In addition to fields representing governor tunables, struct dbs_data
contains some fields needed for the management of objects of that
type. As it turns out, that part of struct dbs_data may be shared
with (future) governors that won't use the common code used by
"ondemand" and "conservative", so move it to a separate struct type
and modify the code using struct dbs_data to follow.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
After previous changes there is only one piece of code in the
ondemand governor making references to per-CPU data structures,
but it can be easily modified to avoid doing that, so modify it
accordingly and move the definition of per-CPU data used by the
ondemand and conservative governors to the common code. Next,
change that code to access the per-CPU data structures directly
rather than via a governor callback.
This causes the ->get_cpu_cdbs governor callback to become
unnecessary, so drop it along with the macro and function
definitions related to it.
Finally, drop the definitions of struct od_cpu_dbs_info_s and
struct cs_cpu_dbs_info_s that aren't necessary any more.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Some fields in struct od_cpu_dbs_info_s and struct cs_cpu_dbs_info_s
are only used for a limited set of CPUs. Namely, if a policy is
shared between multiple CPUs, those fields will only be used for one
of them (policy->cpu). This means that they really are per-policy
rather than per-CPU and holding room for them in per-CPU data
structures is generally wasteful. Also moving those fields into
per-policy data structures will allow some significant simplifications
to be made going forward.
For this reason, introduce struct cs_policy_dbs_info and
struct od_policy_dbs_info to hold those fields. Define each of the
new structures as an extension of struct policy_dbs_info (such that
struct policy_dbs_info is embedded in each of them) and introduce
new ->alloc and ->free governor callbacks to allocate and free
those structures, respectively, such that ->alloc() will return
a pointer to the struct policy_dbs_info embedded in the allocated
data structure and ->free() will take that pointer as its argument.
With that, modify the code accessing the data fields in question
in per-CPU data objects to look for them in the new structures
via the struct policy_dbs_info pointer available to it and drop
them from struct od_cpu_dbs_info_s and struct cs_cpu_dbs_info_s.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
The ondemand_powersave_bias_init() function used for resetting data
fields related to the powersave bias tunable of the ondemand governor
works by walking all of the online CPUs in the system and updating the
od_cpu_dbs_info_s structures for all of them.
However, if governor tunables are per policy, the update should not
touch the CPUs that are not associated with the given dbs_data.
Moreover, since the data fields in question are only ever used for
policy->cpu in each policy governed by ondemand, the update can be
limited to those specific CPUs.
Rework the code to take the above observations into account.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
The ->store() callbacks of some tunable sysfs attributes of the
ondemand and conservative governors trigger immediate updates of
the CPU load information for all CPUs "governed" by the given
dbs_data by walking the cpu_dbs_info structures for all online
CPUs in the system and updating them.
This is questionable for two reasons. First, it may lead to a lot of
extra overhead on a system with many CPUs if the given dbs_data is
only associated with a few of them. Second, if governor tunables are
per-policy, the CPUs associated with the other sets of governor
tunables should not be updated.
To address this issue, use the observation that in all of the places
in question the update operation may be carried out in the same way
(because all of the tunables involved are now located in struct
dbs_data and readily available to the common code) and make the
code in those places invoke the same (new) helper function that
will carry out the update correctly.
That new function always checks the ignore_nice_load tunable value
and updates the CPUs' prev_cpu_nice data fields if that's set, which
wasn't done by the original code in store_io_is_busy(), but it
should have been done in there too.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
The ->powersave_bias_init_cpu callback in struct od_ops is only used
in one place and that invocation may be replaced with a direct call
to the function pointed to by that callback, so change the code
accordingly and drop the callback.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
After some previous changes, the ->get_cpu_dbs_info_s governor
callback and the "governor" field in struct dbs_governor (whose
value represents the governor type) are not used any more, so
drop them.
Also drop the unused gov_ops field from struct dbs_governor.
No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
To avoid having to check the governor type explicitly in the common
code in order to initialize data structures specific to the governor
type properly, add a ->start callback to struct dbs_governor and
use it to initialize those data structures for the ondemand and
conservative governors.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
The io_is_busy governor tunable is only used by the ondemand governor
and is located in the ondemand-specific data structure, but it is
looked at by the common governor code that has to do ugly things to
get to that value, so move it to struct dbs_data and modify ondemand
accordingly.
