mirror of https://gitee.com/openkylin/linux.git
222 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
Vlastimil Babka
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fdd048e12c |
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Vlastimil Babka
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a34753d275 |
mm, compaction: reduce spurious pcplist drains
Compaction drains the local pcplists each time migration scanner moves away from a cc->order aligned block where it isolated pages for migration, so that the pages freed by migrations can merge into higher orders. The detection is currently coarser than it could be. The cc->last_migrated_pfn variable should track the lowest pfn that was isolated for migration. But it is set to the pfn where isolate_migratepages_block() starts scanning, which is typically the first pfn of the pageblock. There, the scanner might fail to isolate several order-aligned blocks, and then isolate COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX in another block. This would cause the pcplists drain to be performed, although the scanner didn't yet finish the block where it isolated from. This patch thus makes cc->last_migrated_pfn handling more accurate by setting it to the pfn of an actually isolated page in isolate_migratepages_block(). Although practical effects of this patch are likely low, it arguably makes the intent of the code more obvious. Also the next patch will make async direct compaction skip blocks more aggressively, and draining pcplists due to skipped blocks is wasteful. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
06b6640a39 |
mm, compaction: wrap calculating first and last pfn of pageblock
Compaction code has accumulated numerous instances of manual calculations of the first (inclusive) and last (exclusive) pfn of a pageblock (or a smaller block of given order), given a pfn within the pageblock. Wrap these calculations by introducing pageblock_start_pfn(pfn) and pageblock_end_pfn(pfn) macros. [vbabka@suse.cz: fix crash in get_pfnblock_flags_mask() from isolate_freepages():] Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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172400c69c |
mm: fix kcompactd hang during memory offlining
Assume memory47 is the last online block left in node1. This will hang:
# echo offline > /sys/devices/system/node/node1/memory47/state
After a couple of minutes, the following pops up in dmesg:
INFO: task bash:957 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
Not tainted 4.6.0-rc6+ #6
"echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
bash D ffff8800b7adbaf8 0 957 951 0x00000000
Call Trace:
schedule+0x35/0x80
schedule_timeout+0x1ac/0x270
wait_for_completion+0xe1/0x120
kthread_stop+0x4f/0x110
kcompactd_stop+0x26/0x40
__offline_pages.constprop.28+0x7e6/0x840
offline_pages+0x11/0x20
memory_block_action+0x73/0x1d0
memory_subsys_offline+0x47/0x60
device_offline+0x86/0xb0
store_mem_state+0xda/0xf0
dev_attr_store+0x18/0x30
sysfs_kf_write+0x37/0x40
kernfs_fop_write+0x11d/0x170
__vfs_write+0x37/0x120
vfs_write+0xa9/0x1a0
SyS_write+0x55/0xc0
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1a/0xa4
kcompactd is waiting for kcompactd_max_order > 0 when it's woken up to
actually exit. Check kthread_should_stop() to break out of the wait.
Fixes:
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Hugh Dickins
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14af4a5e9b |
mm, cma: prevent nr_isolated_* counters from going negative
/proc/sys/vm/stat_refresh warns nr_isolated_anon and nr_isolated_file go
increasingly negative under compaction: which would add delay when
should be none, or no delay when should delay. The bug in compaction
was due to a recent mmotm patch, but much older instance of the bug was
also noticed in isolate_migratepages_range() which is used for CMA and
gigantic hugepage allocations.
The bug is caused by putback_movable_pages() in an error path
decrementing the isolated counters without them being previously
incremented by acct_isolated(). Fix isolate_migratepages_range() by
removing the error-path putback, thus reaching acct_isolated() with
migratepages still isolated, and leaving putback to caller like most
other places do.
Fixes:
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Vlastimil Babka
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accf62422b |
mm, kswapd: replace kswapd compaction with waking up kcompactd
Similarly to direct reclaim/compaction, kswapd attempts to combine
reclaim and compaction to attempt making memory allocation of given
order available.
The details differ from direct reclaim e.g. in having high watermark as
a goal. The code involved in kswapd's reclaim/compaction decisions has
evolved to be quite complex.
Testing reveals that it doesn't actually work in at least one scenario,
and closer inspection suggests that it could be greatly simplified
without compromising on the goal (make high-order page available) or
efficiency (don't reclaim too much). The simplification relieas of
doing all compaction in kcompactd, which is simply woken up when high
watermarks are reached by kswapd's reclaim.
The scenario where kswapd compaction doesn't work was found with mmtests
test stress-highalloc configured to attempt order-9 allocations without
direct reclaim, just waking up kswapd. There was no compaction attempt
from kswapd during the whole test. Some added instrumentation shows
what happens:
- balance_pgdat() sets end_zone to Normal, as it's not balanced
- reclaim is attempted on DMA zone, which sets nr_attempted to 99, but
it cannot reclaim anything, so sc.nr_reclaimed is 0
- for zones DMA32 and Normal, kswapd_shrink_zone uses testorder=0, so
it merely checks if high watermarks were reached for base pages.
This is true, so no reclaim is attempted. For DMA, testorder=0
wasn't used, as compaction_suitable() returned COMPACT_SKIPPED
- even though the pgdat_needs_compaction flag wasn't set to false, no
compaction happens due to the condition sc.nr_reclaimed >
nr_attempted being false (as 0 < 99)
- priority-- due to nr_reclaimed being 0, repeat until priority reaches
0 pgdat_balanced() is false as only the small zone DMA appears
balanced (curiously in that check, watermark appears OK and
compaction_suitable() returns COMPACT_PARTIAL, because a lower
classzone_idx is used there)
Now, even if it was decided that reclaim shouldn't be attempted on the
DMA zone, the scenario would be the same, as (sc.nr_reclaimed=0 >
nr_attempted=0) is also false. The condition really should use >= as
the comment suggests. Then there is a mismatch in the check for setting
pgdat_needs_compaction to false using low watermark, while the rest uses
high watermark, and who knows what other subtlety. Hopefully this
demonstrates that this is unsustainable.
Luckily we can simplify this a lot. The reclaim/compaction decisions
make sense for direct reclaim scenario, but in kswapd, our primary goal
is to reach high watermark in order-0 pages. Afterwards we can attempt
compaction just once. Unlike direct reclaim, we don't reclaim extra
pages (over the high watermark), the current code already disallows it
for good reasons.
After this patch, we simply wake up kcompactd to process the pgdat,
after we have either succeeded or failed to reach the high watermarks in
kswapd, which goes to sleep. We pass kswapd's order and classzone_idx,
so kcompactd can apply the same criteria to determine which zones are
worth compacting. Note that we use the classzone_idx from
wakeup_kswapd(), not balanced_classzone_idx which can include higher
zones that kswapd tried to balance too, but didn't consider them in
pgdat_balanced().
Since kswapd now cannot create high-order pages itself, we need to
adjust how it determines the zones to be balanced. The key element here
is adding a "highorder" parameter to zone_balanced, which, when set to
false, makes it consider only order-0 watermark instead of the desired
higher order (this was done previously by kswapd_shrink_zone(), but not
elsewhere). This false is passed for example in pgdat_balanced().
Importantly, wakeup_kswapd() uses true to make sure kswapd and thus
kcompactd are woken up for a high-order allocation failure.
The last thing is to decide what to do with pageblock_skip bitmap
handling. Compaction maintains a pageblock_skip bitmap to record
pageblocks where isolation recently failed. This bitmap can be reset by
three ways:
1) direct compaction is restarting after going through the full deferred cycle
2) kswapd goes to sleep, and some other direct compaction has previously
finished scanning the whole zone and set zone->compact_blockskip_flush.
Note that a successful direct compaction clears this flag.
3) compaction was invoked manually via trigger in /proc
The case 2) is somewhat fuzzy to begin with, but after introducing
kcompactd we should update it. The check for direct compaction in 1),
and to set the flush flag in 2) use current_is_kswapd(), which doesn't
work for kcompactd. Thus, this patch adds bool direct_compaction to
compact_control to use in 2). For the case 1) we remove the check
completely - unlike the former kswapd compaction, kcompactd does use the
deferred compaction functionality, so flushing tied to restarting from
deferred compaction makes sense here.
Note that when kswapd goes to sleep, kcompactd is woken up, so it will
see the flushed pageblock_skip bits. This is different from when the
former kswapd compaction observed the bits and I believe it makes more
sense. Kcompactd can afford to be more thorough than a direct
compaction trying to limit allocation latency, or kswapd whose primary
goal is to reclaim.
For testing, I used stress-highalloc configured to do order-9
allocations with GFP_NOWAIT|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP, so they relied just
on kswapd/kcompactd reclaim/compaction (the interfering kernel builds in
phases 1 and 2 work as usual):
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Success 1 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 1 Mean 1.40 ( 0.00%) 6.20 (-55.00%)
Success 1 Max 2.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 2 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 2 Mean 1.80 ( 0.00%) 6.40 (-52.38%)
Success 2 Max 3.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 3 Min 34.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 1.59%)
Success 3 Mean 41.80 ( 0.00%) 63.80 ( 1.24%)
Success 3 Max 53.00 ( 0.00%) 65.00 ( 2.99%)
User 3166.67 3181.09
System 1153.37 1158.25
Elapsed 1768.53 1799.37
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Direct pages scanned 32938 32797
Kswapd pages scanned 2183166 2202613
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2152359 2143524
Direct pages reclaimed 32735 32545
Percentage direct scans 1% 1%
THP fault alloc 579 612
THP collapse alloc 304 316
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 793 778
THP collapse fail 11 16
Compaction stalls 1013 1007
Compaction success 92 67
Compaction failures 920 939
Page migrate success 238457 721374
Page migrate failure 23021 23469
Compaction pages isolated 504695 1479924
Compaction migrate scanned 661390 8812554
Compaction free scanned 13476658 84327916
Compaction cost 262 838
After this patch we see improvements in allocation success rate
(especially for phase 3) along with increased compaction activity. The
compaction stalls (direct compaction) in the interfering kernel builds
(probably THP's) also decreased somewhat thanks to kcompactd activity,
yet THP alloc successes improved a bit.
Note that elapsed and user time isn't so useful for this benchmark,
because of the background interference being unpredictable. It's just
to quickly spot some major unexpected differences. System time is
somewhat more useful and that didn't increase.
