bs.bh was taken in previous ext4_xattr_block_find() call,
it should be released before re-using
Fixes: 7e01c8e542 ("ext3/4: fix uninitialized bs in ...")
Signed-off-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 2.6.26
Fixes: bfe0a5f47a ("ext4: add more mount time checks of the superblock")
Reported-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 4.18
ext4_mark_iloc_dirty() callers expect that it releases iloc->bh
even if it returns an error.
Fixes: 0db1ff222d ("ext4: add shutdown bit and check for it")
Signed-off-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 4.11
Fixes: 33afdcc540 ("ext4: add a function which sets up group blocks ...")
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 3.3
Signed-off-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Currently bh is set to NULL only during first iteration of for cycle,
then this pointer is not cleared after end of using.
Therefore rollback after errors can lead to extra brelse(bh) call,
decrements bh counter and later trigger an unexpected warning in __brelse()
Patch moves brelse() calls in body of cycle to exclude requirement of
brelse() call in rollback.
Fixes: 33afdcc540 ("ext4: add a function which sets up group blocks ...")
Signed-off-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 3.3+
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Merge tag 'for-linus-20181102' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block layer fixes from Jens Axboe:
"The biggest part of this pull request is the revert of the blkcg
cleanup series. It had one fix earlier for a stacked device issue, but
another one was reported. Rather than play whack-a-mole with this,
revert the entire series and try again for the next kernel release.
Apart from that, only small fixes/changes.
Summary:
- Indentation fixup for mtip32xx (Colin Ian King)
- The blkcg cleanup series revert (Dennis Zhou)
- Two NVMe fixes. One fixing a regression in the nvme request
initialization in this merge window, causing nvme-fc to not work.
The other is a suspend/resume p2p resource issue (James, Keith)
- Fix sg discard merge, allowing us to merge in cases where we didn't
before (Jianchao Wang)
- Call rq_qos_exit() after the queue is frozen, preventing a hang
(Ming)
- Fix brd queue setup, fixing an oops if we fail setting up all
devices (Ming)"
* tag 'for-linus-20181102' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
nvme-pci: fix conflicting p2p resource adds
nvme-fc: fix request private initialization
blkcg: revert blkcg cleanups series
block: brd: associate with queue until adding disk
block: call rq_qos_exit() after queue is frozen
mtip32xx: clean an indentation issue, remove extraneous tabs
block: fix the DISCARD request merge
Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro:
"No common topic, really - a handful of assorted stuff; the least
trivial bits are Mark's dedupe patches"
* 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
fs/exofs: only use true/false for asignment of bool type variable
fs/exofs: fix potential memory leak in mount option parsing
Delete invalid assignment statements in do_sendfile
iomap: remove duplicated include from iomap.c
vfs: dedupe should return EPERM if permission is not granted
vfs: allow dedupe of user owned read-only files
ntfs: don't open-code ERR_CAST
ext4: don't open-code ERR_CAST
This is an effort to disentangle the include/linux/compiler*.h headers
and bring them up to date.
The main idea behind the series is to use feature checking macros
(i.e. __has_attribute) instead of compiler version checks (e.g. GCC_VERSION),
which are compiler-agnostic (so they can be shared, reducing the size
of compiler-specific headers) and version-agnostic.
Other related improvements have been performed in the headers as well,
which on top of the use of __has_attribute it has amounted to a significant
simplification of these headers (e.g. GCC_VERSION is now only guarding
a few non-attribute macros).
This series should also help the efforts to support compiling the kernel
with clang and icc. A fair amount of documentation and comments have also
been added, clarified or removed; and the headers are now more readable,
which should help kernel developers in general.
The series was triggered due to the move to gcc >= 4.6. In turn, this series
has also triggered Sparse to gain the ability to recognize __has_attribute
on its own.
Finally, the __nonstring variable attribute series has been also applied
on top; plus two related patches from Nick Desaulniers for unreachable()
that came a bit afterwards.
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Merge tag 'compiler-attributes-for-linus-4.20-rc1' of https://github.com/ojeda/linux
Pull compiler attribute updates from Miguel Ojeda:
"This is an effort to disentangle the include/linux/compiler*.h headers
and bring them up to date.
The main idea behind the series is to use feature checking macros
(i.e. __has_attribute) instead of compiler version checks (e.g.
GCC_VERSION), which are compiler-agnostic (so they can be shared,
reducing the size of compiler-specific headers) and version-agnostic.
Other related improvements have been performed in the headers as well,
which on top of the use of __has_attribute it has amounted to a
significant simplification of these headers (e.g. GCC_VERSION is now
only guarding a few non-attribute macros).
This series should also help the efforts to support compiling the
kernel with clang and icc. A fair amount of documentation and comments
have also been added, clarified or removed; and the headers are now
more readable, which should help kernel developers in general.
The series was triggered due to the move to gcc >= 4.6. In turn, this
series has also triggered Sparse to gain the ability to recognize
__has_attribute on its own.
Finally, the __nonstring variable attribute series has been also
applied on top; plus two related patches from Nick Desaulniers for
unreachable() that came a bit afterwards"
* tag 'compiler-attributes-for-linus-4.20-rc1' of https://github.com/ojeda/linux:
compiler-gcc: remove comment about gcc 4.5 from unreachable()
compiler.h: update definition of unreachable()
Compiler Attributes: ext4: remove local __nonstring definition
Compiler Attributes: auxdisplay: panel: use __nonstring
Compiler Attributes: enable -Wstringop-truncation on W=1 (gcc >= 8)
Compiler Attributes: add support for __nonstring (gcc >= 8)
Compiler Attributes: add MAINTAINERS entry
Compiler Attributes: add Doc/process/programming-language.rst
Compiler Attributes: remove uses of __attribute__ from compiler.h
Compiler Attributes: KENTRY used twice the "used" attribute
Compiler Attributes: use feature checks instead of version checks
Compiler Attributes: add missing SPDX ID in compiler_types.h
Compiler Attributes: remove unneeded sparse (__CHECKER__) tests
Compiler Attributes: homogenize __must_be_array
Compiler Attributes: remove unneeded tests
Compiler Attributes: always use the extra-underscores syntax
Compiler Attributes: remove unused attributes
Pull XArray conversion from Matthew Wilcox:
"The XArray provides an improved interface to the radix tree data
structure, providing locking as part of the API, specifying GFP flags
at allocation time, eliminating preloading, less re-walking the tree,
more efficient iterations and not exposing RCU-protected pointers to
its users.
This patch set
1. Introduces the XArray implementation
2. Converts the pagecache to use it
3. Converts memremap to use it
The page cache is the most complex and important user of the radix
tree, so converting it was most important. Converting the memremap
code removes the only other user of the multiorder code, which allows
us to remove the radix tree code that supported it.
I have 40+ followup patches to convert many other users of the radix
tree over to the XArray, but I'd like to get this part in first. The
other conversions haven't been in linux-next and aren't suitable for
applying yet, but you can see them in the xarray-conv branch if you're
interested"
* 'xarray' of git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/linux-dax: (90 commits)
radix tree: Remove multiorder support
radix tree test: Convert multiorder tests to XArray
radix tree tests: Convert item_delete_rcu to XArray
radix tree tests: Convert item_kill_tree to XArray
radix tree tests: Move item_insert_order
radix tree test suite: Remove multiorder benchmarking
radix tree test suite: Remove __item_insert
memremap: Convert to XArray
xarray: Add range store functionality
xarray: Move multiorder_check to in-kernel tests
xarray: Move multiorder_shrink to kernel tests
xarray: Move multiorder account test in-kernel
radix tree test suite: Convert iteration test to XArray
radix tree test suite: Convert tag_tagged_items to XArray
radix tree: Remove radix_tree_clear_tags
radix tree: Remove radix_tree_maybe_preload_order
radix tree: Remove split/join code
radix tree: Remove radix_tree_update_node_t
page cache: Finish XArray conversion
dax: Convert page fault handlers to XArray
...
allocation for bigalloc file systems; fix up some syzbot-detected
races in EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT, EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT, and ext4_remount; and
a few other miscellaneous bugs and optimizations.
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
- further restructure ext4 documentation
- fix up ext4's delayed allocation for bigalloc file systems
- fix up some syzbot-detected races in EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT,
EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT, and ext4_remount
- ... and a few other miscellaneous bugs and optimizations.
* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (21 commits)
ext4: fix use-after-free race in ext4_remount()'s error path
ext4: cache NULL when both default_acl and acl are NULL
docs: promote the ext4 data structures book to top level
docs: move ext4 administrative docs to admin-guide/
jbd2: fix use after free in jbd2_log_do_checkpoint()
ext4: propagate error from dquot_initialize() in EXT4_IOC_FSSETXATTR
ext4: fix setattr project check in fssetxattr ioctl
docs: make ext4 readme tables readable
docs: fix ext4 documentation table formatting problems
docs: generate a separate ext4 pdf file from the documentation
ext4: convert fault handler to use vm_fault_t type
ext4: initialize retries variable in ext4_da_write_inline_data_begin()
ext4: fix EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT
ext4: fix build error when DX_DEBUG is defined
ext4: fix argument checking in EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT
ext4: fix reserved cluster accounting at page invalidation time
ext4: adjust reserved cluster count when removing extents
ext4: reduce reserved cluster count by number of allocated clusters
ext4: fix reserved cluster accounting at delayed write time
ext4: add new pending reservation mechanism
...
It's possible for ext4_show_quota_options() to try reading
s_qf_names[i] while it is being modified by ext4_remount() --- most
notably, in ext4_remount's error path when the original values of the
quota file name gets restored.
