mirror of https://gitee.com/openkylin/linux.git
228 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date |
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Kirill A. Shutemov
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ddc58f27f9 |
mm: drop tail page refcounting
Tail page refcounting is utterly complicated and painful to support. It uses ->_mapcount on tail pages to store how many times this page is pinned. get_page() bumps ->_mapcount on tail page in addition to ->_count on head. This information is required by split_huge_page() to be able to distribute pins from head of compound page to tails during the split. We will need ->_mapcount to account PTE mappings of subpages of the compound page. We eliminate need in current meaning of ->_mapcount in tail pages by forbidding split entirely if the page is pinned. The only user of tail page refcounting is THP which is marked BROKEN for now. Let's drop all this mess. It makes get_page() and put_page() much simpler. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Tested-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Steve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Kirill A. Shutemov
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d00181b96e |
mm: use 'unsigned int' for page order
Let's try to be consistent about data type of page order. [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: fix build (type of pageblock_order)] [hughd@google.com: some configs end up with MAX_ORDER and pageblock_order having different types] Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Kirill A. Shutemov
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1d798ca3f1 |
mm: make compound_head() robust
Hugh has pointed that compound_head() call can be unsafe in some
context. There's one example:
CPU0 CPU1
isolate_migratepages_block()
page_count()
compound_head()
!!PageTail() == true
put_page()
tail->first_page = NULL
head = tail->first_page
alloc_pages(__GFP_COMP)
prep_compound_page()
tail->first_page = head
__SetPageTail(p);
!!PageTail() == true
<head == NULL dereferencing>
The race is pure theoretical. I don't it's possible to trigger it in
practice. But who knows.
We can fix the race by changing how encode PageTail() and compound_head()
within struct page to be able to update them in one shot.
The patch introduces page->compound_head into third double word block in
front of compound_dtor and compound_order. Bit 0 encodes PageTail() and
the rest bits are pointer to head page if bit zero is set.
The patch moves page->pmd_huge_pte out of word, just in case if an
architecture defines pgtable_t into something what can have the bit 0
set.
hugetlb_cgroup uses page->lru.next in the second tail page to store
pointer struct hugetlb_cgroup. The patch switch it to use page->private
in the second tail page instead. The space is free since ->first_page is
removed from the union.
The patch also opens possibility to remove HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER
limitation, since there's now space in first tail page to store struct
hugetlb_cgroup pointer. But that's out of scope of the patch.
That means page->compound_head shares storage space with:
- page->lru.next;
- page->next;
- page->rcu_head.next;
That's too long list to be absolutely sure, but looks like nobody uses
bit 0 of the word.
page->rcu_head.next guaranteed[1] to have bit 0 clean as long as we use
call_rcu(), call_rcu_bh(), call_rcu_sched(), or call_srcu(). But future
call_rcu_lazy() is not allowed as it makes use of the bit and we can
get false positive PageTail().
[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/g/20150827163634.GD4029@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Mel Gorman
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dd56b04642 |
mm: page_alloc: hide some GFP internals and document the bits and flag combinations
Andrew stated the following We have quite a history of remote parts of the kernel using weird/wrong/inexplicable combinations of __GFP_ flags. I tend to think that this is because we didn't adequately explain the interface. And I don't think that gfp.h really improved much in this area as a result of this patchset. Could you go through it some time and decide if we've adequately documented all this stuff? This patches first moves some GFP flag combinations that are part of the MM internals to mm/internal.h. The rest of the patch documents the __GFP_FOO bits under various headings and then documents the flag combinations. It will not help callers that are brain damaged but the clarity might motivate some fixes and avoid future mistakes. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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c9ab0c4fbe |
mm, page_alloc: remove unnecessary recalculations for dirty zone balancing
File-backed pages that will be immediately written are balanced between zones. This heuristic tries to avoid having a single zone filled with recently dirtied pages but the checks are unnecessarily expensive. Move consider_zone_balanced into the alloc_context instead of checking bitmaps multiple times. The patch also gives the parameter a more meaningful name. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Hugh Dickins
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51afb12ba8 |
mm: page migration fix PageMlocked on migrated pages
Commit
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Joonsoo Kim
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1a16718cf7 |
mm/compaction: correct to flush migrated pages if pageblock skip happens
We cache isolate_start_pfn before entering isolate_migratepages(). If pageblock is skipped in isolate_migratepages() due to whatever reason, cc->migrate_pfn can be far from isolate_start_pfn hence we flush pages that were freed. For example, the following scenario can be possible: - assume order-9 compaction, pageblock order is 9 - start_isolate_pfn is 0x200 - isolate_migratepages() - skip a number of pageblocks - start to isolate from pfn 0x600 - cc->migrate_pfn = 0x620 - return - last_migrated_pfn is set to 0x200 - check flushing condition - current_block_start is set to 0x600 - last_migrated_pfn < current_block_start then do useless flush This wrong flush would not help the performance and success rate so this patch tries to fix it. One simple way to know the exact position where we start to isolate migratable pages is that we cache it in isolate_migratepages() before entering actual isolation. This patch implements that and fixes the problem. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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d950c9477d |
mm: defer flush of writable TLB entries
If a PTE is unmapped and it's dirty then it was writable recently. Due to deferred TLB flushing, it's best to assume a writable TLB cache entry exists. With that assumption, the TLB must be flushed before any IO can start or the page is freed to avoid lost writes or data corruption. This patch defers flushing of potentially writable TLBs as long as possible. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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72b252aed5 |
mm: send one IPI per CPU to TLB flush all entries after unmapping pages
An IPI is sent to flush remote TLBs when a page is unmapped that was
potentially accesssed by other CPUs. There are many circumstances where
this happens but the obvious one is kswapd reclaiming pages belonging to a
running process as kswapd and the task are likely running on separate
CPUs.
On small machines, this is not a significant problem but as machine gets
larger with more cores and more memory, the cost of these IPIs can be
high. This patch uses a simple structure that tracks CPUs that
potentially have TLB entries for pages being unmapped. When the unmapping
is complete, the full TLB is flushed on the assumption that a refill cost
is lower than flushing individual entries.
Architectures wishing to do this must give the following guarantee.
If a clean page is unmapped and not immediately flushed, the
architecture must guarantee that a write to that linear address
from a CPU with a cached TLB entry will trap a page fault.
This is essentially what the kernel already depends on but the window is
much larger with this patch applied and is worth highlighting. The
architecture should consider whether the cost of the full TLB flush is
higher than sending an IPI to flush each individual entry. An additional
architecture helper called flush_tlb_local is required. It's a trivial
wrapper with some accounting in the x86 case.
The impact of this patch depends on the workload as measuring any benefit
requires both mapped pages co-located on the LRU and memory pressure. The
case with the biggest impact is multiple processes reading mapped pages
taken from the vm-scalability test suite. The test case uses NR_CPU
readers of mapped files that consume 10*RAM.
Linear mapped reader on a 4-node machine with 64G RAM and 48 CPUs
4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1
vanilla flushfull-v7
Ops lru-file-mmap-read-elapsed 159.62 ( 0.00%) 120.68 ( 24.40%)
Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_range 30.59 ( 0.00%) 2.80 ( 90.85%)
Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_stddv 6.70 ( 0.00%) 0.64 ( 90.38%)
4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1
vanilla flushfull-v7
User 581.00 611.43
System 5804.93 4111.76
Elapsed 161.03 122.12
This is showing that the readers completed 24.40% faster with 29% less
system CPU time. From vmstats, it is known that the vanilla kernel was
interrupted roughly 900K times per second during the steady phase of the
test and the patched kernel was interrupts 180K times per second.
The impact is lower on a single socket machine.
4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1
vanilla flushfull-v7
Ops lru-file-mmap-read-elapsed 25.33 ( 0.00%) 20.38 ( 19.54%)
Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_range 0.91 ( 0.00%) 1.44 (-58.24%)
Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_stddv 0.28 ( 0.00%) 0.47 (-65.34%)
4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1
vanilla flushfull-v7
User 58.09 57.64
System 111.82 76.56
Elapsed 27.29 22.55
It's still a noticeable improvement with vmstat showing interrupts went
from roughly 500K per second to 45K per second.
The patch will have no impact on workloads with no memory pressure or have
relatively few mapped pages. It will have an unpredictable impact on the
workload running on the CPU being flushed as it'll depend on how many TLB
entries need to be refilled and how long that takes. Worst case, the TLB
will be completely cleared of active entries when the target PFNs were not
resident at all.
[sasha.levin@oracle.com: trace tlb flush after disabling preemption in try_to_unmap_flush]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Mel Gorman
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0e1cc95b4c |
mm: meminit: finish initialisation of struct pages before basic setup
Waiman Long reported that 24TB machines hit OOM during basic setup when struct page initialisation was deferred. One approach is to initialise memory on demand but it interferes with page allocator paths. This patch creates dedicated threads to initialise memory before basic setup. It then blocks on a rw_semaphore until completion as a wait_queue and counter is overkill. This may be slower to boot but it's simplier overall and also gets rid of a section mangling which existed so kswapd could do the initialisation. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: include rwsem.h, use DECLARE_RWSEM, fix comment, remove unneeded cast] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com Cc: Nathan Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com> Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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74033a798f |
mm: meminit: remove mminit_verify_page_links
mminit_verify_page_links() is an extremely paranoid check that was introduced when memory initialisation was being heavily reworked. Profiles indicated that up to 10% of parallel memory initialisation was spent on checking this for every page. The cost could be reduced but in practice this check only found problems very early during the initialisation rewrite and has found nothing since. This patch removes an expensive unnecessary check. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com> Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com> Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com> Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com> Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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7e18adb4f8 |
mm: meminit: initialise remaining struct pages in parallel with kswapd
Only a subset of struct pages are initialised at the moment. When this patch is applied kswapd initialise the remaining struct pages in parallel. This should boot faster by spreading the work to multiple CPUs and initialising data that is local to the CPU. The user-visible effect on large machines is that free memory will appear to rapidly increase early in the lifetime of the system until kswapd reports that all memory is initialised in the kernel log. Once initialised there should be no other user-visibile effects. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com> Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com> Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com> Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com> Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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3a80a7fa79 |
mm: meminit: initialise a subset of struct pages if CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is set
This patch initalises all low memory struct pages and 2G of the highest zone on each node during memory initialisation if CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is set. That config option cannot be set but will be available in a later patch. Parallel initialisation of struct page depends on some features from memory hotplug and it is necessary to alter alter section annotations. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com> Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com> Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com> Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com> Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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d70ddd7a5d |
mm: page_alloc: pass PFN to __free_pages_bootmem
__free_pages_bootmem prepares a page for release to the buddy allocator and assumes that the struct page is initialised. Parallel initialisation of struct pages defers initialisation and __free_pages_bootmem can be called for struct pages that cannot yet map struct page to PFN. This patch passes PFN to __free_pages_bootmem with no other functional change. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com> Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com> Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com> Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com> Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Jason Low
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4db0c3c298 |
mm: remove rest of ACCESS_ONCE() usages
We converted some of the usages of ACCESS_ONCE to READ_ONCE in the mm/ tree since it doesn't work reliably on non-scalar types. This patch removes the rest of the usages of ACCESS_ONCE, and use the new READ_ONCE API for the read accesses. This makes things cleaner, instead of using separate/multiple sets of APIs. Signed-off-by: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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2149cdaef6 |
mm/compaction: enhance compaction finish condition
Compaction has anti fragmentation algorithm. It is that freepage should be more than pageblock order to finish the compaction if we don't find any freepage in requested migratetype buddy list. This is for mitigating fragmentation, but, there is a lack of migratetype consideration and it is too excessive compared to page allocator's anti fragmentation algorithm. Not considering migratetype would cause premature finish of compaction. For example, if allocation request is for unmovable migratetype, freepage with CMA migratetype doesn't help that allocation and compaction should not be stopped. But, current logic regards this situation as compaction is no longer needed, so finish the compaction. Secondly, condition is too excessive compared to page allocator's logic. We can steal freepage from other migratetype and change pageblock migratetype on more relaxed conditions in page allocator. This is designed to prevent fragmentation and we can use it here. Imposing hard constraint only to the compaction doesn't help much in this case since page allocator would cause fragmentation again. To solve these problems, this patch borrows anti fragmentation logic from page allocator. It will reduce premature compaction finish in some cases and reduce excessive compaction work. stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows considerable increase of compaction success rate. Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %) 31.82 : 42.20 I tested it on non-reboot 5 runs stress-highalloc benchmark and found that there is no more degradation on allocation success rate than before. That roughly means that this patch doesn't result in more fragmentations. Vlastimil suggests additional idea that we only test for fallbacks when migration scanner has scanned a whole pageblock. It looked good for fragmentation because chance of stealing increase due to making more free pages in certain pageblock. So, I tested it, but, it results in decreased compaction success rate, roughly 38.00. I guess the reason that if system is low memory condition, watermark check could be failed due to not enough order 0 free page and so, sometimes, we can't reach a fallback check although migrate_pfn is aligned to pageblock_nr_pages. I can insert code to cope with this situation but it makes code more complicated so I don't include his idea at this patch. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_CMA=n build] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Kirill A. Shutemov
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fc05f56621 |
mm: rename __mlock_vma_pages_range() to populate_vma_page_range()
__mlock_vma_pages_range() doesn't necessarily mlock pages. It depends on
vma flags. The same codepath is used for MAP_POPULATE.
Let's rename __mlock_vma_pages_range() to populate_vma_page_range().
