One of the two users of spufs_calls.owner still has a race
when calling try_module_get while the module is removed.
This makes it use the correct instance of owner.
Noticed by Milton Miller.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Handling mailbox interrupts was broken in multiple respects,
the combination of which was hiding the bugs most of the time.
- The ibox interrupt mask was open initially even though there
are no waiters on a newly created SPU.
- Acknowledging the mailbox interrupt did not work because
it is level triggered and the mailbox data is never retrieved
from inside the interrupt handler.
- The interrupt handler delivered interrupts with a disabled
mask if another interrupt is triggered for the same class
but a different mask.
- The poll function did not enable the interrupt if it had not
been enabled, so we might run into the poll timeout if none of
the other bugs saved us and no signal was delivered.
We probably still have a similar problem with blocking
read/write on mailbox files, but that will result in extra
wakeup in the worst case, not in incorrect behaviour.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This patch reduces lock complexity of SPU scheduler, particularly
for involuntary preemptive switches. As a result the new code
does a better job of mapping the highest priority tasks to SPUs.
Lock complexity is reduced by using the system default workqueue
to perform involuntary saves. In this way we avoid nasty lock
ordering problems that the previous code had. A "minimum timeslice"
for SPU contexts is also introduced. The intent here is to avoid
thrashing.
While the new scheduler does a better job at prioritization it
still does nothing for fairness.
From: Mark Nutter <mnutter@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This patch makes it easier to preempt an SPU context by
having the scheduler hold ctx->state_sema for much shorter
periods of time.
As part of this restructuring, the control logic for the "run"
operation is moved from arch/ppc64/kernel/spu_base.c to
fs/spufs/file.c. Of course the base retains "bottom half"
handlers for class{0,1} irqs. The new run loop will re-acquire
an SPU if preempted.
From: Mark Nutter <mnutter@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
spufs is rather noisy when debugging is enabled, this
turns off the messages for production use.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
try_module_get returns true when NULL arguments, so
we first need to check if there is a module loaded before
getting the reference count.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
With the new rules for reserved pages, the spufs now
needs working page reference counting.
I should probably look into converting to vm_insert_page,
but for now this patch makes spufs work again.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This changes all exported symbols of spufs to EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL.
The spu_ibox_read/spu_wbox_write symbols are not exported
any more when the scheduler patch is applied.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Implementing the machine_crash_shutdown which will be called by
crash_kexec (called in case of a panic, sysrq etc.). Disable the
interrupts, shootdown cpus using debugger IPI and collect regs
for all CPUs.
elfcorehdr= specifies the location of elf core header stored by
the crashed kernel. This command line option will be passed by
the kexec-tools to capture kernel.
savemaxmem= specifies the actual memory size that the first kernel
has and this value will be used for dumping in the capture kernel.
This command line option will be passed by the kexec-tools to
capture kernel.
Signed-off-by: Haren Myneni <haren@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
There's a few places where we need to fix things up for the kernel to work
if it's linked at 32MB:
- platforms/powermac/smp.c
To start secondary cpus on pmac we patch the reset vector, which is fine.
Except if we're above 32MB we don't have enough bits for an absolute branch,
it needs to relative.
- kernel/head_64.s
- A few branches in the cpu hold code need to load the full target address
and do a bctr.
- after_prom_start needs to load PHYSICAL_START as the dest address, not 0.
- The exception prolog needs to load the low word of the target adddress,
not just the low halfword.
- Fixup handling of the initial stab address.
- kernel/setup_64.c
smp_release_cpus() needs to write 1 to the spinloop flag near 0, not 32 MB.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The fwnmi vectors can be anywhere < 32 MB, so we need to use a trampoline
for them. The kdump kernel will register the trampoline addresses, which will
then jump up to the real code above 32 MB.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Minor: use macro to perform void pointer deref; this may someday help
avoid pointer typecasting errors.
Signed-off-by: Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This updates the OF address parsers to return the IO flags
indicating the type of address obtained. It also adds a PCI
call for converting physical addresses that hit IO space into
into IO tokens, and add routines that return the translated
addresses into struct resource
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The udbg low level io layer has an issue with udbg_getc() returning a
char (unsigned on ppc) instead of an int, thus the -1 if you had no
available input device could end up turned into 0xff, filling your
display with bogus characters. This fixes it, along with adding a little
blob to xmon to do a delay before exiting when getting an EOF and fixing
the detection of ADB keyboards in udbg_adb.c
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
When compiling without BOOTX_TEXT the following warning is emitted.
Fix up the definition to only be made when required.
