Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Move the shadow stats scale computation to the
perf_stat__update_shadow_stats() function, so it's centralized and we
don't forget to do it. It also saves few lines of code.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Changbin Du <changbin.du@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-htg7mmyxv6pcrf57qyo6msid@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Some of the metrics formulas (like GFLOPs) need to know how long the
measurement period is. Support an internal event called duration_time,
which reports time in second. It maps to the dummy event, but is special
cased for statistics to report the walltime duration.
So far it is not printed, but only used internally for metrics.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170831194036.30146-10-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We don't need to use ctx to look up events for saved values. The
context is already part of the evsel pointer, which is the primary key.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170831194036.30146-9-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add generic support for standalone metrics specified in JSON files to
perf stat. A metric is a formula that uses multiple events to compute a
higher level result (e.g. IPC).
Previously metrics were always tied to an event and automatically
enabled with that event. But now change it that we can have standalone
metrics. They are in the same JSON data structure as events, but don't
have an event name.
We also allow to organize the metrics in metric groups, which allows a
short cut to select several related metrics at once.
Add a new -M / --metrics option to perf stat that adds the metrics or
metric groups specified.
Add the core code to manage and parse the metric groups. They are
collected from the JSON data structures into a separate rblist. When
computing shadow values look for metrics in that list. Then they are
computed using the existing saved values infrastructure in stat-shadow.c
The actual JSON metrics are in a separate pull request.
% perf stat -M Summary --metric-only -a sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
Instructions CLKS CPU_Utilization GFLOPs SMT_2T_Utilization Kernel_Utilization
317614222.0 1392930775.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1
1.001497549 seconds time elapsed
% perf stat -M GFLOPs flops
Performance counter stats for 'flops':
3,999,541,471 fp_comp_ops_exe.sse_scalar_single # 1.2 GFLOPs (66.65%)
14 fp_comp_ops_exe.sse_scalar_double (66.65%)
0 fp_comp_ops_exe.sse_packed_double (66.67%)
0 fp_comp_ops_exe.sse_packed_single (66.70%)
0 simd_fp_256.packed_double (66.70%)
0 simd_fp_256.packed_single (66.67%)
0 duration_time
3.238372845 seconds time elapsed
v2: Add missing header file
v3: Move find_map to pmu.c
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170831194036.30146-7-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Print the generic metric header even when the expression evaluation
failed. Otherwise an expression that fails on the first collections due
to division by zero may suddenly reappear later without an header.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170831194036.30146-5-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The 'perf stat' shadow metric printing already supports generic metrics.
Factor out the code doing that into a separate function that can be
re-used in a later patch.
No behavior changes.
v2: Fix indentation
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170831194036.30146-4-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The stat shadow saved values rbtree is indexed by a pointer. Fix the
comparison function:
- We cannot return a pointer delta as an int because that loses bits on
64bit.
- Doing pointer arithmetic on the struct pointer only works if the
objects are spaced by the multiple of the object size, which is not
guaranteed for individual malloc'ed object
Replace it with a proper comparison.
This fixes various problems with values not being found.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724234015.5165-4-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Implementing a new --smi-cost mode in perf stat to measure SMI cost.
During the measurement, the /sys/device/cpu/freeze_on_smi will be set.
The measurement can be done with one counter (unhalted core cycles), and
two free running MSR counters (IA32_APERF and SMI_COUNT).
In practice, the percentages of SMI core cycles should be more useful
than absolute value. So the output will be the percentage of SMI core
cycles and SMI#. metric_only will be set by default.
SMI cycles% = (aperf - unhalted core cycles) / aperf
Here is an example output.
Performance counter stats for 'sudo echo ':
SMI cycles% SMI#
0.1% 1
0.010858678 seconds time elapsed
Users who wants to get the actual value can apply additional
--no-metric-only.
Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <Kan.liang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Robert Elliott <elliott@hpe.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495825538-5230-3-git-send-email-kan.liang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add support for a new JSON event attribute to name MetricExpr for better
output in perf stat.
If the event has no MetricName it uses the normal event name instead to
describe the metric.