This patch also drops mlock_vma_pages_range() references from
documentation. It has gone in
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Rasmus Villemoes
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fc5199d1a9 |
mm/internal.h: don't split printk call in two
All users of mminit_dprintk pass a compile-time constant as level, so this just makes gcc emit a single printk call instead of two. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Vishnu Pratap Singh <vishnu.ps@samsung.com> Cc: Pintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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1a6d53a105 |
mm: reduce try_to_compact_pages parameters
Expand the usage of the struct alloc_context introduced in the previous patch also for calling try_to_compact_pages(), to reduce the number of its parameters. Since the function is in different compilation unit, we need to move alloc_context definition in the shared mm/internal.h header. With this change we get simpler code and small savings of code size and stack usage: add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-27 (-27) function old new delta __alloc_pages_direct_compact 283 256 -27 add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-13 (-13) function old new delta try_to_compact_pages 582 569 -13 Stack usage of __alloc_pages_direct_compact goes from 24 to none (per scripts/checkstack.pl). Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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6bace090a2 |
mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit
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Vlastimil Babka
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ebff398017 |
mm, compaction: pass classzone_idx and alloc_flags to watermark checking
Compaction relies on zone watermark checks for decisions such as if it's worth to start compacting in compaction_suitable() or whether compaction should stop in compact_finished(). The watermark checks take classzone_idx and alloc_flags parameters, which are related to the memory allocation request. But from the context of compaction they are currently passed as 0, including the direct compaction which is invoked to satisfy the allocation request, and could therefore know the proper values. The lack of proper values can lead to mismatch between decisions taken during compaction and decisions related to the allocation request. Lack of proper classzone_idx value means that lowmem_reserve is not taken into account. This has manifested (during recent changes to deferred compaction) when DMA zone was used as fallback for preferred Normal zone. compaction_suitable() without proper classzone_idx would think that the watermarks are already satisfied, but watermark check in get_page_from_freelist() would fail. Because of this problem, deferring compaction has extra complexity that can be removed in the following patch. The issue (not confirmed in practice) with missing alloc_flags is opposite in nature. For allocations that include ALLOC_HIGH, ALLOC_HIGHER or ALLOC_CMA in alloc_flags (the last includes all MOVABLE allocations on CMA-enabled systems) the watermark checking in compaction with 0 passed will be stricter than in get_page_from_freelist(). In these cases compaction might be running for a longer time than is really needed. Another issue compaction_suitable() is that the check for "does the zone need compaction at all?" comes only after the check "does the zone have enough free free pages to succeed compaction". The latter considers extra pages for migration and can therefore in some situations fail and return COMPACT_SKIPPED, although the high-order allocation would succeed and we should return COMPACT_PARTIAL. This patch fixes these problems by adding alloc_flags and classzone_idx to struct compact_control and related functions involved in direct compaction and watermark checking. Where possible, all other callers of compaction_suitable() pass proper values where those are known. This is currently limited to classzone_idx, which is sometimes known in kswapd context. However, the direct reclaim callers should_continue_reclaim() and compaction_ready() do not currently know the proper values, so the coordination between reclaim and compaction may still not be as accurate as it could. This can be fixed later, if it's shown to be an issue. Additionaly the checks in compact_suitable() are reordered to address the second issue described above. The effect of this patch should be slightly better high-order allocation success rates and/or less compaction overhead, depending on the type of allocations and presence of CMA. It allows simplifying deferred compaction code in a followup patch. When testing with stress-highalloc, there was some slight improvement (which might be just due to variance) in success rates of non-THP-like allocations. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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3c605096d3 |
mm/page_alloc: restrict max order of merging on isolated pageblock
Current pageblock isolation logic could isolate each pageblock individually. This causes freepage accounting problem if freepage with pageblock order on isolate pageblock is merged with other freepage on normal pageblock. We can prevent merging by restricting max order of merging to pageblock order if freepage is on isolate pageblock. A side-effect of this change is that there could be non-merged buddy freepage even if finishing pageblock isolation, because undoing pageblock isolation is just to move freepage from isolate buddy list to normal buddy list rather than to consider merging. So, the patch also makes undoing pageblock isolation consider freepage merge. When un-isolation, freepage with more than pageblock order and it's buddy are checked. If they are on normal pageblock, instead of just moving, we isolate the freepage and free it in order to get merged. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org> Cc: Heesub Shin <heesub.shin@samsung.com> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Ritesh Harjani <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
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6d7ce55940 |
mm, compaction: pass gfp mask to compact_control
struct compact_control currently converts the gfp mask to a migratetype, but we need the entire gfp mask in a follow-up patch. Pass the entire gfp mask as part of struct compact_control. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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99c0fd5e51 |
mm, compaction: skip buddy pages by their order in the migrate scanner
The migration scanner skips PageBuddy pages, but does not consider their order as checking page_order() is generally unsafe without holding the zone->lock, and acquiring the lock just for the check wouldn't be a good tradeoff. Still, this could avoid some iterations over the rest of the buddy page, and if we are careful, the race window between PageBuddy() check and page_order() is small, and the worst thing that can happen is that we skip too much and miss some isolation candidates. This is not that bad, as compaction can already fail for many other reasons like parallel allocations, and those have much larger race window. This patch therefore makes the migration scanner obtain the buddy page order and use it to skip the whole buddy page, if the order appears to be in the valid range. It's important that the page_order() is read only once, so that the value used in the checks and in the pfn calculation is the same. But in theory the compiler can replace the local variable by multiple inlines of page_order(). Therefore, the patch introduces page_order_unsafe() that uses ACCESS_ONCE to prevent this. Testing with stress-highalloc from mmtests shows a 15% reduction in number of pages scanned by migration scanner. The reduction is >60% with __GFP_NO_KSWAPD allocations, along with success rates better by few percent. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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1f9efdef4f |
mm, compaction: khugepaged should not give up due to need_resched()
Async compaction aborts when it detects zone lock contention or need_resched() is true. David Rientjes has reported that in practice, most direct async compactions for THP allocation abort due to need_resched(). This means that a second direct compaction is never attempted, which might be OK for a page fault, but khugepaged is intended to attempt a sync compaction in such case and in these cases it won't. This patch replaces "bool contended" in compact_control with an int that distinguishes between aborting due to need_resched() and aborting due to lock contention. This allows propagating the abort through all compaction functions as before, but passing the abort reason up to __alloc_pages_slowpath() which decides when to continue with direct reclaim and another compaction attempt. Another problem is that try_to_compact_pages() did not act upon the reported contention (both need_resched() or lock contention) immediately and would proceed with another zone from the zonelist. When need_resched() is true, that means initializing another zone compaction, only to check again need_resched() in isolate_migratepages() and aborting. For zone lock contention, the unintended consequence is that the lock contended status reported back to the allocator is detrmined from the last zone where compaction was attempted, which is rather arbitrary. This patch fixes the problem in the following way: - async compaction of a zone aborting due to need_resched() or fatal signal pending means that further zones should not be tried. We report COMPACT_CONTENDED_SCHED to the allocator. - aborting zone compaction due to lock contention means we can still try another zone, since it has different set of locks. We report back COMPACT_CONTENDED_LOCK only if *all* zones where compaction was attempted, it was aborted due to lock contention. As a result of these fixes, khugepaged will proceed with second sync compaction as intended, when the preceding async compaction aborted due to need_resched(). Page fault compactions aborting due to need_resched() will spare some cycles previously wasted by initializing another zone compaction only to abort again. Lock contention will be reported only when compaction in all zones aborted due to lock contention, and therefore it's not a good idea to try again after reclaim. In stress-highalloc from mmtests configured to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, this has improved number of THP collapse allocations by 10%, which shows positive effect on khugepaged. The benchmark's success rates are unchanged as it is not recognized as khugepaged. Numbers of compact_stall and compact_fail events have however decreased by 20%, with compact_success still a bit improved, which is good. With benchmark configured not to use __GFP_NO_KSWAPD, there is 6% improvement in THP collapse allocations, and only slight improvement in stalls and failures. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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edc2ca6124 |
mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()
isolate_migratepages_range() is the main function of the compaction scanner, called either on a single pageblock by isolate_migratepages() during regular compaction, or on an arbitrary range by CMA's __alloc_contig_migrate_range(). It currently perfoms two pageblock-wide compaction suitability checks, and because of the CMA callpath, it tracks if it crossed a pageblock boundary in order to repeat those checks. However, closer inspection shows that those checks are always true for CMA: - isolation_suitable() is true because CMA sets cc->ignore_skip_hint to true - migrate_async_suitable() check is skipped because CMA uses sync compaction We can therefore move the compaction-specific checks to isolate_migratepages() and simplify isolate_migratepages_range(). Furthermore, we can mimic the freepage scanner family of functions, which has isolate_freepages_block() function called both by compaction from isolate_freepages() and by CMA from isolate_freepages_range(), where each use-case adds own specific glue code. This allows further code simplification. Thus, we rename isolate_migratepages_range() to isolate_migratepages_block() and limit its functionality to a single pageblock (or its subset). For CMA, a new different isolate_migratepages_range() is created as a CMA-specific wrapper for the _block() function. The checks specific to compaction are moved to isolate_migratepages(). As part of the unification of these two families of functions, we remove the redundant zone parameter where applicable, since zone pointer is already passed in cc->zone. Furthermore, going back to compact_zone() and compact_finished() when pageblock is found unsuitable (now by isolate_migratepages()) is wasteful - the checks are meant to skip pageblocks quickly. The patch therefore also introduces a simple loop into isolate_migratepages() so that it does not return immediately on failed pageblock checks, but keeps going until isolate_migratepages_range() gets called once. Similarily to isolate_freepages(), the function periodically checks if it needs to reschedule or abort async compaction. [iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: fix isolated page counting bug in compaction] Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Fabian Frederick
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bc7f84c0e6 |
mm/internal.h: use nth_page
Use nth_page instead of pfn_to_page(page_to_pfn Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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be9765722e |
mm, compaction: properly signal and act upon lock and need_sched() contention
Compaction uses compact_checklock_irqsave() function to periodically check for lock contention and need_resched() to either abort async compaction, or to free the lock, schedule and retake the lock. When aborting, cc->contended is set to signal the contended state to the caller. Two problems have been identified in this mechanism. First, compaction also calls directly cond_resched() in both scanners when no lock is yet taken. This call either does not abort async compaction, or set cc->contended appropriately. This patch introduces a new compact_should_abort() function to achieve both. In isolate_freepages(), the check frequency is reduced to once by SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX pageblocks to match what the migration scanner does in the preliminary page checks. In case a pageblock is found suitable for calling isolate_freepages_block(), the checks within there are done on higher frequency. Second, isolate_freepages() does not check if isolate_freepages_block() aborted due to contention, and advances to the next pageblock. This violates the principle of aborting on contention, and might result in pageblocks not being scanned completely, since the scanning cursor is advanced. This problem has been noticed in the code by Joonsoo Kim when reviewing related patches. This patch makes isolate_freepages_block() check the cc->contended flag and abort. In case isolate_freepages() has already isolated some pages before aborting due to contention, page migration will proceed, which is OK since we do not want to waste the work that has been done, and page migration has own checks for contention. However, we do not want another isolation attempt by either of the scanners, so cc->contended flag check is added also to compaction_alloc() and compact_finished() to make sure compaction is aborted right after the migration. The outcome of the patch should be reduced lock contention by async compaction and lower latencies for higher-order allocations where direct compaction is involved. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment] Reported-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Tested-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org> Tested-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org> Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Jianyu Zhan
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7ee07a44eb |
mm: fold mlocked_vma_newpage() into its only call site
In previous commit(mm: use the light version __mod_zone_page_state in mlocked_vma_newpage()) a irq-unsafe __mod_zone_page_state is used. And as suggested by Andrew, to reduce the risks that new call sites incorrectly using mlocked_vma_newpage() without knowing they are adding racing, this patch folds mlocked_vma_newpage() into its only call site, page_add_new_anon_rmap, to make it open-cocded for people to know what is going on. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Jianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Suggested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Jianyu Zhan
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bea04b0732 |
mm: use the light version __mod_zone_page_state in mlocked_vma_newpage()
mlocked_vma_newpage() is called with pte lock held(a spinlock), which implies preemtion disabled, and the vm stat counter is not modified from interrupt context, so we need not use an irq-safe mod_zone_page_state() here, using a light-weight version __mod_zone_page_state() would be OK. This patch also documents __mod_zone_page_state() and some of its callsites. The comment above __mod_zone_page_state() is from Hugh Dickins, and acked by Christoph. Most credits to Hugh and Christoph for the clarification on the usage of the __mod_zone_page_state(). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Jianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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David Rientjes
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e0b9daeb45 |
mm, compaction: embed migration mode in compact_control
We're going to want to manipulate the migration mode for compaction in the page allocator, and currently compact_control's sync field is only a bool. Currently, we only do MIGRATE_ASYNC or MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT compaction depending on the value of this bool. Convert the bool to enum migrate_mode and pass the migration mode in directly. Later, we'll want to avoid MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT for thp allocations in the pagefault patch to avoid unnecessary latency. This also alters compaction triggered from sysfs, either for the entire system or for a node, to force MIGRATE_SYNC. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: use MIGRATE_SYNC in alloc_contig_range()] Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Suggested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Kirill A. Shutemov
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4bbd4c776a |
mm: move get_user_pages()-related code to separate file
mm/memory.c is overloaded: over 4k lines. get_user_pages() code is pretty much self-contained let's move it to separate file. No other changes made. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Fabian Frederick
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29f175d125 |
mm/readahead.c: inline ra_submit
Commit
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Johannes Weiner
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3a025760fc |
mm: page_alloc: spill to remote nodes before waking kswapd
On NUMA systems, a node may start thrashing cache or even swap anonymous pages while there are still free pages on remote nodes. This is a result of commits |
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Johannes Weiner
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a1c3bfb2f6 |
mm/page-writeback.c: do not count anon pages as dirtyable memory
The VM is currently heavily tuned to avoid swapping. Whether that is good or bad is a separate discussion, but as long as the VM won't swap to make room for dirty cache, we can not consider anonymous pages when calculating the amount of dirtyable memory, the baseline to which dirty_background_ratio and dirty_ratio are applied. A simple workload that occupies a significant size (40+%, depending on memory layout, storage speeds etc.) of memory with anon/tmpfs pages and uses the remainder for a streaming writer demonstrates this problem. In that case, the actual cache pages are a small fraction of what is considered dirtyable overall, which results in an relatively large portion of the cache pages to be dirtied. As kswapd starts rotating these, random tasks enter direct reclaim and stall on IO. Only consider free pages and file pages dirtyable. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reported-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Tested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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6c14466cc0 |
mm: improve documentation of page_order
Developers occasionally try and optimise PFN scanners by using page_order but miss that in general it requires zone->lock. This has happened twice for compaction.c and rejected both times. This patch clarifies the documentation of page_order and adds a note to compaction.c why page_order is not used. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweaks] [lauraa@codeaurora.org: Corrected a page_zone(page)->lock reference] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Han Pingtian
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42aa83cb67 |
mm: show message when updating min_free_kbytes in thp
min_free_kbytes may be raised during THP's initialization. Sometimes, this will change the value which was set by the user. Showing this message will clarify this confusion. Only show this message when changing a value which was set by the user according to Michal Hocko's suggestion. Show the old value of min_free_kbytes according to Dave Hansen's suggestion. This will give user the chance to restore old value of min_free_kbytes. Signed-off-by: Han Pingtian <hanpt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Sasha Levin
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309381feae |
mm: dump page when hitting a VM_BUG_ON using VM_BUG_ON_PAGE
Most of the VM_BUG_ON assertions are performed on a page. Usually, when one of these assertions fails we'll get a BUG_ON with a call stack and the registers. I've recently noticed based on the requests to add a small piece of code that dumps the page to various VM_BUG_ON sites that the page dump is quite useful to people debugging issues in mm. This patch adds a VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(cond, page) which beyond doing what VM_BUG_ON() does, also dumps the page before executing the actual BUG_ON. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up includes] Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Oleg Nesterov
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c728852f5d |
mm: thp: __get_page_tail_foll() can use get_huge_page_tail()
Cleanup. Change __get_page_tail_foll() to use get_huge_page_tail() to avoid the code duplication. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andrea Arcangeli
|
44518d2b32 |
mm: tail page refcounting optimization for slab and hugetlbfs
This skips the _mapcount mangling for slab and hugetlbfs pages. The main trouble in doing this is to guarantee that PageSlab and PageHeadHuge remains constant for all get_page/put_page run on the tail of slab or hugetlbfs compound pages. Otherwise if they're set during get_page but not set during put_page, the _mapcount of the tail page would underflow. PageHeadHuge will remain true until the compound page is released and enters the buddy allocator so it won't risk to change even if the tail page is the last reference left on the page. PG_slab instead is cleared before the slab frees the head page with put_page, so if the tail pin is released after the slab freed the page, we would have a problem. But in the slab case the tail pin cannot be the last reference left on the page. This is because the slab code is free to reuse the compound page after a kfree/kmem_cache_free without having to check if there's any tail pin left. In turn all tail pins must be always released while the head is still pinned by the slab code and so we know PG_slab will be still set too. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com> Cc: Pravin Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Lisa Du
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6e543d5780 |
mm: vmscan: fix do_try_to_free_pages() livelock
This patch is based on KOSAKI's work and I add a little more description, please refer https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/6/14/74. Currently, I found system can enter a state that there are lots of free pages in a zone but only order-0 and order-1 pages which means the zone is heavily fragmented, then high order allocation could make direct reclaim path's long stall(ex, 60 seconds) especially in no swap and no compaciton enviroment. This problem happened on v3.4, but it seems issue still lives in current tree, the reason is do_try_to_free_pages enter live lock: kswapd will go to sleep if the zones have been fully scanned and are still not balanced. As kswapd thinks there's little point trying all over again to avoid infinite loop. Instead it changes order from high-order to 0-order because kswapd think order-0 is the most important. Look at |
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Zhang Yanfei
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929aaf5695 |
mm: remove unused __put_page()
This function is nowhere used, and it has a confusing name with put_page in mm/swap.c. So better to remove it. Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Michel Lespinasse
|
ff6a6da60b |
mm: accelerate munlock() treatment of THP pages
munlock_vma_pages_range() was always incrementing addresses by PAGE_SIZE at a time. When munlocking THP pages (or the huge zero page), this resulted in taking the mm->page_table_lock 512 times in a row. We can do better by making use of the page_mask returned by follow_page_mask (for the huge zero page case), or the size of the page munlock_vma_page() operated on (for the true THP page case). Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Michel Lespinasse
|
cea10a19b7 |
mm: directly use __mlock_vma_pages_range() in find_extend_vma()
In find_extend_vma(), we don't need mlock_vma_pages_range() to verify the vma type - we know we're working with a stack. So, we can call directly into __mlock_vma_pages_range(), and remove the last make_pages_present() call site. Note that we don't use mm_populate() here, so we can't release the mmap_sem while allocating new stack pages. This is deemed acceptable, because the stack vmas grow by a bounded number of pages at a time, and these are anon pages so we don't have to read from disk to populate them. Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Tested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Greg Ungerer <gregungerer@westnet.com.au> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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47ecfcb7d0 |
mm: compaction: Partially revert capture of suitable high-order page
Eric Wong reported on 3.7 and 3.8-rc2 that ppoll() got stuck when waiting for POLLIN on a local TCP socket. It was easier to trigger if there was disk IO and dirty pages at the same time and he bisected it to commit |
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Linus Torvalds
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3d59eebc5e |
Automatic NUMA Balancing V11
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Merge tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma
Pull Automatic NUMA Balancing bare-bones from Mel Gorman:
"There are three implementations for NUMA balancing, this tree
(balancenuma), numacore which has been developed in tip/master and
autonuma which is in aa.git.