CC arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/udbg_adb.o
.../arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/udbg_adb.c:41: warning:
`udbg_adb_use_btext' defined but not used
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
udbg_adb_init() has become dependent on btext_drawchar, even when
BOOTX_TEXT support is not selected. This leads to the error below.
Make the check dependant on BOOTX_TEXT.
LD .tmp_vmlinux1
arch/powerpc/platforms/built-in.o(.toc1+0xa40): undefined
reference to `btext_drawchar'
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
23-rpaphp-migrate.patch (parts)
This patch moves some pci device add & remove code from the PCI
hotplug directory to the arch/powerpc/kernel directory, and cleans
it up a tad. The primary reason for this is that the code performs
some fairly generic operations that are shared with the PCI error
recovery code (living in the arch/powerpc/kernel directory).
Signed-off-by: Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
20-rpaphp-eeh-cleanup.patch
This patch move some code from the rpaphp directory, to the powerpc
directory, where it should have been all along (Among other things, I
need it in the powerpc directory for the PCI error recovery.)
Please note that patch affects TWO maintainers: Paul, after applying
the powerpc part, please ask that GregKH appli the PCI part. It is safe
to have the powerpc part go in first. It would be bad to have the
PCI part go in first.
Signed-off-by: Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This fixes the new serial probe code with some PCI MMIO UARTs, and fixes
CHRP build with ARCH=powerpc.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
My previous patches inadvertently broke building a G5 kernel with
CONFIG_XMON enabled. This fixes it.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
On iSeries, the paca contains, amongst other things an ItLpRegSave
structure used by the hypervisor to save registers. The hypervisor
locates this area through a pointer at the beginning of the paca, so
the structure itself can be located elsewhere. This patch moves the
reg_save area out into its own array. This reduces the amount of
iSeries specific gunk which is visible to general powerpc code via
paca.h
Built and booted on POWER5 LPAR and iSeries RS64.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <dwg@au1.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Encode the sub bus number into the real irq number (even though it
is always zero for now) so that we have enough information to do
the EOI in iseries_end_IRQ.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
ARCH=powerpc couldn't boot from BootX as it uses a "different" way of
getting in the kernel. This patch adds the necessary trampolines,
creating a flattened device-tree from the tree passed from MacOS, and
initializing the btext engine early for really-early debugging.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This patch unifies udbg for both ppc32 and ppc64 when building the
merged achitecture. xmon now has a single "back end". The powermac udbg
stuff gets enriched with some ADB capabilities and btext output. In
addition, the early_init callback is now called on ppc32 as well,
approx. in the same order as ppc64 regarding device-tree manipulations.
The init sequences of ppc32 and ppc64 are getting closer, I'll unify
them in a later patch.
For now, you can force udbg to the scc using "sccdbg" or to btext using
"btextdbg" on powermacs. I'll implement a cleaner way of forcing udbg
output to something else than the autodetected OF output device in a
later patch.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This moves the discovery of legacy serial ports to a separate file,
makes it common to ppc32 and ppc64, and reworks it to use the new OF
address translators to get to the ports early. This new version can also
detect some PCI serial cards using legacy chips and will probably match
those discovered port with the default console choice.
Only ppc64 gets udbg still yet, unifying udbg isn't finished yet.
It also adds some speed-probing code to udbg so that the default console
can come up at the same speed it was set to by the firmware.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This adds a scheduler for SPUs to make it possible to use
more logical SPUs than physical ones are present in the
system.
Currently, there is no support for preempting a running
SPU thread, they have to leave the SPU by either triggering
an event on the SPU that causes it to return to the
owning thread or by sending a signal to it.
This patch also adds operations that enable accessing an SPU
in either runnable or saved state. We use an RW semaphore
to protect the state of the SPU from changing underneath
us, while we are holding it readable. In order to change
the state, it is acquired writeable and a context save
or restore is executed before downgrading the semaphore
to read-only.
From: Mark Nutter <mnutter@us.ibm.com>,
Uli Weigand <Ulrich.Weigand@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Add the source code that is used to generate spu_save_dump.h and
spu_restore_dump.h. Since a full spu tool chain is needed to
generate these files, the default remains to use the shipped
versions in order to keep the number of tools for building the
kernel down.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This adds the code needed to perform a context switch from
spufs, following the recommended 76-step sequence.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Add some infrastructure for saving and restoring the context of an
SPE. This patch creates a new structure that can hold the whole
state of a physical SPE in memory. It also contains code that
avoids races during the context switch and the binary code that
is loaded to the SPU in order to access its registers.
The actual PPE- and SPE-side context switch code are two separate
patches.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This is the current version of the spu file system, used
for driving SPEs on the Cell Broadband Engine.
