Plus add a build time check so this doesn't go unnoticed again.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Adds a simple IRQ autodetection to the AMD Geode MFGPT driver, and more
importantly, adds some checks, if IRQs can actually be received on the
chosen line. This fixes cases where MFGPT is selected as clocksource
though not producing any ticks, so the kernel simply starves during
boot.
Signed-off-by: Jens Rottmann <JRottmann@LiPPERTEmbedded.de>
Cc: Andres Salomon <dilinger@debian.org>
Cc: linux-geode@bombadil.infradead.org
Cc: Jordan Crouse <jordan.crouse@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
fix:
arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c:24: warning: 'temp_stack' defined but not used
[ Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net>: fix build bug ]
Signed-off-by: Marcin Slusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Do we actually want these DirectMap lines in the x86 /proc/meminfo?
I can see they're interesting to CPA developers and TLB optimizers,
but they don't fit its usual "where has all my memory gone?" usage.
If they are to stay, here are some fixes.
1. On x86_32 without PAE, they're not 2M but 4M pages: no need to
mess with the internal enum, but show the right name to users.
2. Many machines can never show anything but 0 for DirectMap1G,
so suppress that line unless direct_gbpages are really enabled.
3. The unit in /proc/meminfo is kB not number of pages: HugePages
messed that up, but they're an example to regret not to follow.
4. Once we use kB, it's easy to see that 1GB has gone missing (which
explains why CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG=y soon wraps DirectMap2M negative):
because head_64.S's level2_ident_pgt entries were not counted.
My fix is not ideal, but works for more and for less than 1G,
and avoids interfering with early bootup pagetable contortions.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Adjust experimental tags in Kconfig, update config to notice that
i386/x86_64 is now single architecture.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
When a CPU core is shut down, all of its caches need to be flushed
to prevent stale data from causing errors if the core is resumed.
Current Linux suspend code performs an assignment after the flush,
which can add dirty data back to the cache. On some AMD platforms,
additional speculative reads have caused crashes on resume because
of this dirty data.
Relocate the cache flush to be the very last thing done before
halting. Tie into an assembly line so the compile will not
reorder it. Add some documentation explaining what is going
on and why we're doing this.
Signed-off-by: Mark Langsdorf <mark.langsdorf@amd.com>
Acked-by: Mark Borden <mark.borden@amd.com>
Acked-by: Michael Hohmuth <michael.hohmuth@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Currently, setup_p4_watchdog() use CCCR_OVF_PMI1 to enable the counter
overflow interrupts to the second logical core. But this bit doesn't work
on Pentium 4 Ds (model 4, stepping 4) and this patch avoids its use on
these processors. Tested on 4 different machines that have this
specific model with success.
Signed-off-by: Aristeu Rozanski <aris@redhat.com>
Cc: jvillalovos@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
If sysfs registration fails all memory used by IOMMU is freed. This
happens after dma_ops initialization and the functions will access the
freed memory then.
Fix this by initializing dma_ops after the sysfs registration.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds device table initializations which forbids memory accesses
for devices per default and disables all page faults.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
There's so much broken mmconfig hardware/bios'es out there,
that classing this as an error seems a little extreme.
Lower its priority to KERN_INFO so that it isn't so noisy
when booting with 'quiet'
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
msr_open tests for someone trying to open a device for a nonexistent CPU.
However, the function always returns 0, not ret like it should, hence
userspace can BUG the kernel trivially. This bug was introduced by the
cdev lock_kernel pushdown patch last May.
The BUG can be reproduced with these commands:
# mknod fubar c 202 8 <-- pick a number less than NR_CPUS that is not
the number of an online CPU
# cat fubar
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
AMD SB700 based systems with spread spectrum enabled use a SMM based
HPET emulation to provide proper frequency setting. The SMM code is
initialized with the first HPET register access and takes some time to
complete. During this time the config register reads 0xffffffff. We
check for max. 1000 loops whether the config register reads a non
0xffffffff value to make sure that HPET is up and running before we go
further. A counting loop is safe, as the HPET access takes thousands
of CPU cycles. On non SB700 based machines this check is only done
once and has no side effects.
Based on a quirk patch from: crane cai <crane.cai@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
clear bits for cpu nr > 8.
This allows us to boot the full range of possible CPUs that the
supported APIC model will allow. Previously we'd hang or boot up
with less than 8 CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Jeff Chua <jeff.chua.linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
so we don't get warning on 32bit system with 64g RAM or more
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
For some reason we had two parsers registered for maxcpus=. One in init/main.c
and another in arch/x86/smpboot.c. So I nuked the one in arch/x86.
