Various sd->*_idx's are used for refering the rq's load average table
when selecting a cpu to run. However they can be set to any number
with sysctl knobs so that it can crash the kernel if something bad is
given. Fix it by limiting them into the actual range.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1345104204-8317-1-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
migrate_tasks() uses _pick_next_task_rt() to get tasks from the
real-time runqueues to be migrated. When rt_rq is throttled
_pick_next_task_rt() won't return anything, in which case
migrate_tasks() can't move all threads over and gets stuck in an
infinite loop.
Instead unthrottle rt runqueues before migrating tasks.
Additionally: move unthrottle_offline_cfs_rqs() to rq_offline_fair()
Signed-off-by: Peter Boonstoppel <pboonstoppel@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5FBF8E85CA34454794F0F7ECBA79798F379D3648B7@HQMAIL04.nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Rabik and Paul reported two different issues related to the same few
lines of code.
Rabik's issue is that the nr_uninterruptible migration code is wrong in
that he sees artifacts due to this (Rabik please do expand in more
detail).
Paul's issue is that this code as it stands relies on us using
stop_machine() for unplug, we all would like to remove this assumption
so that eventually we can remove this stop_machine() usage altogether.
The only reason we'd have to migrate nr_uninterruptible is so that we
could use for_each_online_cpu() loops in favour of
for_each_possible_cpu() loops, however since nr_uninterruptible() is the
only such loop and its using possible lets not bother at all.
The problem Rabik sees is (probably) caused by the fact that by
migrating nr_uninterruptible we screw rq->calc_load_active for both rqs
involved.
So don't bother with fancy migration schemes (meaning we now have to
keep using for_each_possible_cpu()) and instead fold any nr_active delta
after we migrate all tasks away to make sure we don't have any skewed
nr_active accounting.
Reported-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1345454817.23018.27.camel@twins
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar.
* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched: Fix migration thread runtime bogosity
sched,rt: fix isolated CPUs leaving root_task_group indefinitely throttled
sched,cgroup: Fix up task_groups list
sched: fix divide by zero at {thread_group,task}_times
sched, cgroup: Reduce rq->lock hold times for large cgroup hierarchies
The archs that implement virtual cputime accounting all
flush the cputime of a task when it gets descheduled
and sometimes set up some ground initialization for the
next task to account its cputime.
These archs all put their own hooks in their context
switch callbacks and handle the off-case themselves.
Consolidate this by creating a new account_switch_vtime()
callback called in generic code right after a context switch
and that these archs must implement to flush the prev task
cputime and initialize the next task cputime related state.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Extract cputime code from the giant sched/core.c and
put it in its own file. This make it easier to deal with
this particular area and de-bloat a bit more core.c
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Since power saving code was removed from sched now, the implement
code is out of service in this function, and even pollute other logical.
like, 'want_sd' never has chance to be set '0', that remove the effect
of SD_WAKE_AFFINE here.
So, clean up the obsolete code, includes SD_PREFER_LOCAL.
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5028F431.6000306@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This patch adds a comment on top of the schedule() function to explain
to scheduler newbies how the main scheduler function is entered.
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Explained-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Explained-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1344070187-2420-1-git-send-email-penberg@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
With multiple instances of task_groups, for_each_rt_rq() is a noop,
no task groups having been added to the rt.c list instance. This
renders __enable/disable_runtime() and print_rt_stats() noop, the
user (non) visible effect being that rt task groups are missing in
/proc/sched_debug.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # v3.3+
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1344308413.6846.7.camel@marge.simpson.net
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
On architectures where cputime_t is 64 bit type, is possible to trigger
divide by zero on do_div(temp, (__force u32) total) line, if total is a
non zero number but has lower 32 bit's zeroed. Removing casting is not
a good solution since some do_div() implementations do cast to u32
internally.
