Having only one list in struct sem_queue, and only queueing simple
semaphore operations on the list for the semaphore involved, allows us to
introduce finer grained locking for semtimedop.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: Chegu Vinod <chegu_vinod@hp.com>
Cc: Emmanuel Benisty <benisty.e@gmail.com>
Cc: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rename sem_lock() to sem_obtain_lock(), so we can introduce a sem_lock()
later that only locks the sem_array and does nothing else.
Open code the locking from ipc_lock() in sem_obtain_lock() so we can
introduce finer grained locking for the sem_array in the next patch.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: propagate the ipc_obtain_object() errno out of sem_obtain_lock()]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: Chegu Vinod <chegu_vinod@hp.com>
Cc: Emmanuel Benisty <benisty.e@gmail.com>
Cc: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
just have the bugger take unsigned long and deal with SETVAL
case (when we use an int member in the union) explicitly.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
- Store the ipc owner and creator with a kuid
- Store the ipc group and the crators group with a kgid.
- Add error handling to ipc_update_perms, allowing it to
fail if the uids and gids can not be converted to kuids
or kgids.
- Modify the proc files to display the ipc creator and
owner in the user namespace of the opener of the proc file.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
include/linux/sem.h contains several structures that are only used within
ipc/sem.c.
The patch moves them into ipc/sem.c - there is no need to expose the
structures to the whole kernel.
No functional changes, only whitespace cleanups and 80-char per line
fixes.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
semtimedop() does not handle spurious wakeups, it returns -EINTR to user
space. Most other schedule() users would just loop and not return to user
space. The patch adds such a loop to semtimedop()
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sys_semtimedop() may return -EIDRM although the semaphore operation
completed successfully:
thread 1: thread 2:
semtimedop(), sleeps
semop():
* acquires sem_lock()
semtimedop() woken up due to timeout
sem_lock() loops
* notices that thread 2 could be completed.
* performs the operations that thread 2 is sleeping on.
* marks the semaphore operation as IN_WAKEUP
* drops sem_lock(), does wakeup, sets return code to 0
* thread delayed due to interrupt, whatever
* returns to user space
* thread still delayed
semctl(IPC_RMID)
* acquires sem_lock()
* ipc_rmid(), ipcp->deleted=1
* drops sem_lock()
* thread finally continues - but seem_lock()
now fails due to ipcp->deleted == 1
* returns -EIDRM instead of 0
The fix is trivial: Always use the return code in queue.status.
In real world, the race probably doesn't matter:
If the semaphore array is destroyed, the app is probably not interested
if the last operation succeeded or was already cancelled.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If a semaphore array is removed and in parallel a sleeping task is woken
up (signal or timeout, does not matter), then the woken up task does not
wait until wake_up_sem_queue_do() is completed. This will cause crashes,
because wake_up_sem_queue_do() will read from a stale pointer.
The fix is simple: Regardless of anything, always call get_queue_result().
This function waits until wake_up_sem_queue_do() has finished it's task.
Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=27142
Reported-by: Yuriy Yevtukhov <yuriy@ucoz.com>
Reported-by: Harald Laabs <kernel@dasr.de>
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.35+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The rcu callback free_un() just calls a kfree(),
so we use kfree_rcu() instead of the call_rcu(free_un).
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
CAP_IPC_OWNER and CAP_IPC_LOCK can be checked against current_user_ns(),
because the resource comes from current's own ipc namespace.
setuid/setgid are to uids in own namespace, so again checks can be against
current_user_ns().
Changelog:
Jan 11: Use task_ns_capable() in place of sched_capable().
Jan 11: Use nsown_capable() as suggested by Bastian Blank.
Jan 11: Clarify (hopefully) some logic in futex and sched.c
Feb 15: use ns_capable for ipc, not nsown_capable
Feb 23: let copy_ipcs handle setting ipc_ns->user_ns
Feb 23: pass ns down rather than taking it from current
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The semctl syscall has several code paths that lead to the leakage of
uninitialized kernel stack memory (namely the IPC_INFO, SEM_INFO,
IPC_STAT, and SEM_STAT commands) during the use of the older, obsolete
version of the semid_ds struct.