Also 64-bit kernels used to handle maxcpus= as documented in
Documentation/cpu-hotplug.txt. CPUs with 'id > maxcpus' are initialized
but not booted. 32-bit version for some reason ignored them even though
all the infrastructure for booting them later is there.
In the current mainline both 64 and 32 bit versions are broken.
This patch restores the correct behaviour. I've tested x86_64 version on
4- and 8- way Core2 and 2-way Opteron based machines. Various config
combinations SMP, !SMP, CPU_HOTPLUG, !CPU_HOTPLUG.
Booted with maxcpus=1 and maxcpus=4, etc. Everything is working as expected.
So far we've received two reports from different people confirming that 32-bit
version also works fine, both on dual core laptops and 16way server machines.
[v2: This version fixes visws breakage pointed out by Ingo.]
Signed-off-by: Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Cc: lizf@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: jeff.chua.linux@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
First, lmb_enforce_memory_limit() interprets it's argument
(mostly, heh) as a size limit not an address limit. So pass
the raw cmdline_memory_size value into it. And we don't
need to check it against zero, lmb_enforce_memory_limit() does
that for us.
Next, free_initmem() needs special handling when the kernel
command line trims the available memory. The problem case is
if the trimmed out memory is where the kernel image itself
resides.
When that memory is trimmed out, we don't add those physical
ram areas to the sparsemem active ranges, amongst other things.
Which means that this free_initmem() code will free up invalid
page structs, resulting in either crashes or hangs.
Just quick fix this by not freeing initmem at all if "mem="
was given on the boot command line.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
- remove cheesy read_iloc() function
- move invalidate_entire_icache function to lock.S
- export proper prototypes for functions in lock.S
- only build lock.S when BFIN_ICACHE_LOCK is enabled
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Bryan Wu <cooloney@kernel.org>
Based on an original patch from Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>.
Currently, there is a possible reference-after-free in the spusched
code - contexts may be freed after we have released their state_mutex
in spusched_tick and find_victim.
This change takes a reference to the context before releasing the
mutex, so that the context doesn't get destroyed.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6: (47 commits)
usb: musb: pass configuration specifics via pdata
usb: musb: fix hanging when rmmod gadget driver
USB: Add MUSB and TUSB support
USB: serial: remove CONFIG_USB_DEBUG from sierra and option drivers
USB: Add vendor/product id of ZTE MF628 to option
USB: quirk PLL power down mode
USB: omap_udc: fix compilation with debug enabled
usb: cdc-acm: drain writes on close
usb: cdc-acm: stop dropping tx buffers
usb: cdc-acm: bugfix release()
usb gadget: issue notifications from ACM function
usb gadget: remove needless struct members
USB: sh: r8a66597-hcd: fix disconnect regression
USB: isp1301: fix compilation
USB: fix compiler warning fix
usb-storage: unusual_devs entry for Nokia 5300
USB: cdc-acm.c: Fix compile warnings
USB: BandRich BandLuxe C150/C250 HSPA Data Card Driver
USB: ftdi_sio: add support for PHI Fisco data cable (FT232BM based, VID/PID 0403:e40b)
usb: isp1760: don't be noisy about short packets.
...
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-2.6:
sparc64: Handle stack trace attempts before irqstacks are setup.
sparc64: Implement IRQ stacks.
sparc: remove include of linux/of_device.h from asm/of_device.h
sparc64: Fix recursion in stack overflow detection handling.
sparc/drivers: use linux/of_device.h instead of asm/of_device.h
sparc64: Don't MAGIC_SYSRQ ifdef smp_fetch_global_regs and support code.
Use platform_data to pass musb configuration-specific
details to musb driver.
This patch will prevent that other platforms selecting
HAVE_CLK and enabling musb won't break tree building.
The other parts of it will come when linux-omap merge
up more omap2/3 board-files.
Signed-off-by: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@nokia.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Things like lockdep can try to do stack backtraces before
the irqstack blocks have been setup. So don't try to match
their ranges so early on.
Also, remove unused variable in save_stack_trace().
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Clean up the code for crashes during SpeedStep probing on older
machines.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Done as a script (well, a single "git mv" actually) on request from
Yoshinori Sato as a way to avoid a huge diff.
Requested-by: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use WARN() instead of a printk+WARN_ON() pair; this way the message becomes
part of the warning section for better reporting/collection.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: arjan@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
SGI UV will have MMCFG base addresses that are greater than 4GB (32 bits).
v2: Use CONFIG_RESOURCES_64BIT instead of CONFIG_X86_64.
v3: Create a flag, that is set by platform specific code,
to disable the > 4GB check.
