Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Teach buildid-cache how to add, remove, and update binary objects from
other mount namespaces. Allow probe events tracing binaries in
different namespaces to add their objects to the probe and build-id
caches too. As a handy side effect, this also lets us access SDT probes
in binaries from alternate mount namespaces.
Signed-off-by: Krister Johansen <kjlx@templeofstupid.com>
Tested-by: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas-Mich Richter <tmricht@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1499305693-1599-5-git-send-email-kjlx@templeofstupid.com
[ Add util/namespaces.c to tools/perf/util/python-ext-sources, to fix the python binding 'perf test' ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
There are places where we just need a forward declaration, and others
were we need to include strlist.h and/or strfilter.h, reducing the
impact of changes in headers on the build time, do it.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-zab42gbiki88y9k0csorxekb@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We indicate support for accepting sym+offset with kretprobes through a
line in ftrace README. Parse the same to identify support and choose the
appropriate format for kprobe_events.
As an example, without this perf patch, but with the ftrace changes:
naveen@ubuntu:~/linux/tools/perf$ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/README | grep kretprobe
place (kretprobe): [<module>:]<symbol>[+<offset>]|<memaddr>
naveen@ubuntu:~/linux/tools/perf$
naveen@ubuntu:~/linux/tools/perf$ sudo ./perf probe -v do_open%return
probe-definition(0): do_open%return
symbol:do_open file:(null) line:0 offset:0 return:1 lazy:(null)
0 arguments
Looking at the vmlinux_path (8 entries long)
Using /boot/vmlinux for symbols
Open Debuginfo file: /boot/vmlinux
Try to find probe point from debuginfo.
Matched function: do_open [2d0c7d8]
Probe point found: do_open+0
Matched function: do_open [35d76b5]
found inline addr: 0xc0000000004ba984
Failed to find "do_open%return",
because do_open is an inlined function and has no return point.
An error occurred in debuginfo analysis (-22).
Trying to use symbols.
Opening /sys/kernel/debug/tracing//kprobe_events write=1
Writing event: r:probe/do_open do_open+0
Writing event: r:probe/do_open_1 do_open+0
Added new events:
probe:do_open (on do_open%return)
probe:do_open_1 (on do_open%return)
You can now use it in all perf tools, such as:
perf record -e probe:do_open_1 -aR sleep 1
naveen@ubuntu:~/linux/tools/perf$ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/list
c000000000041370 k kretprobe_trampoline+0x0 [OPTIMIZED]
c0000000004433d0 r do_open+0x0 [DISABLED]
c0000000004433d0 r do_open+0x0 [DISABLED]
And after this patch (and the subsequent powerpc patch):
naveen@ubuntu:~/linux/tools/perf$ sudo ./perf probe -v do_open%return
probe-definition(0): do_open%return
symbol:do_open file:(null) line:0 offset:0 return:1 lazy:(null)
0 arguments
Looking at the vmlinux_path (8 entries long)
Using /boot/vmlinux for symbols
Open Debuginfo file: /boot/vmlinux
Try to find probe point from debuginfo.
Matched function: do_open [2d0c7d8]
Probe point found: do_open+0
Matched function: do_open [35d76b5]
found inline addr: 0xc0000000004ba984
Failed to find "do_open%return",
because do_open is an inlined function and has no return point.
An error occurred in debuginfo analysis (-22).
Trying to use symbols.
Opening /sys/kernel/debug/tracing//README write=0
Opening /sys/kernel/debug/tracing//kprobe_events write=1
Writing event: r:probe/do_open _text+4469712
Writing event: r:probe/do_open_1 _text+4956248
Added new events:
probe:do_open (on do_open%return)
probe:do_open_1 (on do_open%return)
You can now use it in all perf tools, such as:
perf record -e probe:do_open_1 -aR sleep 1
naveen@ubuntu:~/linux/tools/perf$ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/list
c000000000041370 k kretprobe_trampoline+0x0 [OPTIMIZED]
c0000000004433d0 r do_open+0x0 [DISABLED]
c0000000004ba058 r do_open+0x8 [DISABLED]
Signed-off-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/496ef9f33c1ab16286ece9dd62aa672807aef91c.1488961018.git.naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add a checking routine what types are supported by the running kernel by
finding the pattern in <debugfs>/tracing/README.