This release is almost identical to the version for the
2.6.14 kernel posted earlier, which is available as part
of the Cell BE Linux distribution from
http://www.bsc.es/projects/deepcomputing/linuxoncell/.
The first patch provides all the interfaces for running
spu application, but does not have any support for
debugging SPU tasks or for scheduling. Both these
functionalities are added in the subsequent patches.
See Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt on how to use
spufs.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This patch merges, to some extent, the PPC32 and PPC64 kexec implementations.
We adopt the PPC32 approach of having ppc_md callbacks for the kexec functions.
The current PPC64 implementation becomes the "default" implementation for PPC64
which platforms can select if they need no special treatment.
I've added these default callbacks to pseries/maple/cell/powermac, this means
iSeries no longer supports kexec - but it never worked anyway.
I've renamed PPC32's machine_kexec_simple to default_machine_kexec, inline with
PPC64. Judging by the comments it might be better named machine_kexec_non_of,
or something, but at the moment it's the only implementation for PPC32 so it's
the "default".
Kexec requires machine_shutdown(), which is in machine_kexec.c on PPC32, but we
already have in setup-common.c on powerpc. All this does is call
ppc_md.nvram_sync, which only powermac implements, so instead make
machine_shutdown a ppc_md member and have it call core99_nvram_sync directly
on powermac.
I've also stuck relocate_kernel.S into misc_32.S for powerpc.
Built for ARCH=ppc, and 32 & 64 bit ARCH=powerpc, with KEXEC=y/n. Booted on
P5 LPAR and successfully kexec'ed.
Should apply on top of 493f25ef40.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
It turns out that commit f9bd170a87
broke the cascade from XICS to i8259 on pSeries machines; specifically
we ended up not ever doing the EOI on the XICS for the cascade. The
result was that interrupts from the serial ports (and presumably any
other devices using ISA interrupts) didn't get through. This fixes
it and also simplifies the code, by doing the EOI on the XICS in the
xics_get_irq routine after reading and acking the interrupt on the
i8259.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The code that sets the clock spreading feature of the Intrepid ASIC
must not be run on some machine models or those won't boot. This
fixes it.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Some debug code wasn't properly removed from the initial 64k pages
patch, and while it's harmless, it's also slowing down significantly a
very hot code path, thus it should really be removed.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The previous commit will use the page-at-a-time hypervisor call for
setting up IOMMU entries when we are using 64k pages and setting up
one 64k page, even though that means 16 calls to the hypervisor, since
the hypervisor still works on 4k pages. This optimizes this case by
using the multi-page IOMMU setup hypervisor call instead.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Must adjust tcenum and npages by TCE_PAGE_FACTOR to convert between
64KB pages and TCE (4K) pages. (This is done in other places, except
for this one location.)
Signed-off-by: Michal Ostrowski <mostrows at watson ibm com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Email address update, changing old work address to personal (permanent)
one.
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
We were using udelay in the loop on the primary cpu waiting for the
secondary cpu to take the timebase value. Unfortunately now that
udelay uses the timebase, and the timebase is stopped at this point,
the udelay never terminated. This fixes it by not using udelay, and
increases the number of loops before we time out to compensate.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This makes 32-bit CHRP systems use the RTAS time-of-day routines if
available. It fixes a bug in the RTAS time-of-day routines where they
were storing a 64-bit timebase value in an unsigned long by making
those variables u64. Also, the direct-access time-of-day routines
had the wrong convention for the month and year in the struct rtc_time.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
pseries_dedicated_idle() was using __get_tb which used to be defined
in asm/delay.h. Change it to use get_tb from asm/time.h, which is
in fact exactly the same thing.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Reserve the Maple RTC I/O resource. Needed now we use genrtc.
Signed-off-by: Segher Boessenkool <segher@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
If the kernel supports both G5 and pSeries, and CONFIG_EEH is enabled,
eeh_init() is (quite reasonably) never called when we boot on a G5. Yet
eeh_check_failure() still gets called. We should avoid doing that if
!eeh_subsystem_enabled.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Hi,
The previous PowerBook patch didn't contain the feature table updates
for ARCH=powerpc. Here they are.
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
I discovered that in some cases (PowerMac for example) we wouldn't
properly map the PCI IO space on recent kernels. In addition, the code
for initializing PCI host bridges was scattered all over the place with
some duplication between platforms.