This problem can be triggered in practice on very long lived processes:
PID: 2331 TASK: ffff880472814b00 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "oraagent.bin"
#0 [ffff880472a51b70] machine_kexec at ffffffff8103214b
#1 [ffff880472a51bd0] crash_kexec at ffffffff810b91c2
#2 [ffff880472a51ca0] oops_end at ffffffff814f0b00
#3 [ffff880472a51cd0] die at ffffffff8100f26b
#4 [ffff880472a51d00] do_trap at ffffffff814f03f4
#5 [ffff880472a51d60] do_divide_error at ffffffff8100cfff
#6 [ffff880472a51e00] divide_error at ffffffff8100be7b
[exception RIP: thread_group_times+0x56]
RIP: ffffffff81056a16 RSP: ffff880472a51eb8 RFLAGS: 00010046
RAX: bc3572c9fe12d194 RBX: ffff880874150800 RCX: 0000000110266fad
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff880472a51eb8 RDI: 001038ae7d9633dc
RBP: ffff880472a51ef8 R8: 00000000b10a3a64 R9: ffff880874150800
R10: 00007fcba27ab680 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: ffff880472a51f08
R13: ffff880472a51f10 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000007
ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffffff CS: 0010 SS: 0018
#7 [ffff880472a51f00] do_sys_times at ffffffff8108845d
#8 [ffff880472a51f40] sys_times at ffffffff81088524
#9 [ffff880472a51f80] system_call_fastpath at ffffffff8100b0f2
RIP: 0000003808caac3a RSP: 00007fcba27ab6d8 RFLAGS: 00000202
RAX: 0000000000000064 RBX: ffffffff8100b0f2 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 00007fcba27ab6e0 RSI: 000000000076d58e RDI: 00007fcba27ab6e0
RBP: 00007fcba27ab700 R8: 0000000000000020 R9: 000000000000091b
R10: 00007fcba27ab680 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007fff9ca41940
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fcba27ac9c0 R15: 00007fff9ca41940
ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000064 CS: 0033 SS: 002b
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120808092714.GA3580@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Fixes and two late cleanups"
* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched/cleanups: Add load balance cpumask pointer to 'struct lb_env'
sched: Fix comment about PREEMPT_ACTIVE bit location
sched: Fix minor code style issues
sched: Use task_rq_unlock() in __sched_setscheduler()
sched/numa: Add SD_PERFER_SIBLING to CPU domain
Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The biggest changes are Intel Nehalem-EX PMU uncore support, uprobes
updates/cleanups/fixes from Oleg and diverse tooling updates (mostly
fixes) now that Arnaldo is back from vacation."
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (40 commits)
uprobes: __replace_page() needs munlock_vma_page()
uprobes: Rename vma_address() and make it return "unsigned long"
uprobes: Fix register_for_each_vma()->vma_address() check
uprobes: Introduce vaddr_to_offset(vma, vaddr)
uprobes: Teach build_probe_list() to consider the range
uprobes: Remove insert_vm_struct()->uprobe_mmap()
uprobes: Remove copy_vma()->uprobe_mmap()
uprobes: Fix overflow in vma_address()/find_active_uprobe()
uprobes: Suppress uprobe_munmap() from mmput()
uprobes: Uprobe_mmap/munmap needs list_for_each_entry_safe()
uprobes: Clean up and document write_opcode()->lock_page(old_page)
uprobes: Kill write_opcode()->lock_page(new_page)
uprobes: __replace_page() should not use page_address_in_vma()
uprobes: Don't recheck vma/f_mapping in write_opcode()
perf/x86: Fix missing struct before structure name
perf/x86: Fix format definition of SNB-EP uncore QPI box
perf/x86: Make bitfield unsigned
perf/x86: Fix LLC-* and node-* events on Intel SandyBridge
perf/x86: Add Intel Nehalem-EX uncore support
perf/x86: Fix typo in format definition of uncore PCU filter
...
Otherwise they can't be filtered for a defined task:
perf record -e sched:sched_switch ./foo
This command doesn't report any events without this patch.
I think it isn't a security concern if someone knows who will
be executed next - this can already be observed by polling /proc
state. By default perf is disabled for non-root users in any case.
I need these events for profiling sleep times. sched_switch is used for
getting callchains and sched_stat_* is used for getting time periods.
These events are combined in user space, then it can be analyzed by
perf tools.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342088069-1005148-1-git-send-email-avagin@openvz.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
It seems there's no specific reason to open-code it. I guess
commit 0122ec5b02 ("sched: Add p->pi_lock to task_rq_lock()")
simply missed it. Let's be consistent with others.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1341647342-6742-1-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Stefan reported a crash on a kernel before a3e5d1091c ("sched:
Don't call task_group() too many times in set_task_rq()"), he
found the reason to be that the multiple task_group()
invocations in set_task_rq() returned different values.
Looking at all that I found a lack of serialization and plain
wrong comments.
The below tries to fix it using an extra pointer which is
updated under the appropriate scheduler locks. Its not pretty,
but I can't really see another way given how all the cgroup
stuff works.
Reported-and-tested-by: Stefan Bader <stefan.bader@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340364965.18025.71.camel@twins
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Traversing an entire package is not only expensive, it also leads to tasks
bouncing all over a partially idle and possible quite large package. Fix
that up by assigning a 'buddy' CPU to try to motivate. Each buddy may try
to motivate that one other CPU, if it's busy, tough, it may then try its
SMT sibling, but that's all this optimization is allowed to cost.
