Define PPP device handler for use with rtnetlink.
The only PPP specific attribute is IFLA_PPP_DEV_FD. It is mandatory and
contains the file descriptor of the associated /dev/ppp instance (the
file descriptor which would have been used for ioctl(PPPIOCNEWUNIT) in
the ioctl-based API). The PPP device is removed when this file
descriptor is released (same behaviour as with ioctl based PPP
devices).
PPP devices created with the rtnetlink API behave like the ones created
with ioctl(PPPIOCNEWUNIT). In particular existing ioctls work the same
way, no matter how the PPP device was created.
The rtnl callbacks are also assigned to ioctl based PPP devices. This
way, rtnl messages have the same effect on any PPP devices.
The immediate effect is that all PPP devices, even ioctl-based
ones, can now be removed with "ip link del".
A minor difference still exists between ioctl and rtnl based PPP
interfaces: in the device name, the number following the "ppp" prefix
corresponds to the PPP unit number for ioctl based devices, while it is
just an unrelated incrementing index for rtnl ones.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Move PPP device initialisation and registration out of
ppp_create_interface().
This prepares code for device registration with rtnetlink.
While there, simplify the prototype of ppp_create_interface():
* Since ppp_dev_configure() takes care of setting file->private_data,
there's no need to return a ppp structure to ppp_unattached_ioctl()
anymore.
* The unit parameter is made read/write so that ppp_create_interface()
can tell which unit number has been assigned.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Pull networking updates from David Miller:
"Highlights:
1) Support more Realtek wireless chips, from Jes Sorenson.
2) New BPF types for per-cpu hash and arrap maps, from Alexei
Starovoitov.
3) Make several TCP sysctls per-namespace, from Nikolay Borisov.
4) Allow the use of SO_REUSEPORT in order to do per-thread processing
of incoming TCP/UDP connections. The muxing can be done using a
BPF program which hashes the incoming packet. From Craig Gallek.
5) Add a multiplexer for TCP streams, to provide a messaged based
interface. BPF programs can be used to determine the message
boundaries. From Tom Herbert.
6) Add 802.1AE MACSEC support, from Sabrina Dubroca.
7) Avoid factorial complexity when taking down an inetdev interface
with lots of configured addresses. We were doing things like
traversing the entire address less for each address removed, and
flushing the entire netfilter conntrack table for every address as
well.
8) Add and use SKB bulk free infrastructure, from Jesper Brouer.
9) Allow offloading u32 classifiers to hardware, and implement for
ixgbe, from John Fastabend.
10) Allow configuring IRQ coalescing parameters on a per-queue basis,
from Kan Liang.
11) Extend ethtool so that larger link mode masks can be supported.
From David Decotigny.
12) Introduce devlink, which can be used to configure port link types
(ethernet vs Infiniband, etc.), port splitting, and switch device
level attributes as a whole. From Jiri Pirko.
13) Hardware offload support for flower classifiers, from Amir Vadai.
14) Add "Local Checksum Offload". Basically, for a tunneled packet
the checksum of the outer header is 'constant' (because with the
checksum field filled into the inner protocol header, the payload
of the outer frame checksums to 'zero'), and we can take advantage
of that in various ways. From Edward Cree"
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1548 commits)
bonding: fix bond_get_stats()
net: bcmgenet: fix dma api length mismatch
net/mlx4_core: Fix backward compatibility on VFs
phy: mdio-thunder: Fix some Kconfig typos
lan78xx: add ndo_get_stats64
lan78xx: handle statistics counter rollover
RDS: TCP: Remove unused constant
RDS: TCP: Add sysctl tunables for sndbuf/rcvbuf on rds-tcp socket
net: smc911x: convert pxa dma to dmaengine
team: remove duplicate set of flag IFF_MULTICAST
bonding: remove duplicate set of flag IFF_MULTICAST
net: fix a comment typo
ethernet: micrel: fix some error codes
ip_tunnels, bpf: define IP_TUNNEL_OPTS_MAX and use it
bpf, dst: add and use dst_tclassid helper
bpf: make skb->tc_classid also readable
net: mvneta: bm: clarify dependencies
cls_bpf: reset class and reuse major in da
ldmvsw: Checkpatch sunvnet.c and sunvnet_common.c
ldmvsw: Add ldmvsw.c driver code
...