This patch fixes the problem and does a small cleanup by creating a
pcibios_alloc_controller() in pci_64.c that is similar to the one in
pci_32.c (just takes an additional device node argument) that takes care
of all the grunt allocation and initialisation work. It should work for
both boot time and dynamically allocated PHBs.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Also deletes files in arch/ppc64 that are no longer used now that
we don't compile with ARCH=ppc64 any more.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
log_plpar_hcall_return is only used on PPC_PSERIES, so move
it closer to its users and inside ifdef CONFIG_PPC_PSERIES.
remove the last vestiges of systemcfg in iSeries.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
This moves the rtas RTC callbacks to rtas-rtc.c in arch/powerpc/kernel,
and kills the rest of arch/ppc64/kernel/rtc.c which was just a duplicate
of the genrtc functionality. Also enable build of genrtc for
CONFIG_PPC64 (it just works are we already have the required callbacks)
and enable it in all defconfigs.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This fixes various errors in the new functions added in the vDSO's,
I've now verified all functions on both 32 and 64 bits vDSOs. It also
fix a sign extension bug getting the initial time of day at boot that
could cause the monotonic clock value to be completely on bogus for
64 bits applications (with either the vDSO or the syscall) on
powermacs.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
We currently have a ppc_md member called cpu_irq_down, which disables IRQs
for the cpu in question. The only caller of cpu_irq_down is the kexec code.
On pSeries we need to do more than just teardown IRQs at kexec time, so rename
the ppc_md member to kexec_cpu_down and expand it. The pSeries code needs to
know, and other platforms might too, whether we're doing a crash shutdown (ie.
panicking) or a regular kexec, so add a flag for that.
The pSeries implementation of kexec_cpu_down does an unregister VPA call, which
tells the Hypervisor to stop writing stuff into our pacas. Without this we can
get weird memory corruption bugs when we kexec, caused by the Hypervisor
writing into the first kernel's pacas which happens to be somewhere interesting
in the second kernel's memory.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
We needed the VDSO symbols in the arch/ppc asm-offsets.c, and there
were a few usages of _systemcfg still left lying around.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
We have been printing the raw ppc64_firmware_features during boot. Since
we can work it out from the device tree, lets remove it.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
17-eeh-slot-marking-bug.patch
A device that experiences a PCI outage may be just one deivce out
of many that was affected. In order to avoid repeated reports of
a failure, the entire tree of affected devices should be marked
as failed. This patch marks up the entire tree.
Signed-off-by: Linas Vepstas <linas@linas.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This also make klimit have the same type on 32-bit as on 64-bit,
namely unsigned long, and defines and initializes it in one place.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
phbs_remap_io(), which maps the PCI IO space into the kernel virtual space,
is called too early on powermac, and thus doesn't work.
This fixes it by removing the call from all platforms and putting it back
into the ppc64 common code where it belongs, after the actual probing of
the bus.
That means that before that call, only the ISA IO space (if any) is mapped,
any PIO access (from quirks for example) will fail. This happens not to be
a problem for now, but we'll have to rework that code if it becomes one in
the future.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This patch merges platform codes. systemcfg->platform is no longer used,
systemcfg use in general is deprecated as much as possible (and renamed
_systemcfg before it gets completely moved elsewhere in a future patch),
_machine is now used on ppc64 along as ppc32. Platform codes aren't gone
yet but we are getting a step closer. A bunch of asm code in head[_64].S
is also turned into C code.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This patch consolidates macros used to generate assembly for
compatibility across different CPUs or configs. A new header,
asm-powerpc/asm-compat.h contains the main compatibility macros. It
uses some preprocessor magic to make the macros suitable both for use
in .S files, and in inline asm in .c files. Headers (bitops.h,
uaccess.h, atomic.h, bug.h) which had their own such compatibility
macros are changed to use asm-compat.h.
ppc_asm.h is now for use in .S files *only*, and a #error enforces
that. As such, we're a lot more careless about namespace pollution
here than in asm-compat.h.
While we're at it, this patch adds a call to the PPC405_ERR77 macro in
futex.h which should have had it already, but didn't.
Built and booted on pSeries, Maple and iSeries (ARCH=powerpc). Built
for 32-bit powermac (ARCH=powerpc) and Walnut (ARCH=ppc).
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <dwg@au1.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
scanlog.c is only compiled on pSeries. Thus, this patch moves it to
platforms/pseries.
Built and booted on pSeries LPAR (ARCH=powerpc and ARCH=ppc64). Built
for iSeries (ARCH=powerpc).
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This adds code to work around some problems with old versions of
Open Firmware, such as on the early powermacs (7500 etc.) and the
"Longtrail" CHRP machine. On these machines we have to claim
the physical and virtual address ranges explicitly when claiming
memory and then set up a V->P mapping.
