mirror of https://gitee.com/openkylin/linux.git
306 lines
13 KiB
ReStructuredText
306 lines
13 KiB
ReStructuredText
Embargoed hardware issues
|
|
=========================
|
|
|
|
Scope
|
|
-----
|
|
|
|
Hardware issues which result in security problems are a different category
|
|
of security bugs than pure software bugs which only affect the Linux
|
|
kernel.
|
|
|
|
Hardware issues like Meltdown, Spectre, L1TF etc. must be treated
|
|
differently because they usually affect all Operating Systems ("OS") and
|
|
therefore need coordination across different OS vendors, distributions,
|
|
hardware vendors and other parties. For some of the issues, software
|
|
mitigations can depend on microcode or firmware updates, which need further
|
|
coordination.
|
|
|
|
.. _Contact:
|
|
|
|
Contact
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
The Linux kernel hardware security team is separate from the regular Linux
|
|
kernel security team.
|
|
|
|
The team only handles the coordination of embargoed hardware security
|
|
issues. Reports of pure software security bugs in the Linux kernel are not
|
|
handled by this team and the reporter will be guided to contact the regular
|
|
Linux kernel security team (:ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/
|
|
<securitybugs>`) instead.
|
|
|
|
The team can be contacted by email at <hardware-security@kernel.org>. This
|
|
is a private list of security officers who will help you to coordinate an
|
|
issue according to our documented process.
|
|
|
|
The list is encrypted and email to the list can be sent by either PGP or
|
|
S/MIME encrypted and must be signed with the reporter's PGP key or S/MIME
|
|
certificate. The list's PGP key and S/MIME certificate are available from
|
|
https://www.kernel.org/....
|
|
|
|
While hardware security issues are often handled by the affected hardware
|
|
vendor, we welcome contact from researchers or individuals who have
|
|
identified a potential hardware flaw.
|
|
|
|
Hardware security officers
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The current team of hardware security officers:
|
|
|
|
- Linus Torvalds (Linux Foundation Fellow)
|
|
- Greg Kroah-Hartman (Linux Foundation Fellow)
|
|
- Thomas Gleixner (Linux Foundation Fellow)
|
|
|
|
Operation of mailing-lists
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The encrypted mailing-lists which are used in our process are hosted on
|
|
Linux Foundation's IT infrastructure. By providing this service Linux
|
|
Foundation's director of IT Infrastructure security technically has the
|
|
ability to access the embargoed information, but is obliged to
|
|
confidentiality by his employment contract. Linux Foundation's director of
|
|
IT Infrastructure security is also responsible for the kernel.org
|
|
infrastructure.
|
|
|
|
The Linux Foundation's current director of IT Infrastructure security is
|
|
Konstantin Ryabitsev.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-disclosure agreements
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
The Linux kernel hardware security team is not a formal body and therefore
|
|
unable to enter into any non-disclosure agreements. The kernel community
|
|
is aware of the sensitive nature of such issues and offers a Memorandum of
|
|
Understanding instead.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Memorandum of Understanding
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
The Linux kernel community has a deep understanding of the requirement to
|
|
keep hardware security issues under embargo for coordination between
|
|
different OS vendors, distributors, hardware vendors and other parties.
|
|
|
|
The Linux kernel community has successfully handled hardware security
|
|
issues in the past and has the necessary mechanisms in place to allow
|
|
community compliant development under embargo restrictions.
|
|
|
|
The Linux kernel community has a dedicated hardware security team for
|
|
initial contact, which oversees the process of handling such issues under
|
|
embargo rules.
|
|
|
|
The hardware security team identifies the developers (domain experts) who
|
|
will form the initial response team for a particular issue. The initial
|
|
response team can bring in further developers (domain experts) to address
|
|
the issue in the best technical way.