Signed-off-by: John Keller <jpk@sgi.com>
Cc: jpk@sgi.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0xcd1f): Section mismatch in reference from the function find_and_reserve_crashkernel() to the function .init.text:find_e820_area()
The function find_and_reserve_crashkernel() references
the function __init find_e820_area().
This is often because find_and_reserve_crashkernel lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of find_e820_area is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0xcd38): Section mismatch in reference from the function find_and_reserve_crashkernel() to the function .init.text:reserve_bootmem_generic()
The function find_and_reserve_crashkernel() references
the function __init reserve_bootmem_generic().
This is often because find_and_reserve_crashkernel lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of reserve_bootmem_generic is wrong.
find_and_reserve_crashkernel is called from __init function (reserve_crashkernel)
and calls 2 __init functions (find_e820_area, reserve_bootmem_generic),
so mark it __init
Signed-off-by: Marcin Slusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x14cf8): Section mismatch in reference from the function map_high() to the function .init.text:init_extra_mapping_uc()
The function map_high() references
the function __init init_extra_mapping_uc().
This is often because map_high lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of init_extra_mapping_uc is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x14d05): Section mismatch in reference from the function map_high() to the function .init.text:init_extra_mapping_wb()
The function map_high() references
the function __init init_extra_mapping_wb().
This is often because map_high lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of init_extra_mapping_wb is wrong.
map_high is called only from __init functions (map_*_high)
and calls 2 __init_functions (init_extra_mapping_*)
Signed-off-by: Marcin Slusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
yesterday I tried to reactivate my old 486 box and wanted to install a
current Linux with latest kernel on it. But it turned out that the
latest kernel does not boot because the machine crashes early in the
setup code.
After some debugging it turned out that the problem is the query_ist()
function. If this interrupt with that function is called the machine
simply locks up. It looks like a BIOS bug. Looking for a workaround for
this problem I wrote the attached patch. It checks for the CPUID
instruction and if it is not implemented it does not call the speedstep
BIOS function. As far as I know speedstep should be available since some
Pentium earliest.
Alan Cox observed that it's available since the Pentium II, so cpuid
levels 4 and 5 can be excluded altogether.
H. Peter Anvin cleaned up the code some more:
> Right in concept, but I dislike the implementation (duplication of the
> CPU detect code we already have). Could you try this patch and see if
> it works for you?
which, with a small modification to fix a build error with it the
resulting kernel boots on my machine.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Signed-off-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Currently, spu_run ignores the npc argument for contexts created with
SPU_CREATE_NOSCHED. While this is correct for isolated contexts,
there's no need to enforce the npc restriction on non-isolated NOSCHED
contexts.
This means that NOSCHED contexts can only ever run with an entry point
of 0x0.
This change to spu_run_init allows setting of the npc (and, while we're
at it, the privcntl) for non-isolated NOSCHED contexts. This allows
us to run NOSCHED contexts from any entry point.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Now that all the direct includes of asm/of_device.h are gone, this is
safe to do.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6:
[IA64] use bcd2bin/bin2bcd
[IA64] Ensure cpu0 can access per-cpu variables in early boot code
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x2fdf): Section mismatch in reference from the variable .LM3 to the variable .init.text:___alloc_bootmem
The function .LM3() references
the variable __init ___alloc_bootmem.
This is often because .LM3 lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of ___alloc_bootmem is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x2ff5): Section mismatch in reference from the variable .LM4 to the variable .init.text:___alloc_bootmem
The function .LM4() references
the variable __init ___alloc_bootmem.
This is often because .LM4 lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of ___alloc_bootmem is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x300b): Section mismatch in reference from the variable .LM5 to the variable .init.text:___alloc_bootmem
The function .LM5() references
the variable __init ___alloc_bootmem.
This is often because .LM5 lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of ___alloc_bootmem is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x304b): Section mismatch in reference from the variable .LM10 to the variable .init.text:_free_area_init
The function .LM10() references
the variable __init _free_area_init.
This is often because .LM10 lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of _free_area_init is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x30a3): Section mismatch in reference from the variable .LM17 to the variable .init.text:_free_all_bootmem
The function .LM17() references
the variable __init _free_all_bootmem.
This is often because .LM17 lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of _free_all_bootmem is wrong.
Signed-off-by: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch changes ia64 to use the new bcd2bin/bin2bcd functions instead
of the obsolete BCD2BIN/BIN2BCD macros.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Commit 2ccdd1e77d doesn't add
v7wbi_possible_flags and v7wbi_always_flags to possible_tlb_flags and
always_tlb_flags. This causes the L2 cache flush in clean_pmd_entry()
(intended for Feroceon only) to execute on ARMv7, and the CPU hangs.
This patch is required for OMAP3 boards to boot.