In almost all respects balancenuma is the dumbest of the three because
its main impact is on the VM side with no attempt to be smart about
scheduling. In the interest of getting the ball rolling, it would be
desirable to see this much merged for 3.8 with the view to building
scheduler smarts on top and adapting the VM where required for 3.9.
The most recent set of comparisons available from different people are
mel: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/9/108
mingo: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/7/331
tglx: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/437
srikar: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/397
The results are a mixed bag. In my own tests, balancenuma does
reasonably well. It's dumb as rocks and does not regress against
mainline. On the other hand, Ingo's tests shows that balancenuma is
incapable of converging for this workloads driven by perf which is bad
but is potentially explained by the lack of scheduler smarts. Thomas'
results show balancenuma improves on mainline but falls far short of
numacore or autonuma. Srikar's results indicate we all suffer on a
large machine with imbalanced node sizes.
My own testing showed that recent numacore results have improved
dramatically, particularly in the last week but not universally.
We've butted heads heavily on system CPU usage and high levels of
migration even when it shows that overall performance is better.
There are also cases where it regresses. Of interest is that for
specjbb in some configurations it will regress for lower numbers of
warehouses and show gains for higher numbers which is not reported by
the tool by default and sometimes missed in treports. Recently I
reported for numacore that the JVM was crashing with
NullPointerExceptions but currently it's unclear what the source of
this problem is. Initially I thought it was in how numacore batch
handles PTEs but I'm no longer think this is the case. It's possible
numacore is just able to trigger it due to higher rates of migration.
These reports were quite late in the cycle so I/we would like to start
with this tree as it contains much of the code we can agree on and has
not changed significantly over the last 2-3 weeks."
* tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma: (50 commits)
mm/rmap, migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable
mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem
mm: migrate: Account a transhuge page properly when rate limiting
mm: numa: Account for failed allocations and isolations as migration failures
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case build fix
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case.
mm: sched: numa: Delay PTE scanning until a task is scheduled on a new node
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing if !SCHED_DEBUG
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing
mm: sched: Adapt the scanning rate if a NUMA hinting fault does not migrate
mm: numa: Use a two-stage filter to restrict pages being migrated for unlikely task<->node relationships
mm: numa: migrate: Set last_nid on newly allocated page
mm: numa: split_huge_page: Transfer last_nid on tail page
mm: numa: Introduce last_nid to the page frame
sched: numa: Slowly increase the scanning period as NUMA faults are handled
mm: numa: Rate limit setting of pte_numa if node is saturated
mm: numa: Rate limit the amount of memory that is migrated between nodes
mm: numa: Structures for Migrate On Fault per NUMA migration rate limiting
mm: numa: Migrate pages handled during a pmd_numa hinting fault
mm: numa: Migrate on reference policy
...
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Bob Liu
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6219049ae1 |
mm: introduce mm_find_pmd()
Several place need to find the pmd by(mm_struct, address), so introduce a function to simplify it. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning] Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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b32967ff10 |
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case.
Note: This is very heavily based on a patch from Peter Zijlstra with fixes from Ingo Molnar, Hugh Dickins and Johannes Weiner. That patch put a lot of migration logic into mm/huge_memory.c where it does not belong. This version puts tries to share some of the migration logic with migrate_misplaced_page. However, it should be noted that now migrate.c is doing more with the pagetable manipulation than is preferred. The end result is barely recognisable so as before, the signed-offs had to be removed but will be re-added if the original authors are ok with it. Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case. It uses the page lock to serialize. No migration pte dance is necessary because the pte is already unmapped when we decide to migrate. [dhillf@gmail.com: Fix memory leak on isolation failure] [dhillf@gmail.com: Fix transfer of last_nid information] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> |
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David Rientjes
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8449d21fb4 |
mm, thp: fix mlock statistics
NR_MLOCK is only accounted in single page units: there's no logic to handle transparent hugepages. This patch checks the appropriate number of pages to adjust the statistics by so that the correct amount of memory is reflected. Currently: $ grep Mlocked /proc/meminfo Mlocked: 19636 kB #define MAP_SIZE (4 << 30) /* 4GB */ void *ptr = mmap(NULL, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0); mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE); $ grep Mlocked /proc/meminfo Mlocked: 29844 kB munlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE); $ grep Mlocked /proc/meminfo Mlocked: 19636 kB And with this patch: $ grep Mlock /proc/meminfo Mlocked: 19636 kB mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE); $ grep Mlock /proc/meminfo Mlocked: 4213664 kB munlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE); $ grep Mlock /proc/meminfo Mlocked: 19636 kB Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Reported-by: Hugh Dickens <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Minchan Kim
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e46a28790e |
CMA: migrate mlocked pages
Presently CMA cannot migrate mlocked pages so it ends up failing to allocate contiguous memory space. This patch makes mlocked pages be migrated out. Of course, it can affect realtime processes but in CMA usecase, contiguous memory allocation failing is far worse than access latency to an mlocked page being variable while CMA is running. If someone wants to make the system realtime, he shouldn't enable CMA because stalls can still happen at random times. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment text, per Mel] Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Hugh Dickins
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e6c509f854 |
mm: use clear_page_mlock() in page_remove_rmap()
We had thought that pages could no longer get freed while still marked as
mlocked; but Johannes Weiner posted this program to demonstrate that
truncating an mlocked private file mapping containing COWed pages is still
mishandled:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *map;
int fd;
system("grep mlockfreed /proc/vmstat");
fd = open("chigurh", O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR);
unlink("chigurh");
ftruncate(fd, 4096);
map = mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
map[0] = 11;
mlock(map, sizeof(fd));
ftruncate(fd, 0);
close(fd);
munlock(map, sizeof(fd));
munmap(map, 4096);
system("grep mlockfreed /proc/vmstat");
return 0;
}
The anon COWed pages are not caught by truncation's clear_page_mlock() of
the pagecache pages; but unmap_mapping_range() unmaps them, so we ought to
look out for them there in page_remove_rmap(). Indeed, why should
truncation or invalidation be doing the clear_page_mlock() when removing
from pagecache? mlock is a property of mapping in userspace, not a
property of pagecache: an mlocked unmapped page is nonsensical.
Reported-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Hugh Dickins
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39b5f29ac1 |
mm: remove vma arg from page_evictable
page_evictable(page, vma) is an irritant: almost all its callers pass NULL for vma. Remove the vma arg and use mlocked_vma_newpage(vma, page) explicitly in the couple of places it's needed. But in those places we don't even need page_evictable() itself! They're dealing with a freshly allocated anonymous page, which has no "mapping" and cannot be mlocked yet. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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c89511ab2f |
mm: compaction: Restart compaction from near where it left off
This is almost entirely based on Rik's previous patches and discussions with him about how this might be implemented. Order > 0 compaction stops when enough free pages of the correct page order have been coalesced. When doing subsequent higher order allocations, it is possible for compaction to be invoked many times. However, the compaction code always starts out looking for things to compact at the start of the zone, and for free pages to compact things to at the end of the zone. This can cause quadratic behaviour, with isolate_freepages starting at the end of the zone each time, even though previous invocations of the compaction code already filled up all free memory on that end of the zone. This can cause isolate_freepages to take enormous amounts of CPU with certain workloads on larger memory systems. This patch caches where the migration and free scanner should start from on subsequent compaction invocations using the pageblock-skip information. When compaction starts it begins from the cached restart points and will update the cached restart points until a page is isolated or a pageblock is skipped that would have been scanned by synchronous compaction. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Richard Davies <richard@arachsys.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
|
bb13ffeb9f |
mm: compaction: cache if a pageblock was scanned and no pages were isolated
When compaction was implemented it was known that scanning could potentially be excessive. The ideal was that a counter be maintained for each pageblock but maintaining this information would incur a severe penalty due to a shared writable cache line. It has reached the point where the scanning costs are a serious problem, particularly on long-lived systems where a large process starts and allocates a large number of THPs at the same time. Instead of using a shared counter, this patch adds another bit to the pageblock flags called PG_migrate_skip. If a pageblock is scanned by either migrate or free scanner and 0 pages were isolated, the pageblock is marked to be skipped in the future. When scanning, this bit is checked before any scanning takes place and the block skipped if set. The main difficulty with a patch like this is "when to ignore the cached information?" If it's ignored too often, the scanning rates will still be excessive. If the information is too stale then allocations will fail that might have otherwise succeeded. In this patch o CMA always ignores the information o If the migrate and free scanner meet then the cached information will be discarded if it's at least 5 seconds since the last time the cache was discarded o If there are a large number of allocation failures, discard the cache. The time-based heuristic is very clumsy but there are few choices for a better event. Depending solely on multiple allocation failures still allows excessive scanning when THP allocations are failing in quick succession due to memory pressure. Waiting until memory pressure is relieved would cause compaction to continually fail instead of using reclaim/compaction to try allocate the page. The time-based mechanism is clumsy but a better option is not obvious. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Richard Davies <richard@arachsys.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
|
753341a4b8 |
revert "mm: have order > 0 compaction start off where it left"
This reverts commit |
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Shaohua Li
|
e64c5237cf |
mm: compaction: abort compaction loop if lock is contended or run too long
isolate_migratepages_range() might isolate no pages if for example when zone->lru_lock is contended and running asynchronous compaction. In this case, we should abort compaction, otherwise, compact_zone will run a useless loop and make zone->lru_lock is even contended. An additional check is added to ensure that cc.migratepages and cc.freepages get properly drained whan compaction is aborted. [minchan@kernel.org: Putback pages isolated for migration if aborting] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: compact_zone_order requires non-NULL arg contended] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: make compact_zone_order() require non-NULL arg `contended'] [minchan@kernel.org: Putback pages isolated for migration if aborting] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz
|
d95ea5d18e |
cma: fix watermark checking
* Add ALLOC_CMA alloc flag and pass it to [__]zone_watermark_ok() (from Minchan Kim). * During watermark check decrease available free pages number by free CMA pages number if necessary (unmovable allocations cannot use pages from CMA areas). Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Minchan Kim
|
02c6de8d75 |
mm: cma: discard clean pages during contiguous allocation instead of migration
Drop clean cache pages instead of migration during alloc_contig_range() to minimise allocation latency by reducing the amount of migration that is necessary. It's useful for CMA because latency of migration is more important than evicting the background process's working set. In addition, as pages are reclaimed then fewer free pages for migration targets are required so it avoids memory reclaiming to get free pages, which is a contributory factor to increased latency. I measured elapsed time of __alloc_contig_migrate_range() which migrates 10M in 40M movable zone in QEMU machine. Before - 146ms, After - 7ms [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix nommu build] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Tested-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Michel Lespinasse
|
db97141882 |
mm: adjust final #endif position in mm/internal.h
Make sure the #endif that terminates the standard #ifndef / #define / #endif construct gets labeled, and gets positioned at the end of the file as is normally the case. Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Mel Gorman
|
1fb3f8ca0e |
mm: compaction: capture a suitable high-order page immediately when it is made available
While compaction is migrating pages to free up large contiguous blocks for allocation it races with other allocation requests that may steal these blocks or break them up. This patch alters direct compaction to capture a suitable free page as soon as it becomes available to reduce this race. It uses similar logic to split_free_page() to ensure that watermarks are still obeyed. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Mel Gorman
|
c67fe3752a |
mm: compaction: Abort async compaction if locks are contended or taking too long
Jim Schutt reported a problem that pointed at compaction contending
heavily on locks. The workload is straight-forward and in his own words;
The systems in question have 24 SAS drives spread across 3 HBAs,
running 24 Ceph OSD instances, one per drive. FWIW these servers
are dual-socket Intel 5675 Xeons w/48 GB memory. I've got ~160
Ceph Linux clients doing dd simultaneously to a Ceph file system
backed by 12 of these servers.
