Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Add a trace point for tlbie(l) (Translation Lookaside Buffer Invalidate
Entry (Local)) instructions.
The tlbie instruction has changed over the years, so not all versions
accept the same operands. Use the ISA v3 field operands because they are
the most verbose, we may change them in future.
Example output:
qemu-system-ppc-5371 [016] 1412.369519: tlbie:
tlbie with lpid 0, local 1, rb=67bd8900174c11c1, rs=0, ric=0 prs=0 r=0
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
[mpe: Add some missing trace_tlbie()s, reword change log]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Some tracepoints have a registration function that gets enabled when the
tracepoint is enabled. There may be cases that the registraction function
must fail (for example, can't allocate enough memory). In this case, the
tracepoint should also fail to register, otherwise the user would not know
why the tracepoint is not working.
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Seiji Aguchi <seiji.aguchi@hds.com>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
If a cpu is hotplugged while the hcall trace points are active, it's
possible to hit a warning from RCU due to the trace points calling into
RCU from an offline cpu, eg:
RCU used illegally from offline CPU!
rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 1
Make the hypervisor tracepoints conditional by using
TRACE_EVENT_FN_COND.
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Denis Kirjanov <kda@linux-powerpc.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Knowing how long we spend in firmware calls is an important part of
minimising OS jitter.
This patch adds tracepoints to each OPAL call. If tracepoints are
enabled we branch out to a common routine that calls an entry and exit
tracepoint.
This allows us to write tools that monitor the frequency and duration
of OPAL calls, eg:
name count total(ms) min(ms) max(ms) avg(ms) period(ms)
OPAL_HANDLE_INTERRUPT 5 0.199 0.037 0.042 0.040 12547.545
OPAL_POLL_EVENTS 204 2.590 0.012 0.036 0.013 2264.899
OPAL_PCI_MSI_EOI 2830 3.066 0.001 0.005 0.001 81.166
We use jump labels if configured, which means we only add a single
nop instruction to every OPAL call when the tracepoints are disabled.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
irq_entry, irq_exit, timer_interrupt_entry and timer_interrupt_exit
all do the same thing so use DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS to avoid duplicating
everything 4 times.
This saves quite a lot of space in both instruction text and data:
text data bss dec hex filename
9265 19622 16 28903 70e7 arch/powerpc/kernel/irq.o
6817 19019 16 25852 64fc arch/powerpc/kernel/irq.o
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
While most users of the hcall tracepoints will only want the opcode
and return code, some will want all the arguments. To avoid the
complexity of using varargs we pass a pointer to the register save
area, which contains all the arguments.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Add hcall_entry and hcall_exit tracepoints. This replaces the inline
assembly HCALL_STATS code and converts it to use the new tracepoints.
To keep the disabled case as quick as possible, we embed a status word
in the TOC so we can get at it with a single load. By doing so we
keep the overhead at a minimum. Time taken for a null hcall:
No tracepoint code: 135.79 cycles
Disabled tracepoints: 137.95 cycles
For reference, before this patch enabling HCALL_STATS resulted in a null
hcall of 201.44 cycles!
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
We can monitor the effectiveness of our power management of both the
kernel and hypervisor by probing the timer interrupt. For example, on
this box we see 10.37s timer interrupts on an idle core:
<idle>-0 [010] 3900.671297: timer_interrupt_entry: pt_regs=c0000000ce1e7b10
<idle>-0 [010] 3900.671302: timer_interrupt_exit: pt_regs=c0000000ce1e7b10
<idle>-0 [010] 3911.042963: timer_interrupt_entry: pt_regs=c0000000ce1e7b10
<idle>-0 [010] 3911.042968: timer_interrupt_exit: pt_regs=c0000000ce1e7b10
<idle>-0 [010] 3921.414630: timer_interrupt_entry: pt_regs=c0000000ce1e7b10
<idle>-0 [010] 3921.414635: timer_interrupt_exit: pt_regs=c0000000ce1e7b10
Since we have a 207MHz decrementer it will go negative and fire every 10.37s
even if Linux is completely idle.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This adds powerpc-specific tracepoints for interrupt entry and exit.
While we already have generic irq_handler_entry and irq_handler_exit
tracepoints there are cases on our virtualised powerpc machines where an
interrupt is presented to the OS, but subsequently handled by the hypervisor.
This means no OS interrupt handler is invoked.
Here is an example on a POWER6 machine with the patch below applied:
<idle>-0 [006] 3243.949840744: irq_entry: pt_regs=c0000000ce31fb10
<idle>-0 [006] 3243.949850520: irq_exit: pt_regs=c0000000ce31fb10
<idle>-0 [007] 3243.950218208: irq_entry: pt_regs=c0000000ce323b10
<idle>-0 [007] 3243.950224080: irq_exit: pt_regs=c0000000ce323b10
<idle>-0 [000] 3244.021879320: irq_entry: pt_regs=c000000000a63aa0
<idle>-0 [000] 3244.021883616: irq_handler_entry: irq=87 handler=eth0
<idle>-0 [000] 3244.021887328: irq_handler_exit: irq=87 return=handled
<idle>-0 [000] 3244.021897408: irq_exit: pt_regs=c000000000a63aa0
Here we see two phantom interrupts (no handler was invoked), followed
by a real interrupt for eth0. Without the tracepoints in this patch we
would have missed the phantom interrupts.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Greg Kroah-Hartman