From 1171a28bacee936be4da7c83de429e0258e647c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2016 10:38:43 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 01/12] Documentation/sphinx: let the user specify PDFLATEX and LATEXOPTS Refer to xelatex and latex options via variables. This allows the user to override the pdflatex and latex options to use on the make command line for experimenting. As a side effect, this makes the makefile a bit tidier. Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/Makefile.sphinx | 9 ++++++--- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx index 92deea30b183..1314e3ee31c4 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx +++ b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ _SPHINXDIRS = $(patsubst $(srctree)/Documentation/%/conf.py,%,$(wildcard $(src SPHINX_CONF = conf.py PAPER = BUILDDIR = $(obj)/output +PDFLATEX = xelatex +LATEXOPTS = -interaction=nonstopmode # User-friendly check for sphinx-build HAVE_SPHINX := $(shell if which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi) @@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ else ifneq ($(DOCBOOKS),) else # HAVE_SPHINX # User-friendly check for pdflatex -HAVE_PDFLATEX := $(shell if which xelatex >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi) +HAVE_PDFLATEX := $(shell if which $(PDFLATEX) >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi) # Internal variables. PAPEROPT_a4 = -D latex_paper_size=a4 @@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ htmldocs: latexdocs: ifeq ($(HAVE_PDFLATEX),0) - $(warning The 'xelatex' command was not found. Make sure you have it installed and in PATH to produce PDF output.) + $(warning The '$(PDFLATEX)' command was not found. Make sure you have it installed and in PATH to produce PDF output.) @echo " SKIP Sphinx $@ target." else # HAVE_PDFLATEX @$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,latex,$(var),latex,$(var))) @@ -76,7 +78,8 @@ endif # HAVE_PDFLATEX pdfdocs: latexdocs ifneq ($(HAVE_PDFLATEX),0) - $(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS), $(MAKE) PDFLATEX=xelatex LATEXOPTS="-interaction=nonstopmode" -C $(BUILDDIR)/$(var)/latex) + $(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS), $(MAKE) PDFLATEX=$(PDFLATEX) LATEXOPTS="$(LATEXOPTS)" -C $(BUILDDIR)/$(var)/latex) + endif # HAVE_PDFLATEX epubdocs: From 207fc55bc32f6baf0f4793afb5e79267d528e1ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2016 11:13:19 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 02/12] Documentation/sphinx: make it possible to build latexdocs without pdflatex Building latexdocs doesn't actually require $(PDFLATEX). Move the checks for it to the pdfdocs target which does require it, and specifically outside of the target in order to not depend on latexdocs when we can't build pdfdocs anyway. Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Tested-by: Markus Heiser Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/Makefile.sphinx | 8 +++++--- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx index 1314e3ee31c4..4819638f7e21 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx +++ b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx @@ -69,15 +69,17 @@ htmldocs: @$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,html,$(var),,$(var))) latexdocs: + @$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,latex,$(var),latex,$(var))) + ifeq ($(HAVE_PDFLATEX),0) + +pdfdocs: $(warning The '$(PDFLATEX)' command was not found. Make sure you have it installed and in PATH to produce PDF output.) @echo " SKIP Sphinx $@ target." + else # HAVE_PDFLATEX - @$(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS),$(call loop_cmd,sphinx,latex,$(var),latex,$(var))) -endif # HAVE_PDFLATEX pdfdocs: latexdocs -ifneq ($(HAVE_PDFLATEX),0) $(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS), $(MAKE) PDFLATEX=$(PDFLATEX) LATEXOPTS="$(LATEXOPTS)" -C $(BUILDDIR)/$(var)/latex) endif # HAVE_PDFLATEX From c8556966720f9b54104b55f648a7bbc6f01d7b43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2016 10:56:31 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 03/12] Documentation/sphinx: remove superfluous trailing ; from quiet_cmd_sphinx With the unnecessary ; removed, the terminal URL detection also works better. Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/Makefile.sphinx | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx index 4819638f7e21..4d3ff4b7a2a5 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx +++ b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ loop_cmd = $(echo-cmd) $(cmd_$(1)) # $5 reST source folder relative to $(srctree)/$(src), # e.g. "media" for the linux-tv book-set at ./Documentation/media -quiet_cmd_sphinx = SPHINX $@ --> file://$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)/$3/$4); +quiet_cmd_sphinx = SPHINX $@ --> file://$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)/$3/$4) cmd_sphinx = $(MAKE) BUILDDIR=$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)) $(build)=Documentation/media all;\ BUILDDIR=$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)) SPHINX_CONF=$(abspath $(srctree)/$(src)/$5/$(SPHINX_CONF)) \ $(SPHINXBUILD) \ From eaed1b25a783121ecd4fb4eccebe45b08675b915 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2016 13:20:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 04/12] Documentation/sphinx: change pdflatex interaction mode to batchmode Radically reduce the noise on stdout. The full build logs will still be available under Documentatio/output/latex/*.log. Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Tested-by: Markus Heiser Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/Makefile.sphinx | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx index 4d3ff4b7a2a5..d58d776d8d00 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx +++ b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SPHINX_CONF = conf.py PAPER = BUILDDIR = $(obj)/output PDFLATEX = xelatex -LATEXOPTS = -interaction=nonstopmode +LATEXOPTS = -interaction=batchmode # User-friendly check for sphinx-build HAVE_SPHINX := $(shell if which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi) From 0af205ea6c35ad540d638351ce37457e3ee2bac8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Markus Heiser Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2016 16:37:11 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 05/12] Documentation/sphinx: fix make SPHINXDIRS="dirs" pdfdocs for more than one dir Add missing semicolon to fix pdf build with more than one SPHINXDIRS directory specified. For example make SPHINXDIRS="gpu media" pdfdocs. Fixes: cd21379b1698 ("doc-rst: generic way to build PDF of sub-folders") Signed-off-by: Markus Heiser Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/Makefile.sphinx | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx index d58d776d8d00..ec0c77d028db 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx +++ b/Documentation/Makefile.sphinx @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ pdfdocs: else # HAVE_PDFLATEX pdfdocs: latexdocs - $(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS), $(MAKE) PDFLATEX=$(PDFLATEX) LATEXOPTS="$(LATEXOPTS)" -C $(BUILDDIR)/$(var)/latex) + $(foreach var,$(SPHINXDIRS), $(MAKE) PDFLATEX=$(PDFLATEX) LATEXOPTS="$(LATEXOPTS)" -C $(BUILDDIR)/$(var)/latex;) endif # HAVE_PDFLATEX From 8d26d90ba3e1cfb75c4af2882045ca2c8120fbab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2016 13:05:59 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 06/12] Documentation/sphinx: include admin-guide in the latex/pdf build Fix the warning: WARNING: "latex_documents" config value references unknown document user/index Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/conf.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Documentation/conf.py b/Documentation/conf.py index d9bad21dd427..7830051b6837 100644 --- a/Documentation/conf.py +++ b/Documentation/conf.py @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ latex_elements = { # (source start file, target name, title, # author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]). latex_documents = [ - ('user/index', 'linux-user.tex', 'Linux Kernel User Documentation', + ('admin-guide/index', 'linux-user.tex', 'Linux Kernel User Documentation', 'The kernel development community', 'manual'), ('kernel-documentation', 'kernel-documentation.tex', 'The Linux Kernel Documentation', 'The kernel development community', 'manual'), From b459106ea4b7f317faa24b47e9a6b20c2f254d2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Thu, 3 Nov 2016 10:26:54 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 07/12] Documentation/sphinx: set literal block highlight language to none Set the default highlight language to "none", i.e. do not try to guess the language and do automatic syntax highlighting on literal blocks. Eyeballing around the generated documentation, we don't seem to actually have a lot of literal blocks that would benefit from syntax highlighting. The C code blocks we do have are typically very short, and most of the literal blocks are things that shouldn't be highlighted (or, do not have a pygments lexer). This seems to be true for literal blocks both in the rst source files and in source code comments. Not highlighting code is never wrong, but guessing the language wrong almost invariably leads to silly or confusing highlighting. At the time of writing, admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst and admin-guide/ramoops.rst contain good examples of 1) a small C code snippet not highlighted, 2) a hex dump highligted as who knows what, 3) device tree block highlighted as C or maybe Python, 4) a terminal interaction highlighted as code in some language, and finally, 5) some C code snippets correctly identified as C. I think we're better off disabling language guessing, and going by explicitly identified languages for longer code blocks. It is still possible to enable highlighting on an rst source file basis using the highlight directive: .. higlight:: language and on a literal block basis using the code-block directive: .. code-block:: language See http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/latest/markup/code.html for details. Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Cc: Markus Heiser Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/conf.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Documentation/conf.py b/Documentation/conf.py index 7830051b6837..bcb1af786e78 100644 --- a/Documentation/conf.py +++ b/Documentation/conf.py @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ pygments_style = 'sphinx' todo_include_todos = False primary_domain = 'C' -highlight_language = 'guess' +highlight_language = 'none' # -- Options for HTML output ---------------------------------------------- From 07a37ba5835315f40431900dd1a8e80af4682294 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Thu, 3 Nov 2016 11:43:29 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 08/12] Documentation/admin-guide: use code-block with proper language Now that we don't have automatic syntax highlighting, use the code-block directive with the explicitly selected language, where appropriate. Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst | 52 +++++++++++++++------------ Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst | 4 ++- Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst | 4 ++- 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst index a0de7c1a1ed9..8744e272e6f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst @@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ other program after you have done the following: Both the javawrapper shellscript and the javaclassname program were supplied by Colin J. Watson . -Javawrapper shell script:: +Javawrapper shell script: + +.. code-block:: sh #!/bin/bash # /usr/local/bin/javawrapper - the wrapper for binfmt_misc/java @@ -155,29 +157,31 @@ Javawrapper shell script:: shift /usr/bin/java $FQCLASS "$@" -javaclassname.c:: +javaclassname.c: + +.. code-block:: c /* javaclassname.c - * - * Extracts the class name from a Java class file; intended for use in a Java - * wrapper of the type supported by the binfmt_misc option in the Linux kernel. - * - * Copyright (C) 1999 Colin J. Watson . - * - * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify - * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or - * (at your option) any later version. - * - * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - * GNU General Public License for more details. - * - * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software - * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA - */ + * + * Extracts the class name from a Java class file; intended for use in a Java + * wrapper of the type supported by the binfmt_misc option in the Linux kernel. + * + * Copyright (C) 1999 Colin J. Watson . + * + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or + * (at your option) any later version. + * + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + * GNU General Public License for more details. + * + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + */ #include #include @@ -378,7 +382,9 @@ added to your CLASSPATH during execution. To test your new setup, enter in the following simple Java app, and name -it "HelloWorld.java":: +it "HelloWorld.java": + +.. code-block:: java class HelloWorld { public static void main(String args[]) { diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst index 9a9744ca0cf3..cdddc099af64 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst @@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ other program after you have done the following: more about the configuration process. 3) Add the following entries to ``/etc/rc.local`` or similar script - to be run at system startup:: + to be run at system startup: + + .. code-block:: sh # Insert BINFMT_MISC module into the kernel if [ ! -e /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register ]; then diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst index fe95c027e37c..4efd7ce77565 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst @@ -78,7 +78,9 @@ Setting the ramoops parameters can be done in several different manners: }; C. Use a platform device and set the platform data. The parameters can then - be set through that platform data. An example of doing that is:: + be set through that platform data. An example of doing that is: + + .. code-block:: c #include [...] From 57131dd3fd9f51a6b54a917d7faa6ce59d7f3e48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Thu, 3 Nov 2016 11:44:04 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 09/12] Documentation/dev-tools: use code-block with proper language Now that we don't have automatic syntax highlighting, use the code-block directive with the explicitly selected language, where appropriate. Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/dev-tools/gcov.rst | 8 ++++++-- Documentation/dev-tools/kcov.rst | 4 +++- 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/gcov.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/gcov.rst index 19eedfea8800..69a7d90c320a 100644 --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/gcov.rst +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/gcov.rst @@ -201,7 +201,9 @@ Appendix A: gather_on_build.sh ------------------------------ Sample script to gather coverage meta files on the build machine -(see 6a):: +(see 6a): + +.. code-block:: sh #!/bin/bash @@ -232,7 +234,9 @@ Appendix B: gather_on_test.sh ----------------------------- Sample script to gather coverage data files on the test machine -(see 6b):: +(see 6b): + +.. code-block:: sh #!/bin/bash -e diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/kcov.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/kcov.rst index aca0e27ca197..2c41b713841f 100644 --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/kcov.rst +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/kcov.rst @@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ Profiling data will only become accessible once debugfs has been mounted:: mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug -The following program demonstrates kcov usage from within a test program:: +The following program demonstrates kcov usage from within a test program: + +.. code-block:: c #include #include From 29849a695ffefd0055e23f5c59659dd377e361fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Thu, 3 Nov 2016 11:44:23 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 10/12] Documentation/gpu: use code-block with proper language Now that we don't have automatic syntax highlighting, use the code-block directive with the explicitly selected language, where appropriate. Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/gpu/drm-kms.rst | 2 +- Documentation/gpu/drm-mm.rst | 2 +- 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/gpu/drm-kms.rst b/Documentation/gpu/drm-kms.rst index 53b872c105d2..38af5d1cc59f 100644 --- a/Documentation/gpu/drm-kms.rst +++ b/Documentation/gpu/drm-kms.rst @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Connectors state change detection must be cleanup up with a call to Output discovery and initialization example ------------------------------------------- -:: +.. code-block:: c void intel_crt_init(struct drm_device *dev) { diff --git a/Documentation/gpu/drm-mm.rst b/Documentation/gpu/drm-mm.rst index bca808535dfd..cb5daffcd6be 100644 --- a/Documentation/gpu/drm-mm.rst +++ b/Documentation/gpu/drm-mm.rst @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ the radeon_ttm.c file for an example of usage. The ttm_global_reference structure is made up of several fields: -:: +.. code-block:: c struct ttm_global_reference { enum ttm_global_types global_type; From e52347bd66f6fb428464f84f4c867e68bcb4ad4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Thu, 3 Nov 2016 12:10:10 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 11/12] Documentation/admin-guide: split the kernel parameter list to a separate file Include the literal kernel parameter list from a separate file. This helps the pdf build. Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst | 4374 +---------------- .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 4367 ++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 4370 insertions(+), 4371 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst index 37105aedb2e4..b516164999a8 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst @@ -198,4378 +198,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_ multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equalling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30 -bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted:: +bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted: - - acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86,ARM64] - Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Format: { force | on | off | strict | noirq | rsdt | - copy_dsdt } - force -- enable ACPI if default was off - on -- enable ACPI but allow fallback to DT [arm64] - off -- disable ACPI if default was on - noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing - strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not - strictly ACPI specification compliant. - rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT - copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory - For ARM64, ONLY "acpi=off", "acpi=on" or "acpi=force" - are available - - See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt, pci=noacpi - - acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC] - Format: - 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available - 1,0: use 1st APIC table - default: 0 - - acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI] - acpi_backlight=vendor - acpi_backlight=video - If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver - (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead - of the ACPI video.ko driver. - - acpi_force_32bit_fadt_addr - force FADT to use 32 bit addresses rather than the - 64 bit X_* addresses. Some firmware have broken 64 - bit addresses for force ACPI ignore these and use - the older legacy 32 bit addresses. - - acpica_no_return_repair [HW, ACPI] - Disable AML predefined validation mechanism - This mechanism can repair the evaluation result to make - the return objects more ACPI specification compliant. - This option is useful for developers to identify the - root cause of an AML interpreter issue when the issue - has something to do with the repair mechanism. - - acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG] - acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG] - Format: - CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI - debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a - _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g., - #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT - Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in - ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g., - ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ... - The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See - Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about - debug layers and levels. - - Enable processor driver info messages: - acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000 - Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages: - acpi.debug_layer=0x400000 - Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug - object while interpreting AML: - acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2 - Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware: - acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff - - Some values produce so much output that the system is - unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful - if you need to capture more output. - - acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI] - { strict | lax | no } - Check for resource conflicts between native drivers - and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory - only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be - used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and - can interfere with legacy drivers. - strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI - is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved - resources will fail to bind to device using them. - lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed; - legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources - will bind successfully but a warning message is logged. - no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved, - no further checks are performed. - - acpi_force_table_verification [HW,ACPI] - Enable table checksum verification during early stage. - By default, this is disabled due to x86 early mapping - size limitation. - - acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI] - ACPI will balance active IRQs - default in APIC mode - - acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI] - ACPI will not move active IRQs (default) - default in PIC mode - - acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA - Format: ,... - - acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for - use by PCI - Format: ,... - - acpi_no_auto_serialize [HW,ACPI] - Disable auto-serialization of AML methods - AML control methods that contain the opcodes to create - named objects will be marked as "Serialized" by the - auto-serialization feature. - This feature is enabled by default. - This option allows to turn off the feature. - - acpi_no_memhotplug [ACPI] Disable memory hotplug. Useful for kdump - kernels. - - acpi_no_static_ssdt [HW,ACPI] - Disable installation of static SSDTs at early boot time - By default, SSDTs contained in the RSDT/XSDT will be - installed automatically and they will appear under - /sys/firmware/acpi/tables. - This option turns off this feature. - Note that specifying this option does not affect - dynamic table installation which will install SSDT - tables to /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/dynamic. - - acpi_rsdp= [ACPI,EFI,KEXEC] - Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used - on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the - second kernel for kdump. - - acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS - Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows" - - acpi_rev_override [ACPI] Override the _REV object to return 5 (instead - of 2 which is mandated by ACPI 6) as the supported ACPI - specification revision (when using this switch, it may - be necessary to carry out a cold reboot _twice_ in a - row to make it take effect on the platform firmware). - - acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings - acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 - acpi_osi="!string2" # remove string2 - acpi_osi=!* # remove all strings - acpi_osi=! # disable all built-in OS vendor - strings - acpi_osi=!! # enable all built-in OS vendor - strings - acpi_osi= # disable all strings - - 'acpi_osi=!' can be used in combination with single or - multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific OS - vendor string(s). Note that such command can only - affect the default state of the OS vendor strings, thus - it cannot affect the default state of the feature group - strings and the current state of the OS vendor strings, - specifying it multiple times through kernel command line - is meaningless. This command is useful when one do not - care about the state of the feature group strings which - should be controlled by the OSPM. - Examples: - 1. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is equivalent - to 'acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', they all - can make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE. - - 'acpi_osi=' cannot be used in combination with other - 'acpi_osi=' command lines, the _OSI method will not - exist in the ACPI namespace. NOTE that such command can - only affect the _OSI support state, thus specifying it - multiple times through kernel command line is also - meaningless. - Examples: - 1. 'acpi_osi=' can make 'CondRefOf(_OSI, Local1)' - FALSE. - - 'acpi_osi=!*' can be used in combination with single or - multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific - string(s). Note that such command can affect the - current state of both the OS vendor strings and the - feature group strings, thus specifying it multiple times - through kernel command line is meaningful. But it may - still not able to affect the final state of a string if - there are quirks related to this string. This command - is useful when one want to control the state of the - feature group strings to debug BIOS issues related to - the OSPM features. - Examples: - 1. 'acpi_osi="Module Device" acpi_osi=!*' can make - '_OSI("Module Device")' FALSE. - 2. 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Module Device"' can make - '_OSI("Module Device")' TRUE. - 3. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is - equivalent to - 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' - and - 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', - they all will make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE. - - acpi_pm_good [X86] - Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel - to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value - and always returns good values. - - acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode - Format: { level | edge | high | low } - - acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI] - Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override. - For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer. - - acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options - Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig, - old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable } - See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on - s3_bios and s3_mode. - s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep - as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called. - s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being - used during resume from hibernation. - old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS - control method, with respect to putting devices into - low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering - of _PTS is used by default). - nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the - ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume. - sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly - on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec, - but some broken systems don't work without it). - - acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI] - Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards - that require a timer override, but don't have HPET - - add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in - kernel's map of available physical RAM. - - agp= [AGP] - { off | try_unsupported } - off: disable AGP support - try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets - (may crash computer or cause data corruption) - - ALSA [HW,ALSA] - See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt - - alignment= [KNL,ARM] - Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler - behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings, - bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault. - - align_va_addr= [X86-64] - Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when - allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option - gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h - machines (where it is enabled by default) for a - CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in - a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler. - - 32: only for 32-bit processes - 64: only for 64-bit processes - on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes - off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes - - alloc_snapshot [FTRACE] - Allocate the ftrace snapshot buffer on boot up when the - main buffer is allocated. This is handy if debugging - and you need to use tracing_snapshot() on boot up, and - do not want to use tracing_snapshot_alloc() as it needs - to be done where GFP_KERNEL allocations are allowed. - - amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64] - Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system. - Possible values are: - fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when - they are unmapped. Otherwise they are - flushed before they will be reused, which - is a lot of faster - off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in - the system - force_isolation - Force device isolation for all - devices. The IOMMU driver is not - allowed anymore to lift isolation - requirements as needed. This option - does not override iommu=pt - - amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64] - Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table - for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU - driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during - IOMMU initialization. - - amd_iommu_intr= [HW,X86-64] - Specifies one of the following AMD IOMMU interrupt - remapping modes: - legacy - Use legacy interrupt remapping mode. - vapic - Use virtual APIC mode, which allows IOMMU - to inject interrupts directly into guest. - This mode requires kvm-amd.avic=1. - (Default when IOMMU HW support is present.) - - amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support - Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT - Format: , - See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt - - analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support - Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick - connected to one of 16 gameports - Format: ,,.. - - apc= [HW,SPARC] - Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.) - Format: noidle - Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does - not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have - APC and your system crashes randomly. - - apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller - Change the output verbosity whilst booting - Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug } - Change the amount of debugging information output - when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components. - - apic_extnmi= [APIC,X86] External NMI delivery setting - Format: { bsp (default) | all | none } - bsp: External NMI is delivered only to CPU 0 - all: External NMIs are broadcast to all CPUs as a - backup of CPU 0 - none: External NMI is masked for all CPUs. This is - useful so that a dump capture kernel won't be - shot down by NMI - - autoconf= [IPV6] - See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt. - - show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller - Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal - number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible - to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here. - Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }. - The parameter valid if only apic=debug or - apic=verbose is specified. - Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all - - apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management - See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c. - - arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards - Format: ,, - - ataflop= [HW,M68k] - - atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse - - atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess, - EzKey and similar keyboards - - atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization - - atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set - Format: (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2) - - atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar - keyboards - - atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode - Format: (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default)) - - atkbd.softrepeat= [HW] - Use software keyboard repeat - - audit= [KNL] Enable the audit sub-system - Format: { "0" | "1" } (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled) - 0 - kernel audit is disabled and can not be enabled - until the next reboot - unset - kernel audit is initialized but disabled and - will be fully enabled by the userspace auditd. - 1 - kernel audit is initialized and partially enabled, - storing at most audit_backlog_limit messages in - RAM until it is fully enabled by the userspace - auditd. - Default: unset - - audit_backlog_limit= [KNL] Set the audit queue size limit. - Format: (must be >=0) - Default: 64 - - bau= [X86_UV] Enable the BAU on SGI UV. The default - behavior is to disable the BAU (i.e. bau=0). - Format: { "0" | "1" } - 0 - Disable the BAU. - 1 - Enable the BAU. - unset - Disable the BAU. - - baycom_epp= [HW,AX25] - Format: , - - baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem - Format: , - See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c. - - baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] - BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode) - Format: ,,[,] - See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c. - - baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] - BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode) - Format: ,, - See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c. - - blkdevparts= Manual partition parsing of block device(s) for - embedded devices based on command line input. - See Documentation/block/cmdline-partition.txt - - boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot. - Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to - no delay (0). - Format: integer - - bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages. - - bert_disable [ACPI] - Disable BERT OS support on buggy BIOSes. - - bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards) - bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as - kernel args too. - bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options - bttv.tuner= - - bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries - firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries - at a time. - - c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card - - cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection. - Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache - size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds - to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not - possible to determine what the correct size should be. - This option provides an override for these situations. - - ca_keys= [KEYS] This parameter identifies a specific key(s) on - the system trusted keyring to be used for certificate - trust validation. - format: { id: | builtin } - - cca= [MIPS] Override the kernel pages' cache coherency - algorithm. Accepted values range from 0 to 7 - inclusive. See arch/mips/include/asm/pgtable-bits.h - for platform specific values (SB1, Loongson3 and - others). - - ccw_timeout_log [S390] - See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details. - - cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller - Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable} - The effects of cgroup_disable=foo are: - - foo isn't auto-mounted if you mount all cgroups in - a single hierarchy - - foo isn't visible as an individually mountable - subsystem - {Currently only "memory" controller deal with this and - cut the overhead, others just disable the usage. So - only cgroup_disable=memory is actually worthy} - - cgroup_no_v1= [KNL] Disable one, multiple, all cgroup controllers in v1 - Format: { controller[,controller...] | "all" } - Like cgroup_disable, but only applies to cgroup v1; - the blacklisted controllers remain available in cgroup2. - - cgroup.memory= [KNL] Pass options to the cgroup memory controller. - Format: - nosocket -- Disable socket memory accounting. - nokmem -- Disable kernel memory accounting. - - checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value. - Format: { "0" | "1" } - See security/selinux/Kconfig help text. - 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes - any implied execute protection). - 1 -- check protection requested by application. - Default value is set via a kernel config option. - Value can be changed at runtime via - /selinux/checkreqprot. - - cio_ignore= [S390] - See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details. - clk_ignore_unused - [CLK] - Prevents the clock framework from automatically gating - clocks that have not been explicitly enabled by a Linux - device driver but are enabled in hardware at reset or - by the bootloader/firmware. Note that this does not - force such clocks to be always-on nor does it reserve - those clocks in any way. This parameter is useful for - debug and development, but should not be needed on a - platform with proper driver support. For more - information, see Documentation/clk.txt. - - clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override. - [Deprecated] - Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used - when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified - clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT. - Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr } - - clocksource= Override the default clocksource - Format: - Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource - with the name specified. - Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on - the platform: - [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource) - [ACPI] acpi_pm - [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2, - pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1 - [AVR32] avr32 - [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc; - scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440 - [MIPS] MIPS - [PARISC] cr16 - [S390] tod - [SH] SuperH - [SPARC64] tick - [X86-64] hpet,tsc - - clocksource.arm_arch_timer.evtstrm= - [ARM,ARM64] - Format: - Enable/disable the eventstream feature of the ARM - architected timer so that code using WFE-based polling - loops can be debugged more effectively on production - systems. - - clocksource.arm_arch_timer.fsl-a008585= - [ARM64] - Format: - Enable/disable the workaround of Freescale/NXP - erratum A-008585. This can be useful for KVM - guests, if the guest device tree doesn't show the - erratum. If unspecified, the workaround is - enabled based on the device tree. - - clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86] - Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See - arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h for the valid bit - numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily - stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific - ones should be. - Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly - or using the feature without checking anything - will still see it. This just prevents it from - being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo. - Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable - some critical bits. - - cma=nn[MG]@[start[MG][-end[MG]]] - [ARM,X86,KNL] - Sets the size of kernel global memory area for - contiguous memory allocations and optionally the - placement constraint by the physical address range of - memory allocations. A value of 0 disables CMA - altogether. For more information, see - include/linux/dma-contiguous.h - - cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no } - Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive - when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments - to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by - a hypervisor. - Default: yes - - coherent_pool=nn[KMG] [ARM,KNL] - Sets the size of memory pool for coherent, atomic dma - allocations, by default set to 256K. - - code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print - in an oops report. - Range: 0 - 8192 - Default: 64 - - com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset - Format: - [,[,[,[,[,]]]]] - - com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers) - Format: [,] - - com90xx= [HW,NET] - ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers) - Format: [,[,]] - - condev= [HW,S390] console device - conmode= - - console= [KNL] Output console device and options. - - tty Use the virtual console device . - - ttyS[,options] - ttyUSB0[,options] - Use the specified serial port. The options are of - the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate, - "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of - bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or - omit it). Default is "9600n8". - - See Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst for more - information. See - Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an - alternative. - - uart[8250],io,[,options] - uart[8250],mmio,[,options] - uart[8250],mmio16,[,options] - uart[8250],mmio32,[,options] - uart[8250],0x[,options] - Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550 - UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address, - switching to the matching ttyS device later. - MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit - (mmio), 16-bit (mmio16), or 32-bit (mmio32). - If none of [io|mmio|mmio16|mmio32], is assumed - to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified in - the same format described for ttyS above; if unspecified, - the h/w is not re-initialized. - - hvc Use the hypervisor console device . This is for - both Xen and PowerPC hypervisors. - - If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille - device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance - console=brl,ttyS0 - For now, only VisioBraille is supported. - - consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in - seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0 - disables the blank timer. - - coredump_filter= - [KNL] Change the default value for - /proc//coredump_filter. - See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. - - cpuidle.off=1 [CPU_IDLE] - disable the cpuidle sub-system - - cpu_init_udelay=N - [X86] Delay for N microsec between assert and de-assert - of APIC INIT to start processors. This delay occurs - on every CPU online, such as boot, and resume from suspend. - Default: 10000 - - cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver - Format: - ,,,[,] - - crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]] - [KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel' - upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical - memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel - image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset - is selected automatically. Check - Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for further details. - - crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset] - [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory - in the running system. The syntax of range is - start-[end] where start and end are both - a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also - Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for an example. - - crashkernel=size[KMG],high - [KNL, x86_64] range could be above 4G. Allow kernel - to allocate physical memory region from top, so could - be above 4G if system have more than 4G ram installed. - Otherwise memory region will be allocated below 4G, if - available. - It will be ignored if crashkernel=X is specified. - crashkernel=size[KMG],low - [KNL, x86_64] range under 4G. When crashkernel=X,high - is passed, kernel could allocate physical memory region - above 4G, that cause second kernel crash on system - that require some amount of low memory, e.g. swiotlb - requires at least 64M+32K low memory, also enough extra - low memory is needed to make sure DMA buffers for 32-bit - devices won't run out. Kernel would try to allocate at - at least 256M below 4G automatically. - This one let user to specify own low range under 4G - for second kernel instead. - 0: to disable low allocation. - It will be ignored when crashkernel=X,high is not used - or memory reserved is below 4G. - - cryptomgr.notests - [KNL] Disable crypto self-tests - - cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET] - Format: - - cs89x0_media= [HW,NET] - Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc } - - dasd= [HW,NET] - See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c. - - db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port - (one device per port) - Format: , - See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt - - ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot - time. See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for - details. Deprecated, see dyndbg. - - debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level). - - debug_locks_verbose= - [KNL] verbose self-tests - Format=<0|1> - Print debugging info while doing the locking API - self-tests. - We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to - 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally - only useful to kernel developers. - - debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging - - no_debug_objects - [KNL] Disable object debugging - - debug_guardpage_minorder= - [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this - parameter allows control of the order of pages that will - be intentionally kept free (and hence protected) by the - buddy allocator. Bigger value increase the probability - of catching random memory corruption, but reduce the - amount of memory for normal system use. The maximum - possible value is MAX_ORDER/2. Setting this parameter - to 1 or 2 should be enough to identify most random - memory corruption problems caused by bugs in kernel or - driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a - random memory location. Note that there exists a class - of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or - F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when - memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is - bypassed) which are not detectable by - CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help - tracking down these problems. - - debug_pagealloc= - [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this - parameter enables the feature at boot time. In - default, it is disabled. We can avoid allocating huge - chunk of memory for debug pagealloc if we don't enable - it at boot time and the system will work mostly same - with the kernel built without CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC. - on: enable the feature - - debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging - - decnet.addr= [HW,NET] - Format: [,] - See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt. - - default_hugepagesz= - [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default - HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by - the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and - default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems. - Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size - if not specified. - - dhash_entries= [KNL] - Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache. - - disable_1tb_segments [PPC] - Disables the use of 1TB hash page table segments. This - causes the kernel to fall back to 256MB segments which - can be useful when debugging issues that require an SLB - miss to occur. - - disable= [IPV6] - See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt. - - disable_radix [PPC] - Disable RADIX MMU mode on POWER9 - - disable_cpu_apicid= [X86,APIC,SMP] - Format: - The number of initial APIC ID for the - corresponding CPU to be disabled at boot, - mostly used for the kdump 2nd kernel to - disable BSP to wake up multiple CPUs without - causing system reset or hang due to sending - INIT from AP to BSP. - - disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES] - Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this if - to workaround buggy firmware. - - disable_ipv6= [IPV6] - See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt. - - disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86] - The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous - to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB - entry later. This parameter disables that. - - disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only] - By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable - memory out of your available memory pool based on - MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior, - possibly causing your machine to run very slowly. - - disable_timer_pin_1 [X86] - Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer - Can be useful to work around chipset bugs. - - dis_ucode_ldr [X86] Disable the microcode loader. - - dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support, - this option disables the debugging code at boot. - - dma_debug_entries= - This option allows to tune the number of preallocated - entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is - required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the - DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the - architectural default is too low. - - dma_debug_driver= - With this option the DMA-API debugging driver - filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just - pass the driver to filter for as the parameter. - The filter can be disabled or changed to another - driver later using sysfs. - - drm_kms_helper.edid_firmware=[:][,[:]] - Broken monitors, graphic adapters, KVMs and EDIDless - panels may send no or incorrect EDID data sets. - This parameter allows to specify an EDID data sets - in the /lib/firmware directory that are used instead. - Generic built-in EDID data sets are used, if one of - edid/1024x768.bin, edid/1280x1024.bin, - edid/1680x1050.bin, or edid/1920x1080.bin is given - and no file with the same name exists. Details and - instructions how to build your own EDID data are - available