Pull crypto update from Herbert Xu:
"Here is the crypto update for 4.6:
API:
- Convert remaining crypto_hash users to shash or ahash, also convert
blkcipher/ablkcipher users to skcipher.
- Remove crypto_hash interface.
- Remove crypto_pcomp interface.
- Add crypto engine for async cipher drivers.
- Add akcipher documentation.
- Add skcipher documentation.
Algorithms:
- Rename crypto/crc32 to avoid name clash with lib/crc32.
- Fix bug in keywrap where we zero the wrong pointer.
Drivers:
- Support T5/M5, T7/M7 SPARC CPUs in n2 hwrng driver.
- Add PIC32 hwrng driver.
- Support BCM6368 in bcm63xx hwrng driver.
- Pack structs for 32-bit compat users in qat.
- Use crypto engine in omap-aes.
- Add support for sama5d2x SoCs in atmel-sha.
- Make atmel-sha available again.
- Make sahara hashing available again.
- Make ccp hashing available again.
- Make sha1-mb available again.
- Add support for multiple devices in ccp.
- Improve DMA performance in caam.
- Add hashing support to rockchip"
* 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6: (116 commits)
crypto: qat - remove redundant arbiter configuration
crypto: ux500 - fix checks of error code returned by devm_ioremap_resource()
crypto: atmel - fix checks of error code returned by devm_ioremap_resource()
crypto: qat - Change the definition of icp_qat_uof_regtype
hwrng: exynos - use __maybe_unused to hide pm functions
crypto: ccp - Add abstraction for device-specific calls
crypto: ccp - CCP versioning support
crypto: ccp - Support for multiple CCPs
crypto: ccp - Remove check for x86 family and model
crypto: ccp - memset request context to zero during import
lib/mpi: use "static inline" instead of "extern inline"
lib/mpi: avoid assembler warning
hwrng: bcm63xx - fix non device tree compatibility
crypto: testmgr - allow rfc3686 aes-ctr variants in fips mode.
crypto: qat - The AE id should be less than the maximal AE number
lib/mpi: Endianness fix
crypto: rockchip - add hash support for crypto engine in rk3288
crypto: xts - fix compile errors
crypto: doc - add skcipher API documentation
crypto: doc - update AEAD AD handling
...
Locking ppp_mutex must be done before dereferencing file->private_data,
otherwise it could be modified before ppp_unattached_ioctl() takes the
lock. This could lead ppp_unattached_ioctl() to override ->private_data,
thus leaking reference to the ppp_file previously pointed to.
v2: lock all ppp_ioctl() instead of just checking private_data in
ppp_unattached_ioctl(), to avoid ambiguous behaviour.
Fixes: f3ff8a4d80 ("ppp: push BKL down into the driver")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Several cases of overlapping changes, as well as one instance
(vxlan) of a bug fix in 'net' overlapping with code movement
in 'net-next'.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add missing rtnl_unlock() in the error path of ppp_create_interface().
Fixes: 58a89ecaca ("ppp: fix lockdep splat in ppp_dev_uninit()")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
ppp_read() and ppp_poll() can be called concurrently with ppp_ioctl().
In this case, ppp_ioctl() might call ppp_ccp_closed(), which may update
ppp->flags while ppp_read() or ppp_poll() is reading it.
The update done by ppp_ccp_closed() isn't atomic due to the bit mask
operation ('ppp->flags &= ~(SC_CCP_OPEN | SC_CCP_UP)'), so concurrent
readers might get transient values.
Reading incorrect ppp->flags may disturb the 'ppp->flags & SC_LOOP_TRAFFIC'
test in ppp_read() and ppp_poll(), which in turn can lead to improper
decision on whether the PPP unit file is ready for reading or not.