Reported-by: syzbot+a2872d6feea6918008a9@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 3.2+
default_acl and acl of newly created inode will be initiated as
ACL_NOT_CACHED in vfs function inode_init_always() and later will be
updated by calling xxx_init_acl() in specific filesystems. However,
when default_acl and acl are NULL then they keep the value of
ACL_NOT_CACHED. This patch changes the code to cache NULL for acl /
default_acl in this case to save unnecessary ACL lookup attempt.
Signed-off-by: Chengguang Xu <cgxu519@gmx.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
We return most failure of dquota_initialize() except
inode evict, this could make a bit sense, for example
we allow file removal even quota files are broken?
But it dosen't make sense to allow setting project
if quota files etc are broken.
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Currently, project quota could be changed by fssetxattr
ioctl, and existed permission check inode_owner_or_capable()
is obviously not enough, just think that common users could
change project id of file, that could make users to
break project quota easily.
This patch try to follow same regular of xfs project
quota:
"Project Quota ID state is only allowed to change from
within the init namespace. Enforce that restriction only
if we are trying to change the quota ID state.
Everything else is allowed in user namespaces."
Besides that, check and set project id'state should
be an atomic operation, protect whole operation with
inode lock, ext4_ioctl_setproject() is only used for
ioctl EXT4_IOC_FSSETXATTR, we have held mnt_want_write_file()
before ext4_ioctl_setflags(), and ext4_ioctl_setproject()
is called after ext4_ioctl_setflags(), we could share
codes, so remove it inside ext4_ioctl_setproject().
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Return type of ext4_page_mkwrite and ext4_filemap_fault are
changed to use vm_fault_t type.
With this patch all the callers of block_page_mkwrite_return()
are changed to handle vm_fault_t. So converting the return type
of block_page_mkwrite_return() to vm_fault_t.
Signed-off-by: Souptick Joarder <jrdr.linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Variable retries is not initialized in ext4_da_write_inline_data_begin()
which can lead to nondeterministic number of retries in case we hit
ENOSPC. Initialize retries to zero as we do everywhere else.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Fixes: bc0ca9df3b ("ext4: retry allocation when inline->extent conversion failed")
Cc: stable@kernel.org
The code EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT ioctl hasn't been updated in a while, and
it's a bit broken with respect to more modern ext4 kernels, especially
metadata checksums.
Other problems fixed with this commit:
* Don't allow installing a DAX, swap file, or an encrypted file as a
boot loader.
* Respect the immutable and append-only flags.
* Wait until any DIO operations are finished *before* calling
truncate_inode_pages().
* Don't swap inode->i_flags, since these flags have nothing to do with
the inode blocks --- and it will give the IMA/audit code heartburn
when the inode is evicted.
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Reported-by: syzbot+e81ccd4744c6c4f71354@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Enabling DX_DEBUG triggers the build error below. info is an attribute
of the dxroot structure.
linux/fs/ext4/namei.c:2264:12: error: ‘info’
undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘insl’?
info->indirect_levels));
Fixes: e08ac99fa2 ("ext4: add largedir feature")
Signed-off-by: Gabriel Krisman Bertazi <krisman@collabora.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
If the starting block number of either the source or destination file
exceeds the EOF, EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT should return EINVAL.
Also fixed the helper function mext_check_coverage() so that if the
logical block is beyond EOF, make it return immediately, instead of
looping until the block number wraps all the away around. This takes
long enough that if there are multiple threads trying to do pound on
an the same inode doing non-sensical things, it can end up triggering
the kernel's soft lockup detector.
Reported-by: syzbot+c61979f6f2cba5cb3c06@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Add new code to count canceled pending cluster reservations on bigalloc
file systems and to reduce the cluster reservation count on all file
systems using delayed allocation. This replaces old code in
ext4_da_page_release_reservations that was incorrect.
Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Modify ext4_ext_remove_space() and the code it calls to correct the
reserved cluster count for pending reservations (delayed allocated
clusters shared with allocated blocks) when a block range is removed
from the extent tree. Pending reservations may be found for the clusters
at the ends of written or unwritten extents when a block range is removed.
If a physical cluster at the end of an extent is freed, it's necessary
to increment the reserved cluster count to maintain correct accounting
if the corresponding logical cluster is shared with at least one
delayed and unwritten extent as found in the extents status tree.
Add a new function, ext4_rereserve_cluster(), to reapply a reservation
on a delayed allocated cluster sharing blocks with a freed allocated
cluster. To avoid ENOSPC on reservation, a flag is applied to
ext4_free_blocks() to briefly defer updating the freeclusters counter
when an allocated cluster is freed. This prevents another thread
from allocating the freed block before the reservation can be reapplied.
Redefine the partial cluster object as a struct to carry more state
information and to clarify the code using it.
Adjust the conditional code structure in ext4_ext_remove_space to
reduce the indentation level in the main body of the code to improve
readability.
Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Ext4 does not always reduce the reserved cluster count by the number
of clusters allocated when mapping a delayed extent. It sometimes
adds back one or more clusters after allocation if delalloc blocks
adjacent to the range allocated by ext4_ext_map_blocks() share the
clusters newly allocated for that range. However, this overcounts
the number of clusters needed to satisfy future mapping requests
(holding one or more reservations for clusters that have already been
allocated) and premature ENOSPC and quota failures, etc., result.
Ext4 also does not reduce the reserved cluster count when allocating
clusters for non-delayed allocated writes that have previously been
reserved for delayed writes. This also results in overcounts.
To make it possible to handle reserved cluster accounting for
fallocated regions in the same manner as used for other non-delayed
writes, do the reserved cluster accounting for them at the time of
allocation. In the current code, this is only done later when a
delayed extent sharing the fallocated region is finally mapped.
Address comment correcting handling of unsigned long long constant
from Jan Kara's review of RFC version of this patch.
Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
The code in ext4_da_map_blocks sometimes reserves space for more
delayed allocated clusters than it should, resulting in premature
ENOSPC, exceeded quota, and inaccurate free space reporting.
Fix this by checking for written and unwritten blocks shared in the
same cluster with the newly delayed allocated block. A cluster
reservation should not be made for a cluster for which physical space
has already been allocated.
Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Add new pending reservation mechanism to help manage reserved cluster
accounting. Its primary function is to avoid the need to read extents
from the disk when invalidating pages as a result of a truncate, punch
hole, or collapse range operation.
Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Ext4 contains a few functions that are used to search for delayed
extents or blocks in the extents status tree. Rather than duplicate
code to add new functions to search for extents with different status
values, such as written or a combination of delayed and unwritten,
generalize the existing code to search for caller-specified extents
status values. Also, move this code into extents_status.c where it
is better associated with the data structures it operates upon, and
where it can be more readily used to implement new extents status tree
functions that might want a broader scope for i_es_lock.
Three missing static specifiers in RFC version of patch reported and
fixed by Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>.
Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
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Merge tag 'v4.19-rc6' into for-4.20/block
Merge -rc6 in, for two reasons:
1) Resolve a trivial conflict in the blk-mq-tag.c documentation
2) A few important regression fixes went into upstream directly, so
they aren't in the 4.20 branch.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
* tag 'v4.19-rc6': (780 commits)
Linux 4.19-rc6
MAINTAINERS: fix reference to moved drivers/{misc => auxdisplay}/panel.c
cpufreq: qcom-kryo: Fix section annotations
perf/core: Add sanity check to deal with pinned event failure
xen/blkfront: correct purging of persistent grants
Revert "xen/blkfront: When purging persistent grants, keep them in the buffer"
selftests/powerpc: Fix Makefiles for headers_install change
blk-mq: I/O and timer unplugs are inverted in blktrace
dax: Fix deadlock in dax_lock_mapping_entry()
x86/boot: Fix kexec booting failure in the SEV bit detection code
bcache: add separate workqueue for journal_write to avoid deadlock
drm/amd/display: Fix Edid emulation for linux
drm/amd/display: Fix Vega10 lightup on S3 resume
drm/amdgpu: Fix vce work queue was not cancelled when suspend
Revert "drm/panel: Add device_link from panel device to DRM device"
xen/blkfront: When purging persistent grants, keep them in the buffer
clocksource/drivers/timer-atmel-pit: Properly handle error cases
block: fix deadline elevator drain for zoned block devices
ACPI / hotplug / PCI: Don't scan for non-hotplug bridges if slot is not bridge
drm/syncobj: Don't leak fences when WAIT_FOR_SUBMIT is set
...
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Commit 072ebb3bff ("ext4: add nonstring annotations to ext4.h")
introduced a local definition of __nonstring to suppress some false
positives in gcc 8's -Wstringop-truncation.
Since now we support __nonstring for everyone, remove it.
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> # on top of v4.19-rc5, clang 7
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Luc Van Oostenryck <luc.vanoostenryck@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
One of the goals of this series is to remove a separate reference to
the css of the bio. This can and should be accessed via bio_blkcg. In
this patch, the wbc_init_bio call is changed such that it must be called
after a queue has been associated with the bio.
Signed-off-by: Dennis Zhou <dennisszhou@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
maliciously crafted file systems, and some DAX fixes.
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Ted writes:
Various ext4 bug fixes; primarily making ext4 more robust against
maliciously crafted file systems, and some DAX fixes.
* tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
ext4, dax: set ext4_dax_aops for dax files
ext4, dax: add ext4_bmap to ext4_dax_aops
ext4: don't mark mmp buffer head dirty
ext4: show test_dummy_encryption mount option in /proc/mounts
ext4: close race between direct IO and ext4_break_layouts()
ext4: fix online resizing for bigalloc file systems with a 1k block size
ext4: fix online resize's handling of a too-small final block group
ext4: recalucate superblock checksum after updating free blocks/inodes
ext4: avoid arithemetic overflow that can trigger a BUG
ext4: avoid divide by zero fault when deleting corrupted inline directories
ext4: check to make sure the rename(2)'s destination is not freed
ext4: add nonstring annotations to ext4.h
Sync syscall to DAX file needs to flush processor cache, but it
currently does not flush to existing DAX files. This is because
'ext4_da_aops' is set to address_space_operations of existing DAX
files, instead of 'ext4_dax_aops', since S_DAX flag is set after
ext4_set_aops() in the open path.
