When limiting memory by mem= and ACPI DSDT table has PNP0C80,
firmware_map_entrys of same memory range are allocated and memmap X
sysfses which have same memory range are created as follows:
# cat /sys/firmware/memmap/0/*
0x407ffffffff
0x40000000000
System RAM
# cat /sys/firmware/memmap/33/*
0x407ffffffff
0x40000000000
System RAM
# cat /sys/firmware/memmap/35/*
0x407ffffffff
0x40000000000
System RAM
In this case, when hot-removing memory, kernel panic occurs, showing
following call trace:
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 00000001003e000b
IP: sysfs_open_file+0x46/0x2b0
PGD 203a89fe067 PUD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
...
Call Trace:
do_dentry_open+0x1ef/0x2a0
finish_open+0x31/0x40
do_last+0x57c/0x1220
path_openat+0xc2/0x4c0
do_filp_open+0x4b/0xb0
do_sys_open+0xf3/0x1f0
SyS_open+0x1e/0x20
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
The problem occurs as follows:
When calling e820_reserve_resources(), firmware_map_entrys of all e820
memory map are allocated. And all firmware_map_entrys is added
map_entries list as follows:
map_entries
-> +--- entry A --------+ -> ...
| start 0x407ffffffff|
| end 0x40000000000|
| type System RAM |
+--------------------+
After that, if ACPI DSDT table has PNP0C80 and the memory range is
limited by mem=, the PNP0C80 is hot-added. Then firmware_map_entry of
PNP0C80 is allocated and added map_entries list as follows:
map_entries
-> +--- entry A --------+ -> ... -> +--- entry B --------+
| start 0x407ffffffff| | start 0x407ffffffff|
| end 0x40000000000| | end 0x40000000000|
| type System RAM | | type System RAM |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
Then memmap 0 sysfs for entry B is created.
After that, firmware_memmap_init() creates memmap sysfses of all
firmware_map_entrys in map_entries list. As a result, memmap 33 sysfs
for entry A and memmap 35 sysfs for entry B are created. But kobject of
entry B has been used by memmap 0 sysfs. So when creating memmap 35
sysfs, the kobject is broken.
If hot-removing memory, memmap 0 sysfs is destroyed and kobject of
memmap 0 sysfs is freed. But the kobject can be accessed via memmap 35
sysfs. So when open memmap 35 sysfs, kernel panic occurs.
This patch checks whether there is firmware_map_entry of same memory
range in map_entries list and don't allocate firmware_map_entry of same
memroy range.
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
firmware_map_add_hotplug() calls firmware_map_find_entry_bootmem() to
get free firmware_map_entry. But end arguments is not correct. So
firmware_map_find_entry_bootmem() cannot not find firmware_map_entry.
The patch passes the correct end argument to firmware_map_find_entry_bootmem().
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Switch to memblock interfaces for early memory allocator instead of
bootmem allocator. No functional change in beahvior than what it is in
current code from bootmem users points of view.
Archs already converted to NO_BOOTMEM now directly use memblock
interfaces instead of bootmem wrappers build on top of memblock. And
the archs which still uses bootmem, these new apis just fallback to
exiting bootmem APIs.
Signed-off-by: Grygorii Strashko <grygorii.strashko@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul@pwsan.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When hot removing memory, a firmware_map_entry which has memory range of
the memory is released by release_firmware_map_entry(). If the entry is
allocated by bootmem, release_firmware_map_entry() adds the entry to
map_entires_bootmem list when firmware_map_find_entry() finds the entry
from map_entries list. But firmware_map_find_entry never find the entry
sicne map_entires list does not have the entry. So the entry just
leaks.
Here are steps of leaking firmware_map_entry:
firmware_map_remove()
-> firmware_map_find_entry()
Find released entry from map_entries list
-> firmware_map_remove_entry()
Delete the entry from map_entries list
-> remove_sysfs_fw_map_entry()
...
-> release_firmware_map_entry()
-> firmware_map_find_entry()
Find the entry from map_entries list but the entry has been
deleted from map_entries list. So the entry is not added
to map_entries_bootmem. Thus the entry leaks
release_firmware_map_entry() should not call firmware_map_find_entry()
since releaed entry has been deleted from map_entries list. So the
patch delete firmware_map_find_entry() from releae_firmware_map_entry()
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When (hot)adding memory into system, /sys/firmware/memmap/X/{end, start,
type} sysfs files are created. But there is no code to remove these
files. This patch implements the function to remove them.
We cannot free firmware_map_entry which is allocated by bootmem because
there is no way to do so when the system is up. But we can at least
remember the address of that memory and reuse the storage when the
memory is added next time.
This patch also introduces a new list map_entries_bootmem to link the
map entries allocated by bootmem when they are removed, and a lock to
protect it. And these entries will be reused when the memory is
hot-added again.
The idea is suggestted by Andrew Morton.
NOTE: It is unsafe to return an entry pointer and release the
map_entries_lock. So we should not hold the map_entries_lock
separately in firmware_map_find_entry() and
firmware_map_remove_entry(). Hold the map_entries_lock across find
and remove /sys/firmware/memmap/X operation.
And also, users of these two functions need to be careful to
hold the lock when using these two functions.
[tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com: Hold spinlock across find|remove /sys operation]
[tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com: fix the wrong comments of map_entries]
[tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com: reuse the storage of /sys/firmware/memmap/X/ allocated by bootmem]
[tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com: fix section mismatch problem]
[tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com: fix the doc format in drivers/firmware/memmap.c]
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Julian Calaby <julian.calaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix this build error:
drivers/firmware/memmap.c:240:19: error: conflicting types for 'memmap_init'
arch/ia64/include/asm/pgtable.h:565:17: note: previous declaration of 'memmap_init' was here
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are two ways to create /sys/firmware/memmap/X sysfs:
- firmware_map_add_early
When the system starts, it is calledd from e820_reserve_resources()
- firmware_map_add_hotplug
When the memory is hot plugged, it is called from add_memory()
But these functions are called without unifying value of end argument as
below:
- end argument of firmware_map_add_early() : start + size - 1
- end argument of firmware_map_add_hogplug() : start + size
The patch unifies them to "start + size". Even if applying the patch,
/sys/firmware/memmap/X/end file content does not change.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clarify comments]
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Constify struct sysfs_ops.
This is part of the ops structure constification
effort started by Arjan van de Ven et al.
Benefits of this constification:
* prevents modification of data that is shared
(referenced) by many other structure instances
at runtime
* detects/prevents accidental (but not intentional)
modification attempts on archs that enforce
read-only kernel data at runtime
* potentially better optimized code as the compiler
can assume that the const data cannot be changed
* the compiler/linker move const data into .rodata
and therefore exclude them from false sharing
Signed-off-by: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Teigland <teigland@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Matt Domsch <Matt_Domsch@dell.com>
Acked-by: Maciej Sosnowski <maciej.sosnowski@intel.com>
Acked-by: Hans J. Koch <hjk@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
A memmap is a directory in sysfs which includes 3 text files: start, end
and type. For example:
start: 0x100000
end: 0x7e7b1cff
type: System RAM
Interface firmware_map_add was not called explicitly. Remove it and add
function firmware_map_add_hotplug as hotplug interface of memmap.
Each memory entry has a memmap in sysfs, When we hot-add new memory, sysfs
does not export memmap entry for it. We add a call in function add_memory
to function firmware_map_add_hotplug.
Add a new function add_sysfs_fw_map_entry() to create memmap entry, it
will be called when initialize memmap and hot-add memory.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: un-kernedoc a no longer kerneldoc comment]
Signed-off-by: Shaohui Zheng <shaohui.zheng@intel.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since alloc_bootmem() will never return inaccessible (via virtual
addressing) memory anyway, using the ..._low() variant only makes sense
when the physical address range of the allocated memory must fulfill
further constraints, espacially since on 64-bits (or more generally in all
cases where the pools the two variants allocate from are than the full
available range.
Probably the use in alloc_tce_table() could also be eliminated (based on
code inspection of pci-calgary_64.c), but that seems too risky given I
know nothing about that hardware and have no way to test it.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Addresses http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13484
Peer reported:
| The bug is introduced from kernel 2.6.27, if E820 table reserve the memory
| above 4G in 32bit OS(BIOS-e820: 00000000fff80000 - 0000000120000000
| (reserved)), system will report Int 6 error and hang up. The bug is caused by
| the following code in drivers/firmware/memmap.c, the resource_size_t is 32bit
| variable in 32bit OS, the BUG_ON() will be invoked to result in the Int 6
| error. I try the latest 32bit Ubuntu and Fedora distributions, all hit this
| bug.
|======
|static int firmware_map_add_entry(resource_size_t start, resource_size_t end,
| const char *type,
| struct firmware_map_entry *entry)
and it only happen with CONFIG_PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT is not set.
it turns out we need to pass u64 instead of resource_size_t for that.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comment]
Reported-and-tested-by: Peer Chen <pchen@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since I don't work for SUSE any more and the bwalle@suse.de address is
invalid, correct it in the copyright headers and documentation.
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bernhard.walle@gmx.de>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Building an allnoconfig kernel, sparse asked whether these could be
static, so I checked, and they are only used in the file where they are
declared.
Signed-off-by: Roel Kluin <roel.kluin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Various cleanup the drivers/firmware/memmap (after review by AKPM):
- fix kdoc to conform to the standard
- move kdoc from header to implementation files
- remove superfluous WARN_ON() after kmalloc()
- WARN_ON(x); if (!x) -> if(!WARN_ON(x))
- improve some comments
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix firmware/memmap printk format warnings:
drivers/firmware/memmap.c:156: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 4 has type 'resource_size_t'
drivers/firmware/memmap.c:161: warning: format '%llx' expects type 'long long unsigned int', but argument 4 has type 'resource_size_t'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds /sys/firmware/memmap interface that represents the BIOS
(or Firmware) provided memory map. The tree looks like:
/sys/firmware/memmap/0/start (hex number)
end (hex number)
type (string)
... /1/start
end
type
With the following shell snippet one can print the memory map in the same form
the kernel prints itself when booting on x86 (the E820 map).
--------- 8< --------------------------
#!/bin/sh
cd /sys/firmware/memmap
for dir in * ; do
start=$(cat $dir/start)
end=$(cat $dir/end)
type=$(cat $dir/type)
printf "%016x-%016x (%s)\n" $start $[ $end +1] "$type"
done
--------- >8 --------------------------
That patch only provides the needed interface:
1. The sysfs interface.
2. The structure and enumeration definition.
3. The function firmware_map_add() and firmware_map_add_early()
that should be called from architecture code (E820/EFI, for
example) to add the contents to the interface.
If the kernel is compiled without CONFIG_FIRMWARE_MEMMAP, the interface does
nothing without cluttering the architecture-specific code with #ifdef's.
The purpose of the new interface is kexec: While /proc/iomem represents
the *used* memory map (e.g. modified via kernel parameters like 'memmap'
and 'mem'), the /sys/firmware/memmap tree represents the unmodified memory
map provided via the firmware. So kexec can:
- use the original memory map for rebooting,
- use the /proc/iomem for setting up the ELF core headers for kdump
case that should only represent the memory of the system.
The patch has been tested on i386 and x86_64.
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Acked-by: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: kexec@lists.infradead.org
Cc: yhlu.kernel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Yasuaki Ishimatsu