Early in the test everything looks fine
procs -------------------memory------------------ ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-------
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
31 15 0 287216 576 38606628 0 0 2 1158 2 14 1 3 95 0 0
27 15 0 225288 576 38583384 0 0 18 2222016 203357 134876 11 56 17 15 0
28 17 0 219256 576 38544736 0 0 11 2305932 203141 146296 11 49 23 17 0
6 18 0 215596 576 38552872 0 0 7 2363207 215264 166502 12 45 22 20 0
22 18 0 226984 576 38596404 0 0 3 2445741 223114 179527 12 43 23 22 0
and then it goes to pot
procs -------------------memory------------------ ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-------
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
163 8 0 464308 576 36791368 0 0 11 22210 866 536 3 13 79 4 0
207 14 0 917752 576 36181928 0 0 712 1345376 134598 47367 7 90 1 2 0
123 12 0 685516 576 36296148 0 0 429 1386615 158494 60077 8 84 5 3 0
123 12 0 598572 576 36333728 0 0 1107 1233281 147542 62351 7 84 5 4 0
622 7 0 660768 576 36118264 0 0 557 1345548 151394 59353 7 85 4 3 0
223 11 0 283960 576 36463868 0 0 46 1107160 121846 33006 6 93 1 1 0
Note that system CPU usage is very high blocks being written out has
dropped by 42%. He analysed this with perf and found
perf record -g -a sleep 10
perf report --sort symbol --call-graph fractal,5
34.63% [k] _raw_spin_lock_irqsave
|
|--97.30%-- isolate_freepages
| compaction_alloc
| unmap_and_move
| migrate_pages
| compact_zone
| compact_zone_order
| try_to_compact_pages
| __alloc_pages_direct_compact
| __alloc_pages_slowpath
| __alloc_pages_nodemask
| alloc_pages_vma
| do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
| handle_mm_fault
| do_page_fault
| page_fault
| |
| |--87.39%-- skb_copy_datagram_iovec
| | tcp_recvmsg
| | inet_recvmsg
| | sock_recvmsg
| | sys_recvfrom
| | system_call
| | __recv
| | |
| | --100.00%-- (nil)
| |
| --12.61%-- memcpy
--2.70%-- [...]
There was other data but primarily it is all showing that compaction is
contended heavily on the zone->lock and zone->lru_lock.
commit [b2eef8c0: mm: compaction: minimise the time IRQs are disabled
while isolating pages for migration] noted that it was possible for
migration to hold the lru_lock for an excessive amount of time. Very
broadly speaking this patch expands the concept.
This patch introduces compact_checklock_irqsave() to check if a lock
is contended or the process needs to be scheduled. If either condition
is true then async compaction is aborted and the caller is informed.
The page allocator will fail a THP allocation if compaction failed due
to contention. This patch also introduces compact_trylock_irqsave()
which will acquire the lock only if it is not contended and the process
does not need to schedule.
Reported-by: Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov>
Tested-by: Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
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Mel Gorman
|
c93bdd0e03 |
netvm: allow skb allocation to use PFMEMALLOC reserves
Change the skb allocation API to indicate RX usage and use this to fall back to the PFMEMALLOC reserve when needed. SKBs allocated from the reserve are tagged in skb->pfmemalloc. If an SKB is allocated from the reserve and the socket is later found to be unrelated to page reclaim, the packet is dropped so that the memory remains available for page reclaim. Network protocols are expected to recover from this packet loss. [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Ideas taken from various patches] [davem@davemloft.net: Use static branches, coding style corrections] [sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Avoid unnecessary cast, fix !CONFIG_NET build] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
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Mel Gorman
|
072bb0aa5e |
mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages
When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it with swapon. Swap over the network is considered as an option in diskless systems. The two likely scenarios are when blade servers are used as part of a cluster where the form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the use of disks and thin clients. The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block Device (NBD) for swap according to the manual at https://sourceforge.net/projects/ltsp/files/Docs-Admin-Guide/LTSPManual.pdf/download There is also documentation and tutorials on how to setup swap over NBD at places like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/EnableNBDSWAP The nbd-client also documents the use of NBD as swap. Despite this, the fact is that a machine using NBD for swap can deadlock within minutes if swap is used intensively. This patch series addresses the problem. The core issue is that network block devices do not use mempools like normal block devices do. As the host cannot control where they receive packets from, they cannot reliably work out in advance how much memory they might need. Some years ago, Peter Zijlstra developed a series of patches that supported swap over an NFS that at least one distribution is carrying within their kernels. This patch series borrows very heavily from Peter's work to support swapping over NBD as a pre-requisite to supporting swap-over-NFS. The bulk of the complexity is concerned with preserving memory that is allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserves for use by the network layer which is needed for both NBD and NFS. Patch 1 adds knowledge of the PFMEMALLOC reserves to SLAB and SLUB to preserve access to pages allocated under low memory situations to callers that are freeing memory. Patch 2 optimises the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks Patch 3 introduces __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to the PFMEMALLOC reserves without setting PFMEMALLOC. Patch 4 opens the possibility for softirqs to use PFMEMALLOC reserves for later use by network packet processing. Patch 5 only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was required Patch 6 ignores memory policies when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS is set. Patches 7-12 allows network processing to use PFMEMALLOC reserves when the socket has been marked as being used by the VM to clean pages. If packets are received and stored in pages that were allocated under low-memory situations and are unrelated to the VM, the packets are dropped. Patch 11 reintroduces __skb_alloc_page which the networking folk may object to but is needed in some cases to propogate pfmemalloc from a newly allocated page to an skb. If there is a strong objection, this patch can be dropped with the impact being that swap-over-network will be slower in some cases but it should not fail. Patch 13 is a micro-optimisation to avoid a function call in the common case. Patch 14 tags NBD sockets as being SOCK_MEMALLOC so they can use PFMEMALLOC if necessary. Patch 15 notes that it is still possible for the PFMEMALLOC reserve to be depleted. To prevent this, direct reclaimers get throttled on a waitqueue if 50% of the PFMEMALLOC reserves are depleted. It is expected that kswapd and the direct reclaimers already running will clean enough pages for the low watermark to be reached and the throttled processes are woken up. Patch 16 adds a statistic to track how often processes get throttled Some basic performance testing was run using kernel builds, netperf on loopback for UDP and TCP, hackbench (pipes and sockets), iozone and sysbench. Each of them were expected to use the sl*b allocators reasonably heavily but there did not appear to be significant performance variances. For testing swap-over-NBD, a machine was booted with 2G of RAM with a swapfile backed by NBD. 8*NUM_CPU processes were started that create anonymous memory mappings and read them linearly in a loop. The total size of the mappings were 4*PHYSICAL_MEMORY to use swap heavily under memory pressure. Without the patches and using SLUB, the machine locks up within minutes and runs to completion with them applied. With SLAB, the story is different as an unpatched kernel run to completion. However, the patched kernel completed the test 45% faster. MICRO 3.5.0-rc2 3.5.0-rc2 vanilla swapnbd Unrecognised test vmscan-anon-mmap-write MMTests Statistics: duration Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 197.80 173.07 User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 206.96 182.03 Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 3240.70 1762.09 This patch: mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages Allocations of pages below the min watermark run a risk of the machine hanging due to a lack of memory. To prevent this, only callers who have PF_MEMALLOC or TIF_MEMDIE set and are not processing an interrupt are allowed to allocate with ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS. Once they are allocated to a slab though, nothing prevents other callers consuming free objects within those slabs. This patch limits access to slab pages that were alloced from the PFMEMALLOC reserves. When this patch is applied, pages allocated from below the low watermark are returned with page->pfmemalloc set and it is up to the caller to determine how the page should be protected. SLAB restricts access to any page with page->pfmemalloc set to callers which are known to able to access the PFMEMALLOC reserve. If one is not available, an attempt is made to allocate a new page rather than use a reserve. SLUB is a bit more relaxed in that it only records if the current per-CPU page was allocated from PFMEMALLOC reserve and uses another partial slab if the caller does not have the necessary GFP or process flags. This was found to be sufficient in tests to avoid hangs due to SLUB generally maintaining smaller lists than SLAB. In low-memory conditions it does mean that !PFMEMALLOC allocators can fail a slab allocation even though free objects are available because they are being preserved for callers that are freeing pages. [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original implementation] [sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Correct order of page flag clearing] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Xishi Qiu
|
ca57df79d4 |
mm: setup pageblock_order before it's used by sparsemem
On architectures with CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE set, such as
Itanium, pageblock_order is a variable with default value of 0. It's set
to the right value by set_pageblock_order() in function
free_area_init_core().
But pageblock_order may be used by sparse_init() before free_area_init_core()
is called along path:
sparse_init()
->sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node()
->usemap_size()
->SECTION_BLOCKFLAGS_BITS
->((1UL << (PFN_SECTION_SHIFT - pageblock_order)) *
NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS)
The uninitialized pageblock_size will cause memory wasting because
usemap_size() returns a much bigger value then it's really needed.
For example, on an Itanium platform,
sparse_init() pageblock_order=0 usemap_size=24576
free_area_init_core() before pageblock_order=0, usemap_size=24576
free_area_init_core() after pageblock_order=12, usemap_size=8
That means 24K memory has been wasted for each section, so fix it by calling
set_pageblock_order() from sparse_init().
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
|
Rik van Riel
|
7db8889ab0 |
mm: have order > 0 compaction start off where it left
Order > 0 compaction stops when enough free pages of the correct page order have been coalesced. When doing subsequent higher order allocations, it is possible for compaction to be invoked many times. However, the compaction code always starts out looking for things to compact at the start of the zone, and for free pages to compact things to at the end of the zone. This can cause quadratic behaviour, with isolate_freepages starting at the end of the zone each time, even though previous invocations of the compaction code already filled up all free memory on that end of the zone. This can cause isolate_freepages to take enormous amounts of CPU with certain workloads on larger memory systems. The obvious solution is to have isolate_freepages remember where it left off last time, and continue at that point the next time it gets invoked for an order > 0 compaction. This could cause compaction to fail if cc->free_pfn and cc->migrate_pfn are close together initially, in that case we restart from the end of the zone and try once more. Forced full (order == -1) compactions are left alone. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/laste/last/, use 80 cols] Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reported-by: Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov> Tested-by: Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Linus Torvalds
|
68e3e92620 |
Revert "mm: compaction: handle incorrect MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE type pageblocks"
This reverts commit
|
|
|
Linus Torvalds
|
1193755ac6 |
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs
Pull vfs changes from Al Viro.
"A lot of misc stuff. The obvious groups:
* Miklos' atomic_open series; kills the damn abuse of
->d_revalidate() by NFS, which was the major stumbling block for
all work in that area.
* ripping security_file_mmap() and dealing with deadlocks in the
area; sanitizing the neighborhood of vm_mmap()/vm_munmap() in
general.
* ->encode_fh() switched to saner API; insane fake dentry in
mm/cleancache.c gone.
* assorted annotations in fs (endianness, __user)
* parts of Artem's ->s_dirty work (jff2 and reiserfs parts)
* ->update_time() work from Josef.
* other bits and pieces all over the place.
Normally it would've been in two or three pull requests, but
signal.git stuff had eaten a lot of time during this cycle ;-/"
Fix up trivial conflicts in Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt (the
'truncate_range' inode method was removed by the VM changes, the VFS
update adds an 'update_time()' method), and in fs/btrfs/ulist.[ch] (due
to sparse fix added twice, with other changes nearby).
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (95 commits)
nfs: don't open in ->d_revalidate
vfs: retry last component if opening stale dentry
vfs: nameidata_to_filp(): don't throw away file on error
vfs: nameidata_to_filp(): inline __dentry_open()
vfs: do_dentry_open(): don't put filp
vfs: split __dentry_open()
vfs: do_last() common post lookup
vfs: do_last(): add audit_inode before open
vfs: do_last(): only return EISDIR for O_CREAT
vfs: do_last(): check LOOKUP_DIRECTORY
vfs: do_last(): make ENOENT exit RCU safe
vfs: make follow_link check RCU safe
vfs: do_last(): use inode variable
vfs: do_last(): inline walk_component()
vfs: do_last(): make exit RCU safe
vfs: split do_lookup()
Btrfs: move over to use ->update_time
fs: introduce inode operation ->update_time
reiserfs: get rid of resierfs_sync_super
reiserfs: mark the superblock as dirty a bit later
...