Since the conservative governor never touches that field, it will
be always 0 for that governor and it won't have any effect on the
results of computations in that case.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
The ->freq_increase callback in struct od_ops is never invoked,
so drop it.
No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Drop some lines of code from od_update() by arranging the statements
in there in a more logical way.
No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Do not convert microseconds to jiffies and the other way around
in governor computations related to the sampling rate and sample
delay and drop delay_for_sampling_rate() which isn't of any use
then.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Reduce the indentation level in the conditionals in od_dbs_timer()
and drop the delay variable from it.
No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
The rate_mult field in struct od_cpu_dbs_info_s is used by the code
shared with the conservative governor and to access it that code
has to do an ugly governor type check. However, first of all it
is ever only used for policy->cpu, so it is per-policy rather than
per-CPU and second, it is initialized to 1 by cpufreq_governor_start(),
so if the conservative governor never modifies it, it will have no
effect on the results of any computations.
For these reasons, move rate_mult to struct policy_dbs_info (as a
common field).
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
The way the ->gov_check_cpu governor callback is used by the ondemand
and conservative governors is not really straightforward. Namely, the
governor calls dbs_check_cpu() that updates the load information for
the policy and the invokes ->gov_check_cpu() for the governor.
To get rid of that entanglement, notice that cpufreq_governor_limits()
doesn't need to call dbs_check_cpu() directly. Instead, it can simply
reset the sample delay to 0 which will cause a sample to be taken
immediately. The result of that is practically equivalent to calling
dbs_check_cpu() except that it will trigger a full update of governor
internal state and not just the ->gov_check_cpu() part.
Following that observation, make cpufreq_governor_limits() reset
the sample delay and turn dbs_check_cpu() into a function that will
simply evaluate the load and return the result called dbs_update().
That function can now be called by governors from the routines that
previously were pointed to by ->gov_check_cpu and those routines
can be called directly by each governor instead of dbs_check_cpu().
This way ->gov_check_cpu becomes unnecessary, so drop it.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Avoid extra checks in od_dbs_timer() by rearranging updates to the
local delay variable in it.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
[ rjw: Changelog ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
The ondemand governor already updates sample_delay_ns immediately on
updates to the sampling rate, but conservative doesn't do that.
It was left out earlier as the code was really too complex to get
that done easily. Things are sorted out very well now, however, and
the conservative governor can be modified to follow ondemand in that
respect.
Moreover, since the code needed to implement that in the
conservative governor would be identical to the corresponding
ondemand governor's code, make that code common and change both
governors to use it.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@arm.com>
Tested-by: Shilpasri G Bhat <shilpa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ rjw: Changelog ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
The dbs_data_mutex lock is currently used in two places. First,
cpufreq_governor_dbs() uses it to guarantee mutual exclusion between
invocations of governor operations from the core. Second, it is used by
ondemand governor's update_sampling_rate() to ensure the stability of
data structures walked by it.
The second usage is quite problematic, because update_sampling_rate() is
called from a governor sysfs attribute's ->store callback and that leads
to a deadlock scenario involving cpufreq_governor_exit() which runs
under dbs_data_mutex. Thus it is better to rework the code so
update_sampling_rate() doesn't need to acquire dbs_data_mutex.
To that end, rework update_sampling_rate() to walk a list of policy_dbs
objects supported by the dbs_data one it has been called for (instead of
walking cpu_dbs_info object for all CPUs). The list manipulation is
protected with dbs_data->mutex which also is held around the execution
of update_sampling_rate(), it is not necessary to hold dbs_data_mutex in
that function any more.
Reported-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@arm.com>
Reported-by: Shilpasri G Bhat <shilpa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
[ rjw: Subject & changelog ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
The ondemand and conservative governors use the global-attr or freq-attr
structures to represent sysfs attributes corresponding to their tunables
(which of them is actually used depends on whether or not different
policy objects can use the same governor with different tunables at the
same time and, consequently, on where those attributes are located in
sysfs).
Unfortunately, in the freq-attr case, the standard cpufreq show/store
sysfs attribute callbacks are applied to the governor tunable attributes
and they always acquire the policy->rwsem lock before carrying out the
operation. That may lead to an ABBA deadlock if governor tunable
attributes are removed under policy->rwsem while one of them is being
accessed concurrently (if sysfs attributes removal wins the race, it
will wait for the access to complete with policy->rwsem held while the
attribute callback will block on policy->rwsem indefinitely).