Signed-off-by: Paul Walmsley <paul@pwsan.com>
Acked-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@wantstofly.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Setup some missing syscall pointed out by the checksyscalls.sh script. Fix two
small whitespace issues while being there.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Schmidt <stefan@datenfreihafen.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Calling the undefined instruction handler functions with a
spinlock held is a recipe for must_sleep() warnings. Avoid it.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Fix Poodle ASoC compilation by providing Poodle LoCoMo GPIO names.
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
ia64 handles per-cpu variables a litle differently from other architectures
in that it maps the physical memory allocated for each cpu at a constant
virtual address (0xffffffffffff0000). This mapping is not enabled until
the architecture specific cpu_init() function is run, which causes problems
since some generic code is run before this point. In particular when
CONFIG_PRINTK_TIME is enabled, the boot cpu will trap on the access to
per-cpu memory at the first printk() call so the boot will fail without
the kernel printing anything to the console.
Fix this by allocating percpu memory for cpu0 in the kernel data section
and doing all initialization to enable percpu access in head.S before
calling any generic code.
Other cpus must take care not to access per-cpu variables too early, but
their code path from start_secondary() to cpu_init() is all in arch/ia64
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus:
fix spinlock recursion in hvc_console
stop_machine: remove unused variable
modules: extend initcall_debug functionality to the module loader
export virtio_rng.h
lguest: use get_user_pages_fast() instead of get_user_pages()
mm: Make generic weak get_user_pages_fast and EXPORT_GPL it
lguest: don't set MAC address for guest unless specified
This patch removes the hardcoded alias array from pxa25x.c and reimplements
its functionality using the new clock alias call.
Signed-off-by: Ian Molton <spyro@f2s.com>
This patch allows dynamic creation of clock aliases in order to
make it possible to have platform independent clock names for use in
device drivers.
Signed-off-by: Ian Molton <spyro@f2s.com>
The calls down into prom_printf() when we detect an overflowed stack
can recurse again since the overflow stack will be "below" the current
kernel stack limit.
Prevent this by just returning straight if we are on the stack
overflow safe stack already.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Out of line get_user_pages_fast fallback implementation, make it a weak
symbol, get rid of CONFIG_HAVE_GET_USER_PAGES_FAST.
Export the symbol to modules so lguest can use it.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86: fix 2.6.27rc1 cannot boot more than 8CPUs
x86: make "apic" an early_param() on 32-bit, NULL check
EFI, x86: fix function prototype
x86, pci-calgary: fix function declaration
x86: work around gcc 3.4.x bug
x86: make "apic" an early_param() on 32-bit
x86, debug: tone down arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c debugging printk
x86_64: restore the proper NR_IRQS define so larger systems work.
x86: Restore proper vector locking during cpu hotplug
x86: Fix broken VMI in 2.6.27-rc..
x86: fdiv bug detection fix
Fix an old off by one error in the legacy PCI bus check. 0xff
is a valid bus.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Jeff Chua reported that booting a !bigsmp kernel on a 16-way box
hangs silently.
this is a long-standing issue, smp start AP cpu could check the
apic id >=8 etc before trying to start it.
achieve this by moving the def_to_bigsmp check later and skip the
apicid id > 8
[ mingo@elte.hu: clean up the message that is printed. ]
Reported-by: "Jeff Chua" <jeff.chua.linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
arch/x86/kernel/setup.c | 6 ------
arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c | 10 ++++++++++
2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
Cyrill Gorcunov observed:
> you turned it into early_param so now it's NULL injecting vulnerabled.
> Could you please add checking for NULL str param?
fix that.
Also, change the name of 'str' into 'arg', to make it more apparent
that this is an optional argument that can be NULL, not a string
parameter that is empty when unset.
Reported-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Rene Herman <rene.herman@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'merge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc:
powerpc: Remove include/linux/harrier_defs.h
powerpc: Do not ignore arch/powerpc/include
powerpc: Delete completed "ppc removal" task from feature removal file
powerpc/mm: Fix attribute confusion with htab_bolt_mapping()
powerpc/pci: Don't keep ISA memory hole resources in the tree
powerpc: Zero fill the return values of rtas argument buffer
powerpc/4xx: Update defconfig files for 2.6.27-rc1
powerpc/44x: Incorrect NOR offset in Warp DTS
powerpc/44x: Warp DTS changes for board updates
powerpc/4xx: Cleanup Warp for i2c driver changes.
powerpc/44x: Adjust warp-nand resource end address
Fix function declaration:
linux-next-20080807/arch/x86/kernel/pci-calgary_64.c:1353:36: warning: non-ANSI function declaration of function 'get_tce_space_from_tar'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Acked-by: Muli Ben-Yehuda <muli@il.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Simon Horman reported that gcc-3.4.x crashes when compiling
pgd_prepopulate_pmd() when PREALLOCATED_PMDS == 0 and CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO
is enabled.