in Documentation/EDID/HOWTO.txt. An EDID - data set will only be used for a particular connector, - if its name and a colon are prepended to the EDID - name. Each connector may use a unique EDID data - set by separating the files with a comma. An EDID - data set with no connector name will be used for - any connectors not explicitly specified. - - dscc4.setup= [NET] - - dyndbg[="val"] [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] - module.dyndbg[="val"] - Enable debug messages at boot time. See - Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for details. - - nompx [X86] Disables Intel Memory Protection Extensions. - See Documentation/x86/intel_mpx.txt for more - information about the feature. - - nopku [X86] Disable Memory Protection Keys CPU feature found - in some Intel CPUs. - - eagerfpu= [X86] - on enable eager fpu restore - off disable eager fpu restore - auto selects the default scheme, which automatically - enables eagerfpu restore for xsaveopt. - - module.async_probe [KNL] - Enable asynchronous probe on this module. - - early_ioremap_debug [KNL] - Enable debug messages in early_ioremap support. This - is useful for tracking down temporary early mappings - which are not unmapped. - - earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options. - - When used with no options, the early console is - determined by the stdout-path property in device - tree's chosen node. - - cdns,[,options] - Start an early, polled-mode console on a Cadence - (xuartps) serial port at the specified address. Only - supported option is baud rate. If baud rate is not - specified, the serial port must already be setup and - configured. - - uart[8250],io,[,options] - uart[8250],mmio,[,options] - uart[8250],mmio32,[,options] - uart[8250],mmio32be,[,options] - uart[8250],0x[,options] - Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550 - UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address. - MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit - (mmio) or 32-bit (mmio32 or mmio32be). - If none of [io|mmio|mmio32|mmio32be], is assumed - to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified - in the same format described for "console=ttyS"; if - unspecified, the h/w is not initialized. - - pl011, - pl011,mmio32, - Start an early, polled-mode console on a pl011 serial - port at the specified address. The pl011 serial port - must already be setup and configured. Options are not - yet supported. If 'mmio32' is specified, then only - the driver will use only 32-bit accessors to read/write - the device registers. - - meson, - Start an early, polled-mode console on a meson serial - port at the specified address. The serial port must - already be setup and configured. Options are not yet - supported. - - msm_serial, - Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial - port at the specified address. The serial port - must already be setup and configured. Options are not - yet supported. - - msm_serial_dm, - Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial - dm port at the specified address. The serial port - must already be setup and configured. Options are not - yet supported. - - smh Use ARM semihosting calls for early console. - - s3c2410, - s3c2412, - s3c2440, - s3c6400, - s5pv210, - exynos4210, - Use early console provided by serial driver available - on Samsung SoCs, requires selecting proper type and - a correct base address of the selected UART port. The - serial port must already be setup and configured. - Options are not yet supported. - - lpuart, - lpuart32, - Use early console provided by Freescale LP UART driver - found on Freescale Vybrid and QorIQ LS1021A processors. - A valid base address must be provided, and the serial - port must already be setup and configured. - - armada3700_uart, - Start an early, polled-mode console on the - Armada 3700 serial port at the specified - address. The serial port must already be setup - and configured. Options are not yet supported. - - earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN,ARM,M68k] - earlyprintk=vga - earlyprintk=efi - earlyprintk=xen - earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]] - earlyprintk=serial[,0x...[,baudrate]] - earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate] - earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#] - earlyprintk=pciserial,bus:device.function[,baudrate] - - earlyprintk is useful when the kernel crashes before - the normal console is initialized. It is not enabled by - default because it has some cosmetic problems. - - Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console - takes over. - - Only one of vga, efi, serial, or usb debug port can - be used at a time. - - Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 may be specified by - name. Other I/O ports may be explicitly specified - on some architectures (x86 and arm at least) by - replacing ttySn with an I/O port address, like this: - earlyprintk=serial,0x1008,115200 - You can find the port for a given device in - /proc/tty/driver/serial: - 2: uart:ST16650V2 port:00001008 irq:18 ... - - Interaction with the standard serial driver is not - very good. - - The VGA and EFI output is eventually overwritten by - the real console. - - The xen output can only be used by Xen PV guests. - - edac_report= [HW,EDAC] Control how to report EDAC event - Format: {"on" | "off" | "force"} - on: enable EDAC to report H/W event. May be overridden - by other higher priority error reporting module. - off: disable H/W event reporting through EDAC. - force: enforce the use of EDAC to report H/W event. - default: on. - - ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging - ekgdboc=kbd - - This is designed to be used in conjunction with - the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga - - edd= [EDD] - Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"} - - efi= [EFI] - Format: { "old_map", "nochunk", "noruntime", "debug" } - old_map [X86-64]: switch to the old ioremap-based EFI - runtime services mapping. 32-bit still uses this one by - default. - nochunk: disable reading files in "chunks" in the EFI - boot stub, as chunking can cause problems with some - firmware implementations. - noruntime : disable EFI runtime services support - debug: enable misc debug output - - efi_no_storage_paranoia [EFI; X86] - Using this parameter you can use more than 50% of - your efi variable storage. Use this parameter only if - you are really sure that your UEFI does sane gc and - fulfills the spec otherwise your board may brick. - - efi_fake_mem= nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa[,nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa,..] [EFI; X86] - Add arbitrary attribute to specific memory range by - updating original EFI memory map. - Region of memory which aa attribute is added to is - from ss to ss+nn. - If efi_fake_mem=2G@4G:0x10000,2G@0x10a0000000:0x10000 - is specified, EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE(0x10000) - attribute is added to range 0x100000000-0x180000000 and - 0x10a0000000-0x1120000000. - - Using this parameter you can do debugging of EFI memmap - related feature. For example, you can do debugging of - Address Range Mirroring feature even if your box - doesn't support it. - - efivar_ssdt= [EFI; X86] Name of an EFI variable that contains an SSDT - that is to be dynamically loaded by Linux. If there are - multiple variables with the same name but with different - vendor GUIDs, all of them will be loaded. See - Documentation/acpi/ssdt-overlays.txt for details. - - - eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW] - See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c. - - elanfreq= [X86-32] - See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in - arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c. - - elevator= [IOSCHED] - Format: {"cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"} - See Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt and - Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details. - - elfcorehdr=[size[KMG]@]offset[KMG] [IA64,PPC,SH,X86,S390] - Specifies physical address of start of kernel core - image elf header and optionally the size. Generally - kexec loader will pass this option to capture kernel. - See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details. - - enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86] - The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous - to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB - entry later. This parameter enables that. - - enable_timer_pin_1 [X86] - Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer - Can be useful to work around chipset bugs - (in particular on some ATI chipsets). - The kernel tries to set a reasonable default. - - enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status. - Format: {"0" | "1"} - See security/selinux/Kconfig help text. - 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials). - 1 -- enforcing (deny and log). - Default value is 0. - Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce. - - erst_disable [ACPI] - Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST) - support. - - ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters - This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which - has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details. - - evm= [EVM] - Format: { "fix" } - Permit 'security.evm' to be updated regardless of - current integrity status. - - failslab= - fail_page_alloc= - fail_make_request=[KNL] - General fault injection mechanism. - Format: ,,, - See also Documentation/fault-injection/. - - floppy= [HW] - See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt. - - force_pal_cache_flush - [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on - buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this - parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call - ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH. - - forcepae [X86-32] - Forcefully enable Physical Address Extension (PAE). - Many Pentium M systems disable PAE but may have a - functionally usable PAE implementation. - Warning: use of this parameter will taint the kernel - and may cause unknown problems. - - ftrace=[tracer] - [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer - as early as possible in order to facilitate early - boot debugging. - - ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu] - [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops. - If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump - buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will - dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the - oops. - - ftrace_filter=[function-list] - [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function - tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated - list of functions. This list can be changed at run - time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs - tracing directory. - - ftrace_notrace=[function-list] - [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in - function-list. This list can be changed at run time - by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs - tracing directory. - - ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list] - [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced - by the function graph tracer at boot up. - function-list is a comma separated list of functions - that can be changed at run time by the - set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory. - - ftrace_graph_notrace=[function-list] - [FTRACE] Do not trace from the functions specified in - function-list. This list is a comma separated list of - functions that can be changed at run time by the - set_graph_notrace file in the debugfs tracing directory. - - gamecon.map[2|3]= - [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad - support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port) - Format: ,,,,, - See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt - - gamma= [HW,DRM] - - gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART - Format: off | on - default: on - - gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for - kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via - debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded. - When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated - debugfs files are removed at module unload time. - - gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but - invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT. If the - primary GPT is corrupted, it enables the backup/alternate - GPT to be used instead. - - grcan.enable0= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 0. Determines - the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register. - Format: 0 | 1 - Default: 0 - grcan.enable1= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 1. Determines - the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register. - Format: 0 | 1 - Default: 0 - grcan.select= [HW] Select which physical interface to use. - Format: 0 | 1 - Default: 0 - grcan.txsize= [HW] Sets the size of the tx buffer. - Format: such that (txsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0. - Default: 1024 - grcan.rxsize= [HW] Sets the size of the rx buffer. - Format: such that (rxsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0. - Default: 1024 - - gpio-mockup.gpio_mockup_ranges - [HW] Sets the ranges of gpiochip of for this device. - Format: ,,,... - - hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace= - [KNL] Should the hard-lockup detector generate - backtraces on all cpus. - Format: - - hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot - are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on - for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise. - Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on) - - hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer - - hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry - Format: ,, - - hest_disable [ACPI] - Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support; - corresponding firmware-first mode error processing - logic will be disabled. - - highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact - size of . This works even on boxes that have no - highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem - size on bigger boxes. - - highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode. - Valid parameters: "on", "off" - Default: "on" - - hisax= [HW,ISDN] - See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax. - - hlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] - - hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage - Format: { enable (default) | disable | force | - verbose } - disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead - force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4, - VIA, nVidia) - verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup - - hpet_mmap= [X86, HPET_MMAP] Allow userspace to mmap HPET - registers. Default set by CONFIG_HPET_MMAP_DEFAULT. - - hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot. - hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages. - On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified - multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve - huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on - x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G - (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag). - - hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC) - terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8 - hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs. - If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections - from listed z/VM user IDs only. - - hwthread_map= [METAG] Comma-separated list of Linux cpu id to - hardware thread id mappings. - Format: : - - keep_bootcon [KNL] - Do not unregister boot console at start. This is only - useful for debugging when something happens in the window - between unregistering the boot console and initializing - the real console. - - i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed - or register an additional I2C bus that is not - registered from board initialization code. - Format: - , - - i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode - i8042.unmask_kbd_data - [HW] Enable printing of interrupt data from the KBD port - (disabled by default, and as a pre-condition - requires that i8042.debug=1 be enabled) - i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode - i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from - keyboard and cannot control its state - (Don't attempt to blink the leds) - i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port - i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port - i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing - for the AUX port - i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing - controller - i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX - controllers - i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by controller - i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init, cleanup and - suspend-to-ram transitions, only during s2r - transitions, or never reset - Format: { 1 | Y | y | 0 | N | n } - 1, Y, y: always reset controller - 0, N, n: don't ever reset controller - Default: only on s2r transitions on x86; most other - architectures force reset to be always executed - i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock - i8042.kbdreset [HW] Reset device connected to KBD port - - i810= [HW,DRM] - - i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data - indicates that the driver is running on unsupported - hardware. - i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature - does not match list of supported models. - i8k.power_status - [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k - (disabled by default) - i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN - capability is set. - - i915.invert_brightness= - [DRM] Invert the sense of the variable that is used to - set the brightness of the panel backlight. Normally a - brightness value of 0 indicates backlight switched off, - and the maximum of the brightness value sets the backlight - to maximum brightness. If this parameter is set to 0 - (default) and the machine requires it, or this parameter - is set to 1, a brightness value of 0 sets the backlight - to maximum brightness, and the maximum of the brightness - value switches the backlight off. - -1 -- never invert brightness - 0 -- machine default - 1 -- force brightness inversion - - icn= [HW,ISDN] - Format: [,[,[,]]] - - ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc - .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr - .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options - See Documentation/ide/ide.txt. - - ide-generic.probe-mask= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - Format: - Probe mask for legacy ISA IDE ports. Depending on - platform up to 6 ports are supported, enabled by - setting corresponding bits in the mask to 1. The - default value is 0x0, which has a special meaning. - On systems that have PCI, it triggers scanning the - PCI bus for the first and the second port, which - are then probed. On systems without PCI the value - of 0x0 enables probing the two first ports as if it - was 0x3. - - ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers. - - idle= [X86] - Format: idle=poll, idle=halt, idle=nomwait - Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly - improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but - will use a lot of power and make the system run hot. - Not recommended. - idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle. - In such case C2/C3 won't be used again. - idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states - - ieee754= [MIPS] Select IEEE Std 754 conformance mode - Format: { strict | legacy | 2008 | relaxed } - Default: strict - - Choose which programs will be accepted for execution - based on the IEEE 754 NaN encoding(s) supported by - the FPU and the NaN encoding requested with the value - of an ELF file header flag individually set by each - binary. Hardware implementations are permitted to - support either or both of the legacy and the 2008 NaN - encoding mode. - - Available settings are as follows: - strict accept binaries that request a NaN encoding - supported by the FPU - legacy only accept legacy-NaN binaries, if supported - by the FPU - 2008 only accept 2008-NaN binaries, if supported - by the FPU - relaxed accept any binaries regardless of whether - supported by the FPU - - The FPU emulator is always able to support both NaN - encodings, so if no FPU hardware is present or it has - been disabled with 'nofpu', then the settings of - 'legacy' and '2008' strap the emulator accordingly, - 'relaxed' straps the emulator for both legacy-NaN and - 2008-NaN, whereas 'strict' enables legacy-NaN only on - legacy processors and both NaN encodings on MIPS32 or - MIPS64 CPUs. - - The setting for ABS.fmt/NEG.fmt instruction execution - mode generally follows that for the NaN encoding, - except where unsupported by hardware. - - ignore_loglevel [KNL] - Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/ - kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging. - We also add it as printk module parameter, so users - could change it dynamically, usually by - /sys/module/printk/parameters/ignore_loglevel. - - ignore_rlimit_data - Ignore RLIMIT_DATA setting for data mappings, - print warning at first misuse. Can be changed via - /sys/module/kernel/parameters/ignore_rlimit_data. - - ihash_entries= [KNL] - Set number of hash buckets for inode cache. - - ima_appraise= [IMA] appraise integrity measurements - Format: { "off" | "enforce" | "fix" | "log" } - default: "enforce" - - ima_appraise_tcb [IMA] - The builtin appraise policy appraises all files - owned by uid=0. - - ima_hash= [IMA] - Format: { md5 | sha1 | rmd160 | sha256 | sha384 - | sha512 | ... } - default: "sha1" - - The list of supported hash algorithms is defined - in crypto/hash_info.h. - - ima_policy= [IMA] - The builtin measurement policy to load during IMA - setup. Specyfing "tcb" as the value, measures all - programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files - opened with the read mode bit set by either the - effective uid (euid=0) or uid=0. - Format: "tcb" - - ima_tcb [IMA] Deprecated. Use ima_policy= instead. - Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted - Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all - programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files - opened for read by uid=0. - - ima_template= [IMA] - Select one of defined IMA measurements template formats. - Formats: { "ima" | "ima-ng" | "ima-sig" } - Default: "ima-ng" - - ima_template_fmt= - [IMA] Define a custom template format. - Format: { "field1|...|fieldN" } - - ima.ahash_minsize= [IMA] Minimum file size for asynchronous hash usage - Format: - Set the minimal file size for using asynchronous hash. - If left unspecified, ahash usage is disabled. - - ahash performance varies for different data sizes on - different crypto accelerators. This option can be used - to achieve the best performance for a particular HW. - - ima.ahash_bufsize= [IMA] Asynchronous hash buffer size - Format: - Set hashing buffer size. Default: 4k. - - ahash performance varies for different chunk sizes on - different crypto accelerators. This option can be used - to achieve best performance for particular HW. - - init= [KNL] - Format: - Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init - process. - - initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful - for working out where the kernel is dying during - startup. - - initcall_blacklist= [KNL] Do not execute a comma-separated list of - initcall functions. Useful for debugging built-in - modules and initcalls. - - initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk - - init_pkru= [x86] Specify the default memory protection keys rights - register contents for all processes. 0x55555554 by - default (disallow access to all but pkey 0). Can - override in debugfs after boot. - - inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver - Format: - - int_pln_enable [x86] Enable power limit notification interrupt - - integrity_audit=[IMA] - Format: { "0" | "1" } - 0 -- basic integrity auditing messages. (Default) - 1 -- additional integrity auditing messages. - - intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option - on - Enable intel iommu driver. - off - Disable intel iommu driver. - igfx_off [Default Off] - By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx - device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is - bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In - this case, gfx device will use physical address for - DMA. - forcedac [x86_64] - With this option iommu will not optimize to look - for io virtual address below 32-bit forcing dual - address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater - than 32-bit addressing. The default is to look - for translation below 32-bit and if not available - then look in the higher range. - strict [Default Off] - With this option on every unmap_single operation will - result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed - to batching them for performance. - sp_off [Default Off] - By default, super page will be supported if Intel IOMMU - has the capability. With this option, super page will - not be supported. - ecs_off [Default Off] - By default, extended context tables will be supported if - the hardware advertises that it has support both for the - extended tables themselves, and also PASID support. With - this option set, extended tables will not be used even - on hardware which claims to support them. - - intel_idle.max_cstate= [KNL,HW,ACPI,X86] - 0 disables intel_idle and fall back on acpi_idle. - 1 to 9 specify maximum depth of C-state. - - intel_pstate= [X86] - disable - Do not enable intel_pstate as the default - scaling driver for the supported processors - force - Enable intel_pstate on systems that prohibit it by default - in favor of acpi-cpufreq. Forcing the intel_pstate driver - instead of acpi-cpufreq may disable platform features, such - as thermal controls and power capping, that rely on ACPI - P-States information being indicated to OSPM and therefore - should be used with caution. This option does not work with - processors that aren't supported by the intel_pstate driver - or on platforms that use pcc-cpufreq instead of acpi-cpufreq. - no_hwp - Do not enable hardware P state control (HWP) - if available. - hwp_only - Only load intel_pstate on systems which support - hardware P state control (HWP) if available. - support_acpi_ppc - Enforce ACPI _PPC performance limits. If the Fixed ACPI - Description Table, specifies preferred power management - profile as "Enterprise Server" or "Performance Server", - then this feature is turned on by default. - - intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] - on enable Interrupt Remapping (default) - off disable Interrupt Remapping - nosid disable Source ID checking - no_x2apic_optout - BIOS x2APIC opt-out request will be ignored - nopost disable Interrupt Posting - - iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory - strict regions from userspace. - relaxed - - iommu= [x86] - off - force - noforce - biomerge - panic - nopanic - merge - nomerge - forcesac - soft - pt [x86, IA-64] - nobypass [PPC/POWERNV] - Disable IOMMU bypass, using IOMMU for PCI devices. - - - io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems - See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in - arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c. - - io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method - 0x80 - Standard port 0x80 based delay - 0xed - Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems) - udelay - Simple two microseconds delay - none - No delay - - ip= [IP_PNP] - See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt. - - irqaffinity= [SMP] Set the default irq affinity mask - The argument is a cpu list, as described above. - - irqfixup [HW] - When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers - for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken - firmware running. - - irqpoll [HW] - When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers - for it. Also check all handlers each timer - interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken - firmware running. - - isapnp= [ISAPNP] - Format: ,,, - - isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler. - The argument is a cpu list, as described above. - - This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs - to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling - algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an - "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset. - begins at 0 and the maximum value is - "number of CPUs in system - 1". - - This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The - alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all - tasks in the system -- can cause problems and - suboptimal load balancer performance. - - iucv= [HW,NET] - - ivrs_ioapic [HW,X86_64] - Provide an override to the IOAPIC-ID<->DEVICE-ID - mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For - example, to map IOAPIC-ID decimal 10 to - PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as: - ivrs_ioapic[10]=00:14.0 - - ivrs_hpet [HW,X86_64] - Provide an override to the HPET-ID<->DEVICE-ID - mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For - example, to map HPET-ID decimal 0 to - PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as: - ivrs_hpet[0]=00:14.0 - - ivrs_acpihid [HW,X86_64] - Provide an override to the ACPI-HID:UID<->DEVICE-ID - mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For - example, to map UART-HID:UID AMD0020:0 to - PCI device 00:14.5 write the parameter as: - ivrs_acpihid[00:14.5]=AMD0020:0 - - js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick - See Documentation/input/joystick.txt. - - nokaslr [KNL] - When CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is set, this disables - kernel and module base offset ASLR (Address Space - Layout Randomization). - - keepinitrd [HW,ARM] - - kernelcore= [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] - Format: nn[KMGTPE] | "mirror" - This parameter - specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel - for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is - spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The - remaining memory in each node is used for Movable - pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both - kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will - take priority and other nodes will have a larger number - of Movable pages. The Movable zone is used for the - allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved - by the page migration subsystem. This means that - HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone. - Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still - use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal - zone if it does not. - - Instead of specifying the amount of memory (nn[KMGTPE]), - you can specify "mirror" option. In case "mirror" - option is specified, mirrored (reliable) memory is used - for non-movable allocations and remaining memory is used - for Movable pages. nn[KMGTPE] and "mirror" are exclusive, - so you can NOT specify nn[KMGTPE] and "mirror" at the same - time. - - kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port. - Format: [,poll interval] - The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug - port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is - optional and is the number seconds in between - each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need - the functionality for interrupting the kernel with - gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When - not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into - the kernel debugger. - - kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles. - Requires a tty driver that supports console polling, - or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb). - Serial only format: [,baud] - keyboard only format: kbd - keyboard and serial format: kbd,[,baud] - Optional Kernel mode setting: - kms, kbd format: kms,kbd - kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,[,baud] - - kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the - kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity. - - kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address. - Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip - Ethernet adapter MAC address. - - kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable - Valid arguments: on, off - Default: on - Built with CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_DEFAULT_OFF=y, - the default is off. - - kmemcheck= [X86] Boot-time kmemcheck enable/disable/one-shot mode - Valid arguments: 0, 1, 2 - kmemcheck=0 (disabled) - kmemcheck=1 (enabled) - kmemcheck=2 (one-shot mode) - Default: 2 (one-shot mode) - - kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack - in oops dumps. - - kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs. - Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP) - - kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit - KVM MMU at runtime. - Default is 0 (off) - - kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM. - Default is 1 (enabled) - - kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU) - for all guests. - Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode. - - kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables - (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips. - Default is 1 (enabled) - - kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state= - [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states - Default is 0 (disabled) - - kvm-intel.flexpriority= - [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow). - Default is 1 (enabled) - - kvm-intel.nested= - [KVM,Intel] Enable VMX nesting (nVMX). - Default is 0 (disabled) - - kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest= - [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature - (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable - Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled) - - kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification - feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips. - Default is 1 (enabled) - - l2cr= [PPC] - - l3cr= [PPC] - - lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS - disabled it. - - lapic= [x86,APIC] "notscdeadline" Do not use TSC deadline - value for LAPIC timer one-shot implementation. Default - back to the programmable timer unit in the LAPIC. - - lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer - in C2 power state. - - libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control - libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA - libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only - libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only - libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only - Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA - for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs. - - libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit - libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default) - libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk - - libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume - when set. - Format: - - libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma - separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is - PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers - matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches - the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If - the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE - values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the - configuration applies to all ports, links and devices. - - If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to - the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE - number of 0 either selects the first device or the - first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not - select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the - host link and device attached to it. - - The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long - as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed. - For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps. - The following configurations can be forced. - - * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata. - Any ID with matching PORT is used. - - * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps. - - * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7]. - udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also - allowed. - - * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ. - - * [no]ncqtrim: Turn off queued DSM TRIM. - - * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft - and both resets. - - * rstonce: only attempt one reset during - hot-unplug link recovery - - * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data. - - * atapi_dmadir: Enable ATAPI DMADIR bridge support - - * disable: Disable this device. - - If there are multiple matching configurations changing - the same attribute, the last one is used. - - memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages. - - load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy - See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt. - - lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period. - Format: - - lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port. - Format: - - lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value. - Format: - - lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port. - Format: - - locktorture.nreaders_stress= [KNL] - Set the number of locking read-acquisition kthreads. - Defaults to being automatically set based on the - number of online CPUs. - - locktorture.nwriters_stress= [KNL] - Set the number of locking write-acquisition kthreads. - - locktorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL] - Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing. - - locktorture.onoff_interval= [KNL] - Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or - zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing. - - locktorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL] - Set task-shuffle interval (jiffies). Shuffling - tasks allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle - mode during the locktorture test. - - locktorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL] - Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This - is useful for hands-off automated testing. - - locktorture.stat_interval= [KNL] - Time (s) between statistics printk()s. - - locktorture.stutter= [KNL] - Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, - specifying five seconds causes the test to run for - five seconds, wait for five seconds, and so on. - This tests the locking primitive's ability to - transition abruptly to and from idle. - - locktorture.torture_runnable= [BOOT] - Start locktorture running at boot time. - - locktorture.torture_type= [KNL] - Specify the locking implementation to test. - - locktorture.verbose= [KNL] - Enable additional printk() statements. - - logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver - Format: - - loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the - console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can - also be changed with klogd or other programs. The - loglevels are defined as follows: - - 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable - 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately - 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions - 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions - 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions - 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition - 6 (KERN_INFO) informational - 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages - - log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, - in bytes. n must be a power of two and greater - than the minimal size. The minimal size is defined - by LOG_BUF_SHIFT kernel config parameter. There is - also CONFIG_LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT config parameter - that allows to increase the default size depending on - the number of CPUs. See init/Kconfig for more details. - - logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo. - This may be used to provide more screen space for - kernel log messages and is useful when debugging - kernel boot problems. - - lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g, - lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses - lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the - lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be - specified in addition to the ports) causes - attached printers to be reset. Using - lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports - to associate lp devices with, starting with - lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip - that lp device, or a parport name such as - 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a - port specification list means that device IDs - from each port should be examined, to see if - an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if - so, the driver will manage that printer. - See also header of drivers/char/lp.c. - - lpj=n [KNL] - Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding - time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per - CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine - the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal - autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that - on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs, - which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need - significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value - will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to - unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although - unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your - hardware. - - ltpc= [NET] - Format: ,, - - machvec= [IA-64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector - (machvec) in a generic kernel. - Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb - - machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different - yeeloong laptop. - Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch - - max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater - than or equal to this physical address is ignored. - - maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel - will bring up during bootup. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits - the kernel to bring up 'n' processors. Surely after - bootup you can bring up the other plugged cpu by executing - "echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/online". So maxcpus - only takes effect during system bootup. - While n=0 is a special case, it is equivalent to "nosmp", - which also disables the IO APIC. - - max_loop= [LOOP] The number of loop block devices that get - (loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default - number is configured by BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT. Instead - of statically allocating a predefined number, loop - devices can be requested on-demand with the - /dev/loop-control interface. - - mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception - - mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt - - md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level - See Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst. - - mdacon= [MDA] - Format: , - Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA. - - mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory - Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able - to see the whole system memory or for test. - [X86] Work as limiting max address. Use together - with memmap= to avoid physical address space collisions. - Without memmap= PCI devices could be placed at addresses - belonging to unused RAM. - - mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel - memory. - - memchunk=nn[KMG] - [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for - per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers. - - memhp_default_state=online/offline - [KNL] Set the initial state for the memory hotplug - onlining policy. If not specified, the default value is - set according to the - CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE kernel config - option. - See Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt. - - memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact - E820 memory map, as specified by the user. - Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on - BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss - option description. - - memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG] - [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory. - Region of memory to be used is from ss to ss+nn. - - memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG] - [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data. - Region of memory to be marked is from ss to ss+nn. - - memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG] - [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved. - Region of memory to be reserved is from ss to ss+nn. - Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff - memmap=64K$0x18690000 - or - memmap=0x10000$0x18690000 - - memmap=nn[KMG]!ss[KMG] - [KNL,X86] Mark specific memory as protected. - Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn. - The memory region may be marked as e820 type 12 (0xc) - and is NVDIMM or ADR memory. - - memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86] - Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of - memory when doing things like suspend/resume. - Setting this option will scan the memory - looking for corruption. Enabling this will - both detect corruption and prevent the kernel - from using the memory being corrupted. - However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if - repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always - affects the same memory, you can use memmap= - to prevent the kernel from using that memory. - - memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86] - By default it checks for corruption in the low - 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal - use. Use this parameter to scan for - corruption in more or less memory. - - memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86] - By default it checks for corruption every 60 - seconds. Use this parameter to check at some - other rate. 0 disables periodic checking. - - memtest= [KNL,X86,ARM] Enable memtest - Format: - default : 0 - Specifies the number of memtest passes to be - performed. Each pass selects another test - pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest - fills the memory with this pattern, validates - memory contents and reserves bad memory - regions that are detected. - - meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters - See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt. - - mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the - Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode - platforms. - - mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when - the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS - version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the - problem by letting the user disable the workaround. - - mga= [HW,DRM] - - min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this - physical address is ignored. - - mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL] - Format:[0..2][b][c][t] - Default: "0tb" - MINI2440 configuration specification: - 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT - 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT - 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768) - Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load - the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left - unconfigured. - b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be - linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO - LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the - VGA shield. - c - Enable the s3c camera interface. - t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The - touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream - kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found - in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at - http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git - - mminit_loglevel= - [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this - parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for - the additional memory initialisation checks. A value - of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will - log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG - so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified. - - module.sig_enforce - [KNL] When CONFIG_MODULE_SIG is set, this means that - modules without (valid) signatures will fail to load. - Note that if CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE is set, that - is always true, so this option does nothing. - - module_blacklist= [KNL] Do not load a comma-separated list of - modules. Useful for debugging problem modules. - - mousedev.tap_time= - [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and - leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered - a tap and be reported as a left button click (for - touchpads working in absolute mode only). - Format: - mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices - reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets - mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices - reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets - - movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter - is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the - amount of memory used for migratable allocations. - If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified, - then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified - value but may be more. If movablecore on its own - is specified, the administrator must be careful - that the amount of memory usable for all allocations - is not too small. - - movable_node [KNL,X86] Boot-time switch to enable the effects - of CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE=y. See mm/Kconfig for details. - - MTD_Partition= [MTD] - Format: ,,, - - MTD_Region= [MTD] Format: - ,[,,,,] - - mtdparts= [MTD] - See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c. - - multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries - firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries - at a time. - - onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration - - Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock] - - boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND. - The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks. - lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked. - Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed. - 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status. - - mtdset= [ARM] - ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control - - See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c - - mtouchusb.raw_coordinates= - [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates - ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n') - - mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86] - used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk - that could hold holes aka. UC entries. - - mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86] - Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block. - Default is 1. - Large value could prevent small alignment from - using up MTRRs. - - mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86] - Format: - Range: 0,7 : spare reg number - Default : 1 - Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number. - Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more. - - n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card - - netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters - Format: ,,,, - Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean - something different and driver-specific. - This usage is only documented in each driver source - file if at all. - - nf_conntrack.acct= - [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting - 0 to disable accounting - 1 to enable accounting - Default value is 0. - - nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead. - See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt. - - nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes. - See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt. - - nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages. - See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt. - - nfs.callback_nr_threads= - [NFSv4] set the total number of threads that the - NFS client will assign to service NFSv4 callback - requests. - - nfs.callback_tcpport= - [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback - channel should listen. - - nfs.cache_getent= - [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used - to update the NFS client cache entries. - - nfs.cache_getent_timeout= - [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to - update a cache entry is deemed to have failed. - - nfs.idmap_cache_timeout= - [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache - entries. - - nfs.enable_ino64= - [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers. - If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode - number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead - of returning the full 64-bit number. - The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers. - - nfs.max_session_cb_slots= - [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session - slots the client will assign to the callback - channel. This determines the maximum number of - callbacks the client will process in parallel for - a particular server. - - nfs.max_session_slots= - [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session slots - the client will attempt to negotiate with the server. - This limits the number of simultaneous RPC requests - that the client can send to the NFSv4.1 server. - Note that there is little point in setting this - value higher than the max_tcp_slot_table_limit. - - nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping= - [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', this option - ensures that both the RPC level authentication - scheme and the NFS level operations agree to use - numeric uids/gids if the mount is using the - 'sec=sys' security flavour. In effect it is - disabling idmapping, which can make migration from - legacy NFSv2/v3 systems to NFSv4 easier. - Servers that do not support this mode of operation - will be autodetected by the client, and it will fall - back to using the idmapper. - To turn off this behaviour, set the value to '0'. - nfs.nfs4_unique_id= - [NFS4] Specify an additional fixed unique ident- - ification string that NFSv4 clients can insert into - their nfs_client_id4 string. This is typically a - UUID that is generated at system install time. - - nfs.send_implementation_id = - [NFSv4.1] Send client implementation identification - information in exchange_id requests. - If zero, no implementation identification information - will be sent. - The default is to send the implementation identification - information. - - nfs.recover_lost_locks = - [NFSv4] Attempt to recover locks that were lost due - to a lease timeout on the server. Please note that - doing this risks data corruption, since there are - no guarantees that the file will remain unchanged - after the locks are lost. - If you want to enable the kernel legacy behaviour of - attempting to recover these locks, then set this - parameter to '1'. - The default parameter value of '0' causes the kernel - not to attempt recovery of lost locks. - - nfs4.layoutstats_timer = - [NFSv4.2] Change the rate at which the kernel sends - layoutstats to the pNFS metadata server. - - Setting this to value to 0 causes the kernel to use - whatever value is the default set by the layout - driver. A non-zero value sets the minimum interval - in seconds between layoutstats transmissions. - - nfsd.nfs4_disable_idmapping= - [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', the NFSv4 - server will return only numeric uids and gids to - clients using auth_sys, and will accept numeric uids - and gids from such clients. This is intended to ease - migration from NFSv2/v3. - - objlayoutdriver.osd_login_prog= - [NFS] [OBJLAYOUT] sets the pathname to the program which - is used to automatically discover and login into new - osd-targets. Please see: - Documentation/filesystems/pnfs.txt for more explanations - - nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take - when a NMI is triggered. - Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die] - - nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels - Format: [panic,][nopanic,][num] - Valid num: 0 or 1 - 0 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog off - 1 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog on - When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog - timeout occurs (or 'nopanic' to override the opposite - default). To disable both hard and soft lockup detectors, - please see 'nowatchdog'. - This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and - need the box quickly up again. - - netpoll.carrier_timeout= - [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that - netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll - waits 4 seconds. - - no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths - emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor - is present. - - no_console_suspend - [HW] Never suspend the console - Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and - hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging - messages can reach various consoles while the rest - of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while - debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may - not work reliably with all consoles, but is known - to work with serial and VGA consoles. - To facilitate more flexible debugging, we also add - console_suspend, a printk module parameter to control - it. Users could use console_suspend (usually - /sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend) to - turn on/off it dynamically. - - noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien - caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory, - but will impact performance. - - noalign [KNL,ARM] - - noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any - IOAPICs that may be present in the system. - - noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation. - - nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem - on "Classic" PPC cores. - - nocache [ARM] - - noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction - - nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting - - nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time. - - noefi Disable EFI runtime services support. - - noexec [IA-64] - - noexec [X86] - On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels. - noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default) - noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings - - nosmap [X86] - Disable SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention) - even if it is supported by processor. - - nosmep [X86] - Disable SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention) - even if it is supported by processor. - - noexec32 [X86-64] - This affects only 32-bit executables. - noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default) - read doesn't imply executable mappings - noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings - read implies executable mappings - - nofpu [MIPS,SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time. - - nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended - register save and restore. The kernel will only save - legacy floating-point registers on task switch. - - nohugeiomap [KNL,x86] Disable kernel huge I/O mappings. - - nosmt [KNL,S390] Disable symmetric multithreading (SMT). - Equivalent to smt=1. - - noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save - and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to - enabling legacy floating-point and sse state. - - noxsaveopt [X86] Disables xsaveopt used in saving x86 extended - register states. The kernel will fall back to use - xsave to save the states. By using this parameter, - performance of saving the states is degraded because - xsave doesn't support modified optimization while - xsaveopt supports it on xsaveopt enabled systems. - - noxsaves [X86] Disables xsaves and xrstors used in saving and - restoring x86 extended register state in compacted - form of xsave area. The kernel will fall back to use - xsaveopt and xrstor to save and restore the states - in standard form of xsave area. By using this - parameter, xsave area per process might occupy more - memory on xsaves enabled systems. - - nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or - wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to - use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger. - - no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The - only way then for a file to be executed with privilege - is to be setuid root or executed by root. - - nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving - function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases - power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces - interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance - in certain environments such as networked servers or - real-time systems. - - nohibernate [HIBERNATION] Disable hibernation and resume. - - nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks - Valid arguments: on, off - Default: on - - nohz_full= [KNL,BOOT] - The argument is a cpu list, as described above. - In kernels built with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y, set - the specified list of CPUs whose tick will be stopped - whenever possible. The boot CPU will be forced outside - the range to maintain the timekeeping. - The CPUs in this range must also be included in the - rcu_nocbs= set. - - noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses. - - noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and - disable unhandled interrupt sources. - - no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for - broken timer IRQ sources. - - noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code. - - noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured - initial RAM disk. - - nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt - remapping. - [Deprecated - use intremap=off] - - nointroute [IA-64] - - noinvpcid [X86] Disable the INVPCID cpu feature. - - nojitter [IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers. - - no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver - - no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page - fault handling. - - no-steal-acc [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized steal time accounting. - steal time is computed, but won't influence scheduler - behaviour - - nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC. - - nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer. - - noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel - lowmem mapping on PPC40x and PPC8xx - - nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling - - nomce [X86-32] Disable Machine Check Exception - - nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose - Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines). - - nonmi_ipi [X86] Disable using NMI IPIs during panic/reboot to - shutdown the other cpus. Instead use the REBOOT_VECTOR - irq. - - nomodule Disable module load - - nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of - pagetables) support. - - norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to - echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space - - noreplace-paravirt [X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops - - noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions - with UP alternatives - - nordrand [X86] Disable kernel use of the RDRAND and - RDSEED instructions even if they are supported - by the processor. RDRAND and RDSEED are still - available to user space applications. - - noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap - space. - - no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback. - This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille - reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany). - - nosbagart [IA-64] - - nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support. - - nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel, - and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0". - - nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector. - - nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices. - - notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter - - nowatchdog [KNL] Disable both lockup detectors, i.e. - soft-lockup and NMI watchdog (hard-lockup). - - nowb [ARM] - - nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode. - - cpu0_hotplug [X86] Turn on CPU0 hotplug feature when - CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HOTPLUG_CPU0 is off. - Some features depend on CPU0. Known dependencies are: - 1. Resume from suspend/hibernate depends on CPU0. - Suspend/hibernate will fail if CPU0 is offline and you - need to online CPU0 before suspend/hibernate. - 2. PIC interrupts also depend on CPU0. CPU0 can't be - removed if a PIC interrupt is detected. - It's said poweroff/reboot may depend on CPU0 on some - machines although I haven't seen such issues so far - after CPU0 is offline on a few tested machines. - If the dependencies are under your control, you can - turn on cpu0_hotplug. - - nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB - purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or - SAL PALO. - - nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel - could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to - support 'n' processors. It could be larger than the - number of already plugged CPU during bootup, later in - runtime you can physically add extra cpu until it reaches - n. So during boot up some boot time memory for per-cpu - variables need be pre-allocated for later physical cpu - hot plugging. - - nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered. - - numa_balancing= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable automatic NUMA balancing. - Allowed values are enable and disable - - numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA. - one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified - This can be set from sysctl after boot. - See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details. - - ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver. - See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more - info. - - olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands - Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC - command is not properly ACKed, override the length - of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while - waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high - interrupts *may* be lost! - - omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing. - Format: ... - For example, to override I2C bus2: - omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100 - - oprofile.timer= [HW] - Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters - - oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type - This might be useful if you have an older oprofile - userland or if you want common events. - Format: { arch_perfmon } - arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural - perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the - CPU specific event set. - timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI - timer mode (see also oprofile.timer - for generic hr timer mode) - - oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the - process, but there is a small probability of - deadlocking the machine. - This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions. - Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot. - - OSS [HW,OSS] - See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt - - page_owner= [KNL] Boot-time page_owner enabling option. - Storage of the information about who allocated - each page is disabled in default. With this switch, - we can turn