The Longtrail has more problems: setprop doesn't work, and we have
to set an "allow-reclaim" variable to 0 in order to get claim on
physical memory ranges to fail if the memory is already claimed.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
14-eeh-device-bar-save.patch
After a PCI device has been resest, the device BAR's and other config
space info must be restored to the same state as they were in when
the firmware first handed us this device. This will allow the
PCI device driver, when restarted, to correctly recognize and set up
the device.
Tis patch saves the device config space as early as reasonable after
the firmware has handed over the device. Te state resore funcion
is inteded for use by the EEH recovery routines.
Signed-off-by: Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
13-eeh-recovery-support-routines.patch
EEH Recovery support routines
This patch adds routines required to help drive the recovery of
EEH-frozen slots. The main function is to drive the PCI #RST
signal line high for a qurter of a second, and then allow for
a second & a half of settle time.
Signed-off-by: Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
12-eeh-event-dispatcher.patch
ppc64: EEH Recovery dispatcher thread
This patch adds a mechanism to create recovery threads when an
EEH event is received. Since an EEH freeze state may be detected
within an interrupt context, we need to get out of the interrupt
context before starting recovery. This dispatcher does this in
two steps: first, it uses a workqueue to get out, and then
lanuches a kernel thread, so that the recovery routine can
sleep for exteded periods without upseting the keventd.
A kernel thread is created with each EEH event, rather than
having one long-running daemon started at boot time. This is
because it is anticipated that EEH events will be very rare
(very very rare, ideally) and so its pointless to cluter the
process tables with a daemon that will almost never run.
Signed-off-by: Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
11-eeh-move-to-powerpc.patch
Move arch/ppc64/kernel/eeh.c to arch//powerpc/platforms/pseries/eeh.c
No other changes (except for Makefile to build it)
Signed-off-by: Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Make some changes to the NEED_RESCHED and POLLING_NRFLAG to reduce
confusion, and make their semantics rigid. Improves efficiency of
resched_task and some cpu_idle routines.
* In resched_task:
- TIF_NEED_RESCHED is only cleared with the task's runqueue lock held,
and as we hold it during resched_task, then there is no need for an
atomic test and set there. The only other time this should be set is
when the task's quantum expires, in the timer interrupt - this is
protected against because the rq lock is irq-safe.
- If TIF_NEED_RESCHED is set, then we don't need to do anything. It
won't get unset until the task get's schedule()d off.
- If we are running on the same CPU as the task we resched, then set
TIF_NEED_RESCHED and no further action is required.
- If we are running on another CPU, and TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG is *not* set
after TIF_NEED_RESCHED has been set, then we need to send an IPI.
Using these rules, we are able to remove the test and set operation in
resched_task, and make clear the previously vague semantics of
POLLING_NRFLAG.
* In idle routines:
- Enter cpu_idle with preempt disabled. When the need_resched() condition
becomes true, explicitly call schedule(). This makes things a bit clearer
(IMO), but haven't updated all architectures yet.
- Many do a test and clear of TIF_NEED_RESCHED for some reason. According
to the resched_task rules, this isn't needed (and actually breaks the
assumption that TIF_NEED_RESCHED is only cleared with the runqueue lock
held). So remove that. Generally one less locked memory op when switching
to the idle thread.
- Many idle routines clear TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG, and only set it in the inner
most polling idle loops. The above resched_task semantics allow it to be
set until before the last time need_resched() is checked before going into
a halt requiring interrupt wakeup.
Many idle routines simply never enter such a halt, and so POLLING_NRFLAG
can be always left set, completely eliminating resched IPIs when rescheduling
the idle task.
POLLING_NRFLAG width can be increased, to reduce the chance of resched IPIs.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Run idle threads with preempt disabled.
Also corrected a bugs in arm26's cpu_idle (make it actually call schedule()).
How did it ever work before?
Might fix the CPU hotplugging hang which Nigel Cunningham noted.
We think the bug hits if the idle thread is preempted after checking
need_resched() and before going to sleep, then the CPU offlined.
After calling stop_machine_run, the CPU eventually returns from preemption and
into the idle thread and goes to sleep. The CPU will continue executing
previous idle and have no chance to call play_dead.
By disabling preemption until we are ready to explicitly schedule, this bug is
fixed and the idle threads generally become more robust.
From: alexs <ashepard@u.washington.edu>
PPC build fix
From: Yoichi Yuasa <yuasa@hh.iij4u.or.jp>
MIPS build fix
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Yoichi Yuasa <yuasa@hh.iij4u.or.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use __do_IRQ instead. The only difference is that every controller
is now assumed to have an end() routine (only xics_8259 did not).
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
CPU freq support using 970FX powertune facility for iMac G5 and SMU
based single CPU desktop.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This is the arch/ part of the big kfree cleanup patch.