Before
% perf stat -a -I 1000 -e '{unc_p_clockticks,unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles}' --metric-only
time unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles
1.000149775 15.7
2.000344807 19.3
3.000502544 16.7
4.000640656 6.6
5.000779955 9.9
After
% perf stat -a -I 1000 -e '{unc_p_clockticks,unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles}' --metric-only
time freq_max_os_cycles %
1.000149775 15.7
2.000344807 19.3
3.000502544 16.7
4.000640656 6.6
5.000779955 9.9
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170320201711.14142-13-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add generic infrastructure to perf stat to output ratios for
"MetricExpr" entries in the event lists. Many events are more useful as
ratios than in raw form, typically some count in relation to total
ticks.
Transfer the MetricExpr information from the alias to the evsel.
We mark the events that need to be collected for MetricExpr, and also
link the events using them with a pointer. The code is careful to always
prefer the right event in the same group to minimize multiplexing
errors. At the moment only a single relation is supported.
Then add a rblist to the stat shadow code that remembers stats based on
the cpu and context.
Then finally update and retrieve and print these values similarly to the
existing hardcoded perf metrics. We use the simple expression parser
added earlier to evaluate the expression.
Normally we just output the result without further commentary, but for
--metric-only this would lead to empty columns. So for this case use the
original event as description.
There is no attempt to automatically add the MetricExpr event, if it is
missing, however we suggest it to the user, because the user tool
doesn't have enough information to reliably construct a group that is
guaranteed to schedule. So we leave that to the user.
% perf stat -a -I 1000 -e '{unc_p_clockticks,unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles}'
1.000147889 800,085,181 unc_p_clockticks
1.000147889 93,126,241 unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles # 11.6
2.000448381 800,218,217 unc_p_clockticks
2.000448381 142,516,095 unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles # 17.8
3.000639852 800,243,057 unc_p_clockticks
3.000639852 162,292,689 unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles # 20.3
% perf stat -a -I 1000 -e '{unc_p_clockticks,unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles}' --metric-only
# time freq_max_os_cycles %
1.000127077 0.9
2.000301436 0.7
3.000456379 0.0
v2: Change from DivideBy to MetricExpr
v3: Use expr__ prefix. Support more than one other event.
v4: Update description
v5: Only print warning message once for multiple PMUs.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170320201711.14142-11-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Implement the TopDown formulas in 'perf stat'. The topdown basic metrics
reported by the kernel are collected, and the formulas are computed and
output as normal metrics.
See the kernel commit exporting the events for details on the used
metrics.
Committer note:
Output example:
# perf stat --topdown -a usleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
retiring bad speculation frontend bound backend bound
S0-C0 2 23.8% 11.6% 28.3% 36.3%
S0-C1 2 16.2% 15.7% 36.5% 31.6%
0.000579956 seconds time elapsed
#
v2: Always print all metrics, only use thresholds for coloring.
v3: Mark retiring over threshold green, not red.
v4: Only print one decimal digit
Fix color printing of one metric
v5: Avoid printing -0.0
v6: Remove extra frontend event lookup
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464119559-17203-2-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Currently only the task-clock event updates the runtime_nsec so it
cannot show the metric when using cpu-clock events. However cpu clock
works basically same as task-clock, so no need to not update the runtime
IMHO.
Before:
# perf stat -a -e cpu-clock,context-switches,page-faults,cycles sleep 0.1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
1217.759506 cpu-clock (msec)
93 context-switches
61 page-faults
18,958,022 cycles
0.101393794 seconds time elapsed
After:
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
1220.471884 cpu-clock (msec) # 12.013 CPUs utilized
118 context-switches # 0.097 K/sec
59 page-faults # 0.048 K/sec
17,941,247 cycles # 0.015 GHz
0.101594777 seconds time elapsed
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463119263-5569-2-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
All over the tree.
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-8nzhnokxyp8y4v7gf0j00oyb@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add an extra check for frontend stalled in the metrics. This avoids an
extra column for the --metric-only case when the CPU does not support
frontend stalled.
v2: Add separate init function
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1456858672-21594-8-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Now support CSV output for metrics. With the new output callbacks this
is relatively straight forward by creating new callbacks.