The copy_semid_to_user() function declares a semid_ds struct on the stack
and copies it back to the user without initializing or zeroing the
"sem_base", "sem_pending", "sem_pending_last", and "undo" pointers,
allowing the leakage of 16 bytes of kernel stack memory.
The code is still reachable on 32-bit systems - when calling semctl()
newer glibc's automatically OR the IPC command with the IPC_64 flag, but
invoking the syscall directly allows users to use the older versions of
the struct.
Signed-off-by: Dan Rosenberg <dan.j.rosenberg@gmail.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The last change to improve the scalability moved the actual wake-up out of
the section that is protected by spin_lock(sma->sem_perm.lock).
This means that IN_WAKEUP can be in queue.status even when the spinlock is
acquired by the current task. Thus the same loop that is performed when
queue.status is read without the spinlock acquired must be performed when
the spinlock is acquired.
Thanks to kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com for noticing lack of the memory
barrier.
Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16255
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up kerneldoc, checkpatch warning and whitespace]
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Reported-by: Luca Tettamanti <kronos.it@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Luca Tettamanti <kronos.it@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use ERR_CAST(x) rather than ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x)). The former makes more
clear what is the purpose of the operation, which otherwise looks like a
no-op.
The semantic patch that makes this change is as follows:
(http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/)
// <smpl>
@@
type T;
T x;
identifier f;
@@
T f (...) { <+...
- ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x))
+ x
...+> }
@@
expression x;
@@
- ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x))
+ ERR_CAST(x)
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ipc/sem.c begins with a 15 year old description about bugs in the initial
implementation in Linux-1.0. The patch replaces that with a top level
description of the current code.
A TODO could be derived from this text:
The opengroup man page for semop() does not mandate FIFO. Thus there is
no need for a semaphore array list of pending operations.
If
- this list is removed
- the per-semaphore array spinlock is removed (possible if there is no
list to protect)
- sem_otime is moved into the semaphores and calculated on demand during
semctl()
then the array would be read-mostly - which would significantly improve
scaling for applications that use semaphore arrays with lots of entries.
The price would be expensive semctl() calls:
for(i=0;i<sma->sem_nsems;i++) spin_lock(sma->sem_lock);
<do stuff>
for(i=0;i<sma->sem_nsems;i++) spin_unlock(sma->sem_lock);
I'm not sure if the complexity is worth the effort, thus here is the
documentation of the current behavior first.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The wake-up part of semtimedop() consists out of two steps:
- the right tasks must be identified.
- they must be woken up.
Right now, both steps run while the array spinlock is held. This patch
reorders the code and moves the actual wake_up_process() behind the point
where the spinlock is dropped.
The code also moves setting sem->sem_otime to one place: It does not make
sense to set the last modify time multiple times.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: repair kerneldoc]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix uninitialised retval]
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The following series of patches tries to fix the spinlock contention
reported by Chris Mason - his benchmark exposes problems of the current
code:
- In the worst case, the algorithm used by update_queue() is O(N^2).
Bulk wake-up calls can enter this worst case. The patch series fix
that.
Note that the benchmark app doesn't expose the problem, it just should
be fixed: Real world apps might do the wake-ups in another order than
perfect FIFO.
- The part of the code that runs within the semaphore array spinlock is
significantly larger than necessary.
The patch series fixes that. This change is responsible for the main
improvement.
- The cacheline with the spinlock is also used for a variable that is
read in the hot path (sem_base) and for a variable that is unnecessarily
written to multiple times (sem_otime). The last step of the series
cacheline-aligns the spinlock.
This patch:
The SysV semaphore code allows to perform multiple operations on all
semaphores in the array as atomic operations. After a modification,
update_queue() checks which of the waiting tasks can complete.
The algorithm that is used to identify the tasks is O(N^2) in the worst
case. For some cases, it is simple to avoid the O(N^2).
The patch adds a detection logic for some cases, especially for the case
of an array where all sleeping tasks are single sembuf operations and a
multi-sembuf operation is used to wake up multiple tasks.