Also (after adjusting mmtests' ftrace monitor):
Time kswapd awake 2547781 2269241
Time kcompactd awake 0 119253
Time direct compacting 939937 557649
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 119099
The decrease of overal time spent compacting appears to not match the
increased compaction stats. I suspect the tasks get rescheduled and
since the ftrace monitor doesn't see that, the reported time is wall
time, not CPU time. But arguably direct compactors care about overall
latency anyway, whether busy compacting or waiting for CPU doesn't
matter. And that latency seems to almost halved.
It's also interesting how much time kswapd spent awake just going
through all the priorities and failing to even try compacting, over and
over.
We can also configure stress-highalloc to perform both direct
reclaim/compaction and wakeup kswapd/kcompactd, by using
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP:
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Success 1 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 1 Mean 8.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-19.05%)
Success 1 Max 12.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 15.38%)
Success 2 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 2 Mean 8.20 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-16.28%)
Success 2 Max 13.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 8.33%)
Success 3 Min 75.00 ( 0.00%) 74.00 ( 1.33%)
Success 3 Mean 75.60 ( 0.00%) 75.20 ( 0.53%)
Success 3 Max 77.00 ( 0.00%) 76.00 ( 0.00%)
User 3344.73 3246.04
System 1194.24 1172.29
Elapsed 1838.04 1836.76
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Direct pages scanned 125146 120966
Kswapd pages scanned 2119757 2135012
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2073183 2108388
Direct pages reclaimed 124909 120577
Percentage direct scans 5% 5%
THP fault alloc 599 652
THP collapse alloc 323 354
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 806 793
THP collapse fail 17 16
Compaction stalls 2457 2025
Compaction success 906 518
Compaction failures 1551 1507
Page migrate success 2031423 2360608
Page migrate failure 32845 40852
Compaction pages isolated
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Vlastimil Babka
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698b1b3064 |
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts: - kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure - direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP page fault attemps - khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage - manually from /proc The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter purpose is more The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks: - compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of keeping memory fragmentation low. - direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes. - (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP. - kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later order-0 request. To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations (including hugepages) somewhat proactively. One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical than high-order ones. Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a single instance and tied to THP configs. This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory hotplug hooks. For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality. Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no allocation latency to minimize. This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with the old approach. Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and follows these rules: - we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd - if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep - the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd. [arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd] [paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code] Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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7cf91a98e6 |
mm/compaction: speed up pageblock_pfn_to_page() when zone is contiguous
There is a performance drop report due to hugepage allocation and in there half of cpu time are spent on pageblock_pfn_to_page() in compaction [1]. In that workload, compaction is triggered to make hugepage but most of pageblocks are un-available for compaction due to pageblock type and skip bit so compaction usually fails. Most costly operations in this case is to find valid pageblock while scanning whole zone range. To check if pageblock is valid to compact, valid pfn within pageblock is required and we can obtain it by calling pageblock_pfn_to_page(). This function checks whether pageblock is in a single zone and return valid pfn if possible. Problem is that we need to check it every time before scanning pageblock even if we re-visit it and this turns out to be very expensive in this workload. Although we have no way to skip this pageblock check in the system where hole exists at arbitrary position, we can use cached value for zone continuity and just do pfn_to_page() in the system where hole doesn't exist. This optimization considerably speeds up in above workload. Before vs After Max: 1096 MB/s vs 1325 MB/s Min: 635 MB/s 1015 MB/s Avg: 899 MB/s 1194 MB/s Avg is improved by roughly 30% [2]. [1]: http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg97378.html [2]: https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/12/9/23 [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't forget to restore zone->contiguous on error path, per Vlastimil] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Reported-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Tested-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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e1409c325f |
mm/compaction: pass only pageblock aligned range to pageblock_pfn_to_page
pageblock_pfn_to_page() is used to check there is valid pfn and all pages in the pageblock is in a single zone. If there is a hole in the pageblock, passing arbitrary position to pageblock_pfn_to_page() could cause to skip whole pageblock scanning, instead of just skipping the hole page. For deterministic behaviour, it's better to always pass pageblock aligned range to pageblock_pfn_to_page(). It will also help further optimization on pageblock_pfn_to_page() in the following patch. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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623446e4dc |
mm/compaction: fix invalid free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn
free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn are the pointer that remember restart position of freepage scanner. When they are reset or invalid, we set them to zone_end_pfn because freepage scanner works in reverse direction. But, because zone range is defined as [zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn), zone_end_pfn is invalid to access. Therefore, we should not store it to free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn. Instead, we need to store zone_end_pfn - 1 to them. There is one more thing we should consider. Freepage scanner scan reversely by pageblock unit. If free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn are set to middle of pageblock, it regards that sitiation as that it already scans front part of pageblock so we lose opportunity to scan there. To fix-up, this patch do round_down() to guarantee that reset position will be pageblock aligned. Note that thanks to the current pageblock_pfn_to_page() implementation, actual access to zone_end_pfn doesn't happen until now. But, following patch will change pageblock_pfn_to_page() so this patch is needed from now on. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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7546934570 |
mm/compaction.c: __compact_pgdat() code cleanuup
This patch uses is_via_compact_memory() to distinguish compaction from sysfs or sysctl. And, this patch also reduces indentation on compaction_defer_reset() by filtering these cases first before checking watermark. There is no functional change. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Yaowei Bai
|
fec4eb2c8d |
mm/compaction: improve comment for compact_memory tunable knob handler
sysctl_compaction_handler() is the handler function for compact_memory tunable knob under /proc/sys/vm, add the missing knob name to make this more accurate in comment. No functional change. Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
2d1e10412c |
mm, compaction: distinguish contended status in tracepoints
Compaction returns prematurely with COMPACT_PARTIAL when contended or has fatal signal pending. This is ok for the callers, but might be misleading in the traces, as the usual reason to return COMPACT_PARTIAL is that we think the allocation should succeed. After this patch we distinguish the premature ending condition in the mm_compaction_finished and mm_compaction_end tracepoints. The contended status covers the following reasons: - lock contention or need_resched() detected in async compaction - fatal signal pending - too many pages isolated in the zone (only for async compaction) Further distinguishing the exact reason seems unnecessary for now. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
fa6c7b46aa |
mm, compaction: export tracepoints status strings to userspace
Some compaction tracepoints convert the integer return values to strings using the compaction_status_string array. This works for in-kernel printing, but not userspace trace printing of raw captured trace such as via trace-cmd report. This patch converts the private array to appropriate tracepoint macros that result in proper userspace support. trace-cmd output before: transhuge-stres-4235 [000] 453.149280: mm_compaction_finished: node=0 zone=ffffffff81815d7a order=9 ret= after: transhuge-stres-4235 [000] 453.149280: mm_compaction_finished: node=0 zone=ffffffff81815d7a order=9 ret=partial Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Yaowei Bai
|
21c527a3cb |
mm/compaction.c: add an is_via_compact_memory() helper
Introduce is_via_compact_memory() helper indicating compacting via /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory to improve readability. To catch this situation in __compaction_suitable, use order as parameter directly instead of using struct compact_control. This patch has no functional changes. Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <bywxiaobai@163.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
1a16718cf7 |
mm/compaction: correct to flush migrated pages if pageblock skip happens
We cache isolate_start_pfn before entering isolate_migratepages(). If pageblock is skipped in isolate_migratepages() due to whatever reason, cc->migrate_pfn can be far from isolate_start_pfn hence we flush pages that were freed. For example, the following scenario can be possible: - assume order-9 compaction, pageblock order is 9 - start_isolate_pfn is 0x200 - isolate_migratepages() - skip a number of pageblocks - start to isolate from pfn 0x600 - cc->migrate_pfn = 0x620 - return - last_migrated_pfn is set to 0x200 - check flushing condition - current_block_start is set to 0x600 - last_migrated_pfn < current_block_start then do useless flush This wrong flush would not help the performance and success rate so this patch tries to fix it. One simple way to know the exact position where we start to isolate migratable pages is that we cache it in isolate_migratepages() before entering actual isolation. This patch implements that and fixes the problem. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
9fcd6d2e05 |
mm, compaction: skip compound pages by order in free scanner
The compaction free scanner is looking for PageBuddy() pages and skipping all others. For large compound pages such as THP or hugetlbfs, we can save a lot of iterations if we skip them at once using their compound_order(). This is generally unsafe and we can read a bogus value of order due to a race, but if we are careful, the only danger is skipping too much. When tested with stress-highalloc from mmtests on 4GB system with 1GB hugetlbfs pages, the vmstat compact_free_scanned count decreased by at least 15%. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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29c0dde830 |
mm, compaction: always skip all compound pages by order in migrate scanner
The compaction migrate scanner tries to skip THP pages by their order,
to reduce number of iterations for pages it cannot isolate. The check
is only done if PageLRU() is true, which means it applies to THP pages,
but not e.g. hugetlbfs pages or any other non-LRU compound pages, which
we have to iterate by base pages.
This limitation comes from the assumption that it's only safe to read
compound_order() when we have the zone's lru_lock and THP cannot be
split under us. But the only danger (after filtering out order values
that are not below MAX_ORDER, to prevent overflows) is that we skip too
much or too little after reading a bogus compound_order() due to a rare
race. This is the same reasoning as patch
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Vlastimil Babka
|
02333641e2 |
mm, compaction: encapsulate resetting cached scanner positions
Reseting the cached compaction scanner positions is now open-coded in __reset_isolation_suitable() and compact_finished(). Encapsulate the functionality in a new function reset_cached_positions(). Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
f5f61a320b |
mm, compaction: simplify handling restart position in free pages scanner
Handling the position where compaction free scanner should restart
(stored in cc->free_pfn) got more complex with commit
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Vlastimil Babka
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f2849aa09d |
mm, compaction: more robust check for scanners meeting
Assorted compaction cleanups and optimizations. The interesting patches
are 4 and 5. In 4, skipping of compound pages in single iteration is
improved for migration scanner, so it works also for !PageLRU compound
pages such as hugetlbfs, slab etc. Patch 5 introduces this kind of
skipping in the free scanner. The trick is that we can read
compound_order() without any protection, if we are careful to filter out
values larger than MAX_ORDER. The only danger is that we skip too much.
The same trick was already used for reading the freepage order in the
migrate scanner.