|
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|
Al Viro
|
eb36c5873b |
new helper: vm_mmap_pgoff()
take it to mm/util.c, convert vm_mmap() to use of that one and take it to mm/util.c as well, convert both sys_mmap_pgoff() to use of vm_mmap_pgoff() Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> |
|
|
Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz
|
5ceb9ce6fe |
mm: compaction: handle incorrect MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE type pageblocks
When MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE pages are freed from MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE type pageblock (and some MIGRATE_MOVABLE pages are left in it) waiting until an allocation takes ownership of the block may take too long. The type of the pageblock remains unchanged so the pageblock cannot be used as a migration target during compaction. Fix it by: * Adding enum compact_mode (COMPACT_ASYNC_[MOVABLE,UNMOVABLE], and COMPACT_SYNC) and then converting sync field in struct compact_control to use it. * Adding nr_pageblocks_skipped field to struct compact_control and tracking how many destination pageblocks were of MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE type. If COMPACT_ASYNC_MOVABLE mode compaction ran fully in try_to_compact_pages() (COMPACT_COMPLETE) it implies that there is not a suitable page for allocation. In this case then check how if there were enough MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE pageblocks to try a second pass in COMPACT_ASYNC_UNMOVABLE mode. * Scanning the MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE pageblocks (during COMPACT_SYNC and COMPACT_ASYNC_UNMOVABLE compaction modes) and building a count based on finding PageBuddy pages, page_count(page) == 0 or PageLRU pages. If all pages within the MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE pageblock are in one of those three sets change the whole pageblock type to MIGRATE_MOVABLE. My particular test case (on a ARM EXYNOS4 device with 512 MiB, which means 131072 standard 4KiB pages in 'Normal' zone) is to: - allocate 120000 pages for kernel's usage - free every second page (60000 pages) of memory just allocated - allocate and use 60000 pages from user space - free remaining 60000 pages of kernel memory (now we have fragmented memory occupied mostly by user space pages) - try to allocate 100 order-9 (2048 KiB) pages for kernel's usage The results: - with compaction disabled I get 11 successful allocations - with compaction enabled - 14 successful allocations - with this patch I'm able to get all 100 successful allocations NOTE: If we can make kswapd aware of order-0 request during compaction, we can enhance kswapd with changing mode to COMPACT_ASYNC_FULL (COMPACT_ASYNC_MOVABLE + COMPACT_ASYNC_UNMOVABLE). Please see the following thread: http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=133552069417068&w=2 [minchan@kernel.org: minor cleanups] Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Ying Han
|
096a7cf447 |
mm: rename is_mlocked_vma() to mlocked_vma_newpage()
Andrew pointed out that the is_mlocked_vma() is misnamed. A function with name like that would expect bool return and no side-effects. Since it is called on the fault path for new page, rename it in this patch. Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujtisu.com> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/mlock_vma_newpage/mlock_vma_newpage/, per Minchan] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
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Michal Nazarewicz
|
ff9543fd32 |
mm: compaction: export some of the functions
This commit exports some of the functions from compaction.c file outside of it adding their declaration into internal.h header file so that other mm related code can use them. This forced compaction.c to always be compiled (as opposed to being compiled only if CONFIG_COMPACTION is defined) but as to avoid introducing code that user did not ask for, part of the compaction.c is now wrapped in on #ifdef. Signed-off-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Tested-by: Rob Clark <rob.clark@linaro.org> Tested-by: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com> Tested-by: Benjamin Gaignard <benjamin.gaignard@linaro.org> Tested-by: Robert Nelson <robertcnelson@gmail.com> Tested-by: Barry Song <Baohua.Song@csr.com> |
|
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Andrea Arcangeli
|
70b50f94f1 |
mm: thp: tail page refcounting fix
Michel while working on the working set estimation code, noticed that calling get_page_unless_zero() on a random pfn_to_page(random_pfn) wasn't safe, if the pfn ended up being a tail page of a transparent hugepage under splitting by __split_huge_page_refcount(). He then found the problem could also theoretically materialize with page_cache_get_speculative() during the speculative radix tree lookups that uses get_page_unless_zero() in SMP if the radix tree page is freed and reallocated and get_user_pages is called on it before page_cache_get_speculative has a chance to call get_page_unless_zero(). So the best way to fix the problem is to keep page_tail->_count zero at all times. This will guarantee that get_page_unless_zero() can never succeed on any tail page. page_tail->_mapcount is guaranteed zero and is unused for all tail pages of a compound page, so we can simply account the tail page references there and transfer them to tail_page->_count in __split_huge_page_refcount() (in addition to the head_page->_mapcount). While debugging this s/_count/_mapcount/ change I also noticed get_page is called by direct-io.c on pages returned by get_user_pages. That wasn't entirely safe because the two atomic_inc in get_page weren't atomic. As opposed to other get_user_page users like secondary-MMU page fault to establish the shadow pagetables would never call any superflous get_page after get_user_page returns. It's safer to make get_page universally safe for tail pages and to use get_page_foll() within follow_page (inside get_user_pages()). get_page_foll() is safe to do the refcounting for tail pages without taking any locks because it is run within PT lock protected critical sections (PT lock for pte and page_table_lock for pmd_trans_huge). The standard get_page() as invoked by direct-io instead will now take the compound_lock but still only for tail pages. The direct-io paths are usually I/O bound and the compound_lock is per THP so very finegrined, so there's no risk of scalability issues with it. A simple direct-io benchmarks with all lockdep prove locking and spinlock debugging infrastructure enabled shows identical performance and no overhead. So it's worth it. Ideally direct-io should stop calling get_page() on pages returned by get_user_pages(). The spinlock in get_page() is already optimized away for no-THP builds but doing get_page() on tail pages returned by GUP is generally a rare operation and usually only run in I/O paths. This new refcounting on page_tail->_mapcount in addition to avoiding new RCU critical sections will also allow the working set estimation code to work without any further complexity associated to the tail page refcounting with THP. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reported-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Namhyung Kim
|
6038def0d1 |
mm: nommu: sort mm->mmap list properly
When I was reading nommu code, I found that it handles the vma list/tree
in an unusual way. IIUC, because there can be more than one
identical/overrapped vmas in the list/tree, it sorts the tree more
strictly and does a linear search on the tree. But it doesn't applied to
the list (i.e. the list could be constructed in a different order than
the tree so that we can't use the list when finding the first vma in that
order).
Since inserting/sorting a vma in the tree and link is done at the same
time, we can easily construct both of them in the same order. And linear
searching on the tree could be more costly than doing it on the list, it
can be converted to use the list.
Also, after the commit
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Lucas De Marchi
|
25985edced |
Fix common misspellings
Fixes generated by 'codespell' and manually reviewed. Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi> |
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Huang Ying
|
0014bd990e |
mm: export __get_user_pages
In most cases, get_user_pages and get_user_pages_fast should be used to pin user pages in memory. But sometimes, some special flags except FOLL_GET, FOLL_WRITE and FOLL_FORCE are needed, for example in following patch, KVM needs FOLL_HWPOISON. To support these users, __get_user_pages is exported directly. There are some symbol name conflicts in infiniband driver, fixed them too. Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> CC: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> CC: Roland Dreier <roland@kernel.org> CC: Ralph Campbell <infinipath@qlogic.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> |
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Linus Torvalds
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7a608572a2 |
Revert "mm: batch activate_page() to reduce lock contention"
This reverts commit |
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Shaohua Li
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744ed14427 |
mm: batch activate_page() to reduce lock contention
The zone->lru_lock is heavily contented in workload where activate_page() is frequently used. We could do batch activate_page() to reduce the lock contention. The batched pages will be added into zone list when the pool is full or page reclaim is trying to drain them. For example, in a 4 socket 64 CPU system, create a sparse file and 64 processes, processes shared map to the file. Each process read access the whole file and then exit. The process exit will do unmap_vmas() and cause a lot of activate_page() call. In such workload, we saw about 58% total time reduction with below patch. Other workloads with a lot of activate_page also benefits a lot too. I tested some microbenchmarks: case-anon-cow-rand-mt 0.58% case-anon-cow-rand -3.30% case-anon-cow-seq-mt -0.51% case-anon-cow-seq -5.68% case-anon-r-rand-mt 0.23% case-anon-r-rand 0.81% case-anon-r-seq-mt -0.71% case-anon-r-seq -1.99% case-anon-rx-rand-mt 2.11% case-anon-rx-seq-mt 3.46% case-anon-w-rand-mt -0.03% case-anon-w-rand -0.50% case-anon-w-seq-mt -1.08% case-anon-w-seq -0.12% case-anon-wx-rand-mt -5.02% case-anon-wx-seq-mt -1.43% case-fork 1.65% case-fork-sleep -0.07% case-fork-withmem 1.39% case-hugetlb -0.59% case-lru-file-mmap-read-mt -0.54% case-lru-file-mmap-read 0.61% case-lru-file-mmap-read-rand -2.24% case-lru-file-readonce -0.64% case-lru-file-readtwice -11.69% case-lru-memcg -1.35% case-mmap-pread-rand-mt 1.88% case-mmap-pread-rand -15.26% case-mmap-pread-seq-mt 0.89% case-mmap-pread-seq -69.72% case-mmap-xread-rand-mt 0.71% case-mmap-xread-seq-mt 0.38% The most significent are: case-lru-file-readtwice -11.69% case-mmap-pread-rand -15.26% case-mmap-pread-seq -69.72% which use activate_page a lot. others are basically variations because each run has slightly difference. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andrea Arcangeli
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71e3aac072 |
thp: transparent hugepage core
Lately I've been working to make KVM use hugepages transparently without
the usual restrictions of hugetlbfs. Some of the restrictions I'd like to
see removed:
1) hugepages have to be swappable or the guest physical memory remains
locked in RAM and can't be paged out to swap
2) if a hugepage allocation fails, regular pages should be allocated
instead and mixed in the same vma without any failure and without
userland noticing
3) if some task quits and more hugepages become available in the
buddy, guest physical memory backed by regular pages should be
relocated on hugepages automatically in regions under
madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) (ideally event driven by waking up the
kernel deamon if the order=HPAGE_PMD_SHIFT-PAGE_SHIFT list becomes
not null)
4) avoidance of reservation and maximization of use of hugepages whenever
possible. Reservation (needed to avoid runtime fatal faliures) may be ok for
1 machine with 1 database with 1 database cache with 1 database cache size
known at boot time. It's definitely not feasible with a virtualization
hypervisor usage like RHEV-H that runs an unknown number of virtual machines
with an unknown size of each virtual machine with an unknown amount of
pagecache that could be potentially useful in the host for guest not using
O_DIRECT (aka cache=off).
hugepages in the virtualization hypervisor (and also in the guest!) are
much more important than in a regular host not using virtualization,
becasue with NPT/EPT they decrease the tlb-miss cacheline accesses from 24
to 19 in case only the hypervisor uses transparent hugepages, and they
decrease the tlb-miss cacheline accesses from 19 to 15 in case both the
linux hypervisor and the linux guest both uses this patch (though the
guest will limit the addition speedup to anonymous regions only for
now...). Even more important is that the tlb miss handler is much slower
on a NPT/EPT guest than for a regular shadow paging or no-virtualization
scenario. So maximizing the amount of virtual memory cached by the TLB
pays off significantly more with NPT/EPT than without (even if there would
be no significant speedup in the tlb-miss runtime).
The first (and more tedious) part of this work requires allowing the VM to
handle anonymous hugepages mixed with regular pages transparently on
regular anonymous vmas. This is what this patch tries to achieve in the
least intrusive possible way. We want hugepages and hugetlb to be used in
a way so that all applications can benefit without changes (as usual we
leverage the KVM virtualization design: by improving the Linux VM at
large, KVM gets the performance boost too).
The most important design choice is: always fallback to 4k allocation if
the hugepage allocation fails! This is the _very_ opposite of some large
pagecache patches that failed with -EIO back then if a 64k (or similar)
allocation failed...
Second important decision (to reduce the impact of the feature on the
existing pagetable handling code) is that at any time we can split an
hugepage into 512 regular pages and it has to be done with an operation
that can't fail. This way the reliability of the swapping isn't decreased
(no need to allocate memory when we are short on memory to swap) and it's
trivial to plug a split_huge_page* one-liner where needed without
polluting the VM. Over time we can teach mprotect, mremap and friends to
handle pmd_trans_huge natively without calling split_huge_page*. The fact
it can't fail isn't just for swap: if split_huge_page would return -ENOMEM
(instead of the current void) we'd need to rollback the mprotect from the
middle of it (ideally including undoing the split_vma) which would be a
big change and in the very wrong direction (it'd likely be simpler not to
call split_huge_page at all and to teach mprotect and friends to handle
hugepages instead of rolling them back from the middle). In short the
very value of split_huge_page is that it can't fail.
The collapsing and madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) part will remain separated and
incremental and it'll just be an "harmless" addition later if this initial
part is agreed upon. It also should be noted that locking-wise replacing
regular pages with hugepages is going to be very easy if compared to what
I'm doing below in split_huge_page, as it will only happen when
page_count(page) matches page_mapcount(page) if we can take the PG_lock
and mmap_sem in write mode. collapse_huge_page will be a "best effort"
that (unlike split_huge_page) can fail at the minimal sign of trouble and
we can try again later. collapse_huge_page will be similar to how KSM
works and the madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) will work similar to
madvise(MADV_MERGEABLE).
The default I like is that transparent hugepages are used at page fault
time. This can be changed with
/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled. The control knob can be set
to three values "always", "madvise", "never" which mean respectively that
hugepages are always used, or only inside madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) regions,
or never used. /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag instead
controls if the hugepage allocation should defrag memory aggressively
"always", only inside "madvise" regions, or "never".
The pmd_trans_splitting/pmd_trans_huge locking is very solid. The
put_page (from get_user_page users that can't use mmu notifier like
O_DIRECT) that runs against a __split_huge_page_refcount instead was a
pain to serialize in a way that would result always in a coherent page
count for both tail and head. I think my locking solution with a
compound_lock taken only after the page_first is valid and is still a
PageHead should be safe but it surely needs review from SMP race point of
view. In short there is no current existing way to serialize the O_DIRECT
final put_page against split_huge_page_refcount so I had to invent a new
one (O_DIRECT loses knowledge on the mapping status by the time gup_fast
returns so...). And I didn't want to impact all gup/gup_fast users for
now, maybe if we change the gup interface substantially we can avoid this
locking, I admit I didn't think too much about it because changing the gup
unpinning interface would be invasive.
If we ignored O_DIRECT we could stick to the existing compound refcounting
code, by simply adding a get_user_pages_fast_flags(foll_flags) where KVM
(and any other mmu notifier user) would call it without FOLL_GET (and if
FOLL_GET isn't set we'd just BUG_ON if nobody registered itself in the
current task mmu notifier list yet). But O_DIRECT is fundamental for
decent performance of virtualized I/O on fast storage so we can't avoid it
to solve the race of put_page against split_huge_page_refcount to achieve
a complete hugepage feature for KVM.
Swap and oom works fine (well just like with regular pages ;). MMU
notifier is handled transparently too, with the exception of the young bit
on the pmd, that didn't have a range check but I think KVM will be fine
because the whole point of hugepages is that EPT/NPT will also use a huge
pmd when they notice gup returns pages with PageCompound set, so they
won't care of a range and there's just the pmd young bit to check in that
case.
NOTE: in some cases if the L2 cache is small, this may slowdown and waste
memory during COWs because 4M of memory are accessed in a single fault
instead of 8k (the payoff is that after COW the program can run faster).
