A group of Linux kernel hackers reported chasing a bug that resulted
from their assumption that SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU provided an existence
guarantee, that is, that no block from such a slab would be reallocated
during an RCU read-side critical section. Of course, that is not the
case. Instead, SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU only prevents freeing of an entire
slab of blocks.
However, there is a phrase for this, namely "type safety". This commit
therefore renames SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU to SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU in order
to avoid future instances of this sort of confusion.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
[ paulmck: Add comments mentioning the old name, as requested by Eric
Dumazet, in order to help people familiar with the old name find
the new one. ]
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
The rcu_all_qs() and rcu_note_context_switch() do a series of checks,
taking various actions to supply RCU with quiescent states, depending
on the outcomes of the various checks. This is a bit much for scheduling
fastpaths, so this commit creates a separate ->rcu_urgent_qs field in
the rcu_dynticks structure that acts as a global guard for these checks.
Thus, in the common case, rcu_all_qs() and rcu_note_context_switch()
check the ->rcu_urgent_qs field, find it false, and simply return.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
The rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle() function scans the RCU flavors, checking
that one of them still needs a quiescent state before doing an expensive
atomic operation on the ->dynticks counter. However, this check reduces
overhead only after a rare race condition, and increases complexity. This
commit therefore removes the scan and the mechanism enabling the scan.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_qs_ctr variable is yet another isolated per-CPU variable,
so this commit pulls it into the pre-existing rcu_dynticks per-CPU
structure.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_sched_qs_mask variable is yet another isolated per-CPU variable,
so this commit pulls it into the pre-existing rcu_dynticks per-CPU
structure.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
When an RCU-protected pointer is fetched but never dereferenced
rcu_access_pointer() should be used in place of rcu_dereference().
This commit explicitly records this very fact in Documentation/
RCU/rcu_dereference.txt, in order to prevent the usage of
rcu_dereference() in comparisons.
Signed-off-by: Michalis Kokologiannakis <mixaskok@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_assign_pointer() macro has changed over time, and the version
in Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt has not kept up. This commit brings
it into 2017, albeit in a simplified fashion.
Reported-by: Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
These changes include lighter-weight expedited grace periods, the fact
that expedited grace periods and rcu_barrier() no longer block CPU
hotplug, some HTML font fixups, noting that rcu_barrier() need not wait
for a grace period (even if callbacks are posted), the fact that SRCU
read-side critical sections can be used from offline CPUs, and the fact
that SRCU now maintains per-CPU callback lists.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_segcblist data structure, which contains segmented lists
of RCU callbacks, was recently added. This commit updates the
documentation accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit rearranges the Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt file to
put the list of issues that can cause RCU CPU stall warnings near
the beginning of the document.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a description of how expedited grace periods operate
during the mid-boot "dead zone", which starts when the scheduler spawns
the first kthread and ends when all of RCU's kthreads have been spawned.
In short, before mid-boot, synchronous grace periods can be a no-op.
After the end of mid-boot, workqueues may be used. During mid-boot,
the requesting task drivees the expedited grace period.
For more detail, see https://lwn.net/Articles/716148/.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit updates the "Early Boot" section of the RCU requirements
to describe how synchronous RCU grace periods are now legal throughout
the boot process.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Expedited grace periods no longer fall back to normal grace periods
in response to lock contention, given that expedited grace periods
now use the rcu_node tree so as to avoid contention. This commit
therfore removes the expedited_normal counter.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Now that quick-quiz answers are inline, there is no separate section
containing those answers. This commit therefore removes the dangling
reference from the RCU data-structures design documentation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit adds design documentation for expedited grace periods.
This documentation is in HTML rather than the new documentation
format because (1) I have prototype documentation already in HTML,
and (2) Attempting to learn the new documentation format while
creating the design documentation seems likely to result in neither
happening in a timely fashion.