Remove pointless checks for NULL prior to calling kfree() in arch/.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Define ppc_md.set_dabr for both 32 + 64 bit. Cleanup the implementation for
pSeries also, it was needlessly complex. Now we just do two firmware tests at
setup time, and use one of two functions, rather than using one function and
testing on every call.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Mostly this involves adding #include <asm/smp.h>, since that defines
things like boot_cpuid[_phys] and [gs]et_hard_smp_processor_id, which
are SMP-related but still needed on UP. This incorporates fixes
posted by Olof Johansson and Heikki Lindholm.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The ancient ppcdebug/PPCDBG mechanism is now only used in two places.
First, in the hash setup code, one of the bits allows the size of the
hash table to be reduced by a factor of 8 - which would be better
accomplished with a command line option for that purpose. The other
was a bunch of bus walking related messages in the iSeries code, which
would seem to be insufficient reason to keep the mechanism.
This patch removes the last traces of this mechanism.
Built and booted on iSeries and pSeries POWER5 LPAR (ARCH=powerpc).
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <dwg@au1.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Adds a new CONFIG_PPC_64K_PAGES which, when enabled, changes the kernel
base page size to 64K. The resulting kernel still boots on any
hardware. On current machines with 4K pages support only, the kernel
will maintain 16 "subpages" for each 64K page transparently.
Note that while real 64K capable HW has been tested, the current patch
will not enable it yet as such hardware is not released yet, and I'm
still verifying with the firmware architects the proper to get the
information from the newer hypervisors.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This also moves setup_cpu_maps to setup-common.c (calling it
smp_setup_cpu_maps) and uses it on both 32-bit and 64-bit.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
register_vpa() doesn't actually do a VPA register call it just uses the flags
you pass it, so rename it to vpa_call() to be clearer.
We can then define register_vpa() and unregister_vpa() which are both simple
wrappers around vpa_call(). (we'll need unregister_vpa() for kexec soon)
We can then cleanup vpa_init(), and because vpa_init() is only called from
platforms/pseries we remove the definition in asm-ppc64/smp.h.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Currently there is no Kconfig symbol to indicate that we want nvram
support on 64-bit kernels; it's assumed we always want it, so make
the powermac setup code always initialize the pmac nvram code if
64-bit.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The extraction of PCI stuff from struct device_node left some false
assumptions in notifier code. As a result, dynamic add crashes when
non-PCI nodes are added. This patch fixes these assumptions.
Signed-off-by: John Rose <johnrose@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Move plpar_wrappers.h into arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries, fixup white space,
and update callers.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Move pSeries specific code in set_dabr() into a ppc_md function, this will
allow us to keep plpar_wrappers.h private to platforms/pseries.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
This moves rtas-proc.c and rtas_flash.c into arch/powerpc/kernel, since
cell wants them as well as pseries (and chrp can use rtas-proc.c too,
at least in principle). rtas_fw.c is gone, with its bits moved into
rtas_flash.c and rtas.c.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Include asm/rtas.h for prototype for rtas_call etc., and make the
`done' variable unsigned int since that's what rtas_call wants.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
These days, the NACA only exists on iSeries. Therefore, this patch
moves naca.h from include/asm-ppc64 to arch/powerpc/platforms/iseries.
There was one file including naca.h outside of platforms/iseries -
arch/ppc64/kernel/udbg_scc.c. However, that's obviously a hangover
from older days. The include is not necessary, so this patch simply
removes it.
Built and booted on iSeries, built for G5 (which uses udbg_scc.o).
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <dwg@au1.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
We were getting powerbook sleep code included, and giving compile
errors, with CONFIG_PM=y on a 64-bit build. This excludes that code
so the kernel will compile. One day BenH will implement on sleep on
the G5...
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The nvram driver imported from the ppc code uses call_rtas, but
rtas_call is the name we are using in merged code (since ppc64 used
that name, and it uses far more RTAS calls than ppc32).
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
A recent commit that removed rtas-fw.h and moved its contents to
include/asm-powerpc/rtas.h forgot to also remove the inclusion of
it in arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This patch simply moves files over to arch/powerpc without making
any changes to them.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cell uses the same code as pSeries for flashing the firmware
through rtas, so the implementation should not be part of
platforms/pseries.
Put it into arch/powerpc/kernel instead.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
During the conversion to the merge tree, the Cell specific
SMP initialization was removed from the pSeries code.
