Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
In the memory offline test, the $ration was used with RANDOM as the
possibility to get it offlined, correct it to become the portion of
available removable memory blocks.
Also ask the tool to try to offline the next available memory block
if the attempt is unsuccessful. It will only fail if all removable
memory blocks are busy.
A nice example:
$ sudo ./test.sh
Test scope: 10% hotplug memory
online all hot-pluggable memory in offline state:
SKIPPED - no hot-pluggable memory in offline state
offline 10% hot-pluggable memory in online state
trying to offline 3 out of 28 memory block(s):
online->offline memory1
online->offline memory10
./test.sh: line 74: echo: write error: Resource temporarily unavailable
offline_memory_expect_success 10: unexpected fail
online->offline memory100
online->offline memory101
online all hot-pluggable memory in offline state:
offline->online memory1
offline->online memory100
offline->online memory101
skip extra tests: debugfs is not mounted
$ echo $?
0
Signed-off-by: Po-Hsu Lin <po-hsu.lin@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
There is no prompt for testing memory notifier error injection,
added with the same echo format of other tests above.
Signed-off-by: Po-Hsu Lin <po-hsu.lin@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Check the precentage range for -r flag in memory-hotplug test.
Signed-off-by: Po-Hsu Lin <po-hsu.lin@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Check for hot-pluggable memory availability in prerequisite() of the
memory-hotplug test.
Signed-off-by: Po-Hsu Lin <po-hsu.lin@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Typo fixed for hotpluggable_offline_memory() in memory-hotplug test.
Signed-off-by: Po-Hsu Lin <po-hsu.lin@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Create the config file in each directory of testcase which need
more kernel configuration than the default defconfig. User could
use these configs with merge_config.sh script:
Enable config for specific testcase:
(export ARCH=xxx #for cross compiling)
./scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh .config \
tools/testing/selftests/xxx/config
Enable configs for all testcases:
(export ARCH=xxx #for cross compiling)
./scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh .config \
tools/testing/selftests/*/config
Signed-off-by: Bamvor Jian Zhang <bamvor.zhangjian@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
cpu and memory hotplug scripts use the same name. Change
memory on-off-test.sh to mem-on-off-test.sh.
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This adds make install support to selftests. The basic usage is:
$ cd tools/testing/selftests
$ make install
That installs into tools/testing/selftests/install, which can then be
copied where ever necessary.
The install destination is also configurable using eg:
$ INSTALL_PATH=/mnt/selftests make install
The implementation uses two targets in the child makefiles. The first
"install" is expected to install all files into $(INSTALL_PATH).
The second, "emit_tests", is expected to emit the test instructions (ie.
bash script) on stdout. Separating this from install means the child
makefiles need no knowledge of the location of the test script.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
This adds a Make include file which most selftests can then include to
get the run_tests logic.
On its own this has the advantage of some reduction in repetition, and
also means the pass/fail message is defined in fewer places.
However the key advantage is it will allow us to implement install very
simply in a subsequent patch.
The default implementation just executes each program in $(TEST_PROGS).
We use a variable to hold the default implementation of $(RUN_TESTS)
because that gives us a clean way to override it if necessary, ie. using
override. The mount, memory-hotplug and mqueue tests use that to provide
a different implementation.
Tests are not run via /bin/bash, so if they are scripts they must be
executable, we add a+x to several.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
On some systems, hot-plug tests could hang forever waiting for cpu and
memory to be ready to be offlined. A special hot-plug target is created
to run full range of hot-plug tests. In default mode, hot-plug tests run
in safe mode with a limited scope. In limited mode, cpu-hotplug test is
run on a single cpu as opposed to all hotplug capable cpus, and memory
hotplug test is run on 2% of hotplug capable memory instead of 10%. In
addition to the above change, cpu-hotplug is chnged to change processor
affinity to cpu 0 so it doesn't impact itself while the test runs.
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuah.kh@samsung.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
on-off-test is a bash script and invoked from /bin/sh
This results in the following error:
./on-off-test.sh: 9: [: !=: unexpected operator
Changed Makefile to use bash instead.
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuah.kh@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The x bit can easily get lost (patch(1) loses it, for example).
Reported-by: Ramkumar Ramachandra <artagnon@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds two selftests
* tools/testing/selftests/cpu-hotplug/on-off-test.sh is testing script
for CPU hotplug
1. Online all hot-pluggable CPUs
2. Offline all hot-pluggable CPUs
3. Online all hot-pluggable CPUs again
4. Exit if cpu-notifier-error-inject.ko is not available
5. Offline all hot-pluggable CPUs in preparation for testing
6. Test CPU hot-add error handling by injecting notifier errors
7. Online all hot-pluggable CPUs in preparation for testing
8. Test CPU hot-remove error handling by injecting notifier errors
* tools/testing/selftests/memory-hotplug/on-off-test.sh is doing the
similar thing for memory hotplug.
1. Online all hot-pluggable memory
2. Offline 10% of hot-pluggable memory
3. Online all hot-pluggable memory again
4. Exit if memory-notifier-error-inject.ko is not available
5. Offline 10% of hot-pluggable memory in preparation for testing
6. Test memory hot-add error handling by injecting notifier errors
7. Online all hot-pluggable memory in preparation for testing
8. Test memory hot-remove error handling by injecting notifier errors
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Greg Kroah-Hartman