Once the design documentation is complete, we can start a conversion effort.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
deference should actually be dereference.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Recent memory-model work deduces the relationships of RCU read-side
critical sections and grace periods based on the relationships of
accesses within a critical section and accesses preceding and following
the grace period. This commit therefore adds this viewpoint.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
A good practice is to prefix the names of functions by the name
of the subsystem.
The kthread worker API is a mix of classic kthreads and workqueues. Each
worker has a dedicated kthread. It runs a generic function that process
queued works. It is implemented as part of the kthread subsystem.
This patch renames the existing kthread worker API to use
the corresponding name from the workqueues API prefixed by
kthread_:
__init_kthread_worker() -> __kthread_init_worker()
init_kthread_worker() -> kthread_init_worker()
init_kthread_work() -> kthread_init_work()
insert_kthread_work() -> kthread_insert_work()
queue_kthread_work() -> kthread_queue_work()
flush_kthread_work() -> kthread_flush_work()
flush_kthread_worker() -> kthread_flush_worker()
Note that the names of DEFINE_KTHREAD_WORK*() macros stay
as they are. It is common that the "DEFINE_" prefix has
precedence over the subsystem names.
Note that INIT() macros and init() functions use different
naming scheme. There is no good solution. There are several
reasons for this solution:
+ "init" in the function names stands for the verb "initialize"
aka "initialize worker". While "INIT" in the macro names
stands for the noun "INITIALIZER" aka "worker initializer".
+ INIT() macros are used only in DEFINE() macros
+ init() functions are used close to the other kthread()
functions. It looks much better if all the functions
use the same scheme.
+ There will be also kthread_destroy_worker() that will
be used close to kthread_cancel_work(). It is related
to the init() function. Again it looks better if all
functions use the same naming scheme.
+ there are several precedents for such init() function
names, e.g. amd_iommu_init_device(), free_area_init_node(),
jump_label_init_type(), regmap_init_mmio_clk(),
+ It is not an argument but it was inconsistent even before.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix linux-next merge conflict]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160908135724.1311726-1-arnd@arndb.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1470754545-17632-3-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is an assertion in __call_rcu() that checks only the bottom
bit of the rcu_head pointer, rather than the bottom two (as might be
expected for 32-bit systems) or the bottom three (as might be expected
for 64-bit systems). This choice might be a bit surprising in these days
of ubiquitous 32-bit and 64-bit systems. This commit therefore records
the reason for this odd alignment check, namely that m68k guarantees
only two-byte alignment despite being a 32-bit architectures.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE was removed by commit 4e9a073f60
("torture: Remove CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE, simplify code"),
but the documentation was not updated accordingly. This commit therefore
updates the documentation to reflect CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE's
removal and to add a description for the alternative module parameter.
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Engestrom <eric@engestrom.ch>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
infrastructural work to allow documents to be written using restructured
text. Maybe someday, in a galaxy far far away, we'll be able to eliminate
the DocBook dependency and have a much better integrated set of kernel
docs. Someday.
Beyond that, there's a new document on security hardening from Kees, the
movement of some sample code over to samples/, a number of improvements to
the serial docs from Geert, and the usual collection of corrections, typo
fixes, etc.
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Merge tag 'docs-for-linus' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull Documentation updates from Jon Corbet:
"A bit busier this time around.
The most interesting thing (IMO) this time around is some beginning
infrastructural work to allow documents to be written using
restructured text. Maybe someday, in a galaxy far far away, we'll be
able to eliminate the DocBook dependency and have a much better
integrated set of kernel docs. Someday.