To demonstrate improvements of Patches 4 and 5 I've run stress-highalloc
from mmtests, set to simulate THP allocations (including __GFP_COMP) on
a 4GB system where 1GB was occupied by hugetlbfs pages. I'll include
just the relevant stats:
Patch 3 Patch 4 Patch 5
Compaction stalls 7523 7529 7515
Compaction success 323 304 322
Compaction failures 7200 7224 7192
Page migrate success 247778 264395 240737
Page migrate failure 15358 33184 21621
Compaction pages isolated 906928 980192 909983
Compaction migrate scanned 2005277 1692805 1498800
Compaction free scanned 13255284 11539986 9011276
Compaction cost 288 305 277
With 5 iterations per patch, the results are still noisy, but we can see
that Patch 4 does reduce migrate_scanned by 15% thanks to skipping the
hugetlbfs pages at once. Interestingly, free_scanned is also reduced
and I have no idea why. Patch 5 further reduces free_scanned as
expected, by 15%. Other stats are unaffected modulo noise.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/1/19/158
This patch (of 5):
Compaction should finish when the migration and free scanner meet, i.e.
they reach the same pageblock. Currently however, the test in
compact_finished() simply just compares the exact pfns, which may yield
a false negative when the free scanner position is in the middle of a
pageblock and the migration scanner reaches the begining of the same
pageblock.
This hasn't been a problem until commit
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Andrew Morton
|
018e9a49a5 |
mm/compaction.c: fix "suitable_migration_target() unused" warning
mm/compaction.c:250:13: warning: 'suitable_migration_target' defined but not used [-Wunused-function] Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Gioh Kim
|
195b0c6080 |
mm/compaction: reset compaction scanner positions
When the compaction is activated via /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory it would better scan the whole zone. And some platforms, for instance ARM, have the start_pfn of a zone at zero. Therefore the first try to compact via /proc doesn't work. It needs to reset the compaction scanner position first. Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Eric B Munson
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5bbe3547aa |
mm: allow compaction of unevictable pages
Currently, pages which are marked as unevictable are protected from compaction, but not from other types of migration. The POSIX real time extension explicitly states that mlock() will prevent a major page fault, but the spirit of this is that mlock() should give a process the ability to control sources of latency, including minor page faults. However, the mlock manpage only explicitly says that a locked page will not be written to swap and this can cause some confusion. The compaction code today does not give a developer who wants to avoid swap but wants to have large contiguous areas available any method to achieve this state. This patch introduces a sysctl for controlling compaction behavior with respect to the unevictable lru. Users who demand no page faults after a page is present can set compact_unevictable_allowed to 0 and users who need the large contiguous areas can enable compaction on locked memory by leaving the default value of 1. To illustrate this problem I wrote a quick test program that mmaps a large number of 1MB files filled with random data. These maps are created locked and read only. Then every other mmap is unmapped and I attempt to allocate huge pages to the static huge page pool. When the compact_unevictable_allowed sysctl is 0, I cannot allocate hugepages after fragmenting memory. When the value is set to 1, allocations succeed. Signed-off-by: Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
2149cdaef6 |
mm/compaction: enhance compaction finish condition
Compaction has anti fragmentation algorithm. It is that freepage should be more than pageblock order to finish the compaction if we don't find any freepage in requested migratetype buddy list. This is for mitigating fragmentation, but, there is a lack of migratetype consideration and it is too excessive compared to page allocator's anti fragmentation algorithm. Not considering migratetype would cause premature finish of compaction. For example, if allocation request is for unmovable migratetype, freepage with CMA migratetype doesn't help that allocation and compaction should not be stopped. But, current logic regards this situation as compaction is no longer needed, so finish the compaction. Secondly, condition is too excessive compared to page allocator's logic. We can steal freepage from other migratetype and change pageblock migratetype on more relaxed conditions in page allocator. This is designed to prevent fragmentation and we can use it here. Imposing hard constraint only to the compaction doesn't help much in this case since page allocator would cause fragmentation again. To solve these problems, this patch borrows anti fragmentation logic from page allocator. It will reduce premature compaction finish in some cases and reduce excessive compaction work. stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows considerable increase of compaction success rate. Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %) 31.82 : 42.20 I tested it on non-reboot 5 runs stress-highalloc benchmark and found that there is no more degradation on allocation success rate than before. That roughly means that this patch doesn't result in more fragmentations. Vlastimil suggests additional idea that we only test for fallbacks when migration scanner has scanned a whole pageblock. It looked good for fragmentation because chance of stealing increase due to making more free pages in certain pageblock. So, I tested it, but, it results in decreased compaction success rate, roughly 38.00. I guess the reason that if system is low memory condition, watermark check could be failed due to not enough order 0 free page and so, sometimes, we can't reach a fallback check although migrate_pfn is aligned to pageblock_nr_pages. I can insert code to cope with this situation but it makes code more complicated so I don't include his idea at this patch. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_CMA=n build] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andrey Ryabinin
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b8c73fc249 |
mm: page_alloc: add kasan hooks on alloc and free paths
Add kernel address sanitizer hooks to mark allocated page's addresses as accessible in corresponding shadow region. Mark freed pages as inaccessible. Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Yuri Gribov <tetra2005@gmail.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Hugh Dickins
|
ff59909a07 |
mm: fix negative nr_isolated counts
The vmstat interfaces are good at hiding negative counts (at least when
CONFIG_SMP); but if you peer behind the curtain, you find that
nr_isolated_anon and nr_isolated_file soon go negative, and grow ever
more negative: so they can absorb larger and larger numbers of isolated
pages, yet still appear to be zero.
I'm happy to avoid a congestion_wait() when too_many_isolated() myself;
but I guess it's there for a good reason, in which case we ought to get
too_many_isolated() working again.
The imbalance comes from isolate_migratepages()'s ISOLATE_ABORT case:
putback_movable_pages() decrements the NR_ISOLATED counts, but we forgot
to call acct_isolated() to increment them.
It is possible that the bug whcih this patch fixes could cause OOM kills
when the system still has a lot of reclaimable page cache.
Fixes:
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Joonsoo Kim
|
932ff6bbbd |
mm/compaction: stop the isolation when we isolate enough freepage
Currently, freepage isolation in one pageblock doesn't consider how many freepages we isolate. When I traced flow of compaction, compaction sometimes isolates more than 256 freepages to migrate just 32 pages. In this patch, freepage isolation is stopped at the point that we have more isolated freepage than isolated page for migration. This results in slowing down free page scanner and make compaction success rate higher. stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows increase of compaction success rate. Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %) 27.13 : 31.82 pfn where both scanners meets on compaction complete (separate test due to enormous tracepoint buffer) (zone_start=4096, zone_end=1048576) 586034 : 654378 In fact, I didn't fully understand why this patch results in such good result. There was a guess that not used freepages are released to pcp list and on next compaction trial we won't isolate them again so compaction success rate would decrease. To prevent this effect, I tested with adding pcp drain code on release_freepages(), but, it has no good effect. Anyway, this patch reduces waste time to isolate unneeded freepages so seems reasonable. Vlastimil said: : I briefly tried it on top of the pivot-changing series and with order-9 : allocations it reduced free page scanned counter by almost 10%. No effect : on success rates (maybe because pivot changing already took care of the : scanners meeting problem) but the scanning reduction is good on its own. : : It also explains why |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
372549c2a3 |
mm/compaction: fix wrong order check in compact_finished()
What we want to check here is whether there is highorder freepage in buddy
list of other migratetype in order to steal it without fragmentation.
But, current code just checks cc->order which means allocation request
order. So, this is wrong.
Without this fix, non-movable synchronous compaction below pageblock order
would not stopped until compaction is complete, because migratetype of
most pageblocks are movable and high order freepage made by compaction is
usually on movable type buddy list.
There is some report related to this bug. See below link.
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg81666.html
Although the issued system still has load spike comes from compaction,
this makes that system completely stable and responsive according to his
report.
stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation
doesn't show any notable difference in allocation success rate, but, it
shows more compaction success rate.
Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %)
18.47 : 28.94
Fixes:
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Joonsoo Kim
|
24e2716f63 |
mm/compaction: add tracepoint to observe behaviour of compaction defer
Compaction deferring logic is heavy hammer that block the way to the compaction. It doesn't consider overall system state, so it could prevent user from doing compaction falsely. In other words, even if system has enough range of memory to compact, compaction would be skipped due to compaction deferring logic. This patch add new tracepoint to understand work of deferring logic. This will also help to check compaction success and fail. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
837d026d56 |
mm/compaction: more trace to understand when/why compaction start/finish
It is not well analyzed that when/why compaction start/finish or not. With these new tracepoints, we can know much more about start/finish reason of compaction. I can find following bug with these tracepoint. http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg81582.html Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
e34d85f0e3 |
mm/compaction: print current range where compaction work
It'd be useful to know current range where compaction work for detailed analysis. With it, we can know pageblock where we actually scan and isolate, and, how much pages we try in that pageblock and can guess why it doesn't become freepage with pageblock order roughly. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
16c4a097a0 |
mm/compaction: enhance tracepoint output for compaction begin/end
We now have tracepoint for begin event of compaction and it prints start position of both scanners, but, tracepoint for end event of compaction doesn't print finish position of both scanners. It'd be also useful to know finish position of both scanners so this patch add it. It will help to find odd behavior or problem on compaction internal logic. And mode is added to both begin/end tracepoint output, since according to mode, compaction behavior is quite different. And lastly, status format is changed to string rather than status number for readability. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix sparse warning] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
1a6d53a105 |
mm: reduce try_to_compact_pages parameters
Expand the usage of the struct alloc_context introduced in the previous patch also for calling try_to_compact_pages(), to reduce the number of its parameters. Since the function is in different compilation unit, we need to move alloc_context definition in the shared mm/internal.h header. With this change we get simpler code and small savings of code size and stack usage: add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-27 (-27) function old new delta __alloc_pages_direct_compact 283 256 -27 add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-13 (-13) function old new delta try_to_compact_pages 582 569 -13 Stack usage of __alloc_pages_direct_compact goes from 24 to none (per scripts/checkstack.pl). Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
fdaf7f5c40 |
mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining
The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through page migration. Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists are drained the pages can actually merge. This can happen due to the per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly. During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum. However the current implementation is far from ideal. Draining is done only in __alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted, and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was done without the last batch of migrations being merged. It is also missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists. This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone(). It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on unrelated zones. Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order). This means it is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next cc->order aligned block. The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests. Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled. This suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction. Since stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric. However after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier, reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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6bace090a2 |
mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit
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Vlastimil Babka
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f866979539 |
mm, compaction: defer only on COMPACT_COMPLETE
Deferred compaction is employed to avoid compacting zone where sync direct compaction has recently failed. As such, it makes sense to only defer when a full zone was scanned, which is when compact_zone returns with COMPACT_COMPLETE. It's less useful to defer when compact_zone returns with apparent success (COMPACT_PARTIAL), followed by a watermark check failure, which can happen due to parallel allocation activity. It also does not make much sense to defer compaction which was completely skipped (COMPACT_SKIP) for being unsuitable in the first place. This patch therefore makes deferred compaction trigger only when COMPACT_COMPLETE is returned from compact_zone(). Results of stress-highalloc becnmark show the difference is within measurement error, so the issue is rather cosmetic. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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97d47a65be |
mm, compaction: simplify deferred compaction
Since commit
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Vlastimil Babka
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ebff398017 |
mm, compaction: pass classzone_idx and alloc_flags to watermark checking
Compaction relies on zone watermark checks for decisions such as if it's worth to start compacting in compaction_suitable() or whether compaction should stop in compact_finished(). The watermark checks take classzone_idx and alloc_flags parameters, which are related to the memory allocation request. But from the context of compaction they are currently passed as 0, including the direct compaction which is invoked to satisfy the allocation request, and could therefore know the proper values. The lack of proper values can lead to mismatch between decisions taken during compaction and decisions related to the allocation request. Lack of proper classzone_idx value means that lowmem_reserve is not taken into account. This has manifested (during recent changes to deferred compaction) when DMA zone was used as fallback for preferred Normal zone. compaction_suitable() without proper classzone_idx would think that the watermarks are already satisfied, but watermark check in get_page_from_freelist() would fail. Because of this problem, deferring compaction has extra complexity that can be removed in the following patch. The issue (not confirmed in practice) with missing alloc_flags is opposite in nature. For allocations that include ALLOC_HIGH, ALLOC_HIGHER or ALLOC_CMA in alloc_flags (the last includes all MOVABLE allocations on CMA-enabled systems) the watermark checking in compaction with 0 passed will be stricter than in get_page_from_freelist(). In these cases compaction might be running for a longer time than is really needed. Another issue compaction_suitable() is that the check for "does the zone need compaction at all?" comes only after the check "does the zone have enough free free pages to succeed compaction". The latter considers extra pages for migration and can therefore in some situations fail and return COMPACT_SKIPPED, although the high-order allocation would succeed and we should return COMPACT_PARTIAL. This patch fixes these problems by adding alloc_flags and classzone_idx to struct compact_control and related functions involved in direct compaction and watermark checking. Where possible, all other callers of compaction_suitable() pass proper values where those are known. This is currently limited to classzone_idx, which is sometimes known in kswapd context. However, the direct reclaim callers should_continue_reclaim() and compaction_ready() do not currently know the proper values, so the coordination between reclaim and compaction may still not be as accurate as it could. This can be fixed later, if it's shown to be an issue. Additionaly the checks in compact_suitable() are reordered to address the second issue described above. The effect of this patch should be slightly better high-order allocation success rates and/or less compaction overhead, depending on the type of allocations and presence of CMA. It allows simplifying deferred compaction code in a followup patch. When testing with stress-highalloc, there was some slight improvement (which might be just due to variance) in success rates of non-THP-like allocations. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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1d5bfe1ffb |
mm, compaction: prevent infinite loop in compact_zone
Several people have reported occasionally seeing processes stuck in compact_zone(), even triggering soft lockups, in 3.18-rc2+. Testing a revert of commit |
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Joonsoo Kim
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5842001630 |
mm/compaction: skip the range until proper target pageblock is met
Commit
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Joonsoo Kim
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6ea41c0c0a |
mm/compaction.c: avoid premature range skip in isolate_migratepages_range
Commit
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Konstantin Khlebnikov
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d6d86c0a7f |
mm/balloon_compaction: redesign ballooned pages management
Sasha Levin reported KASAN splash inside isolate_migratepages_range(). Problem is in the function __is_movable_balloon_page() which tests AS_BALLOON_MAP in page->mapping->flags. This function has no protection against anonymous pages. As result it tried to check address space flags inside struct anon_vma. Further investigation shows more problems in current implementation: * Special branch in __unmap_and_move() never works: balloon_page_movable() checks page flags and page_count. In __unmap_and_move() page is locked, reference counter is elevated, thus balloon_page_movable() always fails. As a result execution goes to the normal migration path. virtballoon_migratepage() returns MIGRATEPAGE_BALLOON_SUCCESS instead of MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS, move_to_new_page() thinks this is an error code and assigns newpage->mapping to NULL. Newly migrated page lose connectivity with balloon an all ability for further migration. * lru_lock erroneously required in isolate_migratepages_range() for isolation ballooned page. This function releases lru_lock periodically, this makes migration mostly impossible for some pages. * balloon_page_dequeue have a tight race with balloon_page_isolate: balloon_page_isolate could be executed in parallel with dequeue between picking page from list and locking page_lock. Race is rare because they use trylock_page() for locking. This patch fixes all of them. Instead of fake mapping with special flag this patch uses special state of page->_mapcount: PAGE_BALLOON_MAPCOUNT_VALUE = -256. Buddy allocator uses PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE = -128 for similar purpose. Storing mark directly in struct page makes everything safer and easier. PagePrivate is used to mark pages present in page list (i.e. not isolated, like PageLRU for normal pages). It replaces special rules for reference counter and makes balloon migration similar to migration of normal pages. This flag is protected by page_lock together with link to the balloon device. Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <k.khlebnikov@samsung.com> Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/53E6CEAA.9020105@oracle.com Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.8+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Xiubo Li
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b8b2d82532 |
mm/compaction.c: fix warning of 'flags' may be used uninitialized
C mm/compaction.o
mm/compaction.c: In function isolate_freepages_block:
mm/compaction.c:364:37: warning: flags may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
&& compact_unlock_should_abort(&cc->zone->lock, flags,
^
Signed-off-by: Xiubo Li <Li.Xiubo@freescale.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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David Rientjes
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6d7ce55940 |
mm, compaction: pass gfp mask to compact_control
struct compact_control currently converts the gfp mask to a migratetype, but we need the entire gfp mask in a follow-up patch. Pass the entire gfp mask as part of struct compact_control. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
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43e7a34d26 |
mm: rename allocflags_to_migratetype for clarity
The page allocator has gfp flags (like __GFP_WAIT) and alloc flags (like ALLOC_CPUSET) that have separate semantics. The function allocflags_to_migratetype() actually takes gfp flags, not alloc flags, and returns a migratetype. Rename it to gfpflags_to_migratetype(). Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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99c0fd5e51 |
mm, compaction: skip buddy pages by their order in the migrate scanner
The migration scanner skips PageBuddy pages, but does not consider their order as checking page_order() is generally unsafe without holding the zone->lock, and acquiring the lock just for the check wouldn't be a good tradeoff. Still, this could avoid some iterations over the rest of the buddy page, and if we are careful, the race window between PageBuddy() check and page_order() is small, and the worst thing that can happen is that we skip too much and miss some isolation candidates. This is not that bad, as compaction can already fail for many other reasons like parallel allocations, and those have much larger race window. This patch therefore makes the migration scanner obtain the buddy page order and use it to skip the whole buddy page, if the order appears to be in the valid range. It's important that the page_order() is read only once, so that the value used in the checks and in the pfn calculation is the same. But in theory the compiler can replace the local variable by multiple inlines of page_order(). Therefore, the patch introduces page_order_unsafe() that uses ACCESS_ONCE to prevent this. Testing with stress-highalloc from mmtests shows a 15% reduction in number of pages scanned by migration scanner. The reduction is >60% with __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, along with success rates better by few percent. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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e14c720efd |
mm, compaction: remember position within pageblock in free pages scanner
