Merge \"Initial README.md\"

am: 7bdedbfb8c

Change-Id: Icdd4dee7c996c7d016e026c143e62d92dbc796f3

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# Soong
+
+Soong is the replacement for the old Android make-based build system.  It
+replaces Android.mk files with Android.bp files, which are JSON-like simple
+declarative descriptions of modules to build.
+
+## Android.bp file format
+
+By design, Android.bp files are very simple.  There are no conditionals or
+control flow statements - any complexity is handled in build logic written in
+Go.
+
+### Modules
+
+A module in an Android.bp file starts with a module type, followed by a set of
+properties in `name: value,` format:
+
+```
+cc_binary {
+    name: "gzip",
+    srcs: ["src/test/minigzip.c"],
+    shared_libs: ["libz"],
+    stl: "none",
+}
+```
+
+Every module must have a `name` property, and the value must be unique across
+all Android.bp files.
+
+For a list of valid module types and their properties see
+[$OUT_DIR/soong/.bootstrap/docs/soong_build.html](https://android-build.googleplex.com/builds/latest/branches/aosp-build-tools/targets/linux/soong_build.html).
+
+### Variables
+
+An Android.bp file may contain top-level variable assignments:
+```
+gzip_srcs = ["src/test/minigzip.c"],
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "gzip",
+    srcs: gzip_srcs,
+    shared_libs: ["libz"],
+    stl: "none",
+}
+```
+
+Variables are scoped to the remainder of the file they are declared in, as well
+as any child blueprint files.  Variables are immutable with one exception - they
+can be appended to with a += assignment, but only before they have been
+referenced.
+
+### Comments
+Android.bp files can contain C-style multiline `/* */` and C++ style single-line
+`//` comments.
+
+### Types
+
+Variables and properties are strongly typed, variables dynamically based on the
+first assignment, and properties statically by the module type.  The supported
+types are:
+* Bool (`true` or `false`)
+* Strings (`"string"`)
+* Lists of strings (`["string1", "string2"]`)
+* Maps (`{key1: "value1", key2: ["value2"]}`)
+
+Maps may values of any type, including nested maps.  Lists and maps may have
+trailing commas after the last value.
+
+### Operators
+
+Strings, lists of strings, and maps can be appended using the `+` operator.
+Appending a map produces the union of keys in both maps, appending the values
+of any keys that are present in both maps.
+
+### Defaults modules
+
+A defaults module can be used to repeat the same properties in multiple modules.
+For example:
+
+```
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "gzip_defaults",
+    shared_libs: ["libz"],
+    stl: "none",
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "gzip",
+    defaults: ["gzip_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["src/test/minigzip.c"],
+}
+```
+
+### Formatter
+
+Soong includes a canonical formatter for blueprint files, similar to
+[gofmt](https://golang.org/cmd/gofmt/).  To recursively reformat all Android.bp files
+in the current directory:
+```
+bpfmt -w .
+```
+
+The canonical format includes 4 space indents, newlines after every element of a
+multi-element list, and always includes a trailing comma in lists and maps.
+
+### Convert Android.mk files
+
+Soong includes a tool perform a first pass at converting Android.mk files
+to Android.bp files:
+
+```
+androidmk Android.mk > Android.bp
+```
+
+The tool converts variables, modules, comments, and some conditionals, but any
+custom Makefile rules or complex conditionals must be converted by hand.
+
+## Build logic
+
+The build logic is written in Go using the
+[blueprint](http://godoc.org/github.com/google/blueprint) framework.  Build
+logic receives module definitions parsed into Go structures using reflection
+and produces build rules.  The build rules are collected by blueprint and
+written to a [ninja](http://ninja-build.org) build file.
+
+## FAQ
+
+### How do I write conditionals?
+
+Soong deliberately does not support conditionals in Android.bp files.
+Instead, complexity in build rules that would require conditionals are handled
+in Go, where high level language features can be used and implicit dependencies
+introduced by conditionals can be tracked.  Most conditionals are converted
+to a map property, where one of the values in the map will be selected and
+appended to the top level properties.
+
+For example, to support architecture specific files:
+```
+cc_library {
+    ...
+    srcs: ["generic.cpp"],
+    arch: {
+        arm: {
+            srcs: ["arm.cpp"],
+        },
+        x86: {
+            srcs: ["x86.cpp"],
+        },
+    },
+}
+```
+
+## Contact
+
+Email android-building@googlegroups.com (external) for any questions, or see
+[go/soong](http://go/soong) (internal).