|
|
|
|
All involved developers pledge to adhere to the embargo rules and to keep
|
|
the received information confidential. Violation of the pledge will lead to
|
|
immediate exclusion from the current issue and removal from all related
|
|
mailing-lists. In addition, the hardware security team will also exclude
|
|
the offender from future issues. The impact of this consequence is a highly
|
|
effective deterrent in our community. In case a violation happens the
|
|
hardware security team will inform the involved parties immediately. If you
|
|
or anyone becomes aware of a potential violation, please report it
|
|
immediately to the Hardware security officers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Process
|
|
^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
Due to the globally distributed nature of Linux kernel development,
|
|
face-to-face meetings are almost impossible to address hardware security
|
|
issues. Phone conferences are hard to coordinate due to time zones and
|
|
other factors and should be only used when absolutely necessary. Encrypted
|
|
email has been proven to be the most effective and secure communication
|
|
method for these types of issues.
|
|
|
|
Start of Disclosure
|
|
"""""""""""""""""""
|
|
|
|
Disclosure starts by contacting the Linux kernel hardware security team by
|
|
email. This initial contact should contain a description of the problem and
|
|
a list of any known affected hardware. If your organization builds or
|
|
distributes the affected hardware, we encourage you to also consider what
|
|
other hardware could be affected.
|
|
|
|
The hardware security team will provide an incident-specific encrypted
|
|
mailing-list which will be used for initial discussion with the reporter,
|
|
further disclosure and coordination.
|
|
|
|
The hardware security team will provide the disclosing party a list of
|
|
developers (domain experts) who should be informed initially about the
|
|
issue after confirming with the developers that they will adhere to this
|
|
Memorandum of Understanding and the documented process. These developers
|
|
form the initial response team and will be responsible for handling the
|
|
issue after initial contact. The hardware security team is supporting the
|
|
response team, but is not necessarily involved in the mitigation
|
|
development process.
|
|
|
|
While individual developers might be covered by a non-disclosure agreement
|
|
via their employer, they cannot enter individual non-disclosure agreements
|
|
in their role as Linux kernel developers. They will, however, agree to
|
|
adhere to this documented process and the Memorandum of Understanding.
|
|
|
|
The disclosing party should provide a list of contacts for all other
|
|
entities who have already been, or should be, informed about the issue.
|
|
This serves several purposes:
|
|
|
|
- The list of disclosed entities allows communication accross the
|
|
industry, e.g. other OS vendors, HW vendors, etc.
|
|
|
|
- The disclosed entities can be contacted to name experts who should
|
|
participate in the mitigation development.
|
|
|
|
- If an expert which is required to handle an issue is employed by an
|
|
listed entity or member of an listed entity, then the response teams can
|
|
request the disclosure of that expert from that entity. This ensures
|
|
that the expert is also part of the entity's response team.
|
|
|
|
Disclosure
|
|
""""""""""
|
|
|
|
The disclosing party provides detailed information to the initial response
|
|
team via the specific encrypted mailing-list.
|
|
|
|
From our experience the technical documentation of these issues is usually
|
|
a sufficient starting point and further technical clarification is best
|
|
done via email.
|
|
|
|
Mitigation development
|
|
""""""""""""""""""""""
|
|
|
|
The initial response team sets up an encrypted mailing-list or repurposes
|
|
an existing one if appropriate.
|
|
|
|
Using a mailing-list is close to the normal Linux development process and
|
|
has been successfully used in developing mitigations for various hardware
|
|
security issues in the past.
|
|
|
|
The mailing-list operates in the same way as normal Linux development.
|
|
Patches are posted, discussed and reviewed and if agreed on applied to a
|
|
non-public git repository which is only accessible to the participating
|
|
developers via a secure connection. The repository contains the main
|
|
development branch against the mainline kernel and backport branches for
|
|
stable kernel versions as necessary.
|
|
|
|
The initial response team will identify further experts from the Linux
|
|
kernel developer community as needed. Bringing in experts can happen at any
|
|
time of the development process and needs to be handled in a timely manner.
|
|
|
|
If an expert is employed by or member of an entity on the disclosure list
|
|
provided by the disclosing party, then participation will be requested from
|
|
the relevant entity.
|
|
|
|
If not, then the disclosing party will be informed about the experts
|
|
participation. The experts are covered by the Memorandum of Understanding
|
|
and the disclosing party is requested to acknowledge the participation. In
|
|
case that the disclosing party has a compelling reason to object, then this
|
|
objection has to be raised within five work days and resolved with the
|
|
incident team immediately. If the disclosing party does not react within
|
|
five work days this is taken as silent acknowledgement.