Adding an extra check for PREALLOCATED_PMDS == 0 [which is compiled out
by gcc] seems to avoid the problem.
Reported-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
On 32-bit, "apic" is a __setup() param meaning it is parsed rather
late in the game. Make it an early_param() for apic_printk() use
by arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c.
On 64-bit, it already is an early_param().
Signed-off-by: Rene Herman <rene.herman@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
commit 11a62a0560 turns some formerly
nopped debugging printks in arch/x86/kernel/mppparse.c into regular
ones. The one at the top of smp_scan_config() in particular also
prints on !CONFIG_SMP/CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC kernels and UP machines
without anything resembling MP tables which makes their lowly UP
owners wonder...
Turn the former Dprintk()s into apic_printk()s instead meaning that
their printing is dependent on passing the apic=verbose (or =debug)
command line param.
On 32-bit, "apic" is a __setup() param which isn't early enough
for this code and therefore needs a followup changing it into an
early_param(). On 64-bit, it already is.
Signed-off-by: Rene Herman <rene.herman@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
SH needs this in order to make sure that r4 has a sane value at process
entry time, which the libc expects has already been taken care of.
Fixes random crashes in flat binaries.
Signed-off-by: Takashi YOSHII <yoshii.takashi@renesas.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Export the LCD panel size for sh_mobile_lcdc boards. This allows us
to perform dpi and screen aspect ratio calculations in user space.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm@igel.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Allow user to pass parameters on kernel command line to override
default size for physically contiguous memory buffers. The default
VPU buffer size is too small for VGA harware encoding, but instead
of just bumping up the number we allow the user to override the
default size using the command line. Supports SuperH Mobile hardware
blocks such as VEU, VPU and CEU.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm@igel.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Export sh7723 VEU hardware blocks as VEU2H. The sh7723 VEU2H differs
a bit from the sh7722 VEU so use different names for our UIO devices.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm@igel.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Remove MSTPCR register definitions from Migo-R header file. The clock
frame work should be used instead of direct register access.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm@igel.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
SH7763 has sh_eth device. This patch add sh_eth platform device
to this board.
Signed-off-by: Nobuhiro Iwamatsu <iwamatsu.nobuhiro@renesas.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Presently we oops in mm/hugetlb.c:1325, which is the order == 0 test in
hugetlb_add_hstate() called at initialization time. So, disable 64kB
huge pages when we're using a 64kB PAGE_SIZE. On most parts this will
force the default to be 1MB huge pages.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
rsk7203_defconfig fails to build with the following error:
<-- snip -->
...
LD .tmp_vmlinux1
arch/sh/kernel/built-in.o:(__ksymtab+0xb8): undefined reference to `__udivsi3_i4i'
arch/sh/kernel/built-in.o:(__ksymtab+0xc8): undefined reference to `__sdivsi3_i4i'
make[1]: *** [.tmp_vmlinux1] Error 1
<-- snip -->
That worked with 2.6.26, and these are far less undefined references
than in the cases where libgcc was missing.
[ These symbols are not defined on SH-2 versions of libgcc, so we have to
special case the export there. - Paul ]
Reported-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
This patches compile errors like the following caused by
commit 51f3547d61
(sh: Allow SH-3 and SH-5 to use common headers):
<-- snip -->
...
CC arch/sh/mm/init.o
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/sh/mm/init.c: In function 'mem_init':
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/sh/mm/init.c:232: error: implicit declaration of function 'p3_cache_init'
make[2]: *** [arch/sh/mm/init.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [arch/sh/mm] Error 2
...
CC kernel/fork.o
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/fork.c: In function 'dup_mmap':
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/fork.c:323: error: implicit declaration of function 'flush_dcache_mmap_lock'
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/fork.c:325: error: implicit declaration of function 'flush_dcache_mmap_unlock'
make[2]: *** [kernel/fork.o] Error 1
<-- snip -->
Reported-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Having cpu_online_map change during assign_irq_vector can result
in some really nasty and weird things happening. The one that
bit me last time was accessing non existent per cpu memory for non
existent cpus.
This locking was removed in a sloppy x86_64 and x86_32 merge patch.
Guys can we please try and avoid subtly breaking x86 when we are
merging files together?
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Back when .gitignore file was added to arch/powerpc/ in 06f2138 ([POWERPC]
Add files build to .gitignore, 2006-11-26), there indeed was nothing
tracked in the ignored hierarchy and ignoring everything made sense. But
we have very many tracked files there these days, and having a higher
level .gitignore that ignores everything is asking for future troubles..