This creates a new Cell specific SMP implementation file.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
By parsing the command line earlier, we can add the mem= value to the
flattened device tree and let the generic code sort out the memory limit
for us.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
We had a static memory_limit in prom.c, and then another one defined
in setup_64.c and used in numa.c, which resulted in the kernel crashing
when mem=xxx was given on the command line. This puts the declaration
in system.h and the definition in mem.c. This also moves the
definition of tce_alloc_start/end out of setup_64.c.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Add proper entry to support the Marvell MV64361 (Marvell Discovery II)
SRAM.
This feature may be used by the mv643xx_eth driver.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas DET <det.nicolas@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This implements a nvram acccess method, similar to
arch/ppc64/kernel/pSeries_nvram.c tested on CHRP B50.
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olh@suse.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This patch moves the XICS interrupt controller code into the
platforms/pseries directory, since it only appears on pSeries
machines. If it ever appears on some other machine we can move it to
sysdev, although xics.c itself will need a bunch of changes in that
case to remove pSeries specific assumptions.
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <dwg@au1.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
SMP still needs more work but UP gets as far as starting userspace
at least. This uses the 64-bit-style code for spinning up the cpus.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
If the machine's clock is set to a bogus value, this check resulted
in userland waiting effectively forever for the RTC value to change,
so remove the check.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This is so that the 32-bit CHRP code can use it. The MPC106
initialization code is now in arch/powerpc/sysdev/grackle.c and
is controlled by CONFIG_PPC_MPC106.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This splits arch/ppc64/kernel/rtas.c into arch/powerpc/kernel/rtas.c,
which contains generic RTAS functions useful on any CHRP platform,
and arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/rtas-fw.[ch], which contain
some pSeries-specific firmware flashing bits. The parts of rtas.c
that are to do with pSeries-specific error logging are protected
by a new CONFIG_RTAS_ERROR_LOGGING symbol. The inclusion of rtas.o
is controlled by the CONFIG_PPC_RTAS symbol, and the relevant
platforms select that.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This changes the parameters for i8259_init so that it takes two
parameters: a physical address for generating an interrupt
acknowledge cycle, and an interrupt number offset. i8259_init
now sets the irq_desc[] for its interrupts; all the callers
were doing this, and that code is gone now. This also defines
a CONFIG_PPC_I8259 symbol to select i8259.o for inclusion, and
makes the platforms that need it select that symbol.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This defines a CONFIG_INDIRECT_PCI symbol to control whether it
gets used or not, and fixes the Kconfig to select that symbol for
platforms that need it.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
ras.o is only built for CONFIG_PPC_PSERIES, so move it into
arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries. Update Makefiles to suit.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
* Removed of_show_percpuinfo and just report CPU frequency in generic
show_cpuinfo code.
* Killed OCP and PPC_SYS related code which doesn't belong in the
merge tree
Signed-off-by: Kumar K. Gala <kumar.gala@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
A comment in lpevents.c refers to code that's actually in HvCallEvent.h.
The code in HvCallEvent.h is pretty obvious, so just remove the comment
altogether.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Acked-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Old powermacs have a number of differences from current machines:
- there is no interrupt tree in the device tree, just interrupt
or AAPL,interrupt properties
- the chosen node in the device tree is called /chosen@0
- the OF claim method doesn't map the memory, so we have to do
an explicit map call as well
- there is no /chosen/cpu property on SMP machines
- the NVRAM isn't structured as a set of partitions.
This adapts the merged powermac support code to cope with these
issues.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This switches the ARCH=ppc64 build to use arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac
instead of arch/ppc64/kernel/pmac*, and deletes the latter set of files.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This brings in a lot of changes from arch/ppc64/kernel/pmac_*.c to
arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/*.c and makes various minor tweaks
elsewhere. On the powermac we now initialize ppc_md by copying
the whole pmac_md structure into it, which required some changes in
the ordering of initializations of individual fields of it.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
I had the sense of the test for when to use the old 601-style RTC
registers inverted. pmac_calibrate_decr and via_calibrate_decr
weren't setting ppc_tb_freq, on which all the further calculations
depended. Lastly, update_gtod was losing the top 32 bits of
the new tb_to_xs value.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This way they get done in one place for all platforms, and it is
more consistent with what ppc32 does.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
I missed a few places where ppc code was still assuming that the
ppc_md.show_[per]cpuinfo functions returned int.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
We now use the merged time.c for both 32-bit and 64-bit compilation
with ARCH=powerpc, and for ARCH=ppc64, but not for ARCH=ppc32.