Sibling cache buddies are cross-wired to prevent bouncing.
4 socket 40 core + SMT Westmere box, single 30 sec tbench runs, higher is better:
clients 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
..........................................................................
pre 30 41 118 645 3769 6214 12233 14312
post 299 603 1211 2418 4697 6847 11606 14557
A nice increase in performance.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1339471112.7352.32.camel@marge.simpson.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Separate out the cpuset related handling for CPU/Memory online/offline.
This also helps us exploit the most obvious and basic level of optimization
that any notification mechanism (CPU/Mem online/offline) has to offer us:
"We *know* why we have been invoked. So stop pretending that we are lost,
and do only the necessary amount of processing!".
And while at it, rename scan_for_empty_cpusets() to
scan_cpusets_upon_hotplug(), which is more appropriate considering how
it is restructured.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120524141650.3692.48637.stgit@srivatsabhat.in.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In the event of CPU hotplug, the kernel modifies the cpusets' cpus_allowed
masks as and when necessary to ensure that the tasks belonging to the cpusets
have some place (online CPUs) to run on. And regular CPU hotplug is
destructive in the sense that the kernel doesn't remember the original cpuset
configurations set by the user, across hotplug operations.
However, suspend/resume (which uses CPU hotplug) is a special case in which
the kernel has the responsibility to restore the system (during resume), to
exactly the same state it was in before suspend.
In order to achieve that, do the following:
1. Don't modify cpusets during suspend/resume. At all.
In particular, don't move the tasks from one cpuset to another, and
don't modify any cpuset's cpus_allowed mask. So, simply ignore cpusets
during the CPU hotplug operations that are carried out in the
suspend/resume path.
2. However, cpusets and sched domains are related. We just want to avoid
altering cpusets alone. So, to keep the sched domains updated, build
a single sched domain (containing all active cpus) during each of the
CPU hotplug operations carried out in s/r path, effectively ignoring
the cpusets' cpus_allowed masks.
(Since userspace is frozen while doing all this, it will go unnoticed.)
3. During the last CPU online operation during resume, build the sched
domains by looking up the (unaltered) cpusets' cpus_allowed masks.
That will bring back the system to the same original state as it was in
before suspend.
Ultimately, this will not only solve the cpuset problem related to suspend
resume (ie., restores the cpusets to exactly what it was before suspend, by
not touching it at all) but also speeds up suspend/resume because we avoid
running cpuset update code for every CPU being offlined/onlined.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120524141611.3692.20155.stgit@srivatsabhat.in.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull RCU, perf, and scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar.
The RCU fix is a revert for an optimization that could cause deadlocks.
One of the scheduler commits (164c33c6ad "sched: Fix fork() error path
to not crash") is correct but not complete (some architectures like Tile
are not covered yet) - the resulting additional fixes are still WIP and
Ingo did not want to delay these pending fixes. See this thread on
lkml:
[PATCH] fork: fix error handling in dup_task()
The perf fixes are just trivial oneliners.
* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
Revert "rcu: Move PREEMPT_RCU preemption to switch_to() invocation"
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
perf kvm: Fix segfault with report and mixed guestmount use
perf kvm: Fix regression with guest machine creation
perf script: Fix format regression due to libtraceevent merge
ring-buffer: Fix accounting of entries when removing pages
ring-buffer: Fix crash due to uninitialized new_pages list head
* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
MAINTAINERS/sched: Update scheduler file pattern
sched/nohz: Rewrite and fix load-avg computation -- again
sched: Fix fork() error path to not crash
Thanks to Charles Wang for spotting the defects in the current code:
- If we go idle during the sample window -- after sampling, we get a
negative bias because we can negate our own sample.
- If we wake up during the sample window we get a positive bias
because we push the sample to a known active period.
So rewrite the entire nohz load-avg muck once again, now adding
copious documentation to the code.
Reported-and-tested-by: Doug Smythies <dsmythies@telus.net>
Reported-and-tested-by: Charles Wang <muming.wq@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340373782.18025.74.camel@twins
[ minor edits ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This reverts commit 616c310e83.
(Move PREEMPT_RCU preemption to switch_to() invocation).
Testing by Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com> showed that this
can result in deadlock due to invoking the scheduler when one of
the runqueue locks is held. Because this commit was simply a
performance optimization, revert it.
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
It does not get processed because sched_domain_level_max is 0 at the
time that setup_relax_domain_level() is run.
Simply accept the value as it is, as we don't know the value of
sched_domain_level_max until sched domain construction is completed.