We attempted to address this issue by dropping policy->rwsem around
governor tunable attributes removal (that is, around invocations of the
->governor callback with the event arg equal to CPUFREQ_GOV_POLICY_EXIT)
in cpufreq_set_policy(), but that opened up race conditions that had not
been possible with policy->rwsem held all the time. Therefore
policy->rwsem cannot be dropped in cpufreq_set_policy() at any point,
but the deadlock situation described above must be avoided too.
To that end, use the observation that in principle governor tunables may
be represented by the same data type regardless of whether the governor
is system-wide or per-policy and introduce a new structure, struct
governor_attr, for representing them and new corresponding macros for
creating show/store sysfs callbacks for them. Also make their parent
kobject use a new kobject type whose default show/store callbacks are
not related to the standard core cpufreq ones in any way (and they don't
acquire policy->rwsem in particular).
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@arm.com>
Tested-by: Shilpasri G Bhat <shilpa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ rjw: Subject & changelog + rebase ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
There are a few common tunables shared between the ondemand and
conservative governors. Move them to struct dbs_data to simplify
code.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@arm.com>
Tested-by: Shilpasri G Bhat <shilpa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ rjw: Changelog ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Some tunables are present in governor-specific structures, whereas one
(min_sampling_rate) is located directly in struct dbs_data.
There is a special macro for creating its sysfs attribute and the
show/store callbacks, but since more tunables are going to be moved
to struct dbs_data, a new generic macro for such cases will be useful,
so add it and use it for min_sampling_rate.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@arm.com>
Tested-by: Shilpasri G Bhat <shilpa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ rjw: Subject & changelog ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
The struct policy_dbs_info objects representing per-policy governor
data are not accessible directly from the corresponding policy
objects. To access them, one has to get a pointer to the
struct cpu_dbs_info of policy->cpu and use the policy_dbs field of
that which isn't really straightforward.
To address that rearrange the governor data structures so the
governor_data pointer in struct cpufreq_policy will point to
struct policy_dbs_info (instead of struct dbs_data) and that will
contain a pointer to struct dbs_data.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Since policy->cpu is always passed as the second argument to
dbs_check_cpu(), it is not really necessary to pass it, because
the function can obtain that value via its first argument just fine.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
The struct cpu_common_dbs_info structure represents the per-policy
part of the governor data (for the ondemand and conservative
governors), but its name doesn't reflect its purpose.
Rename it to struct policy_dbs_info and rename variables related to
it accordingly.
No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Since it is possible to obtain a pointer to struct dbs_governor
from a pointer to the struct governor embedded in it with the help
of container_of(), the additional gov pointer in struct dbs_data
isn't really necessary.
Drop that pointer and make the code using it reach the dbs_governor
object via policy->governor.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Since it is possible to obtain a pointer to struct dbs_governor
from a pointer to the struct governor embedded in it via
container_of(), the second argument of cpufreq_governor_init()
is not necessary. Accordingly, cpufreq_governor_dbs() doesn't
need its second argument either and the ->governor callbacks
for both the ondemand and conservative governors may be set
to cpufreq_governor_dbs() directly. Make that happen.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
The ondemand and conservative governors are represented by
struct common_dbs_data whose name doesn't reflect the purpose it
is used for, so rename it to struct dbs_governor and rename
variables of that type accordingly.
No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
For the ondemand and conservative governors (generally, governors
that use the common code in cpufreq_governor.c), there are two static
data structures representing the governor, the struct governor
structure (the interface to the cpufreq core) and the struct
common_dbs_data one (the interface to the cpufreq_governor.c code).
There's no fundamental reason why those two structures have to be
separate. Moreover, if the struct governor one is included into
struct common_dbs_data, it will be possible to reach the latter from
the policy via its policy->governor pointer, so it won't be necessary
to pass a separate pointer to it around. For this reason, embed
struct governor in struct common_dbs_data.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Every governor relying on the common code in cpufreq_governor.c
has to provide its own mutex in struct common_dbs_data. However,
there actually is no need to have a separate mutex per governor
for this purpose, they may be using the same global mutex just
fine. Accordingly, introduce a single common mutex for that and
drop the mutex field from struct common_dbs_data.
