Pull CIFS fixes from Steve French.
* 'for-next' of git://git.samba.org/sfrench/cifs-2.6:
CIFS: Fix memory leaks in SMB2_open
cifs: ensure that vol->username is not NULL before running strlen on it
Clarify SMB2/SMB3 create context and add missing ones
Do not send ClientGUID on SMB2.02 dialect
cifs: Set client guid on per connection basis
fs/cifs/netmisc.c: convert printk to pr_foo()
fs/cifs/cifs.c: replace seq_printf by seq_puts
Update cifs version number to 2.03
fs: cifs: new helper: file_inode(file)
cifs: fix potential races in cifs_revalidate_mapping
cifs: new helper function: cifs_revalidate_mapping
cifs: convert booleans in cifsInodeInfo to a flags field
cifs: fix cifs_uniqueid_to_ino_t not to ever return 0
The handling of the CIFS_INO_INVALID_MAPPING flag is racy. It's possible
for two tasks to attempt to revalidate the mapping at the same time. The
first sees that CIFS_INO_INVALID_MAPPING is set. It clears the flag and
then calls invalidate_inode_pages2 to start shooting down the pagecache.
While that's going on, another task checks the flag and sees that it's
clear. It then ends up trusting the pagecache to satisfy a read when it
shouldn't.
Fix this by adding a bitlock to ensure that the clearing of the flag is
atomic with respect to the actual cache invalidation. Also, move the
other existing users of cifs_invalidate_mapping to use a new
cifs_zap_mapping() function that just sets the INVALID_MAPPING bit and
then uses the standard codepath to handle the invalidation.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Consolidate a bit of code. In a later patch we'll expand this to fix
some races.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
In later patches, we'll need to have a bitlock, so go ahead and convert
these bools to use atomic bitops instead.
Also, clean up the initialization of the flags field. There's no need
to unset each bit individually just after it was zeroed on allocation.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
actimeo=0 is supposed to be a special case that ensures that inode
attributes are always refetched from the server instead of trusting the
cache. The cifs code however uses time_in_range() to determine whether
the attributes have timed out. In the case where cifs_i->time equals
jiffies, this leads to the cifs code not refetching the inode attributes
when it should.
Fix this by explicitly testing for actimeo=0, and handling it as a
special case.
Reported-and-tested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
When mounting with smb2/smb3 (e.g. vers=2.1) and cifsacl mount option,
it was trying to get the mode by querying the acl over the cifs
rather than smb2 protocol. This patch makes that protocol
independent and makes cifsacl smb2 mounts return a more intuitive
operation not supported error (until we add a worker function
for smb2_get_acl).
Note that a previous patch fixed getxattr/setxattr for the CIFSACL xattr
which would unconditionally call cifs_get_acl and cifs_set_acl (even when
mounted smb2). I made those protocol independent last week (new protocol
version operations "get_acl" and "set_acl" but did not add an
smb2_get_acl and smb2_set_acl yet so those now simply return EOPNOTSUPP
which at least is better than sending cifs requests on smb2 mount)
The previous patches did not fix the one remaining case though ie
mounting with "cifsacl" when getting mode from acl would unconditionally
end up calling "cifs_get_acl_from_fid" even for smb2 - so made that protocol
independent but to make that protocol independent had to make sure that the callers
were passing the protocol independent handle structure (cifs_fid) instead
of cifs specific _u16 network file handle (ie cifs_fid instead of cifs_fid->fid)
Now mount with smb2 and cifsacl mount options will return EOPNOTSUP (instead
of timing out) and a future patch will add smb2 operations (e.g. get_smb2_acl)
to enable this.
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Changeset 666753c3ef added protocol
operations for get/setxattr to avoid calling cifs operations
on smb2/smb3 mounts for xattr operations and this changeset
adds the calls to cifs specific protocol operations for xattrs
(in order to reenable cifs support for xattrs which was
temporarily disabled by the previous changeset. We do not
have SMB2/SMB3 worker function for setting xattrs yet so
this only enables it for cifs.
CCing stable since without these two small changsets (its
small coreq 666753c3ef is
also needed) calling getfattr/setfattr on smb2/smb3 mounts
causes problems.