Fix sched_relax_domain_level in cpuset. The build_sched_domain() routine calls
the set_domain_attribute() routine prior to setting the sd->level, however,
the set_domain_attribute() routine relies on the sd->level to decide whether
idle load balancing will be off/on.
Signed-off-by: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120605184436.GA15668@sgi.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Add some code to validate assumptions we're making and output
warnings if they are not.
If this trigger we want to know about it.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Alex Shi <lkml.alex@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-6uc3wk5s9udxtdl9cnku0vtt@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Often when we run into mis-shapen topologies the balance iteration
fails to update the cpu power properly and we'll end up in /0 traps.
Always initialize the cpu-power to a semi-sane value so that we can
at least boot the machine, even if the load-balancer might not
function correctly.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-3lbhyj25sr169ha7z3qht5na@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Weird topologies can lead to asymmetric domain setups. This needs
further consideration since these setups are typically non-minimal
too.
For now, make it work by adding an extra mask selecting which CPUs
are allowed to iterate up.
The topology that triggered it is the one from David Rientjes:
10 20 20 30
20 10 20 20
20 20 10 20
30 20 20 10
resulting in boxes that wouldn't even boot.
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-3p86l9cuaqnxz7uxsojmz5rm@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Commit cb83b629b ("sched/numa: Rewrite the CONFIG_NUMA sched
domain support") removed the NODE sched domain and started checking
if the node distance in SLIT table is farther than REMOTE_DISTANCE,
if so, it will lose the load balance chance at exec/fork/wake_affine
points.
But actually, even the node distance is farther than REMOTE_DISTANCE.
Modern CPUs also has QPI like connections, which ensures that memory
access is not too slow between nodes. So the above change in behavior
on NUMA machine causes a performance regression on various benchmarks:
hackbench, tbench, netperf, oltp, etc.
This patch will recover the scheduler behavior to old mode on all my
Intel platforms: NHM EP/EX, WSM EP, SNB EP/EP4S, and thus fixes the
perfromance regressions. (all of them just have 2 kinds distance, 10, 21)
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1338965571-9812-1-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
No need to have the last NULL entry.
Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4FBF29E7.5020805@ct.jp.nec.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The strings sched_feat_names are never changed.
Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4FBF29B2.9030904@ct.jp.nec.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Since nr_cpus_allowed is used outside of sched/rt.c and wants to be
used outside of there more, move it to a more natural site.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-kr61f02y9brwzkh6x53pdptm@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
SD_OVERLAP exists to allow overlapping groups, overlapping groups
appear in NUMA topologies that aren't fully connected.
The typical result of not fully connected NUMA is that each cpu (or
rather node) will have different spans for a particular distance.
However due to how sched domains are traversed -- only the first cpu
in the mask goes one level up -- the next level only cares about the
spans of the cpus that went up.
Due to this two things were observed to be broken:
- build_overlap_sched_groups() -- since its possible the cpu we're
building the groups for exists in multiple (or all) groups, the
selection criteria of the first group didn't ensure there was a cpu
for which is was true that cpumask_first(span) == cpu. Thus load-
balancing would terminate.
- update_group_power() -- assumed that the cpu span of the first
group of the domain was covered by all groups of the child domain.
The above explains why this isn't true, so deal with it.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1337788843.9783.14.camel@laptop
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Allocators don't appreciate it when you try and allocate memory from
offline nodes.
Reported-and-tested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-epfc1io9whb7o22bcujf31vn@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Follow up on commit 556061b00 ("sched/nohz: Fix rq->cpu_load[]
calculations") since while that fixed the busy case it regressed the
mostly idle case.
Add a callback from the nohz exit to also age the rq->cpu_load[]
array. This closes the hole where either there was no nohz load
balance pass during the nohz, or there was a 'significant' amount of
idle time between the last nohz balance and the nohz exit.
So we'll update unconditionally from the tick to not insert any
accidental 0 load periods while busy, and we try and catch up from
nohz idle balance and nohz exit. Both these are still prone to missing
a jiffy, but that has always been the case.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: pjt@google.com
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-kt0trz0apodbf84ucjfdbr1a@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull user namespace enhancements from Eric Biederman:
"This is a course correction for the user namespace, so that we can
reach an inexpensive, maintainable, and reasonably complete
implementation.
Highlights:
- Config guards make it impossible to enable the user namespace and
code that has not been converted to be user namespace safe.
- Use of the new kuid_t type ensures the if you somehow get past the
config guards the kernel will encounter type errors if you enable
user namespaces and attempt to compile in code whose permission
checks have not been updated to be user namespace safe.