That at least will ensure that the mutex is always present and
initialized regardless of what the particular governors do.
Another benefit is that the common code does not need a pointer to
a governor-related structure to get to the mutex which sometimes
helps.
Finally, it makes the code generally easier to follow.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Instead of using a per-CPU deferrable timer for queuing up governor
work items, register a utilization update callback that will be
invoked from the scheduler on utilization changes.
The sampling rate is still the same as what was used for the
deferrable timers and the added irq_work overhead should be offset by
the eliminated timers overhead, so in theory the functional impact of
this patch should not be significant.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Gautham R. Shenoy <ego@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The preprocessor magic used for setting the default cpufreq governor
(and for using the performance governor as a fallback one for that
matter) is really nasty, so replace it with __weak functions and
overrides.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Currently update_sampling_rate() runs over each online CPU and
cancels/queues timers on all policy->cpus every time. This should be
done just once for any cpu belonging to a policy.
Create a cpumask and keep on clearing it as and when we process
policies, so that we don't have to traverse through all CPUs of the same
policy.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
cpufreq governors evaluate load at sampling rate and based on that they
update frequency for a group of CPUs belonging to the same cpufreq
policy.
This is required to be done in a single thread for all policy->cpus, but
because we don't want to wakeup idle CPUs to do just that, we use
deferrable work for this. If we would have used a single delayed
deferrable work for the entire policy, there were chances that the CPU
required to run the handler can be in idle and we might end up not
changing the frequency for the entire group with load variations.
And so we were forced to keep per-cpu works, and only the one that
expires first need to do the real work and others are rescheduled for
next sampling time.
We have been using the more complex solution until now, where we used a
delayed deferrable work for this, which is a combination of a timer and
a work.
This could be made lightweight by keeping per-cpu deferred timers with a
single work item, which is scheduled by the first timer that expires.
This patch does just that and here are important changes:
- The timer handler will run in irq context and so we need to use a
spin_lock instead of the timer_mutex. And so a separate timer_lock is
created. This also makes the use of the mutex and lock quite clear, as
we know what exactly they are protecting.
- A new field 'skip_work' is added to track when the timer handlers can
queue a work. More comments present in code.
Suggested-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Ashwin Chaugule <ashwin.chaugule@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Pass 'policy' as argument to ->gov_dbs_timer() instead of cdbs and
dbs_data.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
We are guaranteed to have works scheduled for policy->cpus, as the
policy isn't stopped yet. And so there is no need to check that again.
Drop it.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
We are comparing policy->governor against cpufreq_gov_ondemand to make
sure that we update sampling rate only for the concerned CPUs. But that
isn't enough.
In case of governor_per_policy, there can be multiple instances of
ondemand governor and we will always end up updating all of them with
current code. What we rather need to do, is to compare dbs_data with
poilcy->governor_data, which will match only for the policies governed
by dbs_data.
This code is also racy as the governor might be getting stopped at that
time and we may end up scheduling work for a policy, which we have just
disabled.
Fix that by protecting the entire function with &od_dbs_cdata.mutex,
which will prevent against races with policy START/STOP/etc.
After these locks are in place, we can safely get the policy via per-cpu
dbs_info.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
'timer_mutex' is required to sync work-handlers of policy->cpus.
update_sampling_rate() is just canceling the works and queuing them
again. This isn't protecting anything at all in update_sampling_rate()
and is not gonna be of any use.
Even if a work-handler is already running for a CPU,
cancel_delayed_work_sync() will wait for it to finish.
Drop these unnecessary locks.
Reviewed-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Some part of cs_dbs_timer() and od_dbs_timer() is exactly same and is
unnecessarily duplicated.
Create the real work-handler in cpufreq_governor.c and put the common
code in this routine (dbs_timer()).
Shouldn't make any functional change.
Reviewed-and-tested-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Some information is common to all CPUs belonging to a policy, but are
kept on per-cpu basis. Lets keep that in another structure common to all
policy->cpus. That will make updates/reads to that less complex and less
error prone.
The memory for cpu_common_dbs_info is allocated/freed at INIT/EXIT, so
that it we don't reallocate it for STOP/START sequence. It will be also
be used (in next patch) while the governor is stopped and so must not be
freed that early.
Reviewed-and-tested-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Just call it 'policy', cur_policy is unnecessarily long and doesn't
have any special meaning.