Unlike the migration scanner, the free scanner remembers the beginning of the last scanned pageblock in cc->free_pfn. It might be therefore rescanning pages uselessly when called several times during single compaction. This might have been useful when pages were returned to the buddy allocator after a failed migration, but this is no longer the case. This patch changes the meaning of cc->free_pfn so that if it points to a middle of a pageblock, that pageblock is scanned only from cc->free_pfn to the end. isolate_freepages_block() will record the pfn of the last page it looked at, which is then used to update cc->free_pfn. In the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, this has resulted in lowering the ratio between pages scanned by both scanners, from 2.5 free pages per migrate page, to 2.25 free pages per migrate page, without affecting success rates. With __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, this appears to result in a worse ratio (2.1 instead of 1.8), but page migration successes increased by 10%, so this could mean that more useful work can be done until need_resched() aborts this kind of compaction. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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69b7189f12 |
mm, compaction: skip rechecks when lock was already held
Compaction scanners try to lock zone locks as late as possible by checking many page or pageblock properties opportunistically without lock and skipping them if not unsuitable. For pages that pass the initial checks, some properties have to be checked again safely under lock. However, if the lock was already held from a previous iteration in the initial checks, the rechecks are unnecessary. This patch therefore skips the rechecks when the lock was already held. This is now possible to do, since we don't (potentially) drop and reacquire the lock between the initial checks and the safe rechecks anymore. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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8b44d2791f |
mm, compaction: periodically drop lock and restore IRQs in scanners
Compaction scanners regularly check for lock contention and need_resched() through the compact_checklock_irqsave() function. However, if there is no contention, the lock can be held and IRQ disabled for potentially long time. This has been addressed by commit |
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Vlastimil Babka
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1f9efdef4f |
mm, compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()
Async compaction aborts when it detects zone lock contention or need_resched() is true. David Rientjes has reported that in practice, most direct async compactions for THP allocation abort due to need_resched(). This means that a second direct compaction is never attempted, which might be OK for a page fault, but khugepaged is intended to attempt a sync compaction in such case and in these cases it won't. This patch replaces "bool contended" in compact_control with an int that distinguishes between aborting due to need_resched() and aborting due to lock contention. This allows propagating the abort through all compaction functions as before, but passing the abort reason up to __alloc_pages_slowpath() which decides when to continue with direct reclaim and another compaction attempt. Another problem is that try_to_compact_pages() did not act upon the reported contention (both need_resched() or lock contention) immediately and would proceed with another zone from the zonelist. When need_resched() is true, that means initializing another zone compaction, only to check again need_resched() in isolate_migratepages() and aborting. For zone lock contention, the unintended consequence is that the lock contended status reported back to the allocator is detrmined from the last zone where compaction was attempted, which is rather arbitrary. This patch fixes the problem in the following way: - async compaction of a zone aborting due to need_resched() or fatal signal pending means that further zones should not be tried. We report COMPACT_CONTENDED_SCHED to the allocator. - aborting zone compaction due to lock contention means we can still try another zone, since it has different set of locks. We report back COMPACT_CONTENDED_LOCK only if *all* zones where compaction was attempted, it was aborted due to lock contention. As a result of these fixes, khugepaged will proceed with second sync compaction as intended, when the preceding async compaction aborted due to need_resched(). Page fault compactions aborting due to need_resched() will spare some cycles previously wasted by initializing another zone compaction only to abort again. Lock contention will be reported only when compaction in all zones aborted due to lock contention, and therefore it's not a good idea to try again after reclaim. In stress-highalloc from mmtests configured to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, this has improved number of THP collapse allocations by 10%, which shows positive effect on khugepaged. The benchmark's success rates are unchanged as it is not recognized as khugepaged. Numbers of compact_stall and compact_fail events have however decreased by 20%, with compact_success still a bit improved, which is good. With benchmark configured not to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, there is 6% improvement in THP collapse allocations, and only slight improvement in stalls and failures. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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7d49d88683 |
mm, compaction: reduce zone checking frequency in the migration scanner
The unification of the migrate and free scanner families of function has highlighted a difference in how the scanners ensure they only isolate pages of the intended zone. This is important for taking zone lock or lru lock of the correct zone. Due to nodes overlapping, it is however possible to encounter a different zone within the range of the zone being compacted. The free scanner, since its inception by commit |
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Vlastimil Babka
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edc2ca6124 |
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages() during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's __alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks. However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA: - isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true - migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range(). Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code simplification. Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the _block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable, since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone. Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful - the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to reschedule or abort async compaction. [iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction] Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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f8224aa5a0 |
mm, compaction: do not recheck suitable_migration_target under lock
isolate_freepages_block() rechecks if the pageblock is suitable to be a target for migration after it has taken the zone->lock. However, the check has been optimized to occur only once per pageblock, and compact_checklock_irqsave() might be dropping and reacquiring lock, which means somebody else might have changed the pageblock's migratetype meanwhile. Furthermore, nothing prevents the migratetype to change right after isolate_freepages_block() has finished isolating. Given how imperfect this is, it's simpler to just rely on the check done in isolate_freepages() without lock, and not pretend that the recheck under lock guarantees anything. It is just a heuristic after all. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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53853e2d2b |
mm, compaction: defer each zone individually instead of preferred zone
When direct sync compaction is often unsuccessful, it may become deferred
for some time to avoid further useless attempts, both sync and async.
Successful high-order allocations un-defer compaction, while further
unsuccessful compaction attempts prolong the compaction deferred period.
Currently the checking and setting deferred status is performed only on
the preferred zone of the allocation that invoked direct compaction. But
compaction itself is attempted on all eligible zones in the zonelist, so
the behavior is suboptimal and may lead both to scenarios where 1)
compaction is attempted uselessly, or 2) where it's not attempted despite
good chances of succeeding, as shown on the examples below:
1) A direct compaction with Normal preferred zone failed and set
deferred compaction for the Normal zone. Another unrelated direct
compaction with DMA32 as preferred zone will attempt to compact DMA32
zone even though the first compaction attempt also included DMA32 zone.
In another scenario, compaction with Normal preferred zone failed to
compact Normal zone, but succeeded in the DMA32 zone, so it will not
defer compaction. In the next attempt, it will try Normal zone which
will fail again, instead of skipping Normal zone and trying DMA32
directly.
2) Kswapd will balance DMA32 zone and reset defer status based on
watermarks looking good. A direct compaction with preferred Normal
zone will skip compaction of all zones including DMA32 because Normal
was still deferred. The allocation might have succeeded in DMA32, but
won't.
This patch makes compaction deferring work on individual zone basis
instead of preferred zone. For each zone, it checks compaction_deferred()
to decide if the zone should be skipped. If watermarks fail after
compacting the zone, defer_compaction() is called. The zone where
watermarks passed can still be deferred when the allocation attempt is
unsuccessful. When allocation is successful, compaction_defer_reset() is
called for the zone containing the allocated page. This approach should
approximate calling defer_compaction() only on zones where compaction was
attempted and did not yield allocated page. There might be corner cases
but that is inevitable as long as the decision to stop compacting dues not
guarantee that a page will be allocated.
Due to a new COMPACT_DEFERRED return value, some functions relying
implicitly on COMPACT_SKIPPED = 0 had to be updated, with comments made
more accurate. The did_some_progress output parameter of
__alloc_pages_direct_compact() is removed completely, as the caller
actually does not use it after compaction sets it - it is only considered
when direct reclaim sets it.
During testing on a two-node machine with a single very small Normal zone
on node 1, this patch has improved success rates in stress-highalloc
mmtests benchmark. The success here were previously made worse by commit
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Vlastimil Babka
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be9765722e |
mm, compaction: properly signal and act upon lock and need_sched() contention
Compaction uses compact_checklock_irqsave() function to periodically check for lock contention and need_resched() to either abort async compaction, or to free the lock, schedule and retake the lock. When aborting, cc->contended is set to signal the contended state to the caller. Two problems have been identified in this mechanism. First, compaction also calls directly cond_resched() in both scanners when no lock is yet taken. This call either does not abort async compaction, or set cc->contended appropriately. This patch introduces a new compact_should_abort() function to achieve both. In isolate_freepages(), the check frequency is reduced to once by SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX pageblocks to match what the migration scanner does in the preliminary page checks. In case a pageblock is found suitable for calling isolate_freepages_block(), the checks within there are done on higher frequency. Second, isolate_freepages() does not check if isolate_freepages_block() aborted due to contention, and advances to the next pageblock. This violates the principle of aborting on contention, and might result in pageblocks not being scanned completely, since the scanning cursor is advanced. This problem has been noticed in the code by Joonsoo Kim when reviewing related patches. This patch makes isolate_freepages_block() check the cc->contended flag and abort. In case isolate_freepages() has already isolated some pages before aborting due to contention, page migration will proceed, which is OK since we do not want to waste the work that has been done, and page migration has own checks for contention. However, we do not want another isolation attempt by either of the scanners, so cc->contended flag check is added also to compaction_alloc() and compact_finished() to make sure compaction is aborted right after the migration. The outcome of the patch should be reduced lock contention by async compaction and lower latencies for higher-order allocations where direct compaction is involved. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment] Reported-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Tested-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org> Tested-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org> Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
e9ade56991 |
mm/compaction: avoid rescanning pageblocks in isolate_freepages
The compaction free scanner in isolate_freepages() currently remembers PFN of the highest pageblock where it successfully isolates, to be used as the starting pageblock for the next invocation. The rationale behind this is that page migration might return free pages to the allocator when migration fails and we don't want to skip them if the compaction continues. Since migration now returns free pages back to compaction code where they can be reused, this is no longer a concern. This patch changes isolate_freepages() so that the PFN for restarting is updated with each pageblock where isolation is attempted. Using stress-highalloc from mmtests, this resulted in 10% reduction of the pages scanned by the free scanner. Note that the somewhat similar functionality that records highest successful pageblock in zone->compact_cached_free_pfn, remains unchanged. This cache is used when the whole compaction is restarted, not for multiple invocations of the free scanner during single compaction. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
f8c9301fa5 |
mm/compaction: do not count migratepages when unnecessary
During compaction, update_nr_listpages() has been used to count remaining non-migrated and free pages after a call to migrage_pages(). The freepages counting has become unneccessary, and it turns out that migratepages counting is also unnecessary in most cases. The only situation when it's needed to count cc->migratepages is when migrate_pages() returns with a negative error code. Otherwise, the non-negative return value is the number of pages that were not migrated, which is exactly the count of remaining pages in the cc->migratepages list. Furthermore, any non-zero count is only interesting for the tracepoint of mm_compaction_migratepages events, because after that all remaining unmigrated pages are put back and their count is set to 0. This patch therefore removes update_nr_listpages() completely, and changes the tracepoint definition so that the manual counting is done only when the tracepoint is enabled, and only when migrate_pages() returns a negative error code. Furthermore, migrate_pages() and the tracepoints won't be called when there's nothing to migrate. This potentially avoids some wasted cycles and reduces the volume of uninteresting mm_compaction_migratepages events where "nr_migrated=0 nr_failed=0". In the stress-highalloc mmtest, this was about 75% of the events. The mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages event is better for determining that nothing was isolated for migration, and this one was just duplicating the info. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