Since ppp_ccp_closed() is protected by the Rx and Tx locks (with
ppp_lock()), taking the Rx lock is enough for ppp_read() and ppp_poll()
to guarantee that ppp_ccp_closed() won't update ppp->flags
concurrently.
The same reasoning applies to ppp->n_channels. The 'n_channels' field
can also be written to concurrently by ppp_ioctl() (through
ppp_connect_channel() or ppp_disconnect_channel()). These writes aren't
atomic (simple increment/decrement), but are protected by both the Rx
and Tx locks (like in the ppp->flags case). So holding the Rx lock
before reading ppp->n_channels also prevents concurrent writes.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* Split big conditional statement.
* Check (data.length <= CCP_MAX_OPTION_LENGTH) only once.
* Don't read ccp_option[1] if not initialised.
Reading uninitialised ccp_option[1] was harmless, because this could
only happen when data.length was 0 or 1. So even then, we couldn't pass
the (ccp_option[1] < 2 || ccp_option[1] > data.length) test anyway.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Drop reference on the relay_po socket when __pppoe_xmit() succeeds.
This is already handled correctly in the error path.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch replaces uses of blkcipher with skcipher, and the long
obsolete hash interface with ahash. This is a bug-for-bug conversion
and no attempt has been made to fix bugs such as the ignored return
values of the crypto operations.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Several times already this has been reported as kasan reports caused by
syzkaller and trinity and people always looked at RCU races, but it is
much more simple. :)
In case we bind a pptp socket multiple times, we simply add it to
the callid_sock list but don't remove the old binding. Thus the old
socket stays in the bucket with unused call_id indexes and doesn't get
cleaned up. This causes various forms of kasan reports which were hard
to pinpoint.
Simply don't allow multiple binds and correct error handling in
pptp_bind. Also keep sk_state bits in place in pptp_connect.
Fixes: 00959ade36 ("PPTP: PPP over IPv4 (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)")
Cc: Dmitry Kozlov <xeb@mail.ru>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Conflicts:
drivers/net/geneve.c
Here we had an overlapping change, where in 'net' the extraneous stats
bump was being removed whilst in 'net-next' the final argument to
udp_tunnel6_xmit_skb() was being changed.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Let user space be aware of the naming scheme used by ppp interfaces
(visible in /sys/class/net/<iface>/name_assign_type).
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Let PPP devices be identified as such in /sys/class/net/<iface>/uevent.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* Register PF_PPPOX with pppox module rather than with pppoe,
so that pppoe doesn't get loaded for any PF_PPPOX socket.
* Register PX_PROTO_* with standard MODULE_ALIAS_NET_PF_PROTO()
instead of using pppox's own naming scheme.
* While there, add auto-loading feature for pptp.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Since 287f3a943f ("pppoe: Use workqueue to die properly when a PADT
is received"), pppoe_disc_rcv() disconnects the socket by scheduling
pppoe_unbind_sock_work(). This is enough to stop socket transmission
and makes the PPPOX_ZOMBIE state uncessary.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Minor overlapping changes in net/ipv4/ipmr.c, in 'net' we were
fixing the "BH-ness" of the counter bumps whilst in 'net-next'
the functions were modified to take an explicit 'net' parameter.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently slhc_init() treats out-of-range values of rslots and tslots
as equivalent to 0, except that if tslots is too large it will
dereference a null pointer (CVE-2015-7799).
Add a range-check at the top of the function and make it return an
ERR_PTR() on error instead of NULL. Change the callers accordingly.
Compile-tested only.
Reported-by: 郭永刚 <guoyonggang@360.cn>
References: http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.security.oss.general/17908
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Conflicts:
net/ipv6/xfrm6_output.c
net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c
net/openvswitch/vport-gre.c
net/openvswitch/vport-vxlan.c
net/openvswitch/vport.c
net/openvswitch/vport.h
The openvswitch conflicts were overlapping changes. One was
the egress tunnel info fix in 'net' and the other was the
vport ->send() op simplification in 'net-next'.
The xfrm6_output.c conflicts was also a simplification
overlapping a bug fix.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We can't rely on PPPOX_ZOMBIE to decide whether to clear po->pppoe_dev.