Reviewed-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Delayed work was named as 'work' and to access work within it we do
work.work. Not much readable. Rename delayed_work as 'dwork'.
Reviewed-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
There are several races reported in cpufreq core around governors (only
ondemand and conservative) by different people.
There are at least two race scenarios present in governor code:
(a) Concurrent access/updates of governor internal structures.
It is possible that fields such as 'dbs_data->usage_count', etc. are
accessed simultaneously for different policies using same governor
structure (i.e. CPUFREQ_HAVE_GOVERNOR_PER_POLICY flag unset). And
because of this we can dereference bad pointers.
For example consider a system with two CPUs with separate 'struct
cpufreq_policy' instances. CPU0 governor: ondemand and CPU1: powersave.
CPU0 switching to powersave and CPU1 to ondemand:
CPU0 CPU1
store* store*
cpufreq_governor_exit() cpufreq_governor_init()
dbs_data = cdata->gdbs_data;
if (!--dbs_data->usage_count)
kfree(dbs_data);
dbs_data->usage_count++;
*Bad pointer dereference*
There are other races possible between EXIT and START/STOP/LIMIT as
well. Its really complicated.
(b) Switching governor state in bad sequence:
For example trying to switch a governor to START state, when the
governor is in EXIT state. There are some checks present in
__cpufreq_governor() but they aren't sufficient as they compare events
against 'policy->governor_enabled', where as we need to take governor's
state into account, which can be used by multiple policies.
These two issues need to be solved separately and the responsibility
should be properly divided between cpufreq and governor core.
The first problem is more about the governor core, as it needs to
protect its structures properly. And the second problem should be fixed
in cpufreq core instead of governor, as its all about sequence of
events.
This patch is trying to solve only the first problem.
There are two types of data we need to protect,
- 'struct common_dbs_data': No matter what, there is going to be a
single copy of this per governor.
- 'struct dbs_data': With CPUFREQ_HAVE_GOVERNOR_PER_POLICY flag set, we
will have per-policy copy of this data, otherwise a single copy.
Because of such complexities, the mutex present in 'struct dbs_data' is
insufficient to solve our problem. For example we need to protect
fetching of 'dbs_data' from different structures at the beginning of
cpufreq_governor_dbs(), to make sure it isn't currently being updated.
This can be fixed if we can guarantee serialization of event parsing
code for an individual governor. This is best solved with a mutex per
governor, and the placeholder for that is 'struct common_dbs_data'.
And so this patch moves the mutex from 'struct dbs_data' to 'struct
common_dbs_data' and takes it at the beginning and drops it at the end
of cpufreq_governor_dbs().
Tested with and without following configuration options:
CONFIG_LOCKDEP_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_RT_MUTEXES=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_PI_LIST=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=y
CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING=y
CONFIG_LOCKDEP=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP=y
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Notifiers are required only for conservative governor and the common
governor code is unnecessarily polluted with that. Handle that from
cs_init/exit() instead of cpufreq_governor_dbs().
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Currently, ondemand calculates the target frequency proportional to load
using the formula:
Target frequency = C * load
where C = policy->cpuinfo.max_freq / 100
Though, in many cases, the minimum available frequency is pretty high and
the above calculation introduces a dead band from load 0 to
100 * policy->cpuinfo.min_freq / policy->cpuinfo.max_freq where the target
frequency is always calculated to less than policy->cpuinfo.min_freq and
the minimum frequency is selected.
For example: on Intel i7-3770 @ 3.4GHz the policy->cpuinfo.min_freq = 1600000
and the policy->cpuinfo.max_freq = 3400000 (without turbo). Thus, the CPU
starts to scale up at a load above 47.
On quad core 1500MHz Krait the policy->cpuinfo.min_freq = 384000
and the policy->cpuinfo.max_freq = 1512000. Thus, the CPU starts to scale
at load above 25.
Change the calculation of target frequency to eliminate the above effect using
the formula:
Target frequency = A + B * load
where A = policy->cpuinfo.min_freq and
B = (policy->cpuinfo.max_freq - policy->cpuinfo->min_freq) / 100
This will map load values 0 to 100 linearly to cpuinfo.min_freq to
cpuinfo.max_freq.