- All uids from child user namespaces are mapped into the initial
user namespace before they are processed. Removing the need to add
an additional check to see if the user namespace of the compared
uids remains the same.
- With the user namespaces compiled out the performance is as good or
better than it is today.
- For most operations absolutely nothing changes performance or
operationally with the user namespace enabled.
- The worst case performance I could come up with was timing 1
billion cache cold stat operations with the user namespace code
enabled. This went from 156s to 164s on my laptop (or 156ns to
164ns per stat operation).
- (uid_t)-1 and (gid_t)-1 are reserved as an internal error value.
Most uid/gid setting system calls treat these value specially
anyway so attempting to use -1 as a uid would likely cause
entertaining failures in userspace.
- If setuid is called with a uid that can not be mapped setuid fails.
I have looked at sendmail, login, ssh and every other program I
could think of that would call setuid and they all check for and
handle the case where setuid fails.
- If stat or a similar system call is called from a context in which
we can not map a uid we lie and return overflowuid. The LFS
experience suggests not lying and returning an error code might be
better, but the historical precedent with uids is different and I
can not think of anything that would break by lying about a uid we
can't map.
- Capabilities are localized to the current user namespace making it
safe to give the initial user in a user namespace all capabilities.
My git tree covers all of the modifications needed to convert the core
kernel and enough changes to make a system bootable to runlevel 1."
Fix up trivial conflicts due to nearby independent changes in fs/stat.c
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: (46 commits)
userns: Silence silly gcc warning.
cred: use correct cred accessor with regards to rcu read lock
userns: Convert the move_pages, and migrate_pages permission checks to use uid_eq
userns: Convert cgroup permission checks to use uid_eq
userns: Convert tmpfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert sysfs to use kgid/kuid where appropriate
userns: Convert sysctl permission checks to use kuid and kgids.
userns: Convert proc to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ext4 to user kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ext3 to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ext2 to use kuid/kgid where appropriate.
userns: Convert devpts to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert binary formats to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Add negative depends on entries to avoid building code that is userns unsafe
userns: signal remove unnecessary map_cred_ns
userns: Teach inode_capable to understand inodes whose uids map to other namespaces.
userns: Fail exec for suid and sgid binaries with ids outside our user namespace.
userns: Convert stat to return values mapped from kuids and kgids
userns: Convert user specfied uids and gids in chown into kuids and kgid
userns: Use uid_eq gid_eq helpers when comparing kuids and kgids in the vfs
...
Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Leftover AMD PMU driver fix fix from the end of the v3.4
stabilization cycle.
- Late tools/perf/ changes that missed the first round:
* endianness fixes
* event parsing improvements
* libtraceevent fixes factored out from trace-cmd
* perl scripting engine fixes related to libtraceevent,
* testcase improvements
* perf inject / pipe mode fixes
* plus a kernel side fix
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
perf/x86: Update event scheduling constraints for AMD family 15h models
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
Revert "sched, perf: Use a single callback into the scheduler"
perf evlist: Show event attribute details
perf tools: Bump default sample freq to 4 kHz
perf buildid-list: Work better with pipe mode
perf tools: Fix piped mode read code
perf inject: Fix broken perf inject -b
perf tools: rename HEADER_TRACE_INFO to HEADER_TRACING_DATA
perf tools: Add union u64_swap type for swapping u64 data
perf tools: Carry perf_event_attr bitfield throught different endians
perf record: Fix documentation for branch stack sampling
perf target: Add cpu flag to sample_type if target has cpu
perf tools: Always try to build libtraceevent
perf tools: Rename libparsevent to libtraceevent in Makefile
perf script: Rename struct event to struct event_format in perl engine
perf script: Explicitly handle known default print arg type
perf tools: Add hardcoded name term for pmu events
perf tools: Separate 'mem:' event scanner bits
perf tools: Use allocated list for each parsed event
perf tools: Add support for displaying event parser debug info
perf test: Move parse event automated tests to separated object
This reverts commit cb04ff9ac4 ("sched, perf: Use a single
callback into the scheduler").
Before this change was introduced, the process switch worked
like this (wrt. to perf event schedule):
schedule (prev, next)
- schedule out all perf events for prev
- switch to next
- schedule in all perf events for current (next)
After the commit, the process switch looks like:
schedule (prev, next)
- schedule out all perf events for prev
- schedule in all perf events for (next)
- switch to next
The problem is, that after we schedule perf events in, the pmu
is enabled and we can receive events even before we make the
switch to next - so "current" still being prev process (event
SAMPLE data are filled based on the value of the "current"
process).