This removes setup_default_decr (folds its function into time_init)
and moves wakeup_decrementer into time.c. This also makes an
asm-powerpc/rtc.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
A few things change for consistency between ppc32 and ppc64:
idle functions return void; *_get_boot_time functions return
unsigned long (i.e. time_t) rather than filling in a struct rtc_time
(since that's useful to the callers and easier for pmac to
generate); *_get_rtc_time and *_set_rtc_time functions take
a struct rtc_time; irq_canonicalize is gone; nvram_sync returns
void.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This makes platform code use the smp_ops variable directly instead
of ppc_md.smp_ops, removes the two unused `data' and `wait' arguments
from the *_message_pass() functions, and removes the call to the
never-implemented smp_ops->space_timers() function.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The only real user of this file outside platforms/iseries was
drivers/net/iseries_veth.c but all it wanted was ISERIES_HV_ADDR()
so we move that to abs_addr.h (and lowercase it).
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Recent commits upstream have changed files which are currently
duplicated in arch/powerpc and include/asm-powerpc. This updates
them with the corresponding changes.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
On ARCH=ppc64 we were getting htab_hash_mask recalculated
to the correct value for our particular machine by accident.
In the merge tree, that code was commented out, so htab_hash_mask
was being corrupted.
We now set ppc64_pft_size instead which gets htab_has_mask
calculated correctly for us later. We should put an
ibm,pft-size property in the device tree at some point.
Also set -mno-minimal-toc in some makefiles.
Allow iSeries to configure PROC_DEVICETREE.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
This fixes up a variety of minor problems in compiling with ARCH=ppc
arising from using the merged versions of various header files.
A lot of the changes are just adding #include <asm/machdep.h> to
files that use ppc_md or smp_ops_t.
This also arranges for us to use semaphore.c, vecemu.c, vector.S and
fpu.S from arch/powerpc/kernel when compiling with ARCH=ppc.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This moves the Device_List member from struct device_node to
struct pci_dn, which cleans up the device_node and makes the code
a little simpler.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Since lparmap.s gets included in arch/powerpc/kernel/head_64.S,
this avoids depending on a file in another directory.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Since the files are now in arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac, the
pmac_ prefix that they had is redundant.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This brings in the ppc64 version of prom_init.c, prom.c and btext.c
and makes them work for ppc32. This also brings in the new calling
convention, where the first entry to the kernel (with r5 != 0) goes
to the prom_init code, which then restarts from the beginning (with
r5 == 0) after it has done its stuff.
For now this also brings in the ppc32 version of setup.c. It also
merges lmb.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This updates the powermac SMP code to use the mpic driver instead of
the openpic driver and fixes the SMP-dependent context switch code.
We had a subtle bug where we were using interrupt numbers 256-259 for
IPIs, but ppc32 had NR_IRQS = 256. Moved the IPIs down to use interrupt
numbers 252-255 instead.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This merges ppc_ksyms.c, puts back the actual do_execve call in
sys_execve, makes init_MMU call find_end_of_memory rather than
ppc_md.find_end_of_memory (every platform has a device tree
with a /memory node now, right?) and fixes some problems with the
mpic initialization on newworld powermacs.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Changed ppc32 so that cur_cpu_spec is just a single pointer for all CPUs.
Additionally, made call_setup_cpu check to see if the cpu_setup pointer
is NULL or not before calling the function. This lets remove the dummy
cpu_setup calls that just return.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <kumar.gala@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
and rename it to pci.c. This also required moving
arch/ppc64/kernel/pci.h into include/asm-powerpc (called
ppc-pci.h.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Rename it to hvcall.S and (so I can do that) rename hvcall.c
to hvlog.c - a more appropriate name.
Do some white space cleanups.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
iSeries_setup.c becomes setup.c
iSeries_setup.h becomes setup.h
mf.c retains its name
Also moved iSeries_[gs]et_rtc_time and iSeries_get_boot_time into
mf.c since they are just small wrappers around mf_ functions.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Complete moving arch/ppc64/kernel/mpic.h,
include/asm-ppc/reg.h, include/asm-ppc64/kdebug.h
and include/asm-ppc64/kprobes.h
Add arch/powerpc/platforms/Makefile and use it from
arch/powerpc/Makefile
Introduce OLDARCH temporarily so we can point back to
the originating architecture
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
This creates the directory structure under arch/powerpc and a bunch
of Kconfig files. It does a first-cut merge of arch/powerpc/mm,
arch/powerpc/lib and arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac. This is enough
to build a 32-bit powermac kernel with ARCH=powerpc.
For now we are getting some unmerged files from arch/ppc/kernel and
arch/ppc/syslib, or arch/ppc64/kernel. This makes some minor changes
to files in those directories and files outside arch/powerpc.
The boot directory is still not merged. That's going to be interesting.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Arnd Bergmann