This should have been part of b8b572e (powerpc: Move include files to
arch/powerpc/include/asm, 2008-08-01).
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Acked-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The function htab_bolt_mapping() is used to create permanent
mappings in the MMU hash table, for example, in order to create
the linear mapping of vmemmap. It's also used by early boot
ioremap (before mem_init_done).
However, the way ioremap uses it is incorrect as it passes it the
protection flags in the "linux PTE" form while htab_bolt_mapping()
expects them in the hash table format. This is made more confusing by
the fact that some of those flags are actually in the same position in
both cases.
This fixes it all by making htab_bolt_mapping() take normal linux
protection flags instead, and use a little helper to convert them to
htab flags. Callers can now use the usual PAGE_* definitions safely.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
arch/powerpc/include/asm/mmu-hash64.h | 2 -
arch/powerpc/mm/hash_utils_64.c | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------
arch/powerpc/mm/init_64.c | 9 +---
3 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
When we have an ISA memory hole (ie, a PCI window that allows us to
generate PCI memory cycles at low PCI address) mixed with other
resources using a different CPU <=> PCI mapping, we must not keep
the ISA hole in the bridge resource list.
If we do, things might start trying to allocate device resources
in there and will get the PCI addresses wrong.
This fixes it by arranging to remove the ISA memory hole resource in
this case. This fixes various cases of PCMCIA breakage on PowerBooks
using the MPC106 "grackle" bridge.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The kernel copy of the rtas args struct contains the return
value(s) for the specified rtas call. These are copied back
to user space with the assumption that every value has been
set by the rtas call, which turns out to be not always true.
Thus userspace can see random values and think the call failed
when in fact it succeeded, but for some reason didn't set one
of the return values.
This fixes the problem by zeroing out the return value fields
of the rtas args struct before processing the rtas call.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Fontenot <nfont@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Convert the existing dma_sync_single_for_* APIs to the new range based
APIs, and make the dma_sync_single_for_* API a superset of it.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
OMAP at least gets the return type(s) for the DMA translation functions
wrong, which can lead to subtle errors. Avoid this by moving the DMA
translation functions to asm/dma-mapping.h, and converting them to
inline functions.
Fix the OMAP DMA translation macros to use the correct argument and
result types.
Also, remove the unnecessary casts in dmabounce.c.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Based upon a report and initial patch by Friedrich Oslage.
The intention is to provide this facility for
__trigger_all_cpu_backtrace even if MAGIC_SYSRQ is not set.
The only part that should have MAGIC_SYSRQ ifdef protection is the
sparc_globalreg_op sysrq regitration and immediate code.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch will truncate and/or ignore memory banks if their kernel
direct mappings would (partially) overlap with the vmalloc area or
the mappings between the vmalloc area and the address space top, to
prevent crashing during early boot if there happens to be more RAM
installed than we are expecting.
Since the start of the vmalloc area is not at a fixed address (but
the vmalloc end address is, via the per-platform VMALLOC_END define),
a default area of 128M is reserved for vmalloc mappings, which can
be shrunk or enlarged by passing an appropriate vmalloc= command line
option as it is done on x86.
On a board with a 3:1 user:kernel split, VMALLOC_END at 0xfe000000,
two 512M RAM banks and vmalloc=128M (the default), this patch gives:
Truncating RAM at 20000000-3fffffff to -35ffffff (vmalloc region overlap).
Memory: 512MB 352MB = 864MB total
On a board with a 3:1 user:kernel split, VMALLOC_END at 0xfe800000,
two 256M RAM banks and vmalloc=768M, this patch gives:
Truncating RAM at 00000000-0fffffff to -0e7fffff (vmalloc region overlap).
Ignoring RAM at 10000000-1fffffff (vmalloc region overlap).
Signed-off-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@marvell.com>
Tested-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@iki.fi>
The QNAP TS-109/TS-209 and TS-409 devices need RTC_DRV_S35390A.
Signed-off-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Signed-off-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@marvell.com>
Enable RTC_DRV_PCF8563 in the Orion defconfig since this driver is
needed by the HP mv2120.
Signed-off-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Signed-off-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@marvell.com>
Enable KEYBOARD_GPIO in the Orion defconfig because a number of Orion
devices, such as the HP mv2120, define gpio-keys buttons.
Signed-off-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Signed-off-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@marvell.com>
The reset button on the QNAP TS-409 is available through gpio.
Signed-off-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Signed-off-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@marvell.com>
Use key codes for the buttons on the TS-209/TS-409 that make more
sense than the current values.