A big database application uses that approach.
The patch fixes wakeup due to semctl(,,SETALL,) - the initial version of
the patch breaks that.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make do_smart_update() static]
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This line is unreachable, remove it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded initialisation of `err']
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If multiple simple decrements on the same semaphore are pending, then the
current code scans all decrement operations, even if the semaphore value
is already 0.
The patch optimizes that: if the semaphore value is 0, then there is no
need to scan the q->alter entries.
Note that this is a common case: It happens if 100 decrements by one are
pending and now an increment by one increases the semaphore value from 0
to 1. Without this patch, all 100 entries are scanned. With the patch,
only one entry is scanned, then woken up. Then the new rule triggers and
the scanning is aborted, without looking at the remaining 99 tasks.
With this patch, single sop increment/decrement by 1 are now O(1).
(same as with Nick's patch)
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sysv sem has the concept of semaphore arrays that consist out of multiple
semaphores. Atomic operations that affect multiple semaphores are
supported.
The patch optimizes single semaphore operation calls that affect only one
semaphore: It's not necessary to scan all pending operations, it is
sufficient to scan the per-semaphore list.
The idea is from Nick Piggin version of an ipc sem improvement, the
implementation is different: The code tries to keep as much common code as
possible.
As the result, the patch is simpler, but optimizes fewer cases.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Based on Nick's findings:
sysv sem has the concept of semaphore arrays that consist out of multiple
semaphores. Atomic operations that affect multiple semaphores are
supported.
The patch is the first step for optimizing simple, single semaphore
operations: In addition to the global list of all pending operations, a
2nd, per-semaphore list with the simple operations is added.
Note: this patch does not make sense by itself, the new list is used
nowhere.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reduce the amount of scanning of the list of pending semaphore operations:
If try_atomic_semop failed, then no changes were applied. Thus no need to
restart.
Additionally, this patch correct an incorrect comment: It's possible to
wait for arbitrary semaphore values (do a dec by <x>, wait-for-zero, inc
by <x> in one atomic operation)
Both changes are from Nick Piggin, the patch is the result of a different
split of the individual changes.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The strange sysv semaphore wakeup scheme has a kind of busy-wait lock
involved, which could deadlock if preemption is enabled during the "lock".
It is an implementation detail (due to a spinlock being held) that this is
actually the case. However if "spinlocks" are made preemptible, or if the
sem lock is changed to a sleeping lock for example, then the wakeup would
become buggy. So this might be a bugfix for -rt kernels.
Imagine waker being preempted by wakee and never clearing IN_WAKEUP -- if
wakee has higher RT priority then there is a priority inversion deadlock.
Even if there is not a priority inversion to cause a deadlock, then there
is still time wasted spinning.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace the handcoded list operations in update_queue() with the standard
list_for_each_entry macros.
list_for_each_entry_safe() must be used, because list entries can
disappear immediately uppon the wakeup event.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Around a month ago, there was some discussion about an improvement of the
sysv sem algorithm: Most (at least: some important) users only use simple
semaphore operations, therefore it's worthwile to optimize this use case.
This patch:
Move last looked up sem_undo struct to the head of the task's undo list.
Attempt to move common entries to the front of the list so search time is
reduced. This reduces lookup_undo on oprofile of problematic SAP workload
by 30% (see patch 4 for a description of SAP workload).
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have apparently had a memory leak since
7ca7e564e0 "ipc: store ipcs into IDRs" in
2007. The idr of which 3 exist for each ipc namespace is never freed.
This patch simply frees them when the ipcns is freed. I don't believe any
idr_remove() are done from rcu (and could therefore be delayed until after
this idr_destroy()), so the patch should be safe. Some quick testing
showed no harm, and the memory leak fixed.
Caught by kmemleak.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
System calls with an unsigned long long argument can't be converted with
the standard wrappers since that would include a cast to long, which in
turn means that we would lose the upper 32 bit on 32 bit architectures.
Also semctl can't use the standard wrapper since it has a 'union'
parameter.
So we handle them as special case and add some extra wrappers instead.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
The attached patch:
- reverses the locking order of ulp->lock and sem_lock:
Previously, it was first ulp->lock, then inside sem_lock.
Now it's the other way around.
- converts the undo structure to rcu.
Benefits:
- With the old locking order, IPC_RMID could not kfree the undo structures.
The stale entries remained in the linked lists and were released later.
- The patch fixes a a race in semtimedop(): if both IPC_RMID and a semget() that
recreates exactly the same id happen between find_alloc_undo() and sem_lock,
then semtimedop() would access already kfree'd memory.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Reviewed-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sys_unshare(CLONE_NEWIPC) doesn't handle the undo lists properly, this can
cause a kernel memory corruption. CLONE_NEWIPC must detach from the existing
undo lists.
Fix, part 1: add support for sys_unshare(CLONE_SYSVSEM)
The original reason to not support it was the potential (inevitable?)
confusion due to the fact that sys_unshare(CLONE_SYSVSEM) has the
inverse meaning of clone(CLONE_SYSVSEM).
Our two most reasonable options then appear to be (1) fully support
CLONE_SYSVSEM, or (2) continue to refuse explicit CLONE_SYSVSEM,
but always do it anyway on unshare(CLONE_SYSVSEM). This patch does
(1).
Changelog:
Apr 16: SEH: switch to Manfred's alternative patch which
removes the unshare_semundo() function which
always refused CLONE_SYSVSEM.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@googlemail.com>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
semctl_down(), msgctl_down() and shmctl_down() are used to handle the same set
of commands for each kind of IPC. They all start to do the same job (they
retrieve the ipc and do some permission checks) before handling the commands
on their own.
This patch proposes to consolidate this by moving these same pieces of code
into one common function called ipcctl_pre_down().
It simplifies a little these xxxctl_down() functions and increases a little
the maintainability.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The IPC_SET command performs the same permission setting for all IPCs. This
patch introduces a common ipc_update_perm() function to update these
permissions and makes use of it for all IPCs.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All IPCs make use of an intermetiate *_setbuf structure to handle the IPC_SET
command. This is not really needed and, moreover, it complicates a little bit
the code.
This patch gets rid of the use of it and uses directly the semid64_ds/
msgid64_ds/shmid64_ds structure.
In addition of removing one struture declaration, it also simplifies and
improves a little bit the common 64-bits path.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
semctl_down() takes one unused parameter: semnum. This patch proposes to get
rid of it.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
semctl_down is called with the rwmutex (the one which protects the list of
ipcs) taken in write mode.
This patch moves this rwmutex taken in write-mode inside semctl_down.
This has the advantages of reducing a little bit the window during which this
rwmutex is taken, clarifying sys_semctl, and finally of having a coherent
behaviour with [shm|msg]ctl_down
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Trivial patch which adds some small locking functions and makes use of them to
factorize some part of the code and to make it cleaner.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
By continuing to consolidate a little the IPC code, each id can be built
directly in ipc_addid() instead of having it built from each callers of
ipc_addid()
And I also remove shm_addid() in order to have, as much as possible, the
same code for shm/sem/msg.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sem_exit_ns(), msg_exit_ns() and shm_exit_ns() are all called when an
ipc_namespace is released to free all ipcs of each type. But in fact, they
do the same thing: they loop around all ipcs to free them individually by
calling a specific routine.
This patch proposes to consolidate this by introducing a common function,
free_ipcs(), that do the job. The specific routine to call on each
individual ipcs is passed as parameter. For this, these ipc-specific
'free' routines are reworked to take a generic 'struct ipc_perm' as
parameter.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Each ipc_namespace contains a table of 3 pointers to struct ipc_ids (3 for
msg, sem and shm, structure used to store all ipcs) These 'struct ipc_ids'
are dynamically allocated for each icp_namespace as the ipc_namespace
itself (for the init namespace, they are initialized with pointers to
static variables instead)
It is so for historical reason: in fact, before the use of idr to store the
ipcs, the ipcs were stored in tables of variable length, depending of the
maximum number of ipc allowed. Now, these 'struct ipc_ids' have a fixed
size. As they are allocated in any cases for each new ipc_namespace, there
is no gain of memory in having them allocated separately of the struct
ipc_namespace.