New file
--------
lookup_open
ext4_create
__ext4_new_inode
ext4_set_inode_flags // Set S_DAX flag
ext4_set_aops // Set aops to ext4_dax_aops
Existing file
-------------
lookup_open
ext4_lookup
ext4_iget
ext4_set_aops // Set aops to ext4_da_aops
ext4_set_inode_flags // Set S_DAX flag
Change ext4_iget() to initialize i_flags before ext4_set_aops().
Fixes: 5f0663bb4a ("ext4, dax: introduce ext4_dax_aops")
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Ext4 mount path calls .bmap to the journal inode. This currently
works for the DAX mount case because ext4_iget() always set
'ext4_da_aops' to any regular files.
In preparation to fix ext4_iget() to set 'ext4_dax_aops' for ext4
DAX files, add ext4_bmap() to 'ext4_dax_aops', since bmap works for
DAX inodes.
Fixes: 5f0663bb4a ("ext4, dax: introduce ext4_dax_aops")
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Marking mmp bh dirty before writing it will make writeback
pick up mmp block later and submit a write, we don't want the
duplicate write as kmmpd thread should have full control of
reading and writing the mmp block.
Another reason is we will also have random I/O error on
the writeback request when blk integrity is enabled, because
kmmpd could modify the content of the mmp block(e.g. setting
new seq and time) while the mmp block is under I/O requested
by writeback.
Signed-off-by: Li Dongyang <dongyangli@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
When in effect, add "test_dummy_encryption" to _ext4_show_options() so
that it is shown in /proc/mounts and other relevant procfs files.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
If the refcount of a page is lowered between the time that it is returned
by dax_busy_page() and when the refcount is again checked in
ext4_break_layouts() => ___wait_var_event(), the waiting function
ext4_wait_dax_page() will never be called. This means that
ext4_break_layouts() will still have 'retry' set to false, so we'll stop
looping and never check the refcount of other pages in this inode.
Instead, always continue looping as long as dax_layout_busy_page() gives us
a page which it found with an elevated refcount.
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
An online resize of a file system with the bigalloc feature enabled
and a 1k block size would be refused since ext4_resize_begin() did not
understand s_first_data_block is 0 for all bigalloc file systems, even
when the block size is 1k.
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Avoid growing the file system to an extent so that the last block
group is too small to hold all of the metadata that must be stored in
the block group.
This problem can be triggered with the following reproducer:
umount /mnt
mke2fs -F -m0 -b 4096 -t ext4 -O resize_inode,^has_journal \
-E resize=1073741824 /tmp/foo.img 128M
mount /tmp/foo.img /mnt
truncate --size 1708M /tmp/foo.img
resize2fs /dev/loop0 295400
umount /mnt
e2fsck -fy /tmp/foo.img
Reported-by: Torsten Hilbrich <torsten.hilbrich@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
When mounting the superblock, ext4_fill_super() calculates the free
blocks and free inodes and stores them in the superblock. It's not
strictly necessary, since we don't use them any more, but it's nice to
keep them roughly aligned to reality.
Since it's not critical for file system correctness, the code doesn't
call ext4_commit_super(). The problem is that it's in
ext4_commit_super() that we recalculate the superblock checksum. So
if we're not going to call ext4_commit_super(), we need to call
ext4_superblock_csum_set() to make sure the superblock checksum is
consistent.
Most of the time, this doesn't matter, since we end up calling
ext4_commit_super() very soon thereafter, and definitely by the time
the file system is unmounted. However, it doesn't work in this
sequence:
mke2fs -Fq -t ext4 /dev/vdc 128M
mount /dev/vdc /vdc
cp xfstests/git-versions /vdc
godown /vdc
umount /vdc
mount /dev/vdc
tune2fs -l /dev/vdc
With this commit, the "tune2fs -l" no longer fails.
Reported-by: Chengguang Xu <cgxu519@gmx.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
A maliciously crafted file system can cause an overflow when the
results of a 64-bit calculation is stored into a 32-bit length
parameter.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200623
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reported-by: Wen Xu <wen.xu@gatech.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
A specially crafted file system can trick empty_inline_dir() into
reading past the last valid entry in a inline directory, and then run
into the end of xattr marker. This will trigger a divide by zero
fault. Fix this by using the size of the inline directory instead of
dir->i_size.
Also clean up error reporting in __ext4_check_dir_entry so that the
message is clearer and more understandable --- and avoids the division
by zero trap if the size passed in is zero. (I'm not sure why we
coded it that way in the first place; printing offset % size is
actually more confusing and less useful.)
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200933
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reported-by: Wen Xu <wen.xu@gatech.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
If the destination of the rename(2) system call exists, the inode's
link count (i_nlinks) must be non-zero. If it is, the inode can end
up on the orphan list prematurely, leading to all sorts of hilarity,
including a use-after-free.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200931
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reported-by: Wen Xu <wen.xu@gatech.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
This suppresses some false positives in gcc 8's -Wstringop-truncation
Suggested by Miguel Ojeda (hopefully the __nonstring definition will
eventually get accepted in the compiler-gcc.h header file).
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
a_ops->readpages() is only ever used for read-ahead. Ensure that we
pass this information down to the block layer.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180621010725.17813-5-axboe@kernel.dk
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch is reworked from an earlier patch that Dan has posted:
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/10131727/
VM_MIXEDMAP is used by dax to direct mm paths like vm_normal_page() that
the memory page it is dealing with is not typical memory from the linear
map. The get_user_pages_fast() path, since it does not resolve the vma,
is already using {pte,pmd}_devmap() as a stand-in for VM_MIXEDMAP, so we
use that as a VM_MIXEDMAP replacement in some locations. In the cases
where there is no pte to consult we fallback to using vma_is_dax() to
detect the VM_MIXEDMAP special case.
Now that we have explicit driver pfn_t-flag opt-in/opt-out for
get_user_pages() support for DAX we can stop setting VM_MIXEDMAP. This
also means we no longer need to worry about safely manipulating vm_flags
in a future where we support dynamically changing the dax mode of a
file.
DAX should also now be supported with madvise_behavior(), vma_merge(),
and copy_page_range().
This patch has been tested against ndctl unit test. It has also been
tested against xfstests commit: 625515d using fake pmem created by
memmap and no additional issues have been observed.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/152847720311.55924.16999195879201817653.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'for-4.19/block-20180812' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
"First pull request for this merge window, there will also be a
followup request with some stragglers.
This pull request contains:
- Fix for a thundering heard issue in the wbt block code (Anchal
Agarwal)
- A few NVMe pull requests:
* Improved tracepoints (Keith)
* Larger inline data support for RDMA (Steve Wise)
* RDMA setup/teardown fixes (Sagi)
* Effects log suppor for NVMe target (Chaitanya Kulkarni)
* Buffered IO suppor for NVMe target (Chaitanya Kulkarni)
* TP4004 (ANA) support (Christoph)
* Various NVMe fixes
- Block io-latency controller support. Much needed support for
properly containing block devices. (Josef)
- Series improving how we handle sense information on the stack
(Kees)
- Lightnvm fixes and updates/improvements (Mathias/Javier et al)
- Zoned device support for null_blk (Matias)
- AIX partition fixes (Mauricio Faria de Oliveira)
- DIF checksum code made generic (Max Gurtovoy)
- Add support for discard in iostats (Michael Callahan / Tejun)
- Set of updates for BFQ (Paolo)
- Removal of async write support for bsg (Christoph)
- Bio page dirtying and clone fixups (Christoph)
- Set of bcache fix/changes (via Coly)
- Series improving blk-mq queue setup/teardown speed (Ming)
- Series improving merging performance on blk-mq (Ming)
- Lots of other fixes and cleanups from a slew of folks"
* tag 'for-4.19/block-20180812' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (190 commits)
blkcg: Make blkg_root_lookup() work for queues in bypass mode
bcache: fix error setting writeback_rate through sysfs interface
null_blk: add lock drop/acquire annotation
Blk-throttle: reduce tail io latency when iops limit is enforced
block: paride: pd: mark expected switch fall-throughs
block: Ensure that a request queue is dissociated from the cgroup controller
block: Introduce blk_exit_queue()
blkcg: Introduce blkg_root_lookup()
block: Remove two superfluous #include directives
blk-mq: count the hctx as active before allocating tag
block: bvec_nr_vecs() returns value for wrong slab
bcache: trivial - remove tailing backslash in macro BTREE_FLAG
bcache: make the pr_err statement used for ENOENT only in sysfs_attatch section
bcache: set max writeback rate when I/O request is idle
bcache: add code comments for bset.c
bcache: fix mistaken comments in request.c
bcache: fix mistaken code comments in bcache.h
bcache: add a comment in super.c
bcache: avoid unncessary cache prefetch bch_btree_node_get()
bcache: display rate debug parameters to 0 when writeback is not running
...
The err is not used after initalization. So just remove the variable.