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Naohiro Aota <naohiro.aota@hgst.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/147151071172.12957.3340095690753291085.stgit@devbox
[ 'enum probe_type' has no negative entries, so ends up as 'unsigned', remove '< 0'
test to fix the build on at least centos:5, debian:7 & ubuntu:12.04.5 ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Show SDT and pre-cached events by perf-list with "sdt". This also shows
the binary and build-id where the events are placed only when there are
same name events on different binaries.
e.g.:
# perf list sdt
List of pre-defined events (to be used in -e):
sdt_libc:lll_futex_wake [SDT event]
sdt_libc:lll_lock_wait_private [SDT event]
sdt_libc:longjmp [SDT event]
sdt_libc:longjmp_target [SDT event]
...
sdt_libstdcxx:rethrow@/usr/bin/gcc(0cc207fc4b27) [SDT event]
sdt_libstdcxx:rethrow@/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.20(91c7a88fdf49)
sdt_libstdcxx:throw@/usr/bin/gcc(0cc207fc4b27) [SDT event]
sdt_libstdcxx:throw@/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.20(91c7a88fdf49)
The binary path and build-id are shown in below format;
<GROUP>:<EVENT>@<PATH>(<BUILD-ID>)
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160624090646.25421.44225.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Allo glob wildcard for reusing cached/SDT events. E.g.
# perf probe -x /usr/lib64/libc-2.20.so -a %sdt_libc:\*
This example adds probes for all SDT in libc.
Note that the SDTs must have been scanned by perf buildid-cache.
Committer note:
Using it to check what of those SDT probes would take place when doing
a cargo run (rust):
# trace --no-sys --event sdt_libc:* cargo run
0.000 sdt_libc:setjmp:(7f326b69c4d1))
28.423 sdt_libc:setjmp:(7f4b0a5364d1))
29.000 sdt_libc:setjmp:(7f4b0a5364d1))
88.597 sdt_libc:setjmp:(7fc01fd414d1))
89.220 sdt_libc:setjmp:(7fc01fd414d1))
95.501 sdt_libc:setjmp:(7f326b69c4d1))
Running `target/debug/hello_world`
97.110 sdt_libc:setjmp:(7f95e09234d1))
Hello, world!
#
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/146831791813.17065.17846564230840594888.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf buildid-cache --add <binary> scans given binary and add
the SDT events to probe cache. "sdt_" prefix is appended for
all SDT providers to avoid event-name clash with other pre-defined
events. It is possible to use the cached SDT events as other cached
events, via perf probe --add "sdt_<provider>:<event>=<event>".
e.g.
----
# perf buildid-cache --add /lib/libc-2.17.so
# perf probe --cache --list | head -n 5
/usr/lib/libc-2.17.so (a6fb821bdf53660eb2c29f778757aef294d3d392):
sdt_libc:setjmp=setjmp
sdt_libc:longjmp=longjmp
sdt_libc:longjmp_target=longjmp_target
sdt_libc:memory_heap_new=memory_heap_new
# perf probe -x /usr/lib/libc-2.17.so \
-a sdt_libc:memory_heap_new=memory_heap_new
Added new event:
sdt_libc:memory_heap_new (on memory_heap_new
in /usr/lib/libc-2.17.so)
You can now use it in all perf tools, such as:
perf record -e sdt_libc:memory_heap_new -aR sleep 1
# perf probe -l
sdt_libc:memory_heap_new (on new_heap+183 in /usr/lib/libc-2.17.so)
----
Note that SDT event entries in probe-cache file is somewhat different
from normal cached events. Normal one starts with "#", but SDTs are
starting with "%".
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/146736025058.27797.13043265488541434502.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
'perf probe --del' removes caches when '--cache' is given. Note that
the delete pattern is not the same as for normal events.
If you cached probes with event name, --del "eventname" works as
expected. However, if you skipped it, the cached probes doesn't have
actual event name. In that case --del "probe-desc" is required (wildcard
is acceptable). For example a cache entry has the probe-desc "vfs_read
$params", you can remove it with --del 'vfs_read*'.
-----
# perf probe --cache --list
/[kernel.kallsyms] (1466a0a250b5d0070c6d0f03c5fed30b237970a1):
vfs_read $params
/usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so (c31ffe7942bfd77b2fca8f9bd5709d387a86d3bc):
getaddrinfo $params
# perf probe --cache --del vfs_read\*
Removed cached event: probe:vfs_read
# perf probe --cache --list
/[kernel.kallsyms] (1466a0a250b5d0070c6d0f03c5fed30b237970a1):
/usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so (c31ffe7942bfd77b2fca8f9bd5709d387a86d3bc):
getaddrinfo $params
-----
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/146736021651.27797.10250879847070772920.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Before analyzing debuginfo, try to find a corresponding entry from probe
cache always. This does not depend on --cache, the --cache enables to
store/update cache, but looking up the cache is always enabled.
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/146736019226.27797.16366402884098398857.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Introduce perf_cache object and interfaces to create, add entries,
commit, and delete the object.
perf_cache represents a file for the cached "perf probe" definitions on
one binary file or vmlinux which has its own build id. The probe cache
file is located under the build-id cache directory of the target binary,
as below;
<perf-debug-dir>/.build-id/<BU>/<ILDID>/probe
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160615032830.31330.84998.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Showing actual trace event when deleteing perf events is only needed in
perf probe command. But the add functionality itself can be used by
other places. So move the printing code into the cmd_probe().
The output is not changed.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Cc: pi3orama@163.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1441368963-11565-5-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Ravi Bangoria