So we might want to switch the copy_huge_page (and clear_huge_page too) to
not temporal stores. I also extensively researched ways to avoid this
cache trashing with a full prefault logic that would cow in 8k/16k/32k/64k
up to 1M (I can send those patches that fully implemented prefault) but I
concluded they're not worth it and they add an huge additional complexity
and they remove all tlb benefits until the full hugepage has been faulted
in, to save a little bit of memory and some cache during app startup, but
they still don't improve substantially the cache-trashing during startup
if the prefault happens in >4k chunks. One reason is that those 4k pte
entries copied are still mapped on a perfectly cache-colored hugepage, so
the trashing is the worst one can generate in those copies (cow of 4k page
copies aren't so well colored so they trashes less, but again this results
in software running faster after the page fault). Those prefault patches
allowed things like a pte where post-cow pages were local 4k regular anon
pages and the not-yet-cowed pte entries were pointing in the middle of
some hugepage mapped read-only. If it doesn't payoff substantially with
todays hardware it will payoff even less in the future with larger l2
caches, and the prefault logic would blot the VM a lot. If one is
emebdded transparent_hugepage can be disabled during boot with sysfs or
with the boot commandline parameter transparent_hugepage=0 (or
transparent_hugepage=2 to restrict hugepages inside madvise regions) that
will ensure not a single hugepage is allocated at boot time. It is simple
enough to just disable transparent hugepage globally and let transparent
hugepages be allocated selectively by applications in the MADV_HUGEPAGE
region (both at page fault time, and if enabled with the
collapse_huge_page too through the kernel daemon).
This patch supports only hugepages mapped in the pmd, archs that have
smaller hugepages will not fit in this patch alone. Also some archs like
power have certain tlb limits that prevents mixing different page size in
the same regions so they will not fit in this framework that requires
"graceful fallback" to basic PAGE_SIZE in case of physical memory
fragmentation. hugetlbfs remains a perfect fit for those because its
software limits happen to match the hardware limits. hugetlbfs also
remains a perfect fit for hugepage sizes like 1GByte that cannot be hoped
to be found not fragmented after a certain system uptime and that would be
very expensive to defragment with relocation, so requiring reservation.
hugetlbfs is the "reservation way", the point of transparent hugepages is
not to have any reservation at all and maximizing the use of cache and
hugepages at all times automatically.
Some performance result:
vmx andrea # LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib64/libhugetlbfs.so HUGETLB_MORECORE=yes HUGETLB_PATH=/mnt/huge/ ./largep
ages3
memset page fault 1566023
memset tlb miss 453854
memset second tlb miss 453321
random access tlb miss 41635
random access second tlb miss 41658
vmx andrea # LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib64/libhugetlbfs.so HUGETLB_MORECORE=yes HUGETLB_PATH=/mnt/huge/ ./largepages3
memset page fault 1566471
memset tlb miss 453375
memset second tlb miss 453320
random access tlb miss 41636
random access second tlb miss 41637
vmx andrea # ./largepages3
memset page fault 1566642
memset tlb miss 453417
memset second tlb miss 453313
random access tlb miss 41630
random access second tlb miss 41647
vmx andrea # ./largepages3
memset page fault 1566872
memset tlb miss 453418
memset second tlb miss 453315
random access tlb miss 41618
random access second tlb miss 41659
vmx andrea # echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/transparent_hugepage
vmx andrea # ./largepages3
memset page fault 2182476
memset tlb miss 460305
memset second tlb miss 460179
random access tlb miss 44483
random access second tlb miss 44186
vmx andrea # ./largepages3
memset page fault 2182791
memset tlb miss 460742
memset second tlb miss 459962
random access tlb miss 43981
random access second tlb miss 43988
============
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#define SIZE (3UL*1024*1024*1024)
int main()
{
char *p = malloc(SIZE), *p2;
struct timeval before, after;
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
memset(p, 0, SIZE);
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("memset page fault %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
memset(p, 0, SIZE);
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("memset tlb miss %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
memset(p, 0, SIZE);
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("memset second tlb miss %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
for (p2 = p; p2 < p+SIZE; p2 += 4096)
*p2 = 0;
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("random access tlb miss %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
for (p2 = p; p2 < p+SIZE; p2 += 4096)
*p2 = 0;
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("random access second tlb miss %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
return 0;
}
============
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Michel Lespinasse
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53a7706d5e |
mlock: do not hold mmap_sem for extended periods of time
__get_user_pages gets a new 'nonblocking' parameter to signal that the caller is prepared to re-acquire mmap_sem and retry the operation if needed. This is used to split off long operations if they are going to block on a disk transfer, or when we detect contention on the mmap_sem. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove ref to rwsem_is_contended()] Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
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572438f9b5 |
mm: fix is_mem_section_removable() page_order BUG_ON check
page_order() is called by memory hotplug's user interface to check the section is removable or not. (is_mem_section_removable()) It calls page_order() withoug holding zone->lock. So, even if the caller does if (PageBuddy(page)) ret = page_order(page) ... The caller may hit BUG_ON(). For fixing this, there are 2 choices. 1. add zone->lock. 2. remove BUG_ON(). is_mem_section_removable() is used for some "advice" and doesn't need to be 100% accurate. This is_removable() can be called via user program.. We don't want to take this important lock for long by user's request. So, this patch removes BUG_ON(). Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Haicheng Li
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1bfe5febe3 |
HWPOISON: add an interface to switch off/on all the page filters
In some use cases, user doesn't need extra filtering. E.g. user program can inject errors through madvise syscall to its own pages, however it might not know what the page state exactly is or which inode the page belongs to. So introduce an one-off interface "corrupt-filter-enable". Echo 0 to switch off page filters, and echo 1 to switch on the filters. [AK: changed default to 0] Signed-off-by: Haicheng Li <haicheng.li@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> |
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Andi Kleen
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4fd466eb46 |
HWPOISON: add memory cgroup filter
The hwpoison test suite need to inject hwpoison to a collection of selected task pages, and must not touch pages not owned by them and thus kill important system processes such as init. (But it's OK to mis-hwpoison free/unowned pages as well as shared clean pages. Mis-hwpoison of shared dirty pages will kill all tasks, so the test suite will target all or non of such tasks in the first place.) The memory cgroup serves this purpose well. We can put the target processes under the control of a memory cgroup, and tell the hwpoison injection code to only kill pages associated with some active memory cgroup. The prerequisite for doing hwpoison stress tests with mem_cgroup is, the mem_cgroup code tracks task pages _accurately_ (unless page is locked). Which we believe is/should be true. The benefits are simplification of hwpoison injector code. Also the mem_cgroup code will automatically be tested by hwpoison test cases. The alternative interfaces pin-pfn/unpin-pfn can also delegate the (process and page flags) filtering functions reliably to user space. However prototype implementation shows that this scheme adds more complexity than we wanted. Example test case: mkdir /cgroup/hwpoison usemem -m 100 -s 1000 & echo `jobs -p` > /cgroup/hwpoison/tasks memcg_ino=$(ls -id /cgroup/hwpoison | cut -f1 -d' ') echo $memcg_ino > /debug/hwpoison/corrupt-filter-memcg page-types -p `pidof init` --hwpoison # shall do nothing page-types -p `pidof usemem` --hwpoison # poison its pages [AK: Fix documentation] [Add fix for problem noticed by Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>; dentry in the css could be NULL] CC: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> CC: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> CC: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> CC: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> CC: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> CC: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> |
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Wu Fengguang
|
478c5ffc0b |
HWPOISON: add page flags filter
When specified, only poison pages if ((page_flags & mask) == value). - corrupt-filter-flags-mask - corrupt-filter-flags-value This allows stress testing of many kinds of pages. Strictly speaking, the buddy pages requires taking zone lock, to avoid setting PG_hwpoison on a "was buddy but now allocated to someone" page. However we can just do nothing because we set PG_locked in the beginning, this prevents the page allocator from allocating it to someone. (It will BUG() on the unexpected PG_locked, which is fine for hwpoison testing.) [AK: Add select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR to satisfy dependency] CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> |
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Wu Fengguang
|
31d3d3484f |
HWPOISON: limit hwpoison injector to known page types
__memory_failure()'s workflow is set PG_hwpoison //... unset PG_hwpoison if didn't pass hwpoison filter That could kill unrelated process if it happens to page fault on the page with the (temporary) PG_hwpoison. The race should be big enough to appear in stress tests. Fix it by grabbing the page and checking filter at inject time. This also avoids the very noisy "Injecting memory failure..." messages. - we don't touch madvise() based injection, because the filters are generally not necessary for it. - if we want to apply the filters to h/w aided injection, we'd better to rearrange the logic in __memory_failure() instead of this patch. AK: fix documentation, use drain all, cleanups CC: Haicheng Li <haicheng.li@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> |
|
|
Wu Fengguang
|
7c116f2b0d |
HWPOISON: add fs/device filters
Filesystem data/metadata present the most tricky-to-isolate pages.
It requires careful code review and stress testing to get them right.
The fs/device filter helps to target the stress tests to some specific
filesystem pages. The filter condition is block device's major/minor
numbers:
- corrupt-filter-dev-major
- corrupt-filter-dev-minor
When specified (non -1), only page cache pages that belong to that
device will be poisoned.
The filters are checked reliably on the locked and refcounted page.
Haicheng: clear PG_hwpoison and drop bad page count if filter not OK
AK: Add documentation
CC: Haicheng Li <haicheng.li@intel.com>
CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
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|
|
Wu Fengguang
|
8d22ba1b74 |
HWPOISON: detect free buddy pages explicitly
Most free pages in the buddy system have no PG_buddy set. Introduce is_free_buddy_page() for detecting them reliably. CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> CC: Mel Gorman <mel@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> |
|
|
Lee Schermerhorn
|
418b27ef50 |
mm: remove unevictable_migrate_page function
unevictable_migrate_page() in mm/internal.h is a relic of the since removed UNEVICTABLE_LRU Kconfig option. This patch removes the function and open codes the test in migrate_page_copy(). Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Hugh Dickins
|
73848b4684 |
ksm: fix mlockfreed to munlocked
When KSM merges an mlocked page, it has been forgetting to munlock it: that's been left to free_page_mlock(), which reports it in /proc/vmstat as unevictable_pgs_mlockfreed instead of unevictable_pgs_munlocked (and whinges "Page flag mlocked set for process" in mmotm, whereas mainline is silently forgiving). Call munlock_vma_page() to fix that. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Hugh Dickins
|
af8e3354b4 |
mm: CONFIG_MMU for PG_mlocked
Remove three degrees of obfuscation, left over from when we had CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU. MLOCK_PAGES is CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCKED_PAGE_BIT is CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCK is CONFIG_MMU. rmap.o (and memory-failure.o) are only built when CONFIG_MMU, so don't need such conditions at all. Somehow, I feel no compulsion to remove the CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCK* lines from 169 defconfigs: leave those to evolve in due course. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Hugh Dickins
|
03f6462a3a |
mm: move highest_memmap_pfn
Move highest_memmap_pfn __read_mostly from page_alloc.c next to zero_pfn __read_mostly in memory.c: to help them share a cacheline, since they're very often tested together in vm_normal_page(). Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Hugh Dickins
|
58fa879e1e |
mm: FOLL flags for GUP flags
__get_user_pages() has been taking its own GUP flags, then processing them into FOLL flags for follow_page(). Though oddly named, the FOLL flags are more widely used, so pass them to __get_user_pages() now. Sorry, VM flags, VM_FAULT flags and FAULT_FLAGs are still distinct. (The patch to __get_user_pages() looks peculiar, with both gup_flags and foll_flags: the gup_flags remain constant; but as before there's an exceptional case, out of scope of the patch, in which foll_flags per page have FOLL_WRITE masked off.) Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Hugh Dickins
|
8e4b9a6071 |
mm: FOLL_DUMP replace FOLL_ANON
The "FOLL_ANON optimization" and its use_zero_page() test have caused confusion and bugs: why does it test VM_SHARED? for the very good but unsatisfying reason that VMware crashed without. As we look to maybe reinstating anonymous use of the ZERO_PAGE, we need to sort this out. Easily done: it's silly for __get_user_pages() and follow_page() to be guessing whether it's safe to assume that they're being used for a coredump (which can take a shortcut snapshot where other uses must handle a fault) - just tell them with GUP_FLAGS_DUMP and FOLL_DUMP. get_dump_page() doesn't even want a ZERO_PAGE: an error suits fine. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Hugh Dickins
|
1c3aff1cee |
mm: remove unused GUP flags
GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS and GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_SIGKILL were flags added solely to prevent __get_user_pages() from doing some of what it usually does, in the munlock case: we can now remove them. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Mel Gorman
|
fa5e084e43 |
vmscan: do not unconditionally treat zones that fail zone_reclaim() as full
On NUMA machines, the administrator can configure zone_reclaim_mode that
is a more targetted form of direct reclaim. On machines with large NUMA
distances for example, a zone_reclaim_mode defaults to 1 meaning that
clean unmapped pages will be reclaimed if the zone watermarks are not
being met. The problem is that zone_reclaim() failing at all means the
zone gets marked full.
This can cause situations where a zone is usable, but is being skipped
because it has been considered full. Take a situation where a large tmpfs
mount is occuping a large percentage of memory overall. The pages do not
get cleaned or reclaimed by zone_reclaim(), but the zone gets marked full
and the zonelist cache considers them not worth trying in the future.
This patch makes zone_reclaim() return more fine-grained information about
what occured when zone_reclaim() failued. The zone only gets marked full
if it really is unreclaimable. If it's a case that the scan did not occur
or if enough pages were not reclaimed with the limited reclaim_mode, then
the zone is simply skipped.
There is a side-effect to this patch. Currently, if zone_reclaim()
successfully reclaimed SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, an allocation attempt would go
ahead. With this patch applied, zone watermarks are rechecked after
zone_reclaim() does some work.
This bug was introduced by commit
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|
|
KOSAKI Motohiro
|
6837765963 |
mm: remove CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU config option
Currently, nobody wants to turn UNEVICTABLE_LRU off. Thus this configurability is unnecessary. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Wu Fengguang
|
20a0307c03 |
mm: introduce PageHuge() for testing huge/gigantic pages
A series of patches to enhance the /proc/pagemap interface and to add a
userspace executable which can be used to present the pagemap data.