PPPOX_ZOMBIE can be set by pppoe_disc_rcv() even when po->pppoe_dev is
NULL. So we have no guarantee that (sk->sk_state & PPPOX_ZOMBIE) implies
(po->pppoe_dev != NULL).
Since we're releasing a PPPoE socket, we want to release the pppoe_dev
if it exists and reset sk_state to PPPOX_DEAD, no matter the previous
value of sk_state. So we can just check for po->pppoe_dev and avoid any
assumption on sk->sk_state.
Fixes: 2b018d57ff ("pppoe: drop PPPOX_ZOMBIEs in pppoe_release")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Conflicts:
drivers/net/usb/asix_common.c
net/ipv4/inet_connection_sock.c
net/switchdev/switchdev.c
In the inet_connection_sock.c case the request socket hashing scheme
is completely different in net-next.
The other two conflicts were overlapping changes.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Compute net and store it in a variable in pptp_xmit, so that the value
can be reused the next time it is needed.
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
It is confusing and silly hiding a parameter so modify all of
the callers to pass in the appropriate socket or skb->sk if
no socket is known.
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Let packets move from one netns to the other at PPP encapsulation and
decapsulation time.
PPP units and channels remain in the netns in which they were
originally created. Only the net_device may move to a different
namespace. Cross netns handling is thus transparent to lower PPP
layers (PPPoE, L2TP, etc.).
PPP devices are automatically unregistered when their netns gets
removed. So read() and poll() on the unit file descriptor will
respectively receive EOF and POLLHUP. Channels aren't affected.
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
PPP devices may get automatically unregistered when their network
namespace is getting removed. This happens if the ppp control plane
daemon (e.g. pppd) exits while it is the last user of this namespace.
This leads to several races:
* ppp_exit_net() may destroy the per namespace idr (pn->units_idr)
before all file descriptors were released. Successive ppp_release()
calls may then cleanup PPP devices with ppp_shutdown_interface() and
try to use the already destroyed idr.
* Automatic device unregistration may also happen before the
ppp_release() call for that device gets executed. Once called on
the file owning the device, ppp_release() will then clean it up and
try to unregister it a second time.
To fix these issues, operations defined in ppp_shutdown_interface() are
moved to the PPP device's ndo_uninit() callback. This allows PPP
devices to be properly cleaned up by unregister_netdev() and friends.
So checking for ppp->owner is now an accurate test to decide if a PPP
device should be unregistered.
Setting ppp->owner is done in ppp_create_interface(), before device
registration, in order to avoid unprotected modification of this field.
Finally, ppp_exit_net() now starts by unregistering all remaining PPP
devices to ensure that none will get unregistered after the call to
idr_destroy().
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
While testing my netfilter changes I noticed several files where
recompiling unncessarily because they unncessarily included
netfilter.h.
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Four minor merge conflicts:
1) qca_spi.c renamed the local variable used for the SPI device
from spi_device to spi, meanwhile the spi_set_drvdata() call
got moved further up in the probe function.
2) Two changes were both adding new members to codel params
structure, and thus we had overlapping changes to the
initializer function.
3) 'net' was making a fix to sk_release_kernel() which is
completely removed in 'net-next'.
4) In net_namespace.c, the rtnl_net_fill() call for GET operations
had the command value fixed, meanwhile 'net-next' adjusted the
argument signature a bit.
This also matches example merge resolutions posted by Stephen
Rothwell over the past two days.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
After receiving a PADT and the socket is closed, user space will no
longer drop the reference to the pppoe device.
This leads to errors like this:
[ 488.570000] unregister_netdevice: waiting for eth0.2 to become free. Usage count = 2
Fixes: 287f3a943f ("pppoe: Use workqueue to die properly when a PADT is received")
Signed-off-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
In preparation for changing how struct net is refcounted
on kernel sockets pass the knowledge that we are creating
a kernel socket from sock_create_kern through to sk_alloc.