Beyond that, there's a new document on security hardening from Kees,
the movement of some sample code over to samples/, a number of
improvements to the serial docs from Geert, and the usual collection
of corrections, typo fixes, etc"
* tag 'docs-for-linus' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (55 commits)
doc: self-protection: provide initial details
serial: doc: Use port->state instead of info
serial: doc: Always refer to tty_port->mutex
Documentation: vm: Spelling s/paltform/platform/g
Documentation/memcg: update kmem limit doc as codes behavior
docproc: print a comment about autogeneration for rst output
docproc: add support for reStructuredText format via --rst option
docproc: abstract terminating lines at first space
docproc: abstract docproc directive detection
docproc: reduce unnecessary indentation
docproc: add variables for subcommand and filename
kernel-doc: use rst C domain directives and references for types
kernel-doc: produce RestructuredText output
kernel-doc: rewrite usage description, remove duplicated comments
Doc: correct the location of sysrq.c
Documentation: fix common spelling mistakes
samples: v4l: from Documentation to samples directory
samples: connector: from Documentation to samples directory
Documentation: xillybus: fix spelling mistake
Documentation: x86: fix spelling mistakes
...
This fixes several spelling mistakes in the Documentation/ tree, which
are caught by checkpatch.pl's spell checking.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
This commit adds documentation for RCU's major data structures,
including rcu_state, rcu_node, rcu_data, rcu_dynticks, and rcu_head.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit #cdacbe1f91264 ("rcu: Add fastpath bypassing funnel locking")
turns out to be a pessimization at high load because it forces a tree
full of tasks to wait for an expedited grace period that they probably
do not need. This commit therefore removes this optimization.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Although call_rcu()'s fastpath works just fine on an idle CPU,
some branches of the slowpath invoke the scheduler, which uses
RCU. Therefore, this commit emphasizes the fact that call_rcu()
must not be invoked from an idle CPU.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit uses colors to obscure the quick-quiz answers, thus getting
rid of the .htmlx file. Use your mouse to select the answer in order
to see the text. Alternatively, use your favorite scripting language
to remove all occurences of "<font color="ffffff">" from the file.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit removes a cutesy cartoon and also a diagram that can
just as easily be represented by text.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
There is already a blanket statement about no member of RCU's API
being legal from an offline CPU, but add an explicit note where it
states that it is illegal to invoke call_rcu() from an NMI handler.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a Quick Quiz whose answer explains why the compiler
code reordering enabled by CONFIG_PREEMPT=n's empty rcu_read_lock()
and rcu_read_unlock() functions does not hinder RCU's ability to figure
out which RCU read-side critical sections have completed and not.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit records RCU's responsibility to avoid degrading latencies
of CPUs running tight loops within properly configured workloads,
both in kernel and in userspace.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In the chapter 'analogy with reader-writer locking', the sample
code uses spinlock_t in reader-writer case. Just correct it so
that we can read the document easily.
Signed-off-by: Yao Dongdong <yaodongdong@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Because RCU-sched expedited grace periods now use IPIs and interact
with rcu_read_unlock(), it is no longer sufficient to disable preemption
across RCU read-side critical sections that acquire and hold scheduler
locks. It is now necessary to instead disable interrupts. This commit
documents this change.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The RCU requirements do not make it absolutely clear that the
memory-barrier requirements are not intended to replace the fundamental
requirement that all pre-existing RCU readers complete before a grace
period completes. This commit therefore pulls the memory-barrier
requirements into a separate section and explicitly calls out the
relationship between the memory-barrier requirements and the fundamental
requirement.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a second option for avoiding scheduler/RCU deadlocks,
namely that preemption be disabled across the entire RCU read-side
critical section in question.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit expands on RCU's composability by comparing it to that of
transactional memory and of locking.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds verbiage on boot and sysfs parameters that can be
used to control RCU CPU stall warnings, both to change the timeout
and to suppress these warnings entirely.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit records RCU's guarantee that the bottom bit of the rcu_head
structure's ->next field will remain zero for callbacks posted via
call_rcu(), but not necessarily for <tt>kfree_rcu()</tt> or some
possible future call_rcu_lazy() variant that might one day be created
for energy-efficiency purposese.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Updates URLs as suggested by Josh Triplett. ]
This commit adds RCU requirements as published in a 2015 LWN series.
Bringing these requirements in-tree allows them to be updated as changes
are discovered.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Updates to charset and URLs as suggested by Josh Triplett. ]
Paul E. McKenney