|
aeef4b8380 |
mm, compaction: terminate async compaction when rescheduling
Async compaction terminates prematurely when need_resched(), see compact_checklock_irqsave(). This can never trigger, however, if the cond_resched() in isolate_migratepages_range() always takes care of the scheduling. If the cond_resched() actually triggers, then terminate this pageblock scan for async compaction as well. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
|
e0b9daeb45 |
mm, compaction: embed migration mode in compact_control
We're going to want to manipulate the migration mode for compaction in the page allocator, and currently compact_control's sync field is only a bool. Currently, we only do MIGRATE_ASYNC or MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT compaction depending on the value of this bool. Convert the bool to enum migrate_mode and pass the migration mode in directly. Later, we'll want to avoid MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT for thp allocations in the pagefault patch to avoid unnecessary latency. This also alters compaction triggered from sysfs, either for the entire system or for a node, to force MIGRATE_SYNC. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: use MIGRATE_SYNC in alloc_contig_range()] Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Suggested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
|
35979ef339 |
mm, compaction: add per-zone migration pfn cache for async compaction
Each zone has a cached migration scanner pfn for memory compaction so that subsequent calls to memory compaction can start where the previous call left off. Currently, the compaction migration scanner only updates the per-zone cached pfn when pageblocks were not skipped for async compaction. This creates a dependency on calling sync compaction to avoid having subsequent calls to async compaction from scanning an enormous amount of non-MOVABLE pageblocks each time it is called. On large machines, this could be potentially very expensive. This patch adds a per-zone cached migration scanner pfn only for async compaction. It is updated everytime a pageblock has been scanned in its entirety and when no pages from it were successfully isolated. The cached migration scanner pfn for sync compaction is updated only when called for sync compaction. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
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d53aea3d46 |
mm, compaction: return failed migration target pages back to freelist
Greg reported that he found isolated free pages were returned back to the VM rather than the compaction freelist. This will cause holes behind the free scanner and cause it to reallocate additional memory if necessary later. He detected the problem at runtime seeing that ext4 metadata pages (esp the ones read by "sbi->s_group_desc[i] = sb_bread(sb, block)") were constantly visited by compaction calls of migrate_pages(). These pages had a non-zero b_count which caused fallback_migrate_page() -> try_to_release_page() -> try_to_free_buffers() to fail. Memory compaction works by having a "freeing scanner" scan from one end of a zone which isolates pages as migration targets while another "migrating scanner" scans from the other end of the same zone which isolates pages for migration. When page migration fails for an isolated page, the target page is returned to the system rather than the freelist built by the freeing scanner. This may require the freeing scanner to continue scanning memory after suitable migration targets have already been returned to the system needlessly. This patch returns destination pages to the freeing scanner freelist when page migration fails. This prevents unnecessary work done by the freeing scanner but also encourages memory to be as compacted as possible at the end of the zone. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Reported-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
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68711a7463 |
mm, migration: add destination page freeing callback
Memory migration uses a callback defined by the caller to determine how to allocate destination pages. When migration fails for a source page, however, it frees the destination page back to the system. This patch adds a memory migration callback defined by the caller to determine how to free destination pages. If a caller, such as memory compaction, builds its own freelist for migration targets, this can reuse already freed memory instead of scanning additional memory. If the caller provides a function to handle freeing of destination pages, it is called when page migration fails. If the caller passes NULL then freeing back to the system will be handled as usual. This patch introduces no functional change. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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c96b9e508f |
mm/compaction: cleanup isolate_freepages()
isolate_freepages() is currently somewhat hard to follow thanks to many looks like it is related to the 'low_pfn' variable, but in fact it is not. This patch renames the 'high_pfn' variable to a hopefully less confusing name, and slightly changes its handling without a functional change. A comment made obsolete by recent changes is also updated. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: comment fixes, per Minchan] [iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: cleanups] Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Dongjun Shin <d.j.shin@samsung.com> Cc: Sunghwan Yun <sunghwan.yun@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Heesub Shin
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13fb44e4b0 |
mm/compaction: clean up unused code lines
Remove code lines currently not in use or never called. Signed-off-by: Heesub Shin <heesub.shin@samsung.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Dongjun Shin <d.j.shin@samsung.com> Cc: Sunghwan Yun <sunghwan.yun@samsung.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Dongjun Shin <d.j.shin@samsung.com> Cc: Sunghwan Yun <sunghwan.yun@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
49e068f0b7 |
mm/compaction: make isolate_freepages start at pageblock boundary
The compaction freepage scanner implementation in isolate_freepages()
starts by taking the current cc->free_pfn value as the first pfn. In a
for loop, it scans from this first pfn to the end of the pageblock, and
then subtracts pageblock_nr_pages from the first pfn to obtain the first
pfn for the next for loop iteration.
This means that when cc->free_pfn starts at offset X rather than being
aligned on pageblock boundary, the scanner will start at offset X in all
scanned pageblock, ignoring potentially many free pages. Currently this
can happen when
a) zone's end pfn is not pageblock aligned, or
b) through zone->compact_cached_free_pfn with CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
enabled and a hole spanning the beginning of a pageblock
This patch fixes the problem by aligning the initial pfn in
isolate_freepages() to pageblock boundary. This also permits replacing
the end-of-pageblock alignment within the for loop with a simple
pageblock_nr_pages increment.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Heesub Shin <heesub.shin@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dongjun Shin <d.j.shin@samsung.com>
Cc: Sunghwan Yun <sunghwan.yun@samsung.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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David Rientjes
|
da1c67a76f |
mm, compaction: determine isolation mode only once
The conditions that control the isolation mode in isolate_migratepages_range() do not change during the iteration, so extract them out and only define the value once. This actually does have an effect, gcc doesn't optimize it itself because of cc->sync. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
b6c750163c |
mm/compaction: clean-up code on success of ballon isolation
It is just for clean-up to reduce code size and improve readability. There is no functional change. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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c122b2087a |
mm/compaction: check pageblock suitability once per pageblock
isolation_suitable() and migrate_async_suitable() is used to be sure that this pageblock range is fine to be migragted. It isn't needed to call it on every page. Current code do well if not suitable, but, don't do well when suitable. 1) It re-checks isolation_suitable() on each page of a pageblock that was already estabilished as suitable. 2) It re-checks migrate_async_suitable() on each page of a pageblock that was not entered through the next_pageblock: label, because last_pageblock_nr is not otherwise updated. This patch fixes situation by 1) calling isolation_suitable() only once per pageblock and 2) always updating last_pageblock_nr to the pageblock that was just checked. Additionally, move PageBuddy() check after pageblock unit check, since pageblock check is the first thing we should do and makes things more simple. [vbabka@suse.cz: rephrase commit description] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
be1aa03b97 |
mm/compaction: change the timing to check to drop the spinlock
It is odd to drop the spinlock when we scan (SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX - 1) th pfn page. This may results in below situation while isolating migratepage. 1. try isolate 0x0 ~ 0x200 pfn pages. 2. When low_pfn is 0x1ff, ((low_pfn+1) % SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX) == 0, so drop the spinlock. 3. Then, to complete isolating, retry to aquire the lock. I think that it is better to use SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX th pfn for checking the criteria about dropping the lock. This has no harm 0x0 pfn, because, at this time, locked variable would be false. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
01ead5340b |
mm/compaction: do not call suitable_migration_target() on every page
suitable_migration_target() checks that pageblock is suitable for migration target. In isolate_freepages_block(), it is called on every page and this is inefficient. So make it called once per pageblock. suitable_migration_target() also checks if page is highorder or not, but it's criteria for highorder is pageblock order. So calling it once within pageblock range has no problem. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
7d348b9ea6 |
mm/compaction: disallow high-order page for migration target
Purpose of compaction is to get a high order page. Currently, if we find high-order page while searching migration target page, we break it to order-0 pages and use them as migration target. It is contrary to purpose of compaction, so disallow high-order page to be used for migration target. Additionally, clean-up logic in suitable_migration_target() to simplify the code. There is no functional changes from this clean-up. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Rashika Kheria
|
74e77fb9a2 |
mm/compaction.c: mark function as static
Mark function as static in compaction.c because it is not used outside this file. This eliminates the following warning from mm/compaction.c: mm/compaction.c:1190:9: warning: no previous prototype for `sysfs_compact_node' [-Wmissing-prototypes Signed-off-by: Rashika Kheria <rashika.kheria@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
|
119d6d59dc |
mm, compaction: avoid isolating pinned pages
Page migration will fail for memory that is pinned in memory with, for example, get_user_pages(). In this case, it is unnecessary to take zone->lru_lock or isolating the page and passing it to page migration which will ultimately fail. This is a racy check, the page can still change from under us, but in that case we'll just fail later when attempting to move the page. This avoids very expensive memory compaction when faulting transparent hugepages after pinning a lot of memory with a Mellanox driver. On a 128GB machine and pinning ~120GB of memory, before this patch we see the enormous disparity in the number of page migration failures because of the pinning (from /proc/vmstat): compact_pages_moved 8450 compact_pagemigrate_failed 15614415 0.05% of pages isolated are successfully migrated and explicitly triggering memory compaction takes 102 seconds. After the patch: compact_pages_moved 9197 compact_pagemigrate_failed 7 99.9% of pages isolated are now successfully migrated in this configuration and memory compaction takes less than one second. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
|
91ca918648 |
mm, compaction: ignore pageblock skip when manually invoking compaction
The cached pageblock hint should be ignored when triggering compaction through /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory so all eligible memory is isolated. Manually invoking compaction is known to be expensive, there's no need to skip pageblocks based on heuristics (mainly for debugging). Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Laura Abbott
|
2af120bc04 |
mm/compaction: break out of loop on !PageBuddy in isolate_freepages_block
We received several reports of bad page state when freeing CMA pages
previously allocated with alloc_contig_range:
BUG: Bad page state in process Binder_A pfn:63202
page:d21130b0 count:0 mapcount:1 mapping: (null) index:0x7dfbf
page flags: 0x40080068(uptodate|lru|active|swapbacked)
Based on the page state, it looks like the page was still in use. The
page flags do not make sense for the use case though. Further debugging
showed that despite alloc_contig_range returning success, at least one
page in the range still remained in the buddy allocator.
There is an issue with isolate_freepages_block. In strict mode (which
CMA uses), if any pages in the range cannot be isolated,
isolate_freepages_block should return failure 0. The current check
keeps track of the total number of isolated pages and compares against
the size of the range:
if (strict && nr_strict_required > total_isolated)
total_isolated = 0;
After taking the zone lock, if one of the pages in the range is not in
the buddy allocator, we continue through the loop and do not increment
total_isolated. If in the last iteration of the loop we isolate more
than one page (e.g. last page needed is a higher order page), the check
for total_isolated may pass and we fail to detect that a page was
skipped. The fix is to bail out if the loop immediately if we are in
strict mode. There's no benfit to continuing anyway since we need all
pages to be isolated. Additionally, drop the error checking based on
nr_strict_required and just check the pfn ranges. This matches with
what isolate_freepages_range does.