Export 10 more flags to end users (and more for kernel developers):
11. KPF_MMAP (pseudo flag) memory mapped page
12. KPF_ANON (pseudo flag) memory mapped page (anonymous)
13. KPF_SWAPCACHE page is in swap cache
14. KPF_SWAPBACKED page is swap/RAM backed
15. KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD (*)
16. KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL (*)
17. KPF_HUGE hugeTLB pages
18. KPF_UNEVICTABLE page is in the unevictable LRU list
19. KPF_HWPOISON hardware detected corruption
20. KPF_NOPAGE (pseudo flag) no page frame at the address
(*) For compound pages, exporting _both_ head/tail info enables
users to tell where a compound page starts/ends, and its order.
a simple demo of the page-types tool
# ./page-types -h
page-types [options]
-r|--raw Raw mode, for kernel developers
-a|--addr addr-spec Walk a range of pages
-b|--bits bits-spec Walk pages with specified bits
-l|--list Show page details in ranges
-L|--list-each Show page details one by one
-N|--no-summary Don't show summay info
-h|--help Show this usage message
addr-spec:
N one page at offset N (unit: pages)
N+M pages range from N to N+M-1
N,M pages range from N to M-1
N, pages range from N to end
,M pages range from 0 to M
bits-spec:
bit1,bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0
bit1,bit2=bit1 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1
bit1,~bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1
=bit1,bit2 flags == (bit1|bit2)
bit-names:
locked error referenced uptodate
dirty lru active slab
writeback reclaim buddy mmap
anonymous swapcache swapbacked compound_head
compound_tail huge unevictable hwpoison
nopage reserved(r) mlocked(r) mappedtodisk(r)
private(r) private_2(r) owner_private(r) arch(r)
uncached(r) readahead(o) slob_free(o) slub_frozen(o)
slub_debug(o)
(r) raw mode bits (o) overloaded bits
# ./page-types
flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
0x0000000000000000 487369 1903 _________________________________
0x0000000000000014 5 0 __R_D____________________________ referenced,dirty
0x0000000000000020 1 0 _____l___________________________ lru
0x0000000000000024 34 0 __R__l___________________________ referenced,lru
0x0000000000000028 3838 14 ___U_l___________________________ uptodate,lru
0x0001000000000028 48 0 ___U_l_______________________I___ uptodate,lru,readahead
0x000000000000002c 6478 25 __RU_l___________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru
0x000100000000002c 47 0 __RU_l_______________________I___ referenced,uptodate,lru,readahead
0x0000000000000040 8344 32 ______A__________________________ active
0x0000000000000060 1 0 _____lA__________________________ lru,active
0x0000000000000068 348 1 ___U_lA__________________________ uptodate,lru,active
0x0001000000000068 12 0 ___U_lA______________________I___ uptodate,lru,active,readahead
0x000000000000006c 988 3 __RU_lA__________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active
0x000100000000006c 48 0 __RU_lA______________________I___ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,readahead
0x0000000000004078 1 0 ___UDlA_______b__________________ uptodate,dirty,lru,active,swapbacked
0x000000000000407c 34 0 __RUDlA_______b__________________ referenced,uptodate,dirty,lru,active,swapbacked
0x0000000000000400 503 1 __________B______________________ buddy
0x0000000000000804 1 0 __R________M_____________________ referenced,mmap
0x0000000000000828 1029 4 ___U_l_____M_____________________ uptodate,lru,mmap
0x0001000000000828 43 0 ___U_l_____M_________________I___ uptodate,lru,mmap,readahead
0x000000000000082c 382 1 __RU_l_____M_____________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,mmap
0x000100000000082c 12 0 __RU_l_____M_________________I___ referenced,uptodate,lru,mmap,readahead
0x0000000000000868 192 0 ___U_lA____M_____________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap
0x0001000000000868 12 0 ___U_lA____M_________________I___ uptodate,lru,active,mmap,readahead
0x000000000000086c 800 3 __RU_lA____M_____________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
0x000100000000086c 31 0 __RU_lA____M_________________I___ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap,readahead
0x0000000000004878 2 0 ___UDlA____M__b__________________ uptodate,dirty,lru,active,mmap,swapbacked
0x0000000000001000 492 1 ____________a____________________ anonymous
0x0000000000005808 4 0 ___U_______Ma_b__________________ uptodate,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
0x0000000000005868 2839 11 ___U_lA____Ma_b__________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
0x000000000000586c 30 0 __RU_lA____Ma_b__________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
total 513968 2007
# ./page-types -r
flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
0x0000000000000000 468002 1828 _________________________________
0x0000000100000000 19102 74 _____________________r___________ reserved
0x0000000000008000 41 0 _______________H_________________ compound_head
0x0000000000010000 188 0 ________________T________________ compound_tail
0x0000000000008014 1 0 __R_D__________H_________________ referenced,dirty,compound_head
0x0000000000010014 4 0 __R_D___________T________________ referenced,dirty,compound_tail
0x0000000000000020 1 0 _____l___________________________ lru
0x0000000800000024 34 0 __R__l__________________P________ referenced,lru,private
0x0000000000000028 3794 14 ___U_l___________________________ uptodate,lru
0x0001000000000028 46 0 ___U_l_______________________I___ uptodate,lru,readahead
0x0000000400000028 44 0 ___U_l_________________d_________ uptodate,lru,mappedtodisk
0x0001000400000028 2 0 ___U_l_________________d_____I___ uptodate,lru,mappedtodisk,readahead
0x000000000000002c 6434 25 __RU_l___________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru
0x000100000000002c 47 0 __RU_l_______________________I___ referenced,uptodate,lru,readahead
0x000000040000002c 14 0 __RU_l_________________d_________ referenced,uptodate,lru,mappedtodisk
0x000000080000002c 30 0 __RU_l__________________P________ referenced,uptodate,lru,private
0x0000000800000040 8124 31 ______A_________________P________ active,private
0x0000000000000040 219 0 ______A__________________________ active
0x0000000800000060 1 0 _____lA_________________P________ lru,active,private
0x0000000000000068 322 1 ___U_lA__________________________ uptodate,lru,active
0x0001000000000068 12 0 ___U_lA______________________I___ uptodate,lru,active,readahead
0x0000000400000068 13 0 ___U_lA________________d_________ uptodate,lru,active,mappedtodisk
0x0000000800000068 12 0 ___U_lA_________________P________ uptodate,lru,active,private
0x000000000000006c 977 3 __RU_lA__________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active
0x000100000000006c 48 0 __RU_lA______________________I___ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,readahead
0x000000040000006c 5 0 __RU_lA________________d_________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mappedtodisk
0x000000080000006c 3 0 __RU_lA_________________P________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,private
0x0000000c0000006c 3 0 __RU_lA________________dP________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mappedtodisk,private
0x0000000c00000068 1 0 ___U_lA________________dP________ uptodate,lru,active,mappedtodisk,private
0x0000000000004078 1 0 ___UDlA_______b__________________ uptodate,dirty,lru,active,swapbacked
0x000000000000407c 34 0 __RUDlA_______b__________________ referenced,uptodate,dirty,lru,active,swapbacked
0x0000000000000400 538 2 __________B______________________ buddy
0x0000000000000804 1 0 __R________M_____________________ referenced,mmap
0x0000000000000828 1029 4 ___U_l_____M_____________________ uptodate,lru,mmap
0x0001000000000828 43 0 ___U_l_____M_________________I___ uptodate,lru,mmap,readahead
0x000000000000082c 382 1 __RU_l_____M_____________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,mmap
0x000100000000082c 12 0 __RU_l_____M_________________I___ referenced,uptodate,lru,mmap,readahead
0x0000000000000868 192 0 ___U_lA____M_____________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap
0x0001000000000868 12 0 ___U_lA____M_________________I___ uptodate,lru,active,mmap,readahead
0x000000000000086c 800 3 __RU_lA____M_____________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
0x000100000000086c 31 0 __RU_lA____M_________________I___ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap,readahead
0x0000000000004878 2 0 ___UDlA____M__b__________________ uptodate,dirty,lru,active,mmap,swapbacked
0x0000000000001000 492 1 ____________a____________________ anonymous
0x0000000000005008 2 0 ___U________a_b__________________ uptodate,anonymous,swapbacked
0x0000000000005808 4 0 ___U_______Ma_b__________________ uptodate,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
0x000000000000580c 1 0 __RU_______Ma_b__________________ referenced,uptodate,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
0x0000000000005868 2839 11 ___U_lA____Ma_b__________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
0x000000000000586c 29 0 __RU_lA____Ma_b__________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
total 513968 2007
# ./page-types --raw --list --no-summary --bits reserved
offset count flags
0 15 _____________________r___________
31 4 _____________________r___________
159 97 _____________________r___________
4096 2067 _____________________r___________
6752 2390 _____________________r___________
9355 3 _____________________r___________
9728 14526 _____________________r___________
This patch:
Introduce PageHuge(), which identifies huge/gigantic pages by their
dedicated compound destructor functions.
Also move prep_compound_gigantic_page() to hugetlb.c and make
__free_pages_ok() non-static.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
|
KOSAKI Motohiro
|
092cead617 |
page allocator: move free_page_mlock() to page_alloc.c
Currently, free_page_mlock() is only called from page_alloc.c. Thus, we can move it to page_alloc.c. Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Mel Gorman
|
da456f14d2 |
page allocator: do not disable interrupts in free_page_mlock()
free_page_mlock() tests and clears PG_mlocked using locked versions of the bit operations. If set, it disables interrupts to update counters and this happens on every page free even though interrupts are disabled very shortly afterwards a second time. This is wasteful. This patch splits what free_page_mlock() does. The bit check is still made. However, the update of counters is delayed until the interrupts are disabled and the non-lock version for clearing the bit is used. One potential weirdness with this split is that the counters do not get updated if the bad_page() check is triggered but a system showing bad pages is getting screwed already. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
David Howells
|
33925b25d2 |
nommu: there is no mlock() for NOMMU, so don't provide the bits
The mlock() facility does not exist for NOMMU since all mappings are effectively locked anyway, so we don't make the bits available when they're not useful. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Enrik Berkhan <Enrik.Berkhan@ge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
|
|
Ying Han
|
4779280d1e |
mm: make get_user_pages() interruptible
The initial implementation of checking TIF_MEMDIE covers the cases of OOM killing. If the process has been OOM killed, the TIF_MEMDIE is set and it return immediately. This patch includes: 1. add the case that the SIGKILL is sent by user processes. The process can try to get_user_pages() unlimited memory even if a user process has sent a SIGKILL to it(maybe a monitor find the process exceed its memory limit and try to kill it). In the old implementation, the SIGKILL won't be handled until the get_user_pages() returns. 2. change the return value to be ERESTARTSYS. It makes no sense to return ENOMEM if the get_user_pages returned by getting a SIGKILL signal. Considering the general convention for a system call interrupted by a signal is ERESTARTNOSYS, so the current return value is consistant to that. Lee: An unfortunate side effect of "make-get_user_pages-interruptible" is that it prevents a SIGKILL'd task from munlock-ing pages that it had mlocked, resulting in freeing of mlocked pages. Freeing of mlocked pages, in itself, is not so bad. We just count them now--altho' I had hoped to remove this stat and add PG_MLOCKED to the free pages flags check. However, consider pages in shared libraries mapped by more than one task that a task mlocked--e.g., via mlockall(). If the task that mlocked the pages exits via SIGKILL, these pages would be left mlocked and unevictable. Proposed fix: Add another GUP flag to ignore sigkill when calling get_user_pages from munlock()--similar to Kosaki Motohiro's 'IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS flag for the same purpose. We are not actually allocating memory in this case, which "make-get_user_pages-interruptible" intends to avoid. We're just munlocking pages that are already resident and mapped, and we're reusing get_user_pages() to access those pages. ?? Maybe we should combine 'IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS and '_IGNORE_SIGKILL into a single flag: GUP_FLAGS_MUNLOCK ??? [Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com: ignore sigkill in get_user_pages during munlock] Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com> Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Rohit Seth <rohitseth@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Hugh Dickins
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22b31eec63 |
badpage: vm_normal_page use print_bad_pte
print_bad_pte() is so far being called only when zap_pte_range() finds negative page_mapcount, or there's a fault on a pte_file where it does not belong. That's weak coverage when we suspect pagetable corruption. Originally, it was called when vm_normal_page() found an invalid pfn: but pfn_valid is expensive on some architectures and configurations, so 2.6.24 put that under CONFIG_DEBUG_VM (which doesn't help in the field), then 2.6.26 replaced it by a VM_BUG_ON (likewise). Reinstate the print_bad_pte() in vm_normal_page(), but use a cheaper test than pfn_valid(): memmap_init_zone() (used in bootup and hotplug) keep a __read_mostly note of the highest_memmap_pfn, vm_normal_page() then check pfn against that. We could call this pfn_plausible() or pfn_sane(), but I doubt we'll need it elsewhere: of course it's not reliable, but gives much stronger pagetable validation on many boxes. Also use print_bad_pte() when the pte_special bit is found outside a VM_PFNMAP or VM_MIXEDMAP area, instead of VM_BUG_ON. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andy Whitcroft
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18229df5b6 |
hugetlb: pull gigantic page initialisation out of the default path
As we can determine exactly when a gigantic page is in use we can optimise the common regular page cases by pulling out gigantic page initialisation into its own function. As gigantic pages are never released to buddy we do not need a destructor. This effectivly reverts the previous change to the main buddy allocator. It also adds a paranoid check to ensure we never release gigantic pages from hugetlbfs to the main buddy. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Jon Tollefson <kniht@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.27.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andy Whitcroft
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69d177c2fc |
hugetlbfs: handle pages higher order than MAX_ORDER
When working with hugepages, hugetlbfs assumes that those hugepages are smaller than MAX_ORDER. Specifically it assumes that the mem_map is contigious and uses that to optimise access to the elements of the mem_map that represent the hugepage. Gigantic pages (such as 16GB pages on powerpc) by definition are of greater order than MAX_ORDER (larger than MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES in size). This means that we can no longer make use of the buddy alloctor guarentees for the contiguity of the mem_map, which ensures that the mem_map is at least contigious for maximmally aligned areas of MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES pages. This patch adds new mem_map accessors and iterator helpers which handle any discontiguity at MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES boundaries. It then uses these to implement gigantic page versions of copy_huge_page and clear_huge_page, and to allow follow_hugetlb_page handle gigantic pages. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Jon Tollefson <kniht@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.27.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Lee Schermerhorn
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985737cf2e |
mlock: count attempts to free mlocked page
Allow free of mlock()ed pages. This shouldn't happen, but during developement, it occasionally did. This patch allows us to survive that condition, while keeping the statistics and events correct for debug. Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Nick Piggin
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5344b7e648 |
vmstat: mlocked pages statistics
Add NR_MLOCK zone page state, which provides a (conservative) count of mlocked pages (actually, the number of mlocked pages moved off the LRU). Reworked by lts to fit in with the modified mlock page support in the Reclaim Scalability series. [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix incorrect Mlocked field of /proc/meminfo] [lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: mlocked-pages: add event counting with statistics] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Rik van Riel
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ba470de431 |
mmap: handle mlocked pages during map, remap, unmap
Originally by Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Remove mlocked pages from the LRU using "unevictable infrastructure" during mmap(), munmap(), mremap() and truncate(). Try to move back to normal LRU lists on munmap() when last mlocked mapping removed. Remove PageMlocked() status when page truncated from file. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup] [kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: fix double unlock_page()] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: split LRU: munlock rework] [lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: mlock: fix __mlock_vma_pages_range comment block] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove bogus kerneldoc token] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamewzawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Nick Piggin
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b291f00039 |
mlock: mlocked pages are unevictable