This patch proposes to make this table static in the struct ipc_namespace.
Thus, we can allocate all in once and get rid of all the code needed to
allocate and free these ipc_ids separately.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Acked-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
These commands (SEM_STAT and IPC_STAT) are rather doing the same things
(only the meaning of the id given as input and the return value differ).
However, for the semaphores, they are handled in two different places (two
different functions).
This patch consolidates this for clarification by handling these both
commands in the same place in semctl_nolock(). It also removes one unused
parameter for this function.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the IPC namespace management code is spread over the ipc/*.c files.
I moved this code into ipc/namespace.c file which is compiled out when needed.
The linux/ipc_namespace.h file is used to store the prototypes of the
functions in namespace.c and the stubs for NAMESPACES=n case. This is done
so, because the stub for copy_ipc_namespace requires the knowledge of the
CLONE_NEWIPC flag, which is in sched.h. But the linux/ipc.h file itself in
included into many many .c files via the sys.h->sem.h sequence so adding the
sched.h into it will make all these .c depend on sched.h which is not that
good. On the other hand the knowledge about the namespaces stuff is required
in 4 .c files only.
Besides, this patch compiles out some auxiliary functions from ipc/sem.c,
msg.c and shm.c files. It turned out that moving these functions into
namespaces.c is not that easy because they use many other calls and macros
from the original file. Moving them would make this patch complicated. On
the other hand all these functions can be consolidated, so I will send a
separate patch doing this a bit later.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the new implementation of the [sem|shm|msg]_lock[_check]() routines, we
use the return value of ipc_lock() in container_of() without any check.
But ipc_lock may return a errcode. The use of this errcode in
container_of() may alter this errcode, and we don't want this.
And in xxx_exit_ns, the pointer return by idr_find is of type 'struct
kern_ipc_per'...
Today, the code will work as is because the member used in these
container_of() is the first member of its container (offset == 0), the
errcode isn't changed then. But in the general case, we can't count on
this assumption and this may lead later to a real bug if we don't correct
this.
Again, the proposed solution is simple and correct. But, as pointed by
Nadia, with this solution, the same check will be done several times (in
all sub-callers...), what is not very funny/optimal...
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With the use of idr to store the ipc, the case where the idr cache is
empty, when idr_get_new is called (this may happen even if we call
idr_pre_get() before), is not well handled: it lets
semget()/shmget()/msgget() return ENOSPC when this cache is empty, what 1.
does not reflect the facts and 2. does not conform to the man(s).
This patch fixes this by retrying the whole process of allocation in this case.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some comments about sem_undo_list seem wrong.
About the comment above unlock_semundo:
"... If task2 now exits before task1 releases the lock (by calling
unlock_semundo()), then task1 will never call spin_unlock(). ..."
This is just wrong, I see no reason for which task1 will not call
spin_unlock... The rest of this comment is also wrong... Unless I
miss something (of course).
Finally, (un)lock_semundo functions are useless, so remove them
for simplification. (this avoids an useless if statement)
Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is a patch that fixes the way idr_find() used to be called in ipc_lock():
in all the paths that don't imply an update of the ipcs idr, it was called
without the idr tree being locked.
The changes are:
. in ipc_ids, the mutex has been changed into a reader/writer semaphore.
. ipc_lock() now takes the mutex as a reader during the idr_find().
. a new routine ipc_lock_down() has been defined: it doesn't take the
mutex, assuming that it is being held by the caller. This is the routine
that is now called in all the update paths.
Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Acked-by: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@o2.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch fixes the wrong / obsolete comments in the ipc code. Also adds
a missing lock around ipc_get_maxid() in shm_get_stat().
Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch converts casts of struct kern_ipc_perm to
. struct msg_queue
. struct sem_array
. struct shmid_kernel
into the equivalent container_of() macro. It improves code maintenance
because the code need not change if kern_ipc_perm is no longer at the
beginning of the containing struct.
Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch introduces a new ipc_lock_check() routine interface:
. each time ipc_checkid() is called, this is done after calling ipc_lock().
ipc_checkid() is now called from inside ipc_lock_check().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix RCU locking]
Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch introduces a change into the sys_msgget(), sys_semget() and
sys_shmget() routines: they now share a common code, which is better for
maintainability.
Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch introduces ipcs storage into IDRs. The main changes are:
. This ipc_ids structure is changed: the entries array is changed into a
root idr structure.
. The grow_ary() routine is removed: it is not needed anymore when adding
an ipc structure, since we are now using the IDR facility.
. The ipc_rmid() routine interface is changed:
. there is no need for this routine to return the pointer passed in as
argument: it is now declared as a void
. since the id is now part of the kern_ipc_perm structure, no need to
have it as an argument to the routine
Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is the largest patch in the set. Make all (I hope) the places where
the pid is shown to or get from user operate on the virtual pids.
The idea is:
- all in-kernel data structures must store either struct pid itself
or the pid's global nr, obtained with pid_nr() call;
- when seeking the task from kernel code with the stored id one
should use find_task_by_pid() call that works with global pids;
- when showing pid's numerical value to the user the virtual one
should be used, but however when one shows task's pid outside this
task's namespace the global one is to be used;
- when getting the pid from userspace one need to consider this as
the virtual one and use appropriate task/pid-searching functions.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: yet nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded casts]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mark variables with uninitialized_var() if such a warning appears,
and analysis proves that the var is initialized properly on all paths
it is used.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
CONFIG_UTS_NS and CONFIG_IPC_NS have very little value as they only
deactivate the unshare of the uts and ipc namespaces and do not improve
performance.
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Acked-by: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove includes of <linux/smp_lock.h> where it is not used/needed.
Suggested by Al Viro.
Builds cleanly on x86_64, i386, alpha, ia64, powerpc, sparc,
sparc64, and arm (all 59 defconfigs).
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix two issuses related to ipc_ids->entries freeing.
1. When freeing ipc namespace we need to free entries allocated
with ipc_init_ids().
2. When removing old entries in grow_ary() ipc_rcu_putref()
may be called on entries set to &ids->nullentry earlier in
ipc_init_ids().
This is almost impossible without namespaces, but with
them this situation becomes possible.
Found during OpenVZ testing after obvious leaks in beancounters.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Simplify get_undo_list() by dropping the unnecessary cast, removing the
size variable, and switching to kzalloc() instead of a kmalloc() followed
by a memset().
This cleanup was split then modified from Jes Sorenson's Task Notifiers
patches.
Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
IPC namespace support for IPC sem code.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianiov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The following patch addresses most of the issues with the IPC_SET_PERM
records as described in:
https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2006-May/msg00010.html
and addresses the comments I received on the record field names.
To summarize, I made the following changes:
1. Changed sys_msgctl() and semctl_down() so that an IPC_SET_PERM
record is emitted in the failure case as well as the success case.
This matches the behavior in sys_shmctl(). I could simplify the
code in sys_msgctl() and semctl_down() slightly but it would mean
that in some error cases we could get an IPC_SET_PERM record
without an IPC record and that seemed odd.
2. No change to the IPC record type, given no feedback on the backward
compatibility question.
3. Removed the qbytes field from the IPC record. It wasn't being
set and when audit_ipc_obj() is called from ipcperms(), the
information isn't available. If we want the information in the IPC
record, more extensive changes will be necessary. Since it only
applies to message queues and it isn't really permission related, it
doesn't seem worth it.
4. Removed the obj field from the IPC_SET_PERM record. This means that
the kern_ipc_perm argument is no longer needed.
5. Removed the spaces and renamed the IPC_SET_PERM field names. Replaced iuid and
igid fields with ouid and ogid in the IPC record.
I tested this with the lspp.22 kernel on an x86_64 box. I believe it
applies cleanly on the latest kernel.