Signed-off-by: zhong jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
'ac->ac_g_ex.fe_len' is a user-controlled value which is used in the
derivation of 'ac->ac_2order'. 'ac->ac_2order', in turn, is used to
index arrays which makes it a potential spectre gadget. Fix this by
sanitizing the value assigned to 'ac->ac2_order'. This covers the
following accesses found with the help of smatch:
* fs/ext4/mballoc.c:1896 ext4_mb_simple_scan_group() warn: potential
spectre issue 'grp->bb_counters' [w] (local cap)
* fs/ext4/mballoc.c:445 mb_find_buddy() warn: potential spectre issue
'EXT4_SB(e4b->bd_sb)->s_mb_offsets' [r] (local cap)
* fs/ext4/mballoc.c:446 mb_find_buddy() warn: potential spectre issue
'EXT4_SB(e4b->bd_sb)->s_mb_maxs' [r] (local cap)
Suggested-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Cline <jcline@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Extended attribute names are defined to be NUL-terminated, so the name
must not contain a NUL character. This is important because there are
places when remove extended attribute, the code uses strlen to
determine the length of the entry. That should probably be fixed at
some point, but code is currently really messy, so the simplest fix
for now is to simply validate that the extended attributes are sane.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200401
Reported-by: Wen Xu <wen.xu@gatech.edu>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Out of memory should not be considered as critical errors; so replace
ext4_error() with ext4_warnig().
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Whenever we hit block or inode bitmap corruptions we set
bit and then reduce this block group free inode/clusters
counter to expose right available space.
However some of ext4_mark_group_bitmap_corrupted() is called
inside group spinlock, some are not, this could make it happen
that we double reduce one block group free counters from system.
Always hold group spinlock for it could fix it, but it looks
a little heavy, we could use test_and_set_bit() to fix race
problems here.
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
When ext4_find_entry() falls back to "searching the old fashioned
way" due to a corrupt dx dir, it needs to reset the error code
to NULL so that the nonstandard ERR_BAD_DX_DIR code isn't returned
to userspace.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199947
Reported-by: Anatoly Trosinenko <anatoly.trosinenko@yandex.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Follow the lead of xfs_break_dax_layouts() and add synchronization between
operations in ext4 which remove blocks from an inode (hole punch, truncate
down, etc.) and pages which are pinned due to DAX DMA operations.
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Make use of the swap macro and remove unnecessary variable *tmp*.
This makes the code easier to read and maintain.
This code was detected with the help of Coccinelle.
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavo@embeddedor.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
There is no check for allocation failure when duplicating
"data" in ext4_remount(). Check for failure and return
error -ENOMEM in this case.
Signed-off-by: Chengguang Xu <cgxu519@gmx.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Output the warning message before we clobber type and be -1 all the time.
The error message would now be
[ 1.519791] EXT4-fs warning (device vdb): ext4_enable_quotas:5402:
Failed to enable quota tracking (type=0, err=-3). Please run e2fsck to fix.
Signed-off-by: Junichi Uekawa <uekawa@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
The inode timestamps use 34 bits in ext4, but the various timestamps in
the superblock are limited to 32 bits. If every user accesses these as
'unsigned', then this is good until year 2106, but it seems better to
extend this a bit further in the process of removing the deprecated
get_seconds() function.
This adds another byte for each timestamp in the superblock, making
them long enough to store timestamps beyond what is in the inodes,
which seems good enough here (in ocfs2, they are already 64-bit wide,
which is appropriate for a new layout).
I did not modify e2fsprogs, which obviously needs the same change to
actually interpret future timestamps correctly.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
This is the last missing piece for the inode times on 32-bit systems:
now that VFS interfaces use timespec64, we just need to stop truncating
the tv_sec values for y2038 compatibililty.
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
We only care about the low 32-bit for i_dtime as explained in commit
b5f515735b ("ext4: avoid Y2038 overflow in recently_deleted()"), so
the use of get_seconds() is correct here, but that function is getting
removed in the process of the y2038 fixes, so let's use the modern
ktime_get_real_seconds() here.
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
The mmp_time field is 64 bits wide, which is good, but calling
get_seconds() results in a 32-bit value on 32-bit architectures. Using
ktime_get_real_seconds() instead returns 64 bits everywhere.
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
While working on extended rand for last_error/first_error timestamps,
I noticed that the endianess is wrong; we access the little-endian
fields in struct ext4_super_block as native-endian when we print them.
This adds a special case in ext4_attr_show() and ext4_attr_store()
to byteswap the superblock fields if needed.
In older kernels, this code was part of super.c, it got moved to
sysfs.c in linux-4.4.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 52c198c682 ("ext4: add sysfs entry showing whether the fs contains errors")
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Commit 8844618d8aa7: "ext4: only look at the bg_flags field if it is
valid" will complain if block group zero does not have the
EXT4_BG_INODE_ZEROED flag set. Unfortunately, this is not correct,
since a freshly created file system has this flag cleared. It gets
almost immediately after the file system is mounted read-write --- but
the following somewhat unlikely sequence will end up triggering a
false positive report of a corrupted file system:
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc
mount -o ro /dev/vdc /vdc
mount -o remount,rw /dev/vdc
Instead, when initializing the inode table for block group zero, test
to make sure that itable_unused count is not too large, since that is
the case that will result in some or all of the reserved inodes
getting cleared.
This fixes the failures reported by Eric Whiteney when running
generic/230 and generic/231 in the the nojournal test case.
Fixes: 8844618d8a ("ext4: only look at the bg_flags field if it is valid")
Reported-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Add defines for STAT_READ and STAT_WRITE for indexing the partition
stat entries. This clarifies some fs/ code which has hardcoded 1 for
STAT_WRITE and will make it easier to extend the stats with additional
fields.
tj: Refreshed on top of v4.17.
Signed-off-by: Michael Callahan <michaelcallahan@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
With commit 044e6e3d74a3: "ext4: don't update checksum of new
initialized bitmaps" the buffer valid bit will get set without
actually setting up the checksum for the allocation bitmap, since the
checksum will get calculated once we actually allocate an inode or
block.
If we are doing this, then we need to (re-)check the verified bit
after we take the block group lock. Otherwise, we could race with
another process reading and verifying the bitmap, which would then
complain about the checksum being invalid.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1780137
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
The inline data code was updating the raw inode directly; this is
problematic since if metadata checksums are enabled,
ext4_mark_inode_dirty() must be called to update the inode's checksum.
In addition, the jbd2 layer requires that get_write_access() be called
before the metadata buffer is modified. Fix both of these problems.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200443
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Previously, when an MMP-protected file system is remounted read-only,
the kmmpd thread would exit the next time it woke up (a few seconds
later), without resetting the MMP sequence number back to
EXT4_MMP_SEQ_CLEAN.
Fix this by explicitly killing the MMP thread when the file system is
remounted read-only.
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Ext4_check_descriptors() was getting called before s_gdb_count was
initialized. So for file systems w/o the meta_bg feature, allocation
bitmaps could overlap the block group descriptors and ext4 wouldn't
notice.
For file systems with the meta_bg feature enabled, there was a
fencepost error which would cause the ext4_check_descriptors() to
incorrectly believe that the block allocation bitmap overlaps with the
block group descriptor blocks, and it would reject the mount.
Fix both of these problems.
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
maliciously crafted file system image can result in a kernel OOPS or
hang. At least one fix addresses an inline data bug could be
triggered by userspace without the need of a crafted file system
(although it does require that the inline data feature be enabled).
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 bugfixes from Ted Ts'o:
"Bug fixes for ext4; most of which relate to vulnerabilities where a
maliciously crafted file system image can result in a kernel OOPS or
hang.
At least one fix addresses an inline data bug could be triggered by
userspace without the need of a crafted file system (although it does
require that the inline data feature be enabled)"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
ext4: check superblock mapped prior to committing
ext4: add more mount time checks of the superblock
ext4: add more inode number paranoia checks
ext4: avoid running out of journal credits when appending to an inline file
jbd2: don't mark block as modified if the handle is out of credits
ext4: never move the system.data xattr out of the inode body
ext4: clear i_data in ext4_inode_info when removing inline data
ext4: include the illegal physical block in the bad map ext4_error msg
ext4: verify the depth of extent tree in ext4_find_extent()
ext4: only look at the bg_flags field if it is valid
ext4: make sure bitmaps and the inode table don't overlap with bg descriptors
ext4: always check block group bounds in ext4_init_block_bitmap()
ext4: always verify the magic number in xattr blocks
ext4: add corruption check in ext4_xattr_set_entry()
ext4: add warn_on_error mount option
This patch attempts to close a hole leading to a BUG seen with hot
removals during writes [1].
A block device (NVME namespace in this test case) is formatted to EXT4
without partitions. It's mounted and write I/O is run to a file, then
the device is hot removed from the slot. The superblock attempts to be
written to the drive which is no longer present.
The typical chain of events leading to the BUG:
ext4_commit_super()
__sync_dirty_buffer()
submit_bh()
submit_bh_wbc()
BUG_ON(!buffer_mapped(bh));
This fix checks for the superblock's buffer head being mapped prior to
syncing.
[1] https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-ext4/msg56527.html
Signed-off-by: Jon Derrick <jonathan.derrick@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
The kernel's ext4 mount-time checks were more permissive than
e2fsprogs's libext2fs checks when opening a file system. The
superblock is considered too insane for debugfs or e2fsck to operate
on it, the kernel has no business trying to mount it.
This will make file system fuzzing tools work harder, but the failure
cases that they find will be more useful and be easier to evaluate.
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
If there is a directory entry pointing to a system inode (such as a
journal inode), complain and declare the file system to be corrupted.
Also, if the superblock's first inode number field is too small,
refuse to mount the file system.
This addresses CVE-2018-10882.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200069
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Use a separate journal transaction if it turns out that we need to
convert an inline file to use an data block. Otherwise we could end
up failing due to not having journal credits.
