The GCC_OFF_SMALL_ASM macro defines the constraint to use for
instructions needing "small offsets", typically the LL or SC
instructions. Historically these had 16 bit offsets, but microMIPS &
MIPS32/MIPS64r6 onwards reduced the width of the offset field.
GCC 4.9 & higher supports a ZC constraint which matches the offset
requirements of the LL & SC instructions. Where supported we can use
the ZC constraint regardless of ISA, and it will handle the requirements
of the ISA correctly. As such we require 3 cases:
- GCC 4.9 & higher can use ZC.
- GCC older than 4.9 must use the older R constraint, which does not
take into account microMIPS or MIPSr6.
- microMIPS builds therefore require GCC 4.9 or higher. MIPSr6 support
was only introduced in newer compilers anyway so it can be ignored
here.
The current code complicates this a little by specifically having MIPSr6
bypass the GCC version check, and using the R constraint for pre-MIPSr6
builds even if the compiler supports ZC which would be equivalent.
Simplify this such that the code straightforwardly implements the 3
cases outlined above.
For non-GCC compilers we presume that ZC is safe to use. In practice the
only non-GCC compiler of interest is clang and it has supported the ZC
constraint since version 3.7.0. It seems safe enough to presume that
nobody will expect to built a working kernel using a clang version older
than that, and if they do then they'll have bigger problems. As such we
don't check the clang version number & just presume ZC is usable when
the compiler is not GCC.
Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Patchwork: https://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/20999/
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
asm/compiler.h defined GCC_IMM_ASM & GCC_REG_ACCUM macros, both of which
are defined differently for GCC pre-3.4 or GCC 3.4 & higher. We only
support building with GCC 4.6 & higher since commit cafa0010cd ("Raise
the minimum required gcc version to 4.6"), which makes the pre-3.4
definition dead code.
Rather than leave the macro definitions around, inline the GCC 3.4 &
higher definitions into the single file that uses them & remove the
macros entirely.
Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Patchwork: https://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/21000/
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Some versions of GCC for the MIPS architecture suffer from a bug which
can lead to instructions from beyond an unreachable statement being
incorrectly reordered into earlier branch delay slots if the unreachable
statement is the only content of a case in a switch statement. This can
lead to seemingly random behaviour, such as invalid memory accesses from
incorrectly reordered loads or stores, and link failures on microMIPS
builds.
See this potential GCC fix for details:
https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2015-09/msg00360.html
Runtime problems resulting from this bug were initially observed using a
maltasmvp_defconfig v4.4 kernel built using GCC 4.9.2 (from a Codescape
SDK 2015.06-05 toolchain), with the result being an address exception
taken after log messages about the L1 caches (during probe of the L2
cache):
Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x000000009fffffff]
VPE topology {2,2} total 4
Primary instruction cache 64kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
Primary data cache 64kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
<AdEL exception here>
This is early enough that the kernel exception vectors are not in use,
so any further output depends upon the bootloader. This is reproducible
in QEMU where no further output occurs - ie. the system hangs here.
Given the nature of the bug it may potentially be hit with differing
symptoms. The bug is known to affect GCC versions as recent as 7.3, and
it is unclear whether GCC 8 fixed it or just happens not to encounter
the bug in the testcase found at the link above due to differing
optimizations.
This bug can be worked around by placing a volatile asm statement, which
GCC is prevented from reordering past, prior to the
__builtin_unreachable call.
That was actually done already for other reasons by commit 173a3efd3e
("bug.h: work around GCC PR82365 in BUG()"), but creates problems for
microMIPS builds due to the lack of a .insn directive. The microMIPS ISA
allows for interlinking with regular MIPS32 code by repurposing bit 0 of
the program counter as an ISA mode bit. To switch modes one changes the
value of this bit in the PC. However typical branch instructions encode
their offsets as multiples of 2-byte instruction halfwords, which means
they cannot change ISA mode - this must be done using either an indirect
branch (a jump-register in MIPS terminology) or a dedicated jalx
instruction. In order to ensure that regular branches don't attempt to
target code in a different ISA which they can't actually switch to, the
linker will check that branch targets are code in the same ISA as the
branch.
Unfortunately our empty asm volatile statements don't qualify as code,
and the link for microMIPS builds fails with errors such as:
arch/mips/mm/dma-default.s:3265: Error: branch to a symbol in another ISA mode
arch/mips/mm/dma-default.s:5027: Error: branch to a symbol in another ISA mode
Resolve this by adding a .insn directive within the asm statement which
declares that what comes next is code. This may or may not be true,
since we don't really know what comes next, but as this code is in an
unreachable path anyway that doesn't matter since we won't execute it.
We do this in asm/compiler.h & select CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_COMPILER_H in
order to have this included by linux/compiler_types.h after
linux/compiler-gcc.h. This will result in asm/compiler.h being included
in all C compilations via the -include linux/compiler_types.h argument
in c_flags, which should be harmless.
Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Fixes: 173a3efd3e ("bug.h: work around GCC PR82365 in BUG()")
Patchwork: https://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/20270/
Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
GCC versions supporting MIPS R6 use the ZC constraint to enforce a
9-bit offset for MIPS R6. We will use that for all MIPS R6 LL/SC
instructions.
Cc: Matthew Fortune <Matthew.Fortune@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: Markos Chandras <markos.chandras@imgtec.com>
The GCC_OFF12_ASM macro is used for 12-bit immediate constrains
but we will also use it for 9-bit constrains on MIPS R6 so we
rename it to something more appropriate.
Cc: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Markos Chandras <markos.chandras@imgtec.com>
There are certain places where the code uses .set mips32 or .set mips64
or .set arch=r4000. In preparation of MIPS R6 support, and in order to
use as less #ifdefs as possible, we define new macros to set similar
annotations for MIPS R6.
Signed-off-by: Markos Chandras <markos.chandras@imgtec.com>
In the microMIPS encoding some memory access instructions have their
immediate offset reduced to 12 bits only. That does not match the GCC
`R' constraint we use in some places to satisfy the requirement,
resulting in build failures like this:
{standard input}: Assembler messages:
{standard input}:720: Error: macro used $at after ".set noat"
{standard input}:720: Warning: macro instruction expanded into multiple instructions
Fix the problem by defining a macro, `GCC_OFF12_ASM', that expands to
the right constraint depending on whether microMIPS or standard MIPS
code is produced. Also apply the fix to where `m' is used as in the
worst case this change does nothing, e.g. where the pointer was already
in a register such as a function argument and no further offset was
requested, and in the best case it avoids an extraneous sequence of up
to two instructions to load the high 20 bits of the address in the LL/SC
loop. This reduces the risk of lock contention that is the higher the
more instructions there are in the critical section between LL and SC.
Strictly speaking we could just bulk-replace `R' with `ZC' as the latter
constraint adjusts automatically depending on the ISA selected.
However it was only introduced with GCC 4.9 and we keep supporing older
compilers for the standard MIPS configuration, hence the slightly more
complicated approach I chose.
The choice of a zero-argument function-like rather than an object-like
macro was made so that it does not look like a function call taking the
C expression used for the constraint as an argument. This is so as not
to confuse the reader or formatting checkers like `checkpatch.pl' and
follows previous practice.
Signed-off-by: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@codesourcery.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven J. Hill <Steven.Hill@imgtec.com>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Patchwork: https://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/8482/
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Paul Burton