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Mel Gorman
|
6c14466cc0 |
mm: improve documentation of page_order
Developers occasionally try and optimise PFN scanners by using page_order but miss that in general it requires zone->lock. This has happened twice for compaction.c and rejected both times. This patch clarifies the documentation of page_order and adds a note to compaction.c why page_order is not used. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweaks] [lauraa@codeaurora.org: Corrected a page_zone(page)->lock reference] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Sasha Levin
|
309381feae |
mm: dump page when hitting a VM_BUG_ON using VM_BUG_ON_PAGE
Most of the VM_BUG_ON assertions are performed on a page. Usually, when one of these assertions fails we'll get a BUG_ON with a call stack and the registers. I've recently noticed based on the requests to add a small piece of code that dumps the page to various VM_BUG_ON sites that the page dump is quite useful to people debugging issues in mm. This patch adds a VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(cond, page) which beyond doing what VM_BUG_ON() does, also dumps the page before executing the actual BUG_ON. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up includes] Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
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Vlastimil Babka
|
55b7c4c99f |
mm: compaction: reset scanner positions immediately when they meet
Compaction used to start its migrate and free page scaners at the zone's lowest and highest pfn, respectively. Later, caching was introduced to remember the scanners' progress across compaction attempts so that pageblocks are not re-scanned uselessly. Additionally, pageblocks where isolation failed are marked to be quickly skipped when encountered again in future compactions. Currently, both the reset of cached pfn's and clearing of the pageblock skip information for a zone is done in __reset_isolation_suitable(). This function gets called when: - compaction is restarting after being deferred - compact_blockskip_flush flag is set in compact_finished() when the scanners meet (and not again cleared when direct compaction succeeds in allocation) and kswapd acts upon this flag before going to sleep This behavior is suboptimal for several reasons: - when direct sync compaction is called after async compaction fails (in the allocation slowpath), it will effectively do nothing, unless kswapd happens to process the compact_blockskip_flush flag meanwhile. This is racy and goes against the purpose of sync compaction to more thoroughly retry the compaction of a zone where async compaction has failed. The restart-after-deferring path cannot help here as deferring happens only after the sync compaction fails. It is also done only for the preferred zone, while the compaction might be done for a fallback zone. - the mechanism of marking pageblock to be skipped has little value since the cached pfn's are reset only together with the pageblock skip flags. This effectively limits pageblock skip usage to parallel compactions. This patch changes compact_finished() so that cached pfn's are reset immediately when the scanners meet. Clearing pageblock skip flags is unchanged, as well as the other situations where cached pfn's are reset. This allows the sync-after-async compaction to retry pageblocks not marked as skipped, such as blocks !MIGRATE_MOVABLE blocks that async compactions now skips without marking them. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
50b5b094e6 |
mm: compaction: do not mark unmovable pageblocks as skipped in async compaction
Compaction temporarily marks pageblocks where it fails to isolate pages as to-be-skipped in further compactions, in order to improve efficiency. One of the reasons to fail isolating pages is that isolation is not attempted in pageblocks that are not of MIGRATE_MOVABLE (or CMA) type. The problem is that blocks skipped due to not being MIGRATE_MOVABLE in async compaction become skipped due to the temporary mark also in future sync compaction. Moreover, this may follow quite soon during __alloc_page_slowpath, without much time for kswapd to clear the pageblock skip marks. This goes against the idea that sync compaction should try to scan these blocks more thoroughly than the async compaction. The fix is to ensure in async compaction that these !MIGRATE_MOVABLE blocks are not marked to be skipped. Note this should not affect performance or locking impact of further async compactions, as skipping a block due to being !MIGRATE_MOVABLE is done soon after skipping a block marked to be skipped, both without locking. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
7ed695e069 |
mm: compaction: detect when scanners meet in isolate_freepages
Compaction of a zone is finished when the migrate scanner (which begins at the zone's lowest pfn) meets the free page scanner (which begins at the zone's highest pfn). This is detected in compact_zone() and in the case of direct compaction, the compact_blockskip_flush flag is set so that kswapd later resets the cached scanner pfn's, and a new compaction may again start at the zone's borders. The meeting of the scanners can happen during either scanner's activity. However, it may currently fail to be detected when it occurs in the free page scanner, due to two problems. First, isolate_freepages() keeps free_pfn at the highest block where it isolated pages from, for the purposes of not missing the pages that are returned back to allocator when migration fails. Second, failing to isolate enough free pages due to scanners meeting results in -ENOMEM being returned by migrate_pages(), which makes compact_zone() bail out immediately without calling compact_finished() that would detect scanners meeting. This failure to detect scanners meeting might result in repeated attempts at compaction of a zone that keep starting from the cached pfn's close to the meeting point, and quickly failing through the -ENOMEM path, without the cached pfns being reset, over and over. This has been observed (through additional tracepoints) in the third phase of the mmtests stress-highalloc benchmark, where the allocator runs on an otherwise idle system. The problem was observed in the DMA32 zone, which was used as a fallback to the preferred Normal zone, but on the 4GB system it was actually the largest zone. The problem is even amplified for such fallback zone - the deferred compaction logic, which could (after being fixed by a previous patch) reset the cached scanner pfn's, is only applied to the preferred zone and not for the fallbacks. The problem in the third phase of the benchmark was further amplified by commit |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
d3132e4b83 |
mm: compaction: reset cached scanner pfn's before reading them
Compaction caches pfn's for its migrate and free scanners to avoid scanning the whole zone each time. In compact_zone(), the cached values are read to set up initial values for the scanners. There are several situations when these cached pfn's are reset to the first and last pfn of the zone, respectively. One of these situations is when a compaction has been deferred for a zone and is now being restarted during a direct compaction, which is also done in compact_zone(). However, compact_zone() currently reads the cached pfn's *before* resetting them. This means the reset doesn't affect the compaction that performs it, and with good chance also subsequent compactions, as update_pageblock_skip() is likely to be called and update the cached pfn's to those being processed. Another chance for a successful reset is when a direct compaction detects that migration and free scanners meet (which has its own problems addressed by another patch) and sets update_pageblock_skip flag which kswapd uses to do the reset because it goes to sleep. This is clearly a bug that results in non-deterministic behavior, so this patch moves the cached pfn reset to be performed *before* the values are read. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Vlastimil Babka
|
de6c60a6c1 |
mm: compaction: encapsulate defer reset logic
Currently there are several functions to manipulate the deferred compaction state variables. The remaining case where the variables are touched directly is when a successful allocation occurs in direct compaction, or is expected to be successful in the future by kswapd. Here, the lowest order that is expected to fail is updated, and in the case of successful allocation, the deferred status and counter is reset completely. Create a new function compaction_defer_reset() to encapsulate this functionality and make it easier to understand the code. No functional change. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
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Mel Gorman
|
0eb927c0ab |
mm: compaction: trace compaction begin and end
The broad goal of the series is to improve allocation success rates for
huge pages through memory compaction, while trying not to increase the
compaction overhead. The original objective was to reintroduce
capturing of high-order pages freed by the compaction, before they are
split by concurrent activity. However, several bugs and opportunities
for simple improvements were found in the current implementation, mostly
through extra tracepoints (which are however too ugly for now to be
considered for sending).
The patches mostly deal with two mechanisms that reduce compaction
overhead, which is caching the progress of migrate and free scanners,
and marking pageblocks where isolation failed to be skipped during
further scans.
Patch 1 (from mgorman) adds tracepoints that allow calculate time spent in
compaction and potentially debug scanner pfn values.
Patch 2 encapsulates the some functionality for handling deferred compactions
for better maintainability, without a functional change
type is not determined without being actually needed.
Patch 3 fixes a bug where cached scanner pfn's are sometimes reset only after
they have been read to initialize a compaction run.
Patch 4 fixes a bug where scanners meeting is sometimes not properly detected
and can lead to multiple compaction attempts quitting early without
doing any work.
Patch 5 improves the chances of sync compaction to process pageblocks that
async compaction has skipped due to being !MIGRATE_MOVABLE.
Patch 6 improves the chances of sync direct compaction to actually do anything
when called after async compaction fails during allocation slowpath.
The impact of patches were validated using mmtests's stress-highalloc
benchmark with mmtests's stress-highalloc benchmark on a x86_64 machine
with 4GB memory.
Due to instability of the results (mostly related to the bugs fixed by
patches 2 and 3), 10 iterations were performed, taking min,mean,max
values for success rates and mean values for time and vmstat-based
metrics.
First, the default GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE allocations were tested with the
patches stacked on top of v3.13-rc2. Patch 2 is OK to serve as baseline
due to no functional changes in 1 and 2. Comments below.
