming up with a valid/unique
Makefile variable name for each value to be cached, but that's
solvable with some cleverness.
After this change, we'll automatically create a ".cache.mk" file that
will contain our cached variables. We'll load this on each invocation
of make and will avoid recomputing anything that's already in our
cache. The cache is stored in a format that it shouldn't need any
invalidation since anything that might change should affect the "key"
and any old cached value won't be used.
Signed-off-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
We need to add "clean-files" in Makfiles to clean up DT blobs, but we
often miss to do so.
Since there are no source files that end with .dtb or .dtb.S, so we
can clean-up those files from the top-level Makefile.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'spdx_identifiers-4.14-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull initial SPDX identifiers from Greg KH:
"License cleanup: add SPDX license identifiers to some files
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the
'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally
binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate
text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart
and Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset
of the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to
license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied
to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of
the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver)
producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.
Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review
of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537
files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the
scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license
identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any
determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with
the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained
>5 lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that
was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that
became the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected
a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply
(and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases,
confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.
The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in
part, so they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot
checks in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect
the correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial
patch version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch
license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the
applied SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>"
* tag 'spdx_identifiers-4.14-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
License cleanup: add SPDX license identifier to uapi header files with a license
License cleanup: add SPDX license identifier to uapi header files with no license
License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Luc Van Oostenryck