This addresses CVE-2018-10883.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200071
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
When expanding the extra isize space, we must never move the
system.data xattr out of the inode body. For performance reasons, it
doesn't make any sense, and the inline data implementation assumes
that system.data xattr is never in the external xattr block.
This addresses CVE-2018-10880
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200005
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
When converting from an inode from storing the data in-line to a data
block, ext4_destroy_inline_data_nolock() was only clearing the on-disk
copy of the i_blocks[] array. It was not clearing copy of the
i_blocks[] in ext4_inode_info, in i_data[], which is the copy actually
used by ext4_map_blocks().
This didn't matter much if we are using extents, since the extents
header would be invalid and thus the extents could would re-initialize
the extents tree. But if we are using indirect blocks, the previous
contents of the i_blocks array will be treated as block numbers, with
potentially catastrophic results to the file system integrity and/or
user data.
This gets worse if the file system is using a 1k block size and
s_first_data is zero, but even without this, the file system can get
quite badly corrupted.
This addresses CVE-2018-10881.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200015
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
This is a late set of changes from Deepa Dinamani doing an automated
treewide conversion of the inode and iattr structures from 'timespec'
to 'timespec64', to push the conversion from the VFS layer into the
individual file systems.
There were no conflicts between this and the contents of linux-next
until just before the merge window, when we saw multiple problems:
- A minor conflict with my own y2038 fixes, which I could address
by adding another patch on top here.
- One semantic conflict with late changes to the NFS tree. I addressed
this by merging Deepa's original branch on top of the changes that
now got merged into mainline and making sure the merge commit includes
the necessary changes as produced by coccinelle.
- A trivial conflict against the removal of staging/lustre.
- Multiple conflicts against the VFS changes in the overlayfs tree.
These are still part of linux-next, but apparently this is no longer
intended for 4.18 [1], so I am ignoring that part.
As Deepa writes:
The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64.
Currently vfs uses struct timespec, which is not y2038 safe.
The series involves the following:
1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64 timestamps.
2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch.
3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual
replacement becomes easy.
4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script.
This is a flag day patch.
Next steps:
1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting
timestamps at the boundaries.
2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions.
Thomas Gleixner adds:
I think there is no point to drag that out for the next merge window.
The whole thing needs to be done in one go for the core changes which
means that you're going to play that catchup game forever. Let's get
over with it towards the end of the merge window.
[1] https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-fsdevel/msg128294.html
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Merge tag 'vfs-timespec64' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground
Pull inode timestamps conversion to timespec64 from Arnd Bergmann:
"This is a late set of changes from Deepa Dinamani doing an automated
treewide conversion of the inode and iattr structures from 'timespec'
to 'timespec64', to push the conversion from the VFS layer into the
individual file systems.
As Deepa writes:
'The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64.
Currently vfs uses struct timespec, which is not y2038 safe.
The series involves the following:
1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64
timestamps.
2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch.
3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual replacement
becomes easy.
4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script.
This is a flag day patch.
Next steps:
1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting
timestamps at the boundaries.
2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions'
Thomas Gleixner adds:
'I think there is no point to drag that out for the next merge
window. The whole thing needs to be done in one go for the core
changes which means that you're going to play that catchup game
forever. Let's get over with it towards the end of the merge window'"
* tag 'vfs-timespec64' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground:
pstore: Remove bogus format string definition
vfs: change inode times to use struct timespec64
pstore: Convert internal records to timespec64
udf: Simplify calls to udf_disk_stamp_to_time
fs: nfs: get rid of memcpys for inode times
ceph: make inode time prints to be long long
lustre: Use long long type to print inode time
fs: add timespec64_truncate()
If there is a corupted file system where the claimed depth of the
extent tree is -1, this can cause a massive buffer overrun leading to
sadness.
This addresses CVE-2018-10877.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199417
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Pull the timespec64 conversion from Deepa Dinamani:
"The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use
struct timespec64. Currently vfs uses struct timespec,
which is not y2038 safe.
The flag patch applies cleanly. I've not seen the timestamps
update logic change often. The series applies cleanly on 4.17-rc6
and linux-next tip (top commit: next-20180517).
I'm not sure how to merge this kind of a series with a flag patch.
We are targeting 4.18 for this.
Let me know if you have other suggestions.
The series involves the following:
1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64 timestamps.
2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch.
3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual
replacement becomes easy.
4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script.
This is a flag day patch.
I've tried to keep the conversions with the script simple, to
aid in the reviews. I've kept all the internal filesystem data
structures and function signatures the same.
Next steps:
1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting
timestamps at the boundaries.
2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions."
I've pulled it into a branch based on top of the NFS changes that
are now in mainline, so I could resolve the non-obvious conflict
between the two while merging.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
The bg_flags field in the block group descripts is only valid if the
uninit_bg or metadata_csum feature is enabled. We were not
consistently looking at this field; fix this.
Also block group #0 must never have uninitialized allocation bitmaps,
or need to be zeroed, since that's where the root inode, and other
special inodes are set up. Check for these conditions and mark the
file system as corrupted if they are detected.
This addresses CVE-2018-10876.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199403
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
It's really bad when the allocation bitmaps and the inode table
overlap with the block group descriptors, since it causes random
corruption of the bg descriptors. So we really want to head those off
at the pass.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199865
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Regardless of whether the flex_bg feature is set, we should always
check to make sure the bits we are setting in the block bitmap are
within the block group bounds.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199865
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
If there an inode points to a block which is also some other type of
metadata block (such as a block allocation bitmap), the
buffer_verified flag can be set when it was validated as that other
metadata block type; however, it would make a really terrible external
attribute block. The reason why we use the verified flag is to avoid
constantly reverifying the block. However, it doesn't take much
overhead to make sure the magic number of the xattr block is correct,
and this will avoid potential crashes.
This addresses CVE-2018-10879.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200001
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
In theory this should have been caught earlier when the xattr list was
verified, but in case it got missed, it's simple enough to add check
to make sure we don't overrun the xattr buffer.
This addresses CVE-2018-10879.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200001
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
In this round, we've mainly focused on discard, aka unmap, control along with
fstrim for Android-specific usage model. In addition, we've fixed writepage flow
which returned EAGAIN previously resulting in EIO of fsync(2) due to mapping's
error state. In order to avoid old MM bug [1], we decided not to use __GFP_ZERO
for the mapping for node and meta page caches. As always, we've cleaned up many
places for future fsverity and symbol conflicts.
Enhancement:
- do discard/fstrim in lower priority considering fs utilization
- split large discard commands into smaller ones for better responsiveness
- add more sanity checks to address syzbot reports
- add a mount option, fsync_mode=nobarrier, which can reduce # of cache flushes
- clean up symbol namespace with modified function names
- be strict on block allocation and IO control in corner cases
Bug fix:
- don't use __GFP_ZERO for mappings
- fix error reports in writepage to avoid fsync() failure
- avoid selinux denial on CAP_RESOURCE on resgid/resuid
- fix some subtle race conditions in GC/atomic writes/shutdown
- fix overflow bugs in sanity_check_raw_super
- fix missing bits on get_flags
Clean-up:
- prepare the generic flow for future fsverity integration
- fix some broken coding standard
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/4/8/661
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Merge tag 'f2fs-for-4.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs
Pull f2fs updates from Jaegeuk Kim:
"In this round, we've mainly focused on discard, aka unmap, control
along with fstrim for Android-specific usage model. In addition, we've
fixed writepage flow which returned EAGAIN previously resulting in EIO
of fsync(2) due to mapping's error state. In order to avoid old MM bug
[1], we decided not to use __GFP_ZERO for the mapping for node and
meta page caches. As always, we've cleaned up many places for future
fsverity and symbol conflicts.
Enhancements:
- do discard/fstrim in lower priority considering fs utilization
- split large discard commands into smaller ones for better responsiveness
- add more sanity checks to address syzbot reports
- add a mount option, fsync_mode=nobarrier, which can reduce # of cache flushes
- clean up symbol namespace with modified function names
- be strict on block allocation and IO control in corner cases
Bug fixes:
- don't use __GFP_ZERO for mappings
- fix error reports in writepage to avoid fsync() failure
- avoid selinux denial on CAP_RESOURCE on resgid/resuid
- fix some subtle race conditions in GC/atomic writes/shutdown
- fix overflow bugs in sanity_check_raw_super
- fix missing bits on get_flags
Clean-ups:
- prepare the generic flow for future fsverity integration
- fix some broken coding standard"
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/4/8/661
* tag 'f2fs-for-4.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs: (79 commits)
f2fs: fix to clear FI_VOLATILE_FILE correctly
f2fs: let sync node IO interrupt async one
f2fs: don't change wbc->sync_mode
f2fs: fix to update mtime correctly
fs: f2fs: insert space around that ':' and ', '
fs: f2fs: add missing blank lines after declarations
fs: f2fs: changed variable type of offset "unsigned" to "loff_t"
f2fs: clean up symbol namespace
f2fs: make set_de_type() static
f2fs: make __f2fs_write_data_pages() static
f2fs: fix to avoid accessing cross the boundary
f2fs: fix to let caller retry allocating block address
disable loading f2fs module on PAGE_SIZE > 4KB
f2fs: fix error path of move_data_page
f2fs: don't drop dentry pages after fs shutdown
f2fs: fix to avoid race during access gc_thread pointer
f2fs: clean up with clear_radix_tree_dirty_tag
f2fs: fix to don't trigger writeback during recovery
f2fs: clear discard_wake earlier
f2fs: let discard thread wait a little longer if dev is busy
...
algorithms. Yes, Speck is contrversial, but the intention is to use
them only for the lowest end Android devices, where the alternative
*really* is no encryption at all for data stored at rest.