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When PPP is used over a link which does not guarantee packet ordering,
we might get late MPPE packets. This is a problem because MPPE must be
kept synchronized and the current implementation does not drop them and
rekey 4095 times instead of 0, which is wrong.
In order to prevent rekeying about a whole count space times (~ 4095
times), drop packets which are not within the forward 4096/2 window and
increase sanity error counter.
Signed-off-by: Sylvain Rochet <sylvain.rochet@finsecur.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We are going to need sanity error path a little further, rework to be
able to use the sanity error path anywhere in decompressor.
Signed-off-by: Sylvain Rochet <sylvain.rochet@finsecur.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Call checksum_complete_unset in PPP receive to discard checksum-complete
value. PPP does not pull checksum for headers and also modifies packet
as in VJ compression.
Signed-off-by: Tom Herbert <tom@herbertland.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
A pppoe session is identified by its session ID and MAC address.
Currently pppoe does not check if the received pkg has the correct
MAC address. This is a problem when the eth I/F is in promisc mode
as then any DST MAC address is accepted.
Signed-off-by: Joakim Tjernlund <joakim.tjernlund@transmode.se>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
As namespaces are sometimes used with overlapping ip address ranges,
we should also use the namespace as input to the hash to select the ip
fragmentation counter bucket.
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Flavio Leitner <fbl@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
After TIPC doesn't depend on iocb argument in its internal
implementations of sendmsg() and recvmsg() hooks defined in proto
structure, no any user is using iocb argument in them at all now.
Then we can drop the redundant iocb argument completely from kinds of
implementations of both sendmsg() and recvmsg() in the entire
networking stack.
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Suggested-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ying Xue <ying.xue@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When a PADT frame is received, the socket may not be in a good state to
close down the PPP interface. The current implementation handles this by
simply blocking all further PPP traffic, and hoping that the lack of traffic
will trigger the user to investigate.
Use schedule_work to get to a process context from which we clear down the
PPP interface, in a fashion analogous to hangup on a TTY-based PPP
interface. This causes pppd to disconnect immediately, and allows tools to
take immediate corrective action.
Note that pppd's rp_pppoe.so plugin has code in it to disable the session
when it disconnects; however, as a consequence of this patch, the session is
already disabled before rp_pppoe.so is asked to disable the session. The
result is a harmless error message:
Failed to disconnect PPPoE socket: 114 Operation already in progress
This message is safe to ignore, as long as the error is 114 Operation
already in progress; in that specific case, it means that the PPPoE session
has already been disabled before pppd tried to disable it.
Signed-off-by: Simon Farnsworth <simon@farnz.org.uk>
Tested-by: Dan Williams <dcbw@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Christoph Schulz <develop@kristov.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When we've run out of space in the output buffer to store more data, we
will call zlib_deflate with a NULL output buffer until we've consumed
remaining input.
When this happens, olen contains the size the output buffer would have
consumed iff we'd have had enough room.
This can later cause skb_over_panic when ppp_generic skb_put()s
the returned length.
Reported-by: Iain Douglas <centos@1n6.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Conflicts:
drivers/net/ieee802154/fakehard.c
A bug fix went into 'net' for ieee802154/fakehard.c, which is removed
in 'net-next'.
Add build fix into the merge from Stephen Rothwell in openvswitch, the
logging macros take a new initial 'log' argument, a new call was added
in 'net' so when we merge that in here we have to explicitly add the
new 'log' arg to it else the build fails.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
pptp_getname() only partially initializes the stack variable sa,
particularly only fills the pptp part of the sa_addr union. The code
thereby discloses 16 bytes of kernel stack memory via getsockname().
Fix this by memset(0)'ing the union before.
Cc: Dmitry Kozlov <xeb@mail.ru>
Signed-off-by: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Conflicts:
drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/cxgb4vf/sge.c
drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ixgbe/ixgbe_phy.c
sge.c was overlapping two changes, one to use the new
__dev_alloc_page() in net-next, and one to use s->fl_pg_order in net.
ixgbe_phy.c was a set of overlapping whitespace changes.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Guillaume Nault