Also, use the CPUFREQ_RELATION_C in __cpufreq_driver_target to select the
closest frequency in frequency_table. This is necessary to avoid selection
of minimum frequency only when load equals to 0. It will also help for selection
of frequencies using a more 'fair' criterion.
Tables below show the difference in selected frequency for specific values
of load without and with this patch. On Intel i7-3770 @ 3.40GHz:
Without With
Load Target Selected Target Selected
0 0 1600000 1600000 1600000
5 170050 1600000 1690050 1700000
10 340100 1600000 1780100 1700000
15 510150 1600000 1870150 1900000
20 680200 1600000 1960200 2000000
25 850250 1600000 2050250 2100000
30 1020300 1600000 2140300 2100000
35 1190350 1600000 2230350 2200000
40 1360400 1600000 2320400 2400000
45 1530450 1600000 2410450 2400000
50 1700500 1900000 2500500 2500000
55 1870550 1900000 2590550 2600000
60 2040600 2100000 2680600 2600000
65 2210650 2400000 2770650 2800000
70 2380700 2400000 2860700 2800000
75 2550750 2600000 2950750 3000000
80 2720800 2800000 3040800 3000000
85 2890850 2900000 3130850 3100000
90 3060900 3100000 3220900 3300000
95 3230950 3300000 3310950 3300000
100 3401000 3401000 3401000 3401000
On ARM quad core 1500MHz Krait:
Without With
Load Target Selected Target Selected
0 0 384000 384000 384000
5 75600 384000 440400 486000
10 151200 384000 496800 486000
15 226800 384000 553200 594000
20 302400 384000 609600 594000
25 378000 384000 666000 702000
30 453600 486000 722400 702000
35 529200 594000 778800 810000
40 604800 702000 835200 810000
45 680400 702000 891600 918000
50 756000 810000 948000 918000
55 831600 918000 1004400 1026000
60 907200 918000 1060800 1026000
65 982800 1026000 1117200 1134000
70 1058400 1134000 1173600 1134000
75 1134000 1134000 1230000 1242000
80 1209600 1242000 1286400 1242000
85 1285200 1350000 1342800 1350000
90 1360800 1458000 1399200 1350000
95 1436400 1458000 1455600 1458000
100 1512000 1512000 1512000 1512000
Tested on Intel i7-3770 CPU @ 3.40GHz and on ARM quad core 1500MHz Krait
(Android smartphone).
Benchmarks on Intel i7 shows a performance improvement on low and medium
work loads with lower power consumption. Specifics:
Phoronix Linux Kernel Compilation 3.1:
Time: -0.40%, energy: -0.07%
Phoronix Apache:
Time: -4.98%, energy: -2.35%
Phoronix FFMPEG:
Time: -6.29%, energy: -4.02%
Also, running mp3 decoding (very low load) shows no differences with and
without this patch.
Signed-off-by: Stratos Karafotis <stratosk@semaphore.gr>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
After commit dfa5bb6225 (cpufreq: ondemand: Change the calculation
of target frequency), this return statement is no longer needed.
Reported-by: Henrik Nilsson <Karl.Henrik.Nilsson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stratos Karafotis <stratosk@semaphore.gr>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Function __cpufreq_driver_target() checks if target_freq is within
policy->min and policy->max range. generic_powersave_bias_target() also
checks if target_freq is valid via a cpufreq_frequency_table_target()
call. So, drop the unnecessary duplicate check in *_check_cpu().
Signed-off-by: Stratos Karafotis <stratosk@semaphore.gr>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Chapter 14 of Documentation/CodingStyle says:
The preferred form for passing a size of a struct is the following:
p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), ...);
The alternative form where struct name is spelled out hurts
readability and introduces an opportunity for a bug when the pointer
variable type is changed but the corresponding sizeof that is passed
to a memory allocator is not.
This wasn't followed consistently in drivers/cpufreq, let's make it
more consistent by always following this rule.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
They are called policy, cur_policy, new_policy, data, etc. Just call
them policy wherever possible.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
This patch addresses the following issues in the header files in the
cpufreq core:
- Include headers in ascending order, so that we don't add same
many times by mistake.
- <asm/> must be included after <linux/>, so that they override
whatever they need to.
- Remove unnecessary includes.
- Don't include files already included by cpufreq.h or
cpufreq_governor.h.
[rjw: Changelog]
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Rafael J. Wysocki