-- ljk
Signed-off-by: Linda Knippers <linda.knippers@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
1) The audit_ipc_perms() function has been split into two different
functions:
- audit_ipc_obj()
- audit_ipc_set_perm()
There's a key shift here... The audit_ipc_obj() collects the uid, gid,
mode, and SElinux context label of the current ipc object. This
audit_ipc_obj() hook is now found in several places. Most notably, it
is hooked in ipcperms(), which is called in various places around the
ipc code permforming a MAC check. Additionally there are several places
where *checkid() is used to validate that an operation is being
performed on a valid object while not necessarily having a nearby
ipcperms() call. In these locations, audit_ipc_obj() is called to
ensure that the information is captured by the audit system.
The audit_set_new_perm() function is called any time the permissions on
the ipc object changes. In this case, the NEW permissions are recorded
(and note that an audit_ipc_obj() call exists just a few lines before
each instance).
2) Support for an AUDIT_IPC_SET_PERM audit message type. This allows
for separate auxiliary audit records for normal operations on an IPC
object and permissions changes. Note that the same struct
audit_aux_data_ipcctl is used and populated, however there are separate
audit_log_format statements based on the type of the message. Finally,
the AUDIT_IPC block of code in audit_free_aux() was extended to handle
aux messages of this new type. No more mem leaks I hope ;-)
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial:
drivers/char/ftape/lowlevel/fdc-io.c: Correct a comment
Kconfig help: MTD_JEDECPROBE already supports Intel
Remove ugly debugging stuff
do_mounts.c: Minor ROOT_DEV comment cleanup
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in mm/mempool.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in mm/memory.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in kernel/fork.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in ipc/sem.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/ext2/
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/hfs/
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/dcache.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in fs/buffer.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in input/serio/hp_sdc_mlc.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in md/dm-table.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in md/dm-path-selector.c
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/isdn
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/char
BUG_ON() Conversion in drivers/mtd/
Semaphore to mutex conversion.
The conversion was generated via scripts, and the result was validated
automatically via a script as well.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
this changes if() BUG(); constructs to BUG_ON() which is
cleaner, contains unlikely() and can better optimized away.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
This patch extends existing audit records with subject/object context
information. Audit records associated with filesystem inodes, ipc, and
tasks now contain SELinux label information in the field "subj" if the
item is performing the action, or in "obj" if the item is the receiver
of an action.
These labels are collected via hooks in SELinux and appended to the
appropriate record in the audit code.
This additional information is required for Common Criteria Labeled
Security Protection Profile (LSPP).
[AV: fixed kmalloc flags use]
[folded leak fixes]
[folded cleanup from akpm (kfree(NULL)]
[folded audit_inode_context() leak fix]
[folded akpm's fix for audit_ipc_perm() definition in case of !CONFIG_AUDIT]
Signed-off-by: Dustin Kirkland <dustin.kirkland@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
I tried to send the forcedeth maintainer an email, but it came back with:
"The mail address manfreds@colorfullife.com is not read anymore.
Please resent your mail to manfred@ instead of manfreds@."
This patch fixes this.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
- Move capable() from sched.h to capability.h;
- Use <linux/capability.h> where capable() is used
(in include/, block/, ipc/, kernel/, a few drivers/,
mm/, security/, & sound/;
many more drivers/ to go)
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Two smp_wmb() statements are missing in the sysv sem code: This could
cause stack corruptions.
The attached patch adds them.
Signed-Off-By: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Change the /proc/sysvipc/shm|sem|msg files to use the generic seq_file
implementation for struct ipc_ids.
Signed-off-by: Mike Waychison <mikew@google.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
semundo->lock can leak if semundo->refcount goes from 2 to 1 while
another thread has it locked. This causes major problems for PREEMPT
kernels.
The simplest fix for now is to undo the single-thread optimization.
This bug was found via relentless testing by Dominik Karall.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Patrick noticed that the initial scan of the semaphore operations logs
decrease and increase operations seperately, but then both cases are or'ed
together and decrease is never used. The attached patch removes the
decrease parameter - it shrinks sys_semtimedop() by 56 bytes.
Signed-Of-By: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Rik van Riel