Signed-off-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Acked-by: Byron Bradley <byron.bbradley@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@marvell.com>
Export the four red SATA LEDs on the QNAP TS-409 that are connected
through gpio. Since the boot loader apparently sets the SATA LEDs 2-4
to red and the SATA LED can only be red or green (but not both),
exporting the red SATA LEDs (which automatically turns them off upon
boot) makes the green SATA presence/activity indication visible.
Signed-off-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Acked-by: Sylver Bruneau <sylver.bruneau@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@marvell.com>
On D0 5281 SoCs, we need to disable the wait-for-interrupt
instruction due to an erratum.
Signed-off-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@marvell.com>
Acked-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
The cats_map_irq() function in the Simtec CATS support
code is mapping IRQ 255 (invalid IRQ) into what is a
supposedly valid interrupt numner which can cause problems
with other devices then seeing an interrupt they cannot
claim.
If the IRQ number if >= 255, then return -1 as this is not
something we can map.
Signed-off-by: Ben Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org>
Removed duplicated include file <linux/mtd/mtd.h> and <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
in arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c.
Signed-off-by: Huang Weiyi <weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org>
This patch performs the equivalent include directory shuffle for
plat-orion, and fixes up all users.
Signed-off-by: Lennert Buytenhek <buytenh@marvell.com>
* 'fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davej/cpufreq:
[CPUFREQ][2/2] preregister support for powernow-k8
[CPUFREQ][1/2] whitespace fix for powernow-k8
[CPUFREQ] Update MAINTAINERS to reflect new mailing list.
[CPUFREQ] Fix warning in elanfreq
[CPUFREQ] Fix -Wshadow warning in conservative governor.
[CPUFREQ] Remove EXPERIMENTAL annotation from VIA C7 powersaver kconfig.
The lowmem mapping table created by VMI need not depend on max_low_pfn
at all. Instead we now create an extra large mapping which covers all
possible lowmem instead of the physical ram that is actually available.
This allows the vmi initialization to be done before max_low_pfn could
be computed. We also move the vmi_init code very early in the boot process
so that nobody accidentally breaks the fixmap dependancy.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com>
Acked-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
This patch provides support for the _PSD ACPI object in the Powernow-k8
driver. Although it looks like an invasive patch, most of it is
simply the consequence of turning the static acpi_performance_data
structure into a pointer.
AMD has tested it on several machines over the past few days without issue.
[trivial checkpatch warnings fixed up by davej]
[X86_POWERNOW_K8_ACPI=n buildfix from Randy Dunlap]
Signed-off-by: Mark Langsdorf <mark.langsdorf@amd.com>
Tested-by: Frank Arnold <frank.arnold@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c:47:26: warning: symbol 'elan_multiplier' was not declared. Should it be static?
Yes, yes it should.
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
* 'for-linus-merged' of master.kernel.org:/home/rmk/linux-2.6-arm:
[ARM] 5177/1: arm/mach-sa1100/Makefile: remove CONFIG_SA1100_USB
[ARM] 5166/1: magician: add MAINTAINERS entry
[ARM] fix pnx4008 build errors
[ARM] Fix SMP booting with non-zero PHYS_OFFSET
[ARM] 5185/1: Fix spi num_chipselect for lubbock
[ARM] Move include/asm-arm/arch-* to arch/arm/*/include/mach
[ARM] Add support for arch/arm/mach-*/include and arch/arm/plat-*/include
[ARM] Remove asm/hardware.h, use asm/arch/hardware.h instead
[ARM] Eliminate useless includes of asm/mach-types.h
[ARM] Fix circular include dependency with IRQ headers
avr32: Use <mach/foo.h> instead of <asm/arch/foo.h>
avr32: Introduce arch/avr32/mach-*/include/mach
avr32: Move include/asm-avr32 to arch/avr32/include/asm
[ARM] sa1100_wdt: use reset_status to remember watchdog reset status
[ARM] pxa: introduce reset_status and clear_reset_status for driver's usage
[ARM] pxa: introduce reset.h for reset specific header information
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: (99 commits)
pkt_sched: Fix actions referencing
bnx2x: fix logical op
tcp: (whitespace only) fix confusing indentation
pkt_sched: Fix qdisc config when link is down.
[Bluetooth] Add full quirk implementation for btusb driver
[Bluetooth] Removal of unnecessary ignore module parameter
[Bluetooth] Add parameters to control BNEP header compression
ath9k: Revamp wireless mode usage
ath9k: More unused macros
ath9k: Remove a few unused macros and fix indentation
ath9k: Use mac80211's band macros and remove enum hal_freq_band
ath9k: Remove redundant data structure ath9k_txq_info
ath9k: Cleanup data structures related to HW capabilities
ath9k: work around gcc ICEs
ath9k: Add new Atheros IEEE 802.11n driver
ath5k: remove Atheros 11n devices from supported list
list.h: add list_cut_position()
list.h: Add list_splice_tail() and list_splice_tail_init()
p54: swap short slot time dcf values
rt2x00: Block all unsupported modes
...