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <spargaonkar@suse.com>
CC: Stable <stable@kernel.org>
Rename CIFSSMBOpen to CIFS_open and make it take
cifs_open_parms structure as a parm.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Clean up camel case in functionnames.
Signed-off-by: Sachin Prabhu <sprabhu@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
When we obtain tcon from cifs_sb, we use cifs_sb_tlink() to first obtain
tlink which also grabs a reference to it. We do not drop this reference
to tlink once we are done with the call.
The patch fixes this issue by instead passing tcon as a parameter and
avoids having to obtain a reference to the tlink. A lookup for the tcon
is already made in the calling functions and this way we avoid having to
re-run the lookup. This is also consistent with the argument list for
other similar calls for M-F symlinks.
We should also return an ENOSYS when we do not find a protocol specific
function to lookup the MF Symlink data.
Signed-off-by: Sachin Prabhu <sprabhu@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
CC: Stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Now we treat any reparse point as a symbolic link and map it to a Unix
one that is not true in a common case due to many reparse point types
supported by SMB servers.
Distinguish reparse point types into two groups:
1) that can be accessed directly through a reparse point
(junctions, deduplicated files, NFS symlinks);
2) that need to be processed manually (Windows symbolic links, DFS);
and map only Windows symbolic links to Unix ones.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Joao Correia <joaomiguelcorreia@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Since we don't get info about the number of links from the readdir
linfo levels, stat() will return 0 for st_nlink, and in particular,
samba re-exported shares will show directories as files (as samba is
keying off st_nlink before evaluating how to set the dos modebits)
when doing a dir or ls.
Copy nlink to the inode, unless it wasn't provided. Provide
sane values if we don't have an existing one and none was provided.
Signed-off-by: Jim McDonough <jmcd@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Disseldorp <ddiss@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Merge more patches from Andrew Morton:
"The rest of MM. Plus one misc cleanup"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (35 commits)
mm/Kconfig: add MMU dependency for MIGRATION.
kernel: replace strict_strto*() with kstrto*()
mm, thp: count thp_fault_fallback anytime thp fault fails
thp: consolidate code between handle_mm_fault() and do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page()
thp: do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() cleanup
thp: move maybe_pmd_mkwrite() out of mk_huge_pmd()
mm: cleanup add_to_page_cache_locked()
thp: account anon transparent huge pages into NR_ANON_PAGES
truncate: drop 'oldsize' truncate_pagecache() parameter
mm: make lru_add_drain_all() selective
memcg: document cgroup dirty/writeback memory statistics
memcg: add per cgroup writeback pages accounting
memcg: check for proper lock held in mem_cgroup_update_page_stat
memcg: remove MEMCG_NR_FILE_MAPPED
memcg: reduce function dereference
memcg: avoid overflow caused by PAGE_ALIGN
memcg: rename RESOURCE_MAX to RES_COUNTER_MAX
memcg: correct RESOURCE_MAX to ULLONG_MAX
mm: memcg: do not trap chargers with full callstack on OOM
mm: memcg: rework and document OOM waiting and wakeup
...
truncate_pagecache() doesn't care about old size since commit
cedabed49b ("vfs: Fix vmtruncate() regression"). Let's drop it.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
that prepare the code to handle different types of SMB2 leases.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <pshilovsky@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
that allows to access files through symlink created on a server.
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <pshilovsky@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Certain servers may not set the NumberOfLinks field in query file/path
info responses. In such a case, cifs_inode_needs_reval() assumes that
all regular files are hardlinks and triggers revalidation, leading to
excessive and unnecessary network traffic.
This change hardcodes cf_nlink (and subsequently i_nlink) when not
returned by the server, similar to what already occurs in cifs_mkdir().
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David Disseldorp <ddiss@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
It's generally not safe to reset the inode ops once they've been set. In
the case where the inode was originally thought to be a directory and
then later found to be a DFS referral, this can lead to an oops when we
try to trigger an inode op on it after changing the ops to the blank
referral operations.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reported-and-Tested-by: Sachin Prabhu <sprabhu@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
It's not obvious from reading the macro names that these macros
are for debugging. Convert the names to a single more typical
kernel style cifs_dbg macro.
cERROR(1, ...) -> cifs_dbg(VFS, ...)
cFYI(1, ...) -> cifs_dbg(FYI, ...)
cFYI(DBG2, ...) -> cifs_dbg(NOISY, ...)