stress-highalloc
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-nothp 3-nothp 4-nothp 5-nothp 6-nothp
Success 1 Min 9.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-11.11%) 43.00 (-377.78%) 43.00 (-377.78%) 33.00 (-266.67%)
Success 1 Mean 27.50 ( 0.00%) 25.30 ( 8.00%) 45.50 (-65.45%) 45.90 (-66.91%) 46.30 (-68.36%)
Success 1 Max 36.00 ( 0.00%) 36.00 ( 0.00%) 47.00 (-30.56%) 48.00 (-33.33%) 52.00 (-44.44%)
Success 2 Min 10.00 ( 0.00%) 8.00 ( 20.00%) 46.00 (-360.00%) 45.00 (-350.00%) 35.00 (-250.00%)
Success 2 Mean 26.40 ( 0.00%) 23.50 ( 10.98%) 47.30 (-79.17%) 47.60 (-80.30%) 48.10 (-82.20%)
Success 2 Max 34.00 ( 0.00%) 33.00 ( 2.94%) 48.00 (-41.18%) 50.00 (-47.06%) 54.00 (-58.82%)
Success 3 Min 65.00 ( 0.00%) 63.00 ( 3.08%) 85.00 (-30.77%) 84.00 (-29.23%) 85.00 (-30.77%)
Success 3 Mean 76.70 ( 0.00%) 70.50 ( 8.08%) 86.20 (-12.39%) 85.50 (-11.47%) 86.00 (-12.13%)
Success 3 Max 87.00 ( 0.00%) 86.00 ( 1.15%) 88.00 ( -1.15%) 87.00 ( 0.00%) 87.00 ( 0.00%)
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-nothp 3-nothp 4-nothp 5-nothp 6-nothp
User 6437.72 6459.76 5960.32 5974.55 6019.67
System 1049.65 1049.09 1029.32 1031.47 1032.31
Elapsed 1856.77 1874.48 1949.97 1994.22 1983.15
3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2 3.13-rc2
2-nothp 3-nothp 4-nothp 5-nothp 6-nothp
Minor Faults 253952267 254581900 250030122 250507333 250157829
Major Faults 420 407 506 530 530
Swap Ins 4 9 9 6 6
Swap Outs 398 375 345 346 333
Direct pages scanned 197538 189017 298574 287019 299063
Kswapd pages scanned 1809843 1801308 1846674 1873184 1861089
Kswapd pages reclaimed 1806972 1798684 1844219 1870509 1858622
Direct pages reclaimed 197227 188829 298380 286822 298835
Kswapd efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Kswapd velocity 953.382 970.449 952.243 934.569 922.286
Direct efficiency 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Direct velocity 104.058 101.832 153.961 143.200 148.205
Percentage direct scans 9% 9% 13% 13% 13%
Zone normal velocity 347.289 359.676 348.063 339.933 332.983
Zone dma32 velocity 710.151 712.605 758.140 737.835 737.507
Zone dma velocity 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page writes by reclaim 557.600 429.000 353.600 426.400 381.800
Page writes file 159 53 7 79 48
Page writes anon 398 375 345 346 333
Page reclaim immediate 825 644 411 575 420
Sector Reads 2781750 2769780 2878547 2939128 2910483
Sector Writes 12080843 12083351 12012892 12002132 12010745
Page rescued immediate 0 0 0 0 0
Slabs scanned
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Joonsoo Kim
|
6815bf3f23 |
mm/compaction: respect ignore_skip_hint in update_pageblock_skip
update_pageblock_skip() only fits to compaction which tries to isolate by pageblock unit. If isolate_migratepages_range() is called by CMA, it try to isolate regardless of pageblock unit and it don't reference get_pageblock_skip() by ignore_skip_hint. We should also respect it on update_pageblock_skip() to prevent from setting the wrong information. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.7+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Jerome Marchand
|
9e4be4708e |
mm/compaction.c: update comment about zone lock in isolate_freepages_block
Since commit
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|
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David Rientjes
|
f6ea3adb70 |
mm/compaction.c: periodically schedule when freeing pages
We've been getting warnings about an excessive amount of time spent allocating pages for migration during memory compaction without scheduling. isolate_freepages_block() already periodically checks for contended locks or the need to schedule, but isolate_freepages() never does. When a zone is massively long and no suitable targets can be found, this iteration can be quite expensive without ever doing cond_resched(). Check periodically for the need to reschedule while the compaction free scanner iterates. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
|
3a7200af3d |
mm: compaction: do not compact pgdat for order-0
If kswapd was reclaiming for a high order and resets it to 0 due to fragmentation it will still call compact_pgdat. For the most part, this will fail a compaction_suitable() test and not compact but it is unnecessarily sloppy. It could be fixed in the caller but fix it in the API instead. [dhillf@gmail.com: pointed out that it was a potential problem] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Cody P Schafer
|
108bcc96ef |
mm: add & use zone_end_pfn() and zone_spans_pfn()
Add 2 helpers (zone_end_pfn() and zone_spans_pfn()) to reduce code duplication. This also switches to using them in compaction (where an additional variable needed to be renamed), page_alloc, vmstat, memory_hotplug, and kmemleak. Note that in compaction.c I avoid calling zone_end_pfn() repeatedly because I expect at some point the sycronization issues with start_pfn & spanned_pages will need fixing, either by actually using the seqlock or clever memory barrier usage. Signed-off-by: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: David Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Hugh Dickins
|
9c620e2bc5 |
mm: remove offlining arg to migrate_pages
No functional change, but the only purpose of the offlining argument to migrate_pages() etc, was to ensure that __unmap_and_move() could migrate a KSM page for memory hotremove (which took ksm_thread_mutex) but not for other callers. Now all cases are safe, remove the arg. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Petr Holasek <pholasek@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izik.eidus@ravellosystems.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Minchan Kim
|
194159fbcc |
mm: remove MIGRATE_ISOLATE check in hotpath
Several functions test MIGRATE_ISOLATE and some of those are hotpath but MIGRATE_ISOLATE is used only if we enable CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION(ie, CMA, memory-hotplug and memory-failure) which are not common config option. So let's not add unnecessary overhead and code when we don't enable CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION. Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andrew Morton
|
7103f16dbf |
mm: compaction: make __compact_pgdat() and compact_pgdat() return void
These functions always return 0. Formalise this. Cc: Jason Liu <r64343@freescale.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
|
a9aacbccf3 |
mm: compaction: do not accidentally skip pageblocks in the migrate scanner
Compaction uses the ALIGN macro incorrectly with the migrate scanner by adding pageblock_nr_pages to a PFN. It happened to work when initially implemented as the starting PFN was also aligned but with caching restarts and isolating in smaller chunks this is no longer always true. The impact is that the migrate scanner scans outside its current pageblock. As pfn_valid() is still checked properly it does not cause any failure and the impact of the bug is that in some cases it will scan more than necessary when it crosses a page boundary but by no more than COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX. It is highly unlikely this is even measurable but it's still wrong so this patch addresses the problem. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
|
8fb74b9fb2 |
mm: compaction: partially revert capture of suitable high-order page
Eric Wong reported on 3.7 and 3.8-rc2 that ppoll() got stuck when waiting for POLLIN on a local TCP socket. It was easier to trigger if there was disk IO and dirty pages at the same time and he bisected it to commit |
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Jason Liu
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7964c06d66 |
mm: compaction: fix echo 1 > compact_memory return error issue
when run the folloing command under shell, it will return error sh/$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory sh/$ sh: write error: Bad address After strace, I found the following log: ... write(1, "1\n", 2) = 3 write(1, "", 4294967295) = -1 EFAULT (Bad address) write(2, "echo: write error: Bad address\n", 31echo: write error: Bad address ) = 31 This tells system return 3(COMPACT_COMPLETE) after write data to compact_memory. The fix is to make the system just return 0 instead 3(COMPACT_COMPLETE) from sysctl_compaction_handler after compaction_nodes finished. Signed-off-by: Jason Liu <r64343@freescale.com> Suggested-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Minchan Kim
|
010fc29a45 |
compaction: fix build error in CMA && !COMPACTION
isolate_freepages_block() and isolate_migratepages_range() are used for
CMA as well as compaction so it breaks build for CONFIG_CMA &&
!CONFIG_COMPACTION.
This patch fixes it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add "do { } while (0)", per Mel]
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Linus Torvalds
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3d59eebc5e |
Automatic NUMA Balancing V11
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Merge tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma
Pull Automatic NUMA Balancing bare-bones from Mel Gorman:
"There are three implementations for NUMA balancing, this tree
(balancenuma), numacore which has been developed in tip/master and
autonuma which is in aa.git.
In almost all respects balancenuma is the dumbest of the three because
its main impact is on the VM side with no attempt to be smart about
scheduling. In the interest of getting the ball rolling, it would be
desirable to see this much merged for 3.8 with the view to building
scheduler smarts on top and adapting the VM where required for 3.9.
The most recent set of comparisons available from different people are
mel: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/9/108
mingo: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/7/331
tglx: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/437
srikar: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/397
The results are a mixed bag. In my own tests, balancenuma does
reasonably well. It's dumb as rocks and does not regress against
mainline. On the other hand, Ingo's tests shows that balancenuma is
incapable of converging for this workloads driven by perf which is bad
but is potentially explained by the lack of scheduler smarts. Thomas'
results show balancenuma improves on mainline but falls far short of
numacore or autonuma. Srikar's results indicate we all suffer on a
large machine with imbalanced node sizes.
My own testing showed that recent numacore results have improved
dramatically, particularly in the last week but not universally.
We've butted heads heavily on system CPU usage and high levels of
migration even when it shows that overall performance is better.
There are also cases where it regresses. Of interest is that for
specjbb in some configurations it will regress for lower numbers of
warehouses and show gains for higher numbers which is not reported by
the tool by default and sometimes missed in treports. Recently I
reported for numacore that the JVM was crashing with
NullPointerExceptions but currently it's unclear what the source of
this problem is. Initially I thought it was in how numacore batch
handles PTEs but I'm no longer think this is the case. It's possible
numacore is just able to trigger it due to higher rates of migration.
These reports were quite late in the cycle so I/we would like to start
with this tree as it contains much of the code we can agree on and has
not changed significantly over the last 2-3 weeks."
* tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma: (50 commits)
mm/rmap, migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable
mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem
mm: migrate: Account a transhuge page properly when rate limiting
mm: numa: Account for failed allocations and isolations as migration failures
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case build fix
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case.
mm: sched: numa: Delay PTE scanning until a task is scheduled on a new node
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing if !SCHED_DEBUG
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing
mm: sched: Adapt the scanning rate if a NUMA hinting fault does not migrate
mm: numa: Use a two-stage filter to restrict pages being migrated for unlikely task<->node relationships
mm: numa: migrate: Set last_nid on newly allocated page
mm: numa: split_huge_page: Transfer last_nid on tail page
mm: numa: Introduce last_nid to the page frame
sched: numa: Slowly increase the scanning period as NUMA faults are handled
mm: numa: Rate limit setting of pte_numa if node is saturated
mm: numa: Rate limit the amount of memory that is migrated between nodes
mm: numa: Structures for Migrate On Fault per NUMA migration rate limiting
mm: numa: Migrate pages handled during a pmd_numa hinting fault
mm: numa: Migrate on reference policy
...
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Thierry Reding
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c8bf2d8ba4 |
mm: compaction: Fix compiler warning
compact_capture_page() is only used if compaction is enabled so it should be moved into the corresponding #ifdef. Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <thierry.reding@avionic-design.de> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Rafael Aquini
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5733c7d11d |
mm: introduce putback_movable_pages()
The PATCH "mm: introduce compaction and migration for virtio ballooned pages" hacks around putback_lru_pages() in order to allow ballooned pages to be re-inserted on balloon page list as if a ballooned page was like a LRU page. As ballooned pages are not legitimate LRU pages, this patch introduces putback_movable_pages() to properly cope with cases where the isolated pageset contains ballooned pages and LRU pages, thus fixing the mentioned inelegant hack around putback_lru_pages(). Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Rafael Aquini
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bf6bddf192 |
mm: introduce compaction and migration for ballooned pages
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload. This patch introduces the helper functions as well as the necessary changes to teach compaction and migration bits how to cope with pages which are part of a guest memory balloon, in order to make them movable by memory compaction procedures. Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |