diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index 614e71fdb..fff17ef64 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -296,6 +296,7 @@ bootstrap_go_package {
         "java/jdeps_test.go",
         "java/kotlin_test.go",
         "java/plugin_test.go",
+        "java/robolectric_test.go",
         "java/sdk_test.go",
     ],
     pluginFor: ["soong_build"],
diff --git a/java/robolectric.go b/java/robolectric.go
index 19c4b94cf..cbe3557bc 100644
--- a/java/robolectric.go
+++ b/java/robolectric.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package java
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"android/soong/android"
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@ type robolectricProperties struct {
 	Test_options struct {
 		// Timeout in seconds when running the tests.
 		Timeout *int64
+
+		// Number of shards to use when running the tests.
+		Shards *int64
 	}
 }
 
@@ -55,7 +59,8 @@ type robolectricTest struct {
 
 	robolectricProperties robolectricProperties
 
-	libs []string
+	libs  []string
+	tests []string
 
 	roboSrcJar android.Path
 }
@@ -102,6 +107,39 @@ func (r *robolectricTest) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext)
 	for _, dep := range ctx.GetDirectDepsWithTag(libTag) {
 		r.libs = append(r.libs, ctx.OtherModuleName(dep))
 	}
+
+	// TODO: this could all be removed if tradefed was used as the test runner, it will find everything
+	// annotated as a test and run it.
+	for _, src := range r.compiledJavaSrcs {
+		s := src.Rel()
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(s, "Test.java") {
+			continue
+		} else if strings.HasSuffix(s, "/BaseRobolectricTest.java") {
+			continue
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(s, "src/") {
+			s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "src/")
+		}
+		r.tests = append(r.tests, s)
+	}
+}
+
+func shardTests(paths []string, shards int) [][]string {
+	if shards > len(paths) {
+		shards = len(paths)
+	}
+	if shards == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ret := make([][]string, 0, shards)
+	shardSize := (len(paths) + shards - 1) / shards
+	for len(paths) > shardSize {
+		ret = append(ret, paths[0:shardSize])
+		paths = paths[shardSize:]
+	}
+	if len(paths) > 0 {
+		ret = append(ret, paths)
+	}
+	return ret
 }
 
 func generateRoboTestConfig(ctx android.ModuleContext, outputFile android.WritablePath, instrumentedApp *AndroidApp) {
@@ -145,25 +183,51 @@ func (r *robolectricTest) AndroidMk() android.AndroidMkData {
 	data.Custom = func(w io.Writer, name, prefix, moduleDir string, data android.AndroidMkData) {
 		android.WriteAndroidMkData(w, data)
 
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "")
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "include $(CLEAR_VARS)")
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE := Run"+name)
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES :=", name)
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES += ", strings.Join(r.libs, " "))
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_TEST_PACKAGE :=", String(r.robolectricProperties.Instrumentation_for))
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_INSTRUMENT_SRCJARS :=", r.roboSrcJar.String())
-		if t := r.robolectricProperties.Test_options.Timeout; t != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_ROBOTEST_TIMEOUT :=", *t)
+		if s := r.robolectricProperties.Test_options.Shards; s != nil && *s > 1 {
+			shards := shardTests(r.tests, int(*s))
+			for i, shard := range shards {
+				r.writeTestRunner(w, name, "Run"+name+strconv.Itoa(i), shard)
+			}
+
+			// TODO: add rules to dist the outputs of the individual tests, or combine them together?
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "")
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, ".PHONY:", "Run"+name)
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "Run"+name, ": \\")
+			for i := range shards {
+				fmt.Fprintln(w, "   ", "Run"+name+strconv.Itoa(i), "\\")
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "")
+		} else {
+			r.writeTestRunner(w, name, "Run"+name, r.tests)
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintln(w, "-include external/robolectric-shadows/run_robotests.mk")
 	}
 
 	return data
 }
 
+func (r *robolectricTest) writeTestRunner(w io.Writer, module, name string, tests []string) {
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "")
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "include $(CLEAR_VARS)")
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_MODULE :=", name)
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES :=", module)
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES += ", strings.Join(r.libs, " "))
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_TEST_PACKAGE :=", String(r.robolectricProperties.Instrumentation_for))
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_INSTRUMENT_SRCJARS :=", r.roboSrcJar.String())
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_ROBOTEST_FILES :=", strings.Join(tests, " "))
+	if t := r.robolectricProperties.Test_options.Timeout; t != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "LOCAL_ROBOTEST_TIMEOUT :=", *t)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "-include external/robolectric-shadows/run_robotests.mk")
+
+}
+
 // An android_robolectric_test module compiles tests against the Robolectric framework that can run on the local host
 // instead of on a device.  It also generates a rule with the name of the module prefixed with "Run" that can be
 // used to run the tests.  Running the tests with build rule will eventually be deprecated and replaced with atest.
+//
+// The test runner considers any file listed in srcs whose name ends with Test.java to be a test class, unless
+// it is named BaseRobolectricTest.java.  The path to the each source file must exactly match the package
+// name, or match the package name when the prefix "src/" is removed.
 func RobolectricTestFactory() android.Module {
 	module := &robolectricTest{}
 
diff --git a/java/robolectric_test.go b/java/robolectric_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e89c6e74c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/robolectric_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright 2019 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package java
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_shardTests(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		paths  []string
+		shards int
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		args args
+		want [][]string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty",
+			args: args{
+				paths:  nil,
+				shards: 1,
+			},
+			want: [][]string(nil),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "too many shards",
+			args: args{
+				paths:  []string{"a", "b"},
+				shards: 3,
+			},
+			want: [][]string{{"a"}, {"b"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single shard",
+			args: args{
+				paths:  []string{"a", "b"},
+				shards: 1,
+			},
+			want: [][]string{{"a", "b"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "shard per input",
+			args: args{
+				paths:  []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+				shards: 3,
+			},
+			want: [][]string{{"a"}, {"b"}, {"c"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "balanced shards",
+			args: args{
+				paths:  []string{"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+				shards: 2,
+			},
+			want: [][]string{{"a", "b"}, {"c", "d"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unbalanced shards",
+			args: args{
+				paths:  []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+				shards: 2,
+			},
+			want: [][]string{{"a", "b"}, {"c"}},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := shardTests(tt.args.paths, tt.args.shards); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("shardTests() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}