This allows to easily plot metrics from CSV files.
The new line callback needs to know the number of fields to skip them
correctly
Example output before:
% perf stat -x, true
0.200687,,task-clock,200687,100.00
0,,context-switches,200687,100.00
0,,cpu-migrations,200687,100.00
40,,page-faults,200687,100.00
730871,,cycles,203601,100.00
551056,,stalled-cycles-frontend,203601,100.00
<not supported>,,stalled-cycles-backend,0,100.00
385523,,instructions,203601,100.00
78028,,branches,203601,100.00
3946,,branch-misses,203601,100.00
After:
% perf stat -x, true
.502457,,task-clock,502457,100.00,0.485,CPUs utilized
0,,context-switches,502457,100.00,0.000,K/sec
0,,cpu-migrations,502457,100.00,0.000,K/sec
45,,page-faults,502457,100.00,0.090,M/sec
644692,,cycles,509102,100.00,1.283,GHz
423470,,stalled-cycles-frontend,509102,100.00,65.69,frontend cycles idle
<not supported>,,stalled-cycles-backend,0,100.00,,,,
492701,,instructions,509102,100.00,0.76,insn per cycle
,,,,,0.86,stalled cycles per insn
97767,,branches,509102,100.00,194.578,M/sec
4788,,branch-misses,509102,100.00,4.90,of all branches
or easier readable
$ perf stat -x, -o x.csv true
$ column -s, -t x.csv
0.490635 task-clock 490635 100.00 0.489 CPUs utilized
0 context-switches 490635 100.00 0.000 K/sec
0 cpu-migrations 490635 100.00 0.000 K/sec
45 page-faults 490635 100.00 0.092 M/sec
629080 cycles 497698 100.00 1.282 GHz
409498 stalled-cycles-frontend 497698 100.00 65.09 frontend cycles idle
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend 0 100.00
491424 instructions 497698 100.00 0.78 insn per cycle
0.83 stalled cycles per insn
97278 branches 497698 100.00 198.270 M/sec
4569 branch-misses 497698 100.00 4.70 of all branches
Two new fields are added: metric value and metric name.
v2: Split out function argument changes
v3: Reenable metrics for real.
v4: Fix wrong hunk from refactoring.
v5: Remove extra "noise" printing (Jiri), but add it to the not counted case.
Print empty metrics for not counted.
v6: Avoid outputting metric on empty format.
v7: Print metric at the end
v8: Remove extra run, ena fields
v9: Avoid extra new line for unsupported counters
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1456785386-19481-3-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Abstract the printing of shadow metrics. Instead of every metric calling
fprintf directly and taking care of indentation, use two call backs: one
to print metrics and another to start a new line.
This will allow adding metrics to CSV mode and also using them for other
purposes.
The computation of padding is now done in the central callback, instead
of every metric doing it manually. This makes it easier to add new
metrics.
v2: Refactor functions, printout now does more. Move
shadow printing. Improve fallback callbacks. Don't
use void * callback data.
v3: Remove unnecessary hunk. Add typedef for new_line
v4: Remove unnecessary hunk. Don't print metrics for CSV/interval
mode yet. Move printout change to separate patch.
v5: Fix bisect bugs. Avoid bogus frontend cycles printing.
Fix indentation in different aggregation modes.
v6: Delay newline handling
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1454173616-17710-2-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The sw clock metrics printing was missed in the earlier move to
stat-shadow of all the other metric printouts. Move it too.
v2: Fix metrics printing in this version to make bisect safe.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1446515428-7450-2-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The transaction length metrics in perf stat -T broke recently.
It would not match the metric correctly and always print K/sec.
This was caused by a incorrect update of the cycles_in_tx statistics.
Update the correct variable.
Also the check for zero division was reversed, which resulted in K/sec
being printed for no transactions. Fix this also up.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1438039491-22091-1-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Separating shadow counters code into separate object as a cleanup, but
mainly for upcomming changes, so could use it from script command
context.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1433341559-31848-10-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Ingo Molnar