Move the terminating format newline from the macro to the call site.
Add CONFIG_CIFS_DEBUG function cifs_vfs_err to emit the
"CIFS VFS: " prefix for VFS messages.
Size is reduced ~ 1% when CONFIG_CIFS_DEBUG is set (default y)
$ size fs/cifs/cifs.ko*
text data bss dec hex filename
265245 2525 132 267902 4167e fs/cifs/cifs.ko.new
268359 2525 132 271016 422a8 fs/cifs/cifs.ko.old
Other miscellaneous changes around these conversions:
o Miscellaneous typo fixes
o Add terminating \n's to almost all formats and remove them
from the macros to be more kernel style like. A few formats
previously had defective \n's
o Remove unnecessary OOM messages as kmalloc() calls dump_stack
o Coalesce formats to make grep easier,
added missing spaces when coalescing formats
o Use %s, __func__ instead of embedded function name
o Removed unnecessary "cifs: " prefixes
o Convert kzalloc with multiply to kcalloc
o Remove unused cifswarn macro
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
NT_SHARING_VIOLATION errors are mapped to ETXTBSY which is unexpected
for operations such as unlink where we can hit these errors.
The patch maps the error NT_SHARING_VIOLATION to EBUSY instead. The
patch also replaces all instances of ETXTBSY in
cifs_rename_pending_delete() with EBUSY.
Signed-off-by: Sachin Prabhu <sprabhu@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
cifs_rename_pending_delete() attempts to silly rename file using
CIFSSMBRenameOpenFile(). This uses the SET_FILE_INFORMATION TRANS2
command with information level set to the passthru info-level
SMB_SET_FILE_RENAME_INFORMATION.
We need to check to make sure that the server support passthru
info-levels before attempting the silly rename or else we will fail to
rename the file.
Signed-off-by: Sachin Prabhu <sprabhu@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Fix check for error condition after setting attributes with
CIFSSMBSetFileInfo().
Signed-off-by: Sachin Prabhu <sprabhu@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived
list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member)
The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter:
hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member)
Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only
they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking
exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate.
Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required:
- Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h
- Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones.
- A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this
was modified to use 'obj->member' instead.
- Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator
properly, so those had to be fixed up manually.
The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here:
@@
iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host;
type T;
expression a,c,d,e;
identifier b;
statement S;
@@
-T b;
<+... when != b
(
hlist_for_each_entry(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a,
- b,
c) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_from(a,
- b,
c) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a,
- b,
c) S
|
for_each_busy_worker(a, c,
- b,
d) S
|
ax25_uid_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
ax25_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
sctp_for_each_hentry(a,
- b,
c) S
|
sk_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
sk_for_each_rcu(a,
- b,
c) S
|
sk_for_each_from
-(a, b)
+(a)
S
+ sk_for_each_from(a) S
|
sk_for_each_safe(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
sk_for_each_bound(a,
- b,
c) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a,
- b,
c, d, e) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a,
- b,
c) S
|
nr_neigh_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
nr_node_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
nr_node_for_each_safe(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
- for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S
+ for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S
|
- for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S
+ for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S
|
for_each_host(a,
- b,
c) S
|
for_each_host_safe(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
for_each_mesh_entry(a,
- b,
c, d) S
)
...+>
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
[akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes]
Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull vfs pile (part one) from Al Viro:
"Assorted stuff - cleaning namei.c up a bit, fixing ->d_name/->d_parent
locking violations, etc.
The most visible changes here are death of FS_REVAL_DOT (replaced with
"has ->d_weak_revalidate()") and a new helper getting from struct file
to inode. Some bits of preparation to xattr method interface changes.
Misc patches by various people sent this cycle *and* ocfs2 fixes from
several cycles ago that should've been upstream right then.