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Merge tag 'fscrypt_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/fscrypt
Pull fscrypt updates from Ted Ts'o:
"Add bunch of cleanups, and add support for the Speck128/256
algorithms.
Yes, Speck is contrversial, but the intention is to use them only for
the lowest end Android devices, where the alternative *really* is no
encryption at all for data stored at rest"
* tag 'fscrypt_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/fscrypt:
fscrypt: log the crypto algorithm implementations
fscrypt: add Speck128/256 support
fscrypt: only derive the needed portion of the key
fscrypt: separate key lookup from key derivation
fscrypt: use a common logging function
fscrypt: remove internal key size constants
fscrypt: remove unnecessary check for non-logon key type
fscrypt: make fscrypt_operations.max_namelen an integer
fscrypt: drop empty name check from fname_decrypt()
fscrypt: drop max_namelen check from fname_decrypt()
fscrypt: don't special-case EOPNOTSUPP from fscrypt_get_encryption_info()
fscrypt: don't clear flags on crypto transform
fscrypt: remove stale comment from fscrypt_d_revalidate()
fscrypt: remove error messages for skcipher_request_alloc() failure
fscrypt: remove unnecessary NULL check when allocating skcipher
fscrypt: clean up after fscrypt_prepare_lookup() conversions
fs, fscrypt: only define ->s_cop when FS_ENCRYPTION is enabled
fscrypt: use unbound workqueue for decryption
- Strengthen inode number and structure validation when allocating inodes.
- Reduce pointless buffer allocations during cache miss
- Use FUA for pure data O_DSYNC directio writes
- Various iomap refactorings
- Strengthen quota metadata verification to avoid unfixable broken quota
- Make AGFL block freeing a deferred operation to avoid blowing out
transaction reservations when running complex operations
- Get rid of the log item descriptors to reduce log overhead
- Fix various reflink bugs where inodes were double-joined to
transactions
- Don't issue discards when trimming unwritten extents
- Refactor incore dquot initialization and retrieval interfaces
- Fix some locking problmes in the quota scrub code
- Strengthen btree structure checks in scrub code
- Rewrite swapfile activation to use iomap and support unwritten extents
- Make scrub exit to userspace sooner when corruptions or
cross-referencing problems are found
- Make scrub invoke the data fork scrubber directly on metadata inodes
- Don't do background reclamation of post-eof and cow blocks when the fs
is suspended
- Fix secondary superblock buffer lifespan hinting
- Refactor growfs to use table-dispatched functions instead of long
stringy functions
- Move growfs code to libxfs
- Implement online fs label getting and setting
- Introduce online filesystem repair (in a very limited capacity)
- Fix unit conversion problems in the realtime freemap iteration
functions
- Various refactorings and cleanups in preparation to remove buffer
heads in a future release
- Reimplement the old bmap call with iomap
- Remove direct buffer head accesses from seek hole/data
- Various bug fixes
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Merge tag 'xfs-4.18-merge-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux
Pull xfs updates from Darrick Wong:
"New features this cycle include the ability to relabel mounted
filesystems, support for fallocated swapfiles, and using FUA for pure
data O_DSYNC directio writes. With this cycle we begin to integrate
online filesystem repair and refactor the growfs code in preparation
for eventual subvolume support, though the road ahead for both
features is quite long.
There are also numerous refactorings of the iomap code to remove
unnecessary log overhead, to disentangle some of the quota code, and
to prepare for buffer head removal in a future upstream kernel.
Metadata validation continues to improve, both in the hot path
veifiers and the online filesystem check code. I anticipate sending a
second pull request in a few days with more metadata validation
improvements.
This series has been run through a full xfstests run over the weekend
and through a quick xfstests run against this morning's master, with
no major failures reported.
Summary:
- Strengthen inode number and structure validation when allocating
inodes.
- Reduce pointless buffer allocations during cache miss
- Use FUA for pure data O_DSYNC directio writes
- Various iomap refactorings
- Strengthen quota metadata verification to avoid unfixable broken
quota
- Make AGFL block freeing a deferred operation to avoid blowing out
transaction reservations when running complex operations
- Get rid of the log item descriptors to reduce log overhead
- Fix various reflink bugs where inodes were double-joined to
transactions
- Don't issue discards when trimming unwritten extents
- Refactor incore dquot initialization and retrieval interfaces
- Fix some locking problmes in the quota scrub code
- Strengthen btree structure checks in scrub code
- Rewrite swapfile activation to use iomap and support unwritten
extents
- Make scrub exit to userspace sooner when corruptions or
cross-referencing problems are found
- Make scrub invoke the data fork scrubber directly on metadata
inodes
- Don't do background reclamation of post-eof and cow blocks when the
fs is suspended
- Fix secondary superblock buffer lifespan hinting
- Refactor growfs to use table-dispatched functions instead of long
stringy functions
- Move growfs code to libxfs
- Implement online fs label getting and setting
- Introduce online filesystem repair (in a very limited capacity)
- Fix unit conversion problems in the realtime freemap iteration
functions
- Various refactorings and cleanups in preparation to remove buffer
heads in a future release
- Reimplement the old bmap call with iomap
- Remove direct buffer head accesses from seek hole/data
- Various bug fixes"
* tag 'xfs-4.18-merge-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: (121 commits)
fs: use ->is_partially_uptodate in page_cache_seek_hole_data
fs: remove the buffer_unwritten check in page_seek_hole_data
fs: move page_cache_seek_hole_data to iomap.c
xfs: use iomap_bmap
iomap: add an iomap-based bmap implementation
iomap: add a iomap_sector helper
iomap: use __bio_add_page in iomap_dio_zero
iomap: move IOMAP_F_BOUNDARY to gfs2
iomap: fix the comment describing IOMAP_NOWAIT
iomap: inline data should be an iomap type, not a flag
mm: split ->readpages calls to avoid non-contiguous pages lists
mm: return an unsigned int from __do_page_cache_readahead
mm: give the 'ret' variable a better name __do_page_cache_readahead
block: add a lower-level bio_add_page interface
xfs: fix error handling in xfs_refcount_insert()
xfs: fix xfs_rtalloc_rec units
xfs: strengthen rtalloc query range checks
xfs: xfs_rtbuf_get should check the bmapi_read results
xfs: xfs_rtword_t should be unsigned, not signed
dax: change bdev_dax_supported() to support boolean returns
...
file systems.
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
"A lot of cleanups and bug fixes, especially dealing with corrupted
file systems"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (23 commits)
ext4: fix fencepost error in check for inode count overflow during resize
ext4: correctly handle a zero-length xattr with a non-zero e_value_offs
ext4: bubble errors from ext4_find_inline_data_nolock() up to ext4_iget()
ext4: do not allow external inodes for inline data
ext4: report delalloc reserve as non-free in statfs for project quota
ext4: remove NULL check before calling kmem_cache_destroy()
jbd2: remove NULL check before calling kmem_cache_destroy()
jbd2: remove bunch of empty lines with jbd2 debug
ext4: handle errors on ext4_commit_super
ext4: do not update s_last_mounted of a frozen fs
ext4: factor out helper ext4_sample_last_mounted()
vfs: add the sb_start_intwrite_trylock() helper
ext4: update mtime in ext4_punch_hole even if no blocks are released
ext4: add verifier check for symlink with append/immutable flags
fs: ext4: add new return type vm_fault_t
ext4: fix hole length detection in ext4_ind_map_blocks()
ext4: mark block bitmap corrupted when found
ext4: mark inode bitmap corrupted when found
ext4: add new ext4_mark_group_bitmap_corrupted() helper
ext4: fix wrong return value in ext4_read_inode_bitmap()
...
Inline data is fundamentally different from our normal mapped case in that
it doesn't even have a block address. So instead of having a flag for it
it should be an entirely separate iomap range type.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
The function return values are confusing with the way the function is
named. We expect a true or false return value but it actually returns
0/-errno. This makes the code very confusing. Changing the return values
to return a bool where if DAX is supported then return true and no DAX
support returns false.
Signed-off-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Change bdev_dax_supported so it takes a bdev parameter. This enables
multi-device filesystems like xfs to check that a dax device can work for
the particular filesystem. Once that's in place, actually fix all the
parts of XFS where we need to be able to distinguish between datadev and
rtdev.
This patch fixes the problem where we screw up the dax support checking
in xfs if the datadev and rtdev have different dax capabilities.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
[rez: Re-added __bdev_dax_supported() for !CONFIG_FS_DAX cases]
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
ext4_resize_fs() has an off-by-one bug when checking whether growing of
a filesystem will not overflow inode count. As a result it allows a
filesystem with 8192 inodes per group to grow to 64TB which overflows
inode count to 0 and makes filesystem unusable. Fix it.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 3f8a6411fb
Reported-by: Jaco Kroon <jaco@uls.co.za>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Ext4 will always create ext4 extended attributes which do not have a
value (where e_value_size is zero) with e_value_offs set to zero. In
most places e_value_offs will not be used in a substantive way if
e_value_size is zero.
There was one exception to this, which is in ext4_xattr_set_entry(),
where if there is a maliciously crafted file system where there is an
extended attribute with e_value_offs is non-zero and e_value_size is
0, the attempt to remove this xattr will result in a negative value
getting passed to memmove, leading to the following sadness:
[ 41.225365] EXT4-fs (loop0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 44.538641] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff9ec9a3000000
[ 44.538733] IP: __memmove+0x81/0x1a0
[ 44.538755] PGD 1249bd067 P4D 1249bd067 PUD 1249c1067 PMD 80000001230000e1
[ 44.538793] Oops: 0003 [#1] SMP PTI
[ 44.539074] CPU: 0 PID: 1470 Comm: poc Not tainted 4.16.0-rc1+ #1
...