|
|
|
|
After acknowledgement or resolution of an objection the expert is disclosed
|
|
by the incident team and brought into the development process.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coordinated release
|
|
"""""""""""""""""""
|
|
|
|
The involved parties will negotiate the date and time where the embargo
|
|
ends. At that point the prepared mitigations are integrated into the
|
|
relevant kernel trees and published.
|
|
|
|
While we understand that hardware security issues need coordinated embargo
|
|
time, the embargo time should be constrained to the minimum time which is
|
|
required for all involved parties to develop, test and prepare the
|
|
mitigations. Extending embargo time artificially to meet conference talk
|
|
dates or other non-technical reasons is creating more work and burden for
|
|
the involved developers and response teams as the patches need to be kept
|
|
up to date in order to follow the ongoing upstream kernel development,
|
|
which might create conflicting changes.
|
|
|
|
CVE assignment
|
|
""""""""""""""
|
|
|
|
Neither the hardware security team nor the initial response team assign
|
|
CVEs, nor are CVEs required for the development process. If CVEs are
|
|
provided by the disclosing party they can be used for documentation
|
|
purposes.
|
|
|
|
Process ambassadors
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
For assistance with this process we have established ambassadors in various
|
|
organizations, who can answer questions about or provide guidance on the
|
|
reporting process and further handling. Ambassadors are not involved in the
|
|
disclosure of a particular issue, unless requested by a response team or by
|
|
an involved disclosed party. The current ambassadors list:
|
|
|
|
============= ========================================================
|
|
ARM
|
|
AMD
|
|
IBM
|
|
Intel Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
|
|
Qualcomm Trilok Soni <tsoni@codeaurora.org>
|
|
|
|
Microsoft Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
|
|
VMware
|
|
Xen Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com>
|
|
|
|
Canonical Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
|
|
Debian Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
|
|
Oracle Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
|
|
Red Hat Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
|
|
SUSE Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
|
|
|
|
Amazon
|
|
Google Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
|
|
============= ========================================================
|
|
|
|
If you want your organization to be added to the ambassadors list, please
|
|
contact the hardware security team. The nominated ambassador has to
|
|
understand and support our process fully and is ideally well connected in
|
|
the Linux kernel community.
|
|
|
|
Encrypted mailing-lists
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
We use encrypted mailing-lists for communication. The operating principle
|
|
of these lists is that email sent to the list is encrypted either with the
|
|
list's PGP key or with the list's S/MIME certificate. The mailing-list
|
|
software decrypts the email and re-encrypts it individually for each
|
|
subscriber with the subscriber's PGP key or S/MIME certificate. Details
|
|
about the mailing-list software and the setup which is used to ensure the
|
|
security of the lists and protection of the data can be found here:
|
|
https://www.kernel.org/....
|
|
|
|
List keys
|
|
^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
For initial contact see :ref:`Contact`. For incident specific mailing-lists
|
|
the key and S/MIME certificate are conveyed to the subscribers by email
|
|
sent from the specific list.
|
|
|
|
Subscription to incident specific lists
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
Subscription is handled by the response teams. Disclosed parties who want
|
|
to participate in the communication send a list of potential subscribers to
|
|
the response team so the response team can validate subscription requests.
|
|
|
|
Each subscriber needs to send a subscription request to the response team
|
|
by email. The email must be signed with the subscriber's PGP key or S/MIME
|
|
certificate. If a PGP key is used, it must be available from a public key
|
|
server and is ideally connected to the Linux kernel's PGP web of trust. See
|
|
also: https://www.kernel.org/signature.html.
|
|
|
|
The response team verifies that the subscriber request is valid and adds
|
|
the subscriber to the list. After subscription the subscriber will receive
|
|
email from the mailing-list which is signed either with the list's PGP key
|
|
or the list's S/MIME certificate. The subscriber's email client can extract
|
|
the PGP key or the S/MIME certificate from the signature so the subscriber
|
|
can send encrypted email to the list.
|
|
|