PS: the next vfs pile will be xattr stuff."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (46 commits)
saner proc_get_inode() calling conventions
proc: avoid extra pde_put() in proc_fill_super()
fs: change return values from -EACCES to -EPERM
fs/exec.c: make bprm_mm_init() static
ocfs2/dlm: use GFP_ATOMIC inside a spin_lock
ocfs2: fix possible use-after-free with AIO
ocfs2: Fix oops in ocfs2_fast_symlink_readpage() code path
get_empty_filp()/alloc_file() leave both ->f_pos and ->f_version zero
target: writev() on single-element vector is pointless
export kernel_write(), convert open-coded instances
fs: encode_fh: return FILEID_INVALID if invalid fid_type
kill f_vfsmnt
vfs: kill FS_REVAL_DOT by adding a d_weak_revalidate dentry op
nfsd: handle vfs_getattr errors in acl protocol
switch vfs_getattr() to struct path
default SET_PERSONALITY() in linux/elf.h
ceph: prepopulate inodes only when request is aborted
d_hash_and_lookup(): export, switch open-coded instances
9p: switch v9fs_set_create_acl() to inode+fid, do it before d_instantiate()
9p: split dropping the acls from v9fs_set_create_acl()
...
In cifs_unix_to_basic_fattr only update the cifs_fattr with an id if
it is valid after conversion.
Cc: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Use INVALID_UID and INVALID_GID instead of NO_CHANGE_64 to indicate
the value should not be changed.
In cifs_fill_unix_set_info convert from kuids and kgids into uids and
gids that will fit in FILE_UNIX_BASIC_INFO.
Cc: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Update id_mode_to_cifs_acl to take a kuid_t and a kgid_t.
Replace NO_CHANGE_32 with INVALID_UID and INVALID_GID, and tests for
NO_CHANGE_32 with uid_valid and gid_valid.
Carefully unpack the value returned from request_key. memcpy the
value into the expected type. The convert the uid/gid into a
kuid/kgid. And then only if the result is a valid kuid or kgid update
fuid/fgid.
Cc: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
The cifs protocol has a 64bit space for uids and gids, while linux
only supports a 32bit space today. Instead of silently truncating
64bit cifs ids, replace cifs ids that do not fit in the 32bit linux
id space with the default uid and gids for the cifs mount.
Cc: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
If we're using cifsacl, then we don't want to override the uid/gid with
the current uid/gid, since that would prevent you from being able to
upcall for this info.
Reviewed-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Rebased and resending the patch.
Path based queries can fail for lack of access, especially during lookup
during open.
open itself would actually succeed becasue of back up intent bit
but queries (either path or file handle based) do not have a means to
specifiy backup intent bit.
So query the file info during lookup using
trans2 / findfirst / file_id_full_dir_info
to obtain file info as well as file_id/inode value.
Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Rename inode pointers for better clarity. Move the d_instantiate call to
the end of the function to prevent other tasks from seeing it before
we've finished constructing it. Since we should have exclusive access to
the inode at this point, remove the spinlock around i_nlink update.
Reviewed-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
and make cifs_get_file_info(_unix) calls static.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <pshilovsky@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
This is help us to extend the code for future protocols that can use
another fid mechanism (as SMB2 that has it divided into two parts:
persistent and violatile).
Also rename variables and refactor the code around the changes.
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <pshilovsky@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
that can cause warning messages. Pavel had initially
suggested a smaller patch around drop_nlink, after
a similar problem was discovered NFS. Protecting
additional places where nlink is touched was
suggested by Jeff Layton and is included in this.
Reviewed-by: Pavel Shilovsky <pshilovsky@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Since both CIFS and SMB2 use ses->capabilities (server->capabilities)
field but flags are different we should make such checks protocol
independent.
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <pshilovsky@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Currently we do inc/drop_nlink for a parent directory for every
mkdir/rmdir calls. That's wrong when Unix extensions are disabled
because in this case a server doesn't follow the same semantic and
returns the old value on the next QueryInfo request. As the result,
we update our value with the server one and then decrement it on
every rmdir call - go to negative nlink values.
Fix this by removing inc/drop_nlink for the parent directory from
mkdir/rmdir, setting it for a revalidation and ignoring NumberOfLinks
for directories when Unix extensions are disabled.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
vfs_mkdir() gets int, but immediately drops everything that might not
fit into umode_t and that's the only caller of ->mkdir()...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Linus Torvalds