[ 44.539475] Call Trace:
[ 44.539832] ext4_xattr_set_entry+0x9e7/0xf80
...
[ 44.539972] ext4_xattr_block_set+0x212/0xea0
...
[ 44.540041] ext4_xattr_set_handle+0x514/0x610
[ 44.540065] ext4_xattr_set+0x7f/0x120
[ 44.540090] __vfs_removexattr+0x4d/0x60
[ 44.540112] vfs_removexattr+0x75/0xe0
[ 44.540132] removexattr+0x4d/0x80
...
[ 44.540279] path_removexattr+0x91/0xb0
[ 44.540300] SyS_removexattr+0xf/0x20
[ 44.540322] do_syscall_64+0x71/0x120
[ 44.540344] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x21/0x86
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199347
This addresses CVE-2018-10840.
Reported-by: "Xu, Wen" <wen.xu@gatech.edu>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Fixes: dec214d00e ("ext4: xattr inode deduplication")
If ext4_find_inline_data_nolock() returns an error it needs to get
reflected up to ext4_iget(). In order to fix this,
ext4_iget_extra_inode() needs to return an error (and not return
void).
This is related to "ext4: do not allow external inodes for inline
data" (which fixes CVE-2018-11412) in that in the errors=continue
case, it would be useful to for userspace to receive an error
indicating that file system is corrupted.
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
The inline data feature was implemented before we added support for
external inodes for xattrs. It makes no sense to support that
combination, but the problem is that there are a number of extended
attribute checks that are skipped if e_value_inum is non-zero.
Unfortunately, the inline data code is completely e_value_inum
unaware, and attempts to interpret the xattr fields as if it were an
inline xattr --- at which point, Hilarty Ensues.
This addresses CVE-2018-11412.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199803
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Fixes: e50e5129f3 ("ext4: xattr-in-inode support")
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Pull vfs fixes from Al Viro:
"Assorted fixes all over the place"
* 'fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
aio: fix io_destroy(2) vs. lookup_ioctx() race
ext2: fix a block leak
nfsd: vfs_mkdir() might succeed leaving dentry negative unhashed
cachefiles: vfs_mkdir() might succeed leaving dentry negative unhashed
unfuck sysfs_mount()
kernfs: deal with kernfs_fill_super() failures
cramfs: Fix IS_ENABLED typo
befs_lookup(): use d_splice_alias()
affs_lookup: switch to d_splice_alias()
affs_lookup(): close a race with affs_remove_link()
fix breakage caused by d_find_alias() semantics change
fs: don't scan the inode cache before SB_BORN is set
do d_instantiate/unlock_new_inode combinations safely
iov_iter: fix memory leak in pipe_get_pages_alloc()
iov_iter: fix return type of __pipe_get_pages()
This reserved space isn't committed yet but cannot be used for allocations.
For userspace it has no difference from used space. XFS already does this.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Fixes: 689c958cbe ("ext4: add project quota support")
Now ->max_namelen() is only called to limit the filename length when
adding NUL padding, and only for real filenames -- not symlink targets.
It also didn't give the correct length for symlink targets anyway since
it forgot to subtract 'sizeof(struct fscrypt_symlink_data)'.
Thus, change ->max_namelen from a function to a simple 'unsigned int'
that gives the filesystem's maximum filename length.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Use remove_proc_subtree to remove the whole subtree on cleanup, and
unwind the registration loop into individual calls. Switch to use
proc_create_seq where applicable.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
If fs is frozen after mount and before the first file open, the
update of s_last_mounted bypasses freeze protection and prints out
a WARNING splat:
$ mount /vdf
$ fsfreeze -f /vdf
$ cat /vdf/foo
[ 31.578555] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1415 at
fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.c:53 ext4_journal_check_start+0x48/0x82
[ 31.614016] Call Trace:
[ 31.614997] __ext4_journal_start_sb+0xe4/0x1a4
[ 31.616771] ? ext4_file_open+0xb6/0x189
[ 31.618094] ext4_file_open+0xb6/0x189
If fs is frozen, skip s_last_mounted update.
[backport hint: to apply to stable tree, need to apply also patches
vfs: add the sb_start_intwrite_trylock() helper
ext4: factor out helper ext4_sample_last_mounted()]
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: bc0b0d6d69 ("ext4: update the s_last_mounted field in the superblock")
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Currently in ext4_punch_hole we're going to skip the mtime update if
there are no actual blocks to release. However we've actually modified
the file by zeroing the partial block so the mtime should be updated.
Moreover the sync and datasync handling is skipped as well, which is
also wrong. Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reported-by: Joe Habermann <joe.habermann@quantum.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
The Linux VFS does not allow a way to set append/immuttable
attributes to symlinks, this is just not possible. If this is
detected inform the user as the filesystem must be corrupted.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Use new return type vm_fault_t for fault handler. For now,
this is just documenting that the function returns a
VM_FAULT value rather than an errno. Once all instances are
converted, vm_fault_t will become a distinct type.
commit 1c8f422059 ("mm: change return type to vm_fault_t")
Signed-off-by: Souptick Joarder <jrdr.linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
When ext4_ind_map_blocks() computes a length of a hole, it doesn't count
with the fact that mapped offset may be somewhere in the middle of the
completely empty subtree. In such case it will return too large length
of the hole which then results in lseek(SEEK_DATA) to end up returning
an incorrect offset beyond the end of the hole.
Fix the problem by correctly taking offset within a subtree into account
when computing a length of a hole.
Fixes: facab4d971
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
There are still some cases that we missed to set
block bitmaps corrupted bit properly:
1) block bitmap number is wrong.
2) failed to read block bitmap due to disk errors.
3) double free block bitmaps..
4) some mismatch check with bitmaps vs buddy information.
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <bo.liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Reviewed-by: Liu Bo <bo.liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
There are still some cases that we missed to set
block bitmaps corrupted bit properly:
1)inode bitmap number is wrong.
2)failed to read block bitmap due to disk errors.
3)double allocations from bitmap
Also remove a duplicated call ext4_error() afer
ext4_read_inode_bitmap(), as ext4_error() have been
called inside ext4_read_inode_bitmap() properly.
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Since there are many places to set inode/block bitmap
corrupt bit, add a new helper for it, which will make
codes more clear.
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
The only reason that sb_getblk() could fail is out of memory,
ext4 codes have returned -ENOMME for all other places except this
one, let's fix it here too.
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
For anything NFS-exported we do _not_ want to unlock new inode
before it has grown an alias; original set of fixes got the
ordering right, but missed the nasty complication in case of
lockdep being enabled - unlock_new_inode() does
lockdep_annotate_inode_mutex_key(inode)
which can only be done before anyone gets a chance to touch
->i_mutex. Unfortunately, flipping the order and doing
unlock_new_inode() before d_instantiate() opens a window when
mkdir can race with open-by-fhandle on a guessed fhandle, leading
to multiple aliases for a directory inode and all the breakage
that follows from that.
Correct solution: a new primitive (d_instantiate_new())
combining these two in the right order - lockdep annotate, then
d_instantiate(), then the rest of unlock_new_inode(). All
combinations of d_instantiate() with unlock_new_inode() should
be converted to that.
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 2.6.29 and later
Tested-by: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Currently, creating large xattr (e.g. 2k) in ea_inode would cause
ea_inode refcount corruption, e.g.
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Extended attribute inode 13 ref count is 0, should be 1. Fix? no
This is because that we save the lower 32bit of refcount in
inode->i_version and store it in raw_inode->i_disk_version on disk.
But since commit ee73f9a52a ("ext4: convert to new i_version
API"), we load/store modified i_disk_version from/to disk instead of
raw value, which causes on-disk ea_inode refcount corruption.
Fix it by loading/storing raw i_version/i_disk_version, because it's
a self-managed value in this case.
Fixes: ee73f9a52a ("ext4: convert to new i_version API")
Cc: Tahsin Erdogan <tahsin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Eryu Guan <guaneryu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
I hit ENOSPC error when creating new file in a newly created ext4
with ea_inode feature enabled, if selinux is enabled and ext4 is
mounted without any selinux context. e.g.
mkfs -t ext4 -O ea_inode -F /dev/sda5
mount /dev/sda5 /mnt/ext4
touch /mnt/ext4/testfile # got ENOSPC here
It turns out that we run out of journal credits in
ext4_xattr_set_handle() when creating new selinux label for the
newly created inode.
This is because that in __ext4_new_inode() we use
__ext4_xattr_set_credits() to calculate the reserved credits for new
xattr, with the 'is_create' argument being true, which implies less
credits in the ea_inode case. But we calculate the required credits
in ext4_xattr_set_handle() with 'is_create' being false, which means
we need more credits if ea_inode feature is enabled. So we don't
have enough credits and error out with ENOSPC.
Fix it by simply calling ext4_xattr_set_handle() with XATTR_CREATE
flag in ext4_initxattrs(), so we end up with requiring less credits
than reserved. The semantic of XATTR_CREATE is "Perform a pure
create, which fails if the named attribute exists already." (from
setxattr(2)), which is fine in this case, because we only call
ext4_initxattrs() on newly created inode.
Fixes: af65207c76 ("ext4: fix __ext4_new_inode() journal credits calculation")
Cc: Tahsin Erdogan <tahsin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Eryu Guan <guaneryu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Since function ‘ext4_getfsmap_find_fixed_metadata’ can be made static,
make it so. Remove the following gcc warning (W=1):
fs/ext4/fsmap.c:405:5: warning: no previous prototype for ‘ext4_getfsmap_find_fixed_metadata’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Currently, fscrypt provides fscrypt_decrypt_bio_pages() which decrypts a
bio's pages asynchronously, then unlocks them afterwards. But, this
assumes that decryption is the last "postprocessing step" for the bio,
so it's incompatible with additional postprocessing steps such as
authenticity verification after decryption.