Make sure that mlocked pages also live on the unevictable LRU, so kswapd will not scan them over and over again. This is achieved through various strategies: 1) add yet another page flag--PG_mlocked--to indicate that the page is locked for efficient testing in vmscan and, optionally, fault path. This allows early culling of unevictable pages, preventing them from getting to page_referenced()/try_to_unmap(). Also allows separate accounting of mlock'd pages, as Nick's original patch did. Note: Nick's original mlock patch used a PG_mlocked flag. I had removed this in favor of the PG_unevictable flag + an mlock_count [new page struct member]. I restored the PG_mlocked flag to eliminate the new count field. 2) add the mlock/unevictable infrastructure to mm/mlock.c, with internal APIs in mm/internal.h. This is a rework of Nick's original patch to these files, taking into account that mlocked pages are now kept on unevictable LRU list. 3) update vmscan.c:page_evictable() to check PageMlocked() and, if vma passed in, the vm_flags. Note that the vma will only be passed in for new pages in the fault path; and then only if the "cull unevictable pages in fault path" patch is included. 4) add try_to_unlock() to rmap.c to walk a page's rmap and ClearPageMlocked() if no other vmas have it mlocked. Reuses as much of try_to_unmap() as possible. This effectively replaces the use of one of the lru list links as an mlock count. If this mechanism let's pages in mlocked vmas leak through w/o PG_mlocked set [I don't know that it does], we should catch them later in try_to_unmap(). One hopes this will be rare, as it will be relatively expensive. Original mm/internal.h, mm/rmap.c and mm/mlock.c changes: Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages(): New munlock processing need to GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS. because current get_user_pages() can't grab PROT_NONE pages theresore it cause PROT_NONE pages can't munlock. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix this for pagemap-pass-mm-into-pagewalkers.patch] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: untangle patch interdependencies] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix things after out-of-order merging] [hugh@veritas.com: fix page-flags mess] [lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: fix munlock page table walk - now requires 'mm'] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: build fix] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix truncate race and sevaral comments] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages()] Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Lee Schermerhorn
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894bc31041 |
Unevictable LRU Infrastructure
When the system contains lots of mlocked or otherwise unevictable pages, the pageout code (kswapd) can spend lots of time scanning over these pages. Worse still, the presence of lots of unevictable pages can confuse kswapd into thinking that more aggressive pageout modes are required, resulting in all kinds of bad behaviour. Infrastructure to manage pages excluded from reclaim--i.e., hidden from vmscan. Based on a patch by Larry Woodman of Red Hat. Reworked to maintain "unevictable" pages on a separate per-zone LRU list, to "hide" them from vmscan. Kosaki Motohiro added the support for the memory controller unevictable lru list. Pages on the unevictable list have both PG_unevictable and PG_lru set. Thus, PG_unevictable is analogous to and mutually exclusive with PG_active--it specifies which LRU list the page is on. The unevictable infrastructure is enabled by a new mm Kconfig option [CONFIG_]UNEVICTABLE_LRU. A new function 'page_evictable(page, vma)' in vmscan.c tests whether or not a page may be evictable. Subsequent patches will add the various !evictable tests. We'll want to keep these tests light-weight for use in shrink_active_list() and, possibly, the fault path. To avoid races between tasks putting pages [back] onto an LRU list and tasks that might be moving the page from non-evictable to evictable state, the new function 'putback_lru_page()' -- inverse to 'isolate_lru_page()' -- tests the "evictability" of a page after placing it on the LRU, before dropping the reference. If the page has become unevictable, putback_lru_page() will redo the 'putback', thus moving the page to the unevictable list. This way, we avoid "stranding" evictable pages on the unevictable list. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix fallout from out-of-order merge] [riel@redhat.com: fix UNEVICTABLE_LRU and !PROC_PAGE_MONITOR build] [nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp: remove redundant mapping check] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: unevictable-lru-infrastructure: putback_lru_page()/unevictable page handling rework] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: kill unnecessary lock_page() in vmscan.c] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: revert migration change of unevictable lru infrastructure] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: revert to unevictable-lru-infrastructure-kconfig-fix.patch] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: restore patch failure of vmstat-unevictable-and-mlocked-pages-vm-events.patch] Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Debugged-by: Benjamin Kidwell <benjkidwell@yahoo.com> Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Nick Piggin
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62695a84eb |
vmscan: move isolate_lru_page() to vmscan.c
On large memory systems, the VM can spend way too much time scanning through pages that it cannot (or should not) evict from memory. Not only does it use up CPU time, but it also provokes lock contention and can leave large systems under memory presure in a catatonic state. This patch series improves VM scalability by: 1) putting filesystem backed, swap backed and unevictable pages onto their own LRUs, so the system only scans the pages that it can/should evict from memory 2) switching to two handed clock replacement for the anonymous LRUs, so the number of pages that need to be scanned when the system starts swapping is bound to a reasonable number 3) keeping unevictable pages off the LRU completely, so the VM does not waste CPU time scanning them. ramfs, ramdisk, SHM_LOCKED shared memory segments and mlock()ed VMA pages are keept on the unevictable list. This patch: isolate_lru_page logically belongs to be in vmscan.c than migrate.c. It is tough, because we don't need that function without memory migration so there is a valid argument to have it in migrate.c. However a subsequent patch needs to make use of it in the core mm, so we can happily move it to vmscan.c. Also, make the function a little more generic by not requiring that it adds an isolated page to a given list. Callers can do that. Note that we now have '__isolate_lru_page()', that does something quite different, visible outside of vmscan.c for use with memory controller. Methinks we need to rationalize these names/purposes. --lts [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/memory_hotplug.c build] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andi Kleen
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01ad1c0827 |
mm: export prep_compound_page to mm
hugetlb will need to get compound pages from bootmem to handle the case of them being greater than or equal to MAX_ORDER. Export the constructor function needed for this. Acked-by: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Jan Beulich
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42b7772812 |
mm: remove double indirection on tlb parameter to free_pgd_range() & Co
The double indirection here is not needed anywhere and hence (at least) confusing. Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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68ad8df42e |
mm: print out the zonelists on request for manual verification
This patch prints out the zonelists during boot for manual verification by the user if the mminit_loglevel is MMINIT_VERIFY or higher. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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2dbb51c49f |
mm: make defensive checks around PFN values registered for memory usage
There are a number of different views to how much memory is currently active. There is the arch-independent zone-sizing view, the bootmem allocator and memory models view. Architectures register this information at different times and is not necessarily in sync particularly with respect to some SPARSEMEM limitations. This patch introduces mminit_validate_memmodel_limits() which is able to validate and correct PFN ranges with respect to the memory model. It is only SPARSEMEM that currently validates itself. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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708614e618 |
mm: verify the page links and memory model
Print out information on how the page flags are being used if mminit_loglevel is MMINIT_VERIFY or higher and unconditionally performs sanity checks on the flags regardless of loglevel. When the page flags are updated with section, node and zone information, a check are made to ensure the values can be retrieved correctly. Finally we confirm that pfn_to_page and page_to_pfn are the correct inverse functions. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk warnings] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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6b74ab97bc |
mm: add a basic debugging framework for memory initialisation
Boot initialisation is very complex, with significant numbers of architecture-specific routines, hooks and code ordering. While significant amounts of the initialisation is architecture-independent, it trusts the data received from the architecture layer. This is a mistake, and has resulted in a number of difficult-to-diagnose bugs. This patchset adds some validation and tracing to memory initialisation. It also introduces a few basic defensive measures. The validation code can be explicitly disabled for embedded systems. This patch: Add additional debugging and verification code for memory initialisation. Once enabled, the verification checks are always run and when required additional debugging information may be outputted via a mminit_loglevel= command-line parameter. The verification code is placed in a new file mm/mm_init.c. Ideally other mm initialisation code will be moved here over time. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Yasunori Goto
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0c0a4a517a |
memory hotplug: free memmaps allocated by bootmem
This patch is to free memmaps which is allocated by bootmem. Freeing usemap is not necessary. The pages of usemap may be necessary for other sections. If removing section is last section on the node, its section is the final user of usemap page. (usemaps are allocated on its section by previous patch.) But it shouldn't be freed too, because the section must be logical offline state which all pages are isolated against page allocater. If it is freed, page alloctor may use it which will be removed physically soon. It will be disaster. So, this patch keeps it as it is. Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Alexander van Heukelum
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b5a0e01132 |
Solve section mismatch for free_area_init_core.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.meminit.text+0x649): Section mismatch in reference from the function free_area_init_core() to the function .init.text:setup_usemap() The function __meminit free_area_init_core() references a function __init setup_usemap(). If free_area_init_core is only used by setup_usemap then annotate free_area_init_core with a matching annotation. The warning is covers this stack of functions in mm/page_alloc.c: alloc_bootmem_node must be marked __init. alloc_bootmem_node is used by setup_usemap, if !SPARSEMEM. (usemap_size is only used by setup_usemap, if !SPARSEMEM.) setup_usemap is only used by free_area_init_core. free_area_init_core is only used by free_area_init_node. free_area_init_node is used by: arch/alpha/mm/numa.c: __init paging_init() arch/arm/mm/init.c: __init bootmem_init_node() arch/avr32/mm/init.c: __init paging_init() arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/init.c: __init paging_init() arch/cris/arch-v32/mm/init.c: __init paging_init() arch/m32r/mm/discontig.c: __init zone_sizes_init() arch/m32r/mm/init.c: __init zone_sizes_init() arch/m68k/mm/motorola.c: __init paging_init() arch/m68k/mm/sun3mmu.c: __init paging_init() arch/mips/sgi-ip27/ip27-memory.c: __init paging_init() arch/parisc/mm/init.c: __init paging_init() arch/sparc/mm/srmmu.c: __init srmmu_paging_init() arch/sparc/mm/sun4c.c: __init sun4c_paging_init() arch/sparc64/mm/init.c: __init paging_init() mm/page_alloc.c: __init free_area_init_nodes() mm/page_alloc.c: __init free_area_init() and mm/memory_hotplug.c: hotadd_new_pgdat() hotadd_new_pgdat can not be an __init function, but: It is compiled for MEMORY_HOTPLUG configurations only MEMORY_HOTPLUG depends on SPARSEMEM || X86_64_ACPI_NUMA X86_64_ACPI_NUMA depends on X86_64 ARCH_FLATMEM_ENABLE depends on X86_32 ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE depends on X86_32 So X86_64_ACPI_NUMA implies SPARSEMEM, right? So we can mark the stack of functions __init for !SPARSEMEM, but we must mark them __meminit for SPARSEMEM configurations. This is ok, because then the calls to alloc_bootmem_node are also avoided. Compile-tested on: silly minimal config defconfig x86_32 defconfig x86_64 defconfig x86_64 -HIBERNATION +MEMORY_HOTPLUG Signed-off-by: Alexander van Heukelum <heukelum@fastmail.fm> Reviewed-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Qi Yong
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ae1276b934 |
set_page_refcounted() VM_BUG_ON fix
The current PageTail semantic is that a PageTail page is first a PageCompound page. So remove the redundant PageCompound test in set_page_refcounted(). Signed-off-by: Qi Yong <qiyong@fc-cn.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Harvey Harrison
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920c7a5d0c |
mm: remove fastcall from mm/
fastcall is always defined to be empty, remove it [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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48f13bf3e7 |
Breakout page_order() to internal.h to avoid special knowledge of the buddy allocator
The statistics patch later needs to know what order a free page is on the free lists. Rather than having special knowledge of page_private() when PageBuddy() is set, this patch places out page_order() in internal.h and adds a VM_BUG_ON to catch using it on non-PageBuddy pages. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Acked-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Christoph Lameter
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d85f33855c |
Make page->private usable in compound pages
If we add a new flag so that we can distinguish between the first page and the tail pages then we can avoid to use page->private in the first page. page->private == page for the first page, so there is no real information in there. Freeing up page->private makes the use of compound pages more transparent. They become more usable like real pages. Right now we have to be careful f.e. if we are going beyond PAGE_SIZE allocations in the slab on i386 because we can then no longer use the private field. This is one of the issues that cause us not to support debugging for page size slabs in SLAB. Having page->private available for SLUB would allow more meta information in the page struct. I can probably avoid the 16 bit ints that I have in there right now. Also if page->private is available then a compound page may be equipped with buffer heads. This may free up the way for filesystems to support larger blocks than page size. We add PageTail as an alias of PageReclaim. Compound pages cannot currently be reclaimed. Because of the alias one needs to check PageCompound first. The RFC for the this approach was discussed at http://marc.info/?t=117574302800001&r=1&w=2 [nacc@us.ibm.com: fix hugetlbfs] Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Nick Piggin
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725d704eca |
[PATCH] mm: VM_BUG_ON
Introduce a VM_BUG_ON, which is turned on with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM. Use this in the lightweight, inline refcounting functions; PageLRU and PageActive checks in vmscan, because they're pretty well confined to vmscan. And in page allocate/free fastpaths which can be the hottest parts of the kernel for kbuilds. Unlike BUG_ON, VM_BUG_ON must not be used to execute statements with side-effects, and should not be used outside core mm code. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> |
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Nick Piggin
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7835e98b2e |
[PATCH] remove set_page_count() outside mm/
set_page_count usage outside mm/ is limited to setting the refcount to 1. Remove set_page_count from outside mm/, and replace those users with init_page_count() and set_page_refcounted(). This allows more debug checking, and tighter control on how code is allowed to play around with page->_count. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> |
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Nick Piggin
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84097518d1 |
[PATCH] mm: nommu use compound pages
Now that compound page handling is properly fixed in the VM, move nommu over to using compound pages rather than rolling their own refcounting. nommu vm page refcounting is broken anyway, but there is no need to have divergent code in the core VM now, nor when it gets fixed. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> (Needs testing, please). Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> |
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Nick Piggin
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0f8053a509 |
[PATCH] mm: make __put_page internal
Remove __put_page from outside the core mm/. It is dangerous because it does not handle compound pages nicely, and misses 1->0 transitions. If a user later appears that really needs the extra speed we can reevaluate. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> |
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David Howells
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a226f6c899 |
[PATCH] FRV: Clean up bootmem allocator's page freeing algorithm
The attached patch cleans up the way the bootmem allocator frees pages. A new function, __free_pages_bootmem(), is provided in mm/page_alloc.c that is called from mm/bootmem.c to turn pages over to the main allocator. All the bits of code to initialise pages (clearing PG_reserved and setting the page count) are moved to here. The checks on page validity are removed, on the assumption that the struct page arrays will have been prepared correctly. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> |
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Nick Piggin
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77a8a78834 |
[PATCH] mm: set_page_refs opt
Inline set_page_refs. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> |
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Linus Torvalds
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1da177e4c3 |
Linux-2.6.12-rc2
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip! |