Thats exactly what we see for test__PERF_RECORD test. We receive
SAMPLES with PID of the process that our tracee is scheduled
from.
Discussed with Peter Zijlstra:
> Bah!, yeah I guess reverting is the right thing for now. Sad
> though.
>
> So by having the two hooks we have a black-spot between them
> where we receive no events at all, this black-spot covers the
> hand-over of current and we thus don't receive the 'wrong'
> events.
>
> I rather liked we could do away with both that black-spot and
> clean up the code a little, but apparently people rely on it.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: acme@redhat.com
Cc: paulus@samba.org
Cc: cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: eranian@google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120523111302.GC1638@m.brq.redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull scheduler changes from Ingo Molnar:
"The biggest change is the cleanup/simplification of the load-balancer:
instead of the current practice of architectures twiddling scheduler
internal data structures and providing the scheduler domains in
colorfully inconsistent ways, we now have generic scheduler code in
kernel/sched/core.c:sched_init_numa() that looks at the architecture's
node_distance() parameters and (while not fully trusting it) deducts a
NUMA topology from it.
This inevitably changes balancing behavior - hopefully for the better.
There are various smaller optimizations, cleanups and fixlets as well"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched: Taint kernel with TAINT_WARN after sleep-in-atomic bug
sched: Remove stale power aware scheduling remnants and dysfunctional knobs
sched/debug: Fix printing large integers on 32-bit platforms
sched/fair: Improve the ->group_imb logic
sched/nohz: Fix rq->cpu_load[] calculations
sched/numa: Don't scale the imbalance
sched/fair: Revert sched-domain iteration breakage
sched/x86: Rewrite set_cpu_sibling_map()
sched/numa: Fix the new NUMA topology bits
sched/numa: Rewrite the CONFIG_NUMA sched domain support
sched/fair: Propagate 'struct lb_env' usage into find_busiest_group
sched/fair: Add some serialization to the sched_domain load-balance walk
sched/fair: Let minimally loaded cpu balance the group
sched: Change rq->nr_running to unsigned int
x86/numa: Check for nonsensical topologies on real hw as well
x86/numa: Hard partition cpu topology masks on node boundaries
x86/numa: Allow specifying node_distance() for numa=fake
x86/sched: Make mwait_usable() heed to "idle=" kernel parameters properly
sched: Update documentation and comments
sched_rt: Avoid unnecessary dequeue and enqueue of pushable tasks in set_cpus_allowed_rt()
Pull perf changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Lots of changes:
- (much) improved assembly annotation support in perf report, with
jump visualization, searching, navigation, visual output
improvements and more.
- kernel support for AMD IBS PMU hardware features. Notably 'perf
record -e cycles:p' and 'perf top -e cycles:p' should work without
skid now, like PEBS does on the Intel side, because it takes
advantage of IBS transparently.
- the libtracevents library: it is the first step towards unifying
tracing tooling and perf, and it also gives a tracing library for
external tools like powertop to rely on.
- infrastructure: various improvements and refactoring of the UI
modules and related code
- infrastructure: cleanup and simplification of the profiling
targets code (--uid, --pid, --tid, --cpu, --all-cpus, etc.)
- tons of robustness fixes all around
- various ftrace updates: speedups, cleanups, robustness
improvements.
- typing 'make' in tools/ will now give you a menu of projects to
build and a short help text to explain what each does.
- ... and lots of other changes I forgot to list.
The perf record make bzImage + perf report regression you reported
should be fixed."
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (166 commits)
tracing: Remove kernel_lock annotations
tracing: Fix initial buffer_size_kb state
ring-buffer: Merge separate resize loops
perf evsel: Create events initially disabled -- again
perf tools: Split term type into value type and term type
perf hists: Fix callchain ip printf format
perf target: Add uses_mmap field
ftrace: Remove selecting FRAME_POINTER with FUNCTION_TRACER
ftrace/x86: Have x86 ftrace use the ftrace_modify_all_code()
ftrace: Make ftrace_modify_all_code() global for archs to use
ftrace: Return record ip addr for ftrace_location()
ftrace: Consolidate ftrace_location() and ftrace_text_reserved()
ftrace: Speed up search by skipping pages by address
ftrace: Remove extra helper functions
ftrace: Sort all function addresses, not just per page
tracing: change CPU ring buffer state from tracing_cpumask
tracing: Check return value of tracing_dentry_percpu()
ring-buffer: Reset head page before running self test
ring-buffer: Add integrity check at end of iter read
ring-buffer: Make addition of pages in ring buffer atomic
...
Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
"cgroup file type addition / removal is updated so that file types are
added and removed instead of individual files so that dynamic file
type addition / removal can be implemented by cgroup and used by
controllers. blkio controller changes which will come through block
tree are dependent on this. Other changes include res_counter cleanup
and disallowing kthread / PF_THREAD_BOUND threads to be attached to
non-root cgroups.
There's a reported bug with the file type addition / removal handling
which can lead to oops on cgroup umount. The issue is being looked
into. It shouldn't cause problems for most setups and isn't a
security concern."
Fix up trivial conflict in Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
* 'for-3.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (21 commits)
res_counter: Account max_usage when calling res_counter_charge_nofail()
res_counter: Merge res_counter_charge and res_counter_charge_nofail
cgroups: disallow attaching kthreadd or PF_THREAD_BOUND threads
cgroup: remove cgroup_subsys->populate()
cgroup: get rid of populate for memcg
cgroup: pass struct mem_cgroup instead of struct cgroup to socket memcg
cgroup: make css->refcnt clearing on cgroup removal optional
cgroup: use negative bias on css->refcnt to block css_tryget()
cgroup: implement cgroup_rm_cftypes()
cgroup: introduce struct cfent
cgroup: relocate __d_cgrp() and __d_cft()
cgroup: remove cgroup_add_file[s]()
cgroup: convert memcg controller to the new cftype interface
memcg: always create memsw files if CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
cgroup: convert all non-memcg controllers to the new cftype interface
cgroup: relocate cftype and cgroup_subsys definitions in controllers
cgroup: merge cft_release_agent cftype array into the base files array
cgroup: implement cgroup_add_cftypes() and friends
cgroup: build list of all cgroups under a given cgroupfs_root
cgroup: move cgroup_clear_directory() call out of cgroup_populate_dir()
...
Pull smp hotplug cleanups from Thomas Gleixner:
"This series is merily a cleanup of code copied around in arch/* and
not changing any of the real cpu hotplug horrors yet. I wish I'd had
something more substantial for 3.5, but I underestimated the lurking
horror..."
Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/{arm,sparc,x86}/Kconfig and
arch/sparc/include/asm/thread_info_32.h
* 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (79 commits)
um: Remove leftover declaration of alloc_task_struct_node()
task_allocator: Use config switches instead of magic defines
sparc: Use common threadinfo allocator
score: Use common threadinfo allocator
sh-use-common-threadinfo-allocator
mn10300: Use common threadinfo allocator
powerpc: Use common threadinfo allocator
mips: Use common threadinfo allocator
hexagon: Use common threadinfo allocator
m32r: Use common threadinfo allocator
frv: Use common threadinfo allocator
cris: Use common threadinfo allocator
x86: Use common threadinfo allocator
c6x: Use common threadinfo allocator
fork: Provide kmemcache based thread_info allocator
tile: Use common threadinfo allocator
fork: Provide weak arch_release_[task_struct|thread_info] functions
fork: Move thread info gfp flags to header
fork: Remove the weak insanity
sh: Remove cpu_idle_wait()
...
Pull RCU changes from Ingo Molnar:
"This is the v3.5 RCU tree from Paul E. McKenney:
1) A set of improvements and fixes to the RCU_FAST_NO_HZ feature (with
more on the way for 3.6). Posted to LKML:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/23/324 (commits 1-3 and 5),
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/16/611 (commit 4),
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/30/390 (commit 6), and
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/5/4/410 (commit 7, combined with
the other commits for the convenience of the tester).
2) Changes to make rcu_barrier() avoid disrupting execution of CPUs
that have no RCU callbacks. Posted to LKML:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/23/322.
3) A couple of commits that improve the efficiency of the interaction
between preemptible RCU and the scheduler, these two being all that
survived an abortive attempt to allow preemptible RCU's
__rcu_read_lock() to be inlined. The full set was posted to LKML at
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/14/143, and the first and third patches
of that set remain.
4) Lai Jiangshan's algorithmic implementation of SRCU, which includes
call_srcu() and srcu_barrier(). A major feature of this new
implementation is that synchronize_srcu() no longer disturbs the
execution of other CPUs. This work is based on earlier
implementations by Peter Zijlstra and Paul E. McKenney. Posted to
LKML: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/2/22/82.
5) A number of miscellaneous bug fixes and improvements which were
posted to LKML at: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/23/353 with
subsequent updates posted to LKML."
* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (32 commits)
rcu: Make rcu_barrier() less disruptive
rcu: Explicitly initialize RCU_FAST_NO_HZ per-CPU variables
rcu: Make RCU_FAST_NO_HZ handle timer migration
rcu: Update RCU maintainership
rcu: Make exit_rcu() more precise and consolidate
rcu: Move PREEMPT_RCU preemption to switch_to() invocation
rcu: Ensure that RCU_FAST_NO_HZ timers expire on correct CPU
rcu: Add rcutorture test for call_srcu()
rcu: Implement per-domain single-threaded call_srcu() state machine
rcu: Use single value to handle expedited SRCU grace periods
rcu: Improve srcu_readers_active_idx()'s cache locality
rcu: Remove unused srcu_barrier()
rcu: Implement a variant of Peter's SRCU algorithm
rcu: Improve SRCU's wait_idx() comments
rcu: Flip ->completed only once per SRCU grace period
rcu: Increment upper bit only for srcu_read_lock()
rcu: Remove fast check path from __synchronize_srcu()
rcu: Direct algorithmic SRCU implementation
rcu: Introduce rcutorture testing for rcu_barrier()
timer: Fix mod_timer_pinned() header comment
...
Merge reason: We are going to queue up a dependent patch:
"perf tools: Move parse event automated tests to separated object"
That depends on:
commit e7c72d8
perf tools: Add 'G' and 'H' modifiers to event parsing
Conflicts:
tools/perf/builtin-stat.c
Conflicted with the recent 'perf_target' patches when checking the
result of perf_evsel open routines to see if a retry is needed to cope
with older kernels where the exclude guest/host perf_event_attr bits
were not used.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Usually sleep-in-atomic bugs are followed by dozens other warnings.
This patch should help to figure out original source of problem.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120510122004.4873.12726.stgit@zurg
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
It's been broken forever (i.e. it's not scheduling in a power
aware fashion), as reported by Suresh and others sending
patches, and nobody cares enough to fix it properly ...
so remove it to make space free for something better.
There's various problems with the code as it stands today, first
and foremost the user interface which is bound to topology
levels and has multiple values per level. This results in a
state explosion which the administrator or distro needs to
master and almost nobody does.
Furthermore large configuration state spaces aren't good, it
means the thing doesn't just work right because it's either
under so many impossibe to meet constraints, or even if
there's an achievable state workloads have to be aware of
it precisely and can never meet it for dynamic workloads.
So pushing this kind of decision to user-space was a bad idea
even with a single knob - it's exponentially worse with knobs
on every node of the topology.
There is a proposal to replace the user interface with a single
3 state knob:
sched_balance_policy := { performance, power, auto }
where 'auto' would be the preferred default which looks at things
like Battery/AC mode and possible cpufreq state or whatever the hw
exposes to show us power use expectations - but there's been no
progress on it in the past many months.
Aside from that, the actual implementation of the various knobs
is known to be broken. There have been sporadic attempts at
fixing things but these always stop short of reaching a mergable
state.
Therefore this wholesale removal with the hopes of spurring
people who care to come forward once again and work on a
coherent replacement.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Cc: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1326104915.2442.53.camel@twins
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
While investigating why the load-balancer did funny I found that the
rq->cpu_load[] tables were completely screwy.. a bit more digging
revealed that the updates that got through were missing ticks followed
by a catchup of 2 ticks.
The catchup assumes the cpu was idle during that time (since only nohz
can cause missed ticks and the machine is idle etc..) this means that
esp. the higher indices were significantly lower than they ought to
be.
The reason for this is that its not correct to compare against jiffies
on every jiffy on any other cpu than the cpu that updates jiffies.
This patch cludges around it by only doing the catch-up stuff from
nohz_idle_balance() and doing the regular stuff unconditionally from
the tick.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: pjt@google.com
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-tp4kj18xdd5aj4vvj0qg55s2@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
It's far too easy to get ridiculously large imbalance pct when you
scale it like that. Use a fixed 125% for now.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-zsriaft1dv7hhboyrpvqjy6s@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Patches c22402a2f ("sched/fair: Let minimally loaded cpu balance the
group") and 0ce90475 ("sched/fair: Add some serialization to the
sched_domain load-balance walk") are horribly broken so revert them.
The problem is that while it sounds good to have the minimally loaded
cpu do the pulling of more load, the way we walk the domains there is
absolutely no guarantee this cpu will actually get to the domain. In
fact its very likely it wont. Therefore the higher up the tree we get,
the less likely it is we'll balance at all.
The first of mask always walks up, while sucky in that it accumulates
load on the first cpu and needs extra passes to spread it out at least
guarantees a cpu gets up that far and load-balancing happens at all.
Since its now always the first and idle cpus should always be able to
balance so they get a task as fast as possible we can also do away
with the added serialization.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-rpuhs5s56aiv1aw7khv9zkw6@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Namhyung Kim