Therefore, rename the existing fscrypt_decrypt_bio_pages() to
fscrypt_enqueue_decrypt_bio(). Then, add fscrypt_decrypt_bio() which
decrypts the pages in the bio synchronously without unlocking the pages,
nor setting them Uptodate; and add fscrypt_enqueue_decrypt_work(), which
enqueues work on the fscrypt_read_workqueue. The new functions will be
used by filesystems that support both fscrypt and fs-verity.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 fixes from Ted Ts'o:
"Fix misc bugs and a regression for ext4"
* tag 'for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
ext4: add MODULE_SOFTDEP to ensure crc32c is included in the initramfs
ext4: fix bitmap position validation
ext4: set h_journal if there is a failure starting a reserved handle
ext4: prevent right-shifting extents beyond EXT_MAX_BLOCKS
Currently in ext4_valid_block_bitmap() we expect the bitmap to be
positioned anywhere between 0 and s_blocksize clusters, but that's
wrong because the bitmap can be placed anywhere in the block group. This
causes false positives when validating bitmaps on perfectly valid file
system layouts. Fix it by checking whether the bitmap is within the group
boundary.
The problem can be reproduced using the following
mkfs -t ext3 -E stride=256 /dev/vdb1
mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt/test
cd /mnt/test
wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.16.3.tar.xz
tar xf linux-4.16.3.tar.xz
This will result in the warnings in the logs
EXT4-fs error (device vdb1): ext4_validate_block_bitmap:399: comm tar: bg 84: block 2774529: invalid block bitmap
[ Changed slightly for clarity and to not drop a overflow test -- TYT ]
Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reported-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
Fixes: 7dac4a1726 ("ext4: add validity checks for bitmap block numbers")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
During the "insert range" fallocate operation, extents starting at the
range offset are shifted "right" (to a higher file offset) by the range
length. But, as shown by syzbot, it's not validated that this doesn't
cause extents to be shifted beyond EXT_MAX_BLOCKS. In that case
->ee_block can wrap around, corrupting the extent tree.
Fix it by returning an error if the space between the end of the last
extent and EXT4_MAX_BLOCKS is smaller than the range being inserted.
This bug can be reproduced by running the following commands when the
current directory is on an ext4 filesystem with a 4k block size:
fallocate -l 8192 file
fallocate --keep-size -o 0xfffffffe000 -l 4096 -n file
fallocate --insert-range -l 8192 file
Then after unmounting the filesystem, e2fsck reports corruption.
Reported-by: syzbot+06c885be0edcdaeab40c@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Fixes: 331573febb ("ext4: Add support FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE for fallocate")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.2+
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
* A rework of the filesytem-dax implementation provides for detection of
unmap operations (truncate / hole punch) colliding with in-progress
device-DMA. A fix for these collisions remains a work-in-progress
pending resolution of truncate latency and starvation regressions.
* The of_pmem driver expands the users of libnvdimm outside of x86 and
ACPI to describe an implementation of persistent memory on PowerPC with
Open Firmware / Device tree.
* Address Range Scrub (ARS) handling is completely rewritten to account for
the fact that ARS may run for 100s of seconds and there is no platform
defined way to cancel it. ARS will now no longer block namespace
initialization.
* The NVDIMM Namespace Label implementation is updated to handle label
areas as small as 1K, down from 128K.
* Miscellaneous cleanups and updates to unit test infrastructure.
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Merge tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm
Pull libnvdimm updates from Dan Williams:
"This cycle was was not something I ever want to repeat as there were
several late changes that have only now just settled.
Half of the branch up to commit d2c997c0f1 ("fs, dax: use
page->mapping to warn...") have been in -next for several releases.
The of_pmem driver and the address range scrub rework were late
arrivals, and the dax work was scaled back at the last moment.
The of_pmem driver missed a previous merge window due to an oversight.
A sense of obligation to rectify that miss is why it is included for
4.17. It has acks from PowerPC folks. Stephen reported a build failure
that only occurs when merging it with your latest tree, for now I have
fixed that up by disabling modular builds of of_pmem. A test merge
with your tree has received a build success report from the 0day robot
over 156 configs.
An initial version of the ARS rework was submitted before the merge
window. It is self contained to libnvdimm, a net code reduction, and
passing all unit tests.
The filesystem-dax changes are based on the wait_var_event()
functionality from tip/sched/core. However, late review feedback
showed that those changes regressed truncate performance to a large
degree. The branch was rewound to drop the truncate behavior change
and now only includes preparation patches and cleanups (with full acks
and reviews). The finalization of this dax-dma-vs-trnucate work will
need to wait for 4.18.
Summary:
- A rework of the filesytem-dax implementation provides for detection
of unmap operations (truncate / hole punch) colliding with
in-progress device-DMA. A fix for these collisions remains a
work-in-progress pending resolution of truncate latency and
starvation regressions.
- The of_pmem driver expands the users of libnvdimm outside of x86
and ACPI to describe an implementation of persistent memory on
PowerPC with Open Firmware / Device tree.
- Address Range Scrub (ARS) handling is completely rewritten to
account for the fact that ARS may run for 100s of seconds and there
is no platform defined way to cancel it. ARS will now no longer
block namespace initialization.
- The NVDIMM Namespace Label implementation is updated to handle
label areas as small as 1K, down from 128K.
- Miscellaneous cleanups and updates to unit test infrastructure"
* tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm: (39 commits)
libnvdimm, of_pmem: workaround OF_NUMA=n build error
nfit, address-range-scrub: add module option to skip initial ars
nfit, address-range-scrub: rework and simplify ARS state machine
nfit, address-range-scrub: determine one platform max_ars value
powerpc/powernv: Create platform devs for nvdimm buses
doc/devicetree: Persistent memory region bindings
libnvdimm: Add device-tree based driver
libnvdimm: Add of_node to region and bus descriptors
libnvdimm, region: quiet region probe
libnvdimm, namespace: use a safe lookup for dimm device name
libnvdimm, dimm: fix dpa reservation vs uninitialized label area
libnvdimm, testing: update the default smart ctrl_temperature
libnvdimm, testing: Add emulation for smart injection commands
nfit, address-range-scrub: introduce nfit_spa->ars_state
libnvdimm: add an api to cast a 'struct nd_region' to its 'struct device'
nfit, address-range-scrub: fix scrub in-progress reporting
dax, dm: allow device-mapper to operate without dax support
dax: introduce CONFIG_DAX_DRIVER
fs, dax: use page->mapping to warn if truncate collides with a busy page
ext2, dax: introduce ext2_dax_aops
...
A malicious user could force the directory pointer to be in an invalid
spot by using seekdir(2). Use the mechanism we already have to notice
if the directory has changed since the last time we called
ext4_readdir() to force a revalidation of the pointer.
Reported-by: syzbot+1236ce66f79263e8a862@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Add explicit checks in ext4_xattr_block_get() just in case the
e_value_offs and e_value_size fields in the the xattr block are
corrupted in memory after the buffer_verified bit is set on the xattr
block.
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Add some paranoia checks to make sure we don't stray beyond the end of
the valid memory region containing ext4 xattr entries while we are
scanning for a match.
Also rename the function to xattr_find_entry() since it is static and
thus only used in fs/ext4/xattr.c
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Refactor the call to EXT4_ERROR_INODE() into ext4_xattr_check_block().
This simplifies the code, and fixes a problem where not all callers of
ext4_xattr_check_block() were not resulting in ext4_error() getting
called when the xattr block is corrupted.
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
In preparation for the dax implementation to start associating dax pages
to inodes via page->mapping, we need to provide a 'struct
address_space_operations' instance for dax. Otherwise, direct-I/O
triggers incorrect page cache assumptions and warnings.
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca>
Cc: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Previously, mount -l would show data=<mode> even if the ext4 default
journaling mode was being used. Change this to be consistent with the
rest of the options.
Ext4 already did the right thing when the journaling mode being used
matched the one specified in the superblock's default mount options. The
reason it failed to do the right thing for the ext4 defaults is that,
when set, they were never included in sbi->s_def_mount_opt (unlike the
superblock's defaults, which were).
Signed-off-by: Tyson Nottingham <tgnottingham@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Don't show init_itable=n in /proc/fs/ext4/<dev>/options when filesystem
is mounted with noinit_itable.
Signed-off-by: Tyson Nottingham <tgnottingham@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Previously, /proc/fs/ext4/<dev>/options would only show binary options
if they were set (1 in the options bit mask). E.g. it would show "grpid"
if it was set, but it would not show "nogrpid" if grpid was not set.
This seems sensible, but when an option is absent from the file, it can
be hard for the unfamiliar to know what is being used. E.g. if there
isn't a (no)grpid entry, nogrpid is in effect. But if there isn't a
(no)auto_da_alloc entry, auto_da_alloc is in effect. If there isn't a
(minixdf|bsddf) entry, it turns out bsddf is in effect. It all depends
on how the option is implemented.
It's clearer to be explicit, so print the corresponding option
regardless of whether it means a 1 or a 0 in the bit mask.
Note that options which do not have an explicit disable option aren't
indicated as being disabled even with this change (e.g. dax).
Signed-off-by: Tyson Nottingham <tgnottingham@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Replace kset with generic kobject provided by kobject_create_and_add(),
since the latter is sufficient.
Signed-off-by: Tyson Nottingham <tgnottingham@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Make cleanup of ext4_feat kobject consistent with similar objects.
Signed-off-by: Tyson Nottingham <tgnottingham@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Vasily Averin