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-2.6:
sparc64: Fix end-of-stack checking in save_stack_trace().
sparc: don't use asm/of_device.h
sparc64: Use kernel/uid16.c helpers instead of own copy.
of/sparc: remove include of linux/of_platform.h from asm/of_platform.h
sparc: i8042-sparcio.h: fix warning
Back when .gitignore file was added to arch/powerpc/ in 06f2138 ([POWERPC]
Add files build to .gitignore, 2006-11-26), there indeed was nothing
tracked in the ignored hierarchy and ignoring everything made sense. But
we have very many tracked files there these days, and having a higher
level .gitignore that ignores everything is asking for future troubles..
This should have been part of b8b572e (powerpc: Move include files to
arch/powerpc/include/asm, 2008-08-01).
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Acked-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch removes the commented out line for the not available
CONFIG_SA1100_USB option.
Reported-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
include/linux/i2c-pnx.h was missed when moving the include files.
Fix it now; it doesn't really need to include mach/i2c.h at all.
Successfully build tested with pnx4008_defconfig, which had
failed in linux-next.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Doing this in combination with "atmel_spi: fix hang due to missed
interrupt" appears to eliminate the overruns I'm seeing when using
JFFS2-on-DataFlash as /usr filesystem on the ATNGW100.
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <haavard.skinnemoen@atmel.com>
Enable power management, DMA and MMC on all boards except ATSTK1004, and
add defconfig for the new ATSTK1006 board with NAND flash, UBI and UBIFS
enabled as well.
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <haavard.skinnemoen@atmel.com>
Introduce a few helper functions for HMATRIX configuration and clean up
the register definitions. Also add definitions for the HMATRIX master
and slave IDs on the AT32AP700x chips.
Also make the definitions in hmatrix.h available to board code by moving
it to <mach/hmatrix.h>
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <haavard.skinnemoen@atmel.com>
Hardcoded MMIO base addresses are used a few places throughout the
platform code. Move these into the chip-specific header file so that
adding support for new chips becomes a bit easier.
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <haavard.skinnemoen@atmel.com>
This file includes the appropriate chip-specific header with MMIO, IRQ
and GPIO definitions used by the platform code. It may also be used to
provide inline GPIO accessors for drivers that are willing to sacrifice
portability for faster bitbanging.
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <haavard.skinnemoen@atmel.com>
Since all users have been converted over to use <mach/foo.h>, there's no
need for the arch-at32ap directory and associated symlink anymore.
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <haavard.skinnemoen@atmel.com>
Bug reported by Alexander Beregalov.
Before we dereference the stack frame or try to peek at the
pt_regs magic value, make sure the entire object is within
the kernel stack bounds.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This driver was declared obsolete over 2 years ago, the alternative
console driver for legacy iSeries (hvc_iseries) was made the default
over 1 year ago and this driver has been build broken for over 3
months, so remove it.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The existing code tries to get the pmd for the temporary page table
by doing:
pgd = pgd_alloc(&init_mm);
pmd = pmd_offset(pgd, PHYS_OFFSET);
Since we have a two level page table, pmd_offset() is a no-op, so
this just has a casting effect from a pgd to a pmd - the address
argument is unused. So this can't work.
Normally, we'd do:
pgd = pgd_offset(&init_mm, PHYS_OFFSET);
...
pmd = pmd_offset(pgd, PHYS_OFFSET);
to get the pmd you want. However, pgd_offset() takes the mm_struct,
not the (unattached) pgd we just allocated. So, instead use:
pgd = pgd_alloc(&init_mm);
pmd = pmd_offset(pgd + pgd_index(PHYS_OFFSET), PHYS_OFFSET);
Reported-by: Antti P Miettinen <ananaza@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Change num_chipselect for lubbock ssp master to reflect requirement
of spi subsystem that all buses have at least 1 chip select.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <jic23@cam.ac.uk>
Acked-by: Eric Miao <eric.miao@marvell.com>
Acked-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Remove includes of asm/hardware.h in addition to asm/arch/hardware.h.
Then, since asm/hardware.h only exists to include asm/arch/hardware.h,
update everything to directly include asm/arch/hardware.h and remove
asm/hardware.h.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
There are 43 includes of asm/mach-types.h by files that don't
reference anything from that file. Remove these unnecessary
includes.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Jan Beulich