it on. - on: enable the feature - - page_poison= [KNL] Boot-time parameter changing the state of - poisoning on the buddy allocator. - off: turn off poisoning - on: turn on poisoning - - panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay - timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting - timeout = 0: wait forever - timeout < 0: reboot immediately - Format: - - panic_on_warn panic() instead of WARN(). Useful to cause kdump - on a WARN(). - - crash_kexec_post_notifiers - Run kdump after running panic-notifiers and dumping - kmsg. This only for the users who doubt kdump always - succeeds in any situation. - Note that this also increases risks of kdump failure, - because some panic notifiers can make the crashed - kernel more unstable. - - parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is - connected to, default is 0. - Format: - parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation, - 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT). - Format: - - parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables. - Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] } - Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any - IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to - ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of - possible conflicts). You can specify the base - address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA - should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected - settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo' - (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected). - Parallel ports are assigned in the order they - are specified on the command line, starting - with parport0. - - parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT] - Configure VIA parallel port to operate in - a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos - computer where firmware has no options for setting - up parallel port mode and sets it to spp. - Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips. - Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp] - - pause_on_oops= - Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for - the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if - your oopses keep scrolling off the screen. - - pcbit= [HW,ISDN] - - pcd. [PARIDE] - See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c. - See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. - - pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options: - earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel - changes anything - off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus - bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access - the hardware directly. Use this if your machine - has a non-standard PCI host bridge. - nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct - hardware access methods are allowed. Use this - if you experience crashes upon bootup and you - suspect they are caused by the BIOS. - conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access - Mechanism 1 (config address in IO port 0xCF8, - data in IO port 0xCFC, both 32-bit). - conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access - Mechanism 2 (IO port 0xCF8 is an 8-bit port for - the function, IO port 0xCFA, also 8-bit, sets - bus number. The config space is then accessed - through ports 0xC000-0xCFFF). - See http://wiki.osdev.org/PCI for more info - on the configuration access mechanisms. - noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is - enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to - disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting. - nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI - root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak). - nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI - Configuration - check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable - properly configured MMIO access to PCI - config space on AMD family 10h CPU - nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is - enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to - disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide. - noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks. - Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This - should never be necessary. - ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the - primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable - boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs - when the system masks IRQs. - noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the - boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to - a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled. - The opposite of ioapicreroute. - biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt - routing table. These calls are known to be buggy - on several machines and they hang the machine - when used, but on other computers it's the only - way to get the interrupt routing table. Try - this option if the kernel is unable to allocate - IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your - motherboard. - rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs. - Use with caution as certain devices share - address decoders between ROMs and other - resources. - norom [X86] Do not assign address space to - expansion ROMs that do not already have - BIOS assigned address ranges. - nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the - BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS. - irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be - assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can - make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards - this way. - pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address - of the PIRQ table (normally generated - by the BIOS) if it is outside the - F0000h-100000h range. - lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be - useful if the kernel is unable to find your - secondary buses and you want to tell it - explicitly which ones they are. - assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus - numbers ourselves, overriding - whatever the firmware may have done. - usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored - in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on - some systems with broken BIOSes, notably - some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3 - notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI - IRQ routing is enabled. - noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing - or for PCI scanning. - use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information - from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this - is enabled by default. If you need to use this, - please report a bug. - nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI. - If you need to use this, please report a bug. - routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices. - This is normally done in pci_enable_device(), - so this option is a temporary workaround - for broken drivers that don't call it. - skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can - handle more pci cards - noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning. - This might help on some broken boards which - machine check when some devices' config space - is read. But various workarounds are disabled - and some IOMMU drivers will not work. - bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order. - This sorting is done to get a device - order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels. - nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order. - pcie_bus_tune_off Disable PCIe MPS (Max Payload Size) - tuning and use the BIOS-configured MPS defaults. - pcie_bus_safe Set every device's MPS to the largest value - supported by all devices below the root complex. - pcie_bus_perf Set device MPS to the largest allowable MPS - based on its parent bus. Also set MRRS (Max - Read Request Size) to the largest supported - value (no larger than the MPS that the device - or bus can support) for best performance. - pcie_bus_peer2peer Set every device's MPS to 128B, which - every device is guaranteed to support. This - configuration allows peer-to-peer DMA between - any pair of devices, possibly at the cost of - reduced performance. This also guarantees - that hot-added devices will work. - cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is - reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window. - The default value is 256 bytes. - cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is - reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory - window. The default value is 64 megabytes. - resource_alignment= - Format: - [@][:]:.[; ...] - [@]pci::\ - [::][; ...] - Specifies alignment and device to reassign - aligned memory resources. - If is not specified, - PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment. - PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource - windows need to be expanded. - To specify the alignment for several - instances of a device, the PCI vendor, - device, subvendor, and subdevice may be - specified, e.g., 4096@pci:8086:9c22:103c:198f - ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer - end-to-end CRC checking). - bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the - the default. - off: Turn ECRC off - on: Turn ECRC on. - hpiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is - reserved for hotplug bridge's IO window. - Default size is 256 bytes. - hpmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is - reserved for hotplug bridge's memory window. - Default size is 2 megabytes. - hpbussize=nn The minimum amount of additional bus numbers - reserved for buses below a hotplug bridge. - Default is 1. - realloc= Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources - if allocations done by BIOS are too small to - accommodate resources required by all child - devices. - off: Turn realloc off - on: Turn realloc on - realloc same as realloc=on - noari do not use PCIe ARI. - pcie_scan_all Scan all possible PCIe devices. Otherwise we - only look for one device below a PCIe downstream - port. - - pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power - Management. - off Disable ASPM. - force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it. - WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups. - - pcie_hp= [PCIE] PCI Express Hotplug driver options: - nomsi Do not use MSI for PCI Express Native Hotplug (this - makes all PCIe ports use INTx for hotplug services). - - pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling: - auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services - associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use - them only if that is allowed by the BIOS. - native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports - unconditionally. - compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe - ports driver. - - pcie_port_pm= [PCIE] PCIe port power management handling: - off Disable power management of all PCIe ports - force Forcibly enable power management of all PCIe ports - - pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options: - nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes - all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services). - - pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4 - - pd_ignore_unused - [PM] - Keep all power-domains already enabled by bootloader on, - even if no driver has claimed them. This is useful - for debug and development, but should not be - needed on a platform with proper driver support. - - pd. [PARIDE] - See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. - - pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at - boot time. - Format: { 0 | 1 } - See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c - - percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use. - Currently supported values are "embed" and "page". - Archs may support subset or none of the selections. - See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each - allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging - and performance comparison. - - pf. [PARIDE] - See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. - - pg. [PARIDE] - See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. - - pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup - See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt. - - plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link - Format: { parport | timid | 0 } - See also Documentation/parport.txt. - - pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port. - Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value. - e.g. pmtmr=0x508 - - pnp.debug=1 [PNP] - Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the - CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time - via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug. We always show - current resource usage; turning this on also shows - possible settings and some assignment information. - - pnpacpi= [ACPI] - { off } - - pnpbios= [ISAPNP] - { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res } - - pnp_reserve_irq= - [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration - - pnp_reserve_dma= - [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration - - pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration - Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size). - - pnp_reserve_mem= - [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the - autoconfiguration. - Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size). - - ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module - Default is 21. - Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports - may be specified. - Format: ,.... - - ppc_strict_facility_enable - [PPC] This option catches any kernel floating point, - Altivec, VSX and SPE outside of regions specifically - allowed (eg kernel_enable_fpu()/kernel_disable_fpu()). - There is some performance impact when enabling this. - - print-fatal-signals= - [KNL] debug: print fatal signals - - If enabled, warn about various signal handling - related application anomalies: too many signals, - too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a - coredump - etc. - - If you hit the warning due to signal overflow, - you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited". - - default: off. - - printk.always_kmsg_dump= - Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or - panics - Format: (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable) - default: disabled - - printk.devkmsg={on,off,ratelimit} - Control writing to /dev/kmsg. - on - unlimited logging to /dev/kmsg from userspace - off - logging to /dev/kmsg disabled - ratelimit - ratelimit the logging - Default: ratelimit - - printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line - Format: (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable) - - processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI] - Limit processor to maximum C-state - max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit. - - processor.nocst [HW,ACPI] - Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states, - instead using the legacy FADT method - - profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile - Format: [schedule,] - Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points. - Param: - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for - statistical time based profiling. - Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs). - Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS - Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits. - - prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk - before loading. - See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt. - - psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to - probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any). - psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports - per second. - psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE] - Try to reset the device after so many bad packets - (0 = never). - psmouse.resolution= - [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi. - psmouse.smartscroll= - [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat. - 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default). - - pstore.backend= Specify the name of the pstore backend to use - - pt. [PARIDE] - See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. - - pty.legacy_count= - [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in - default number. - - quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages - - r128= [HW,DRM] - - raid= [HW,RAID] - See Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst. - - ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes - See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt. - - rcu_nocbs= [KNL] - The argument is a cpu list, as described above. - - In kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y, set - the specified list of CPUs to be no-callback CPUs. - Invocation of these CPUs' RCU callbacks will - be offloaded to "rcuox/N" kthreads created for - that purpose, where "x" is "b" for RCU-bh, "p" - for RCU-preempt, and "s" for RCU-sched, and "N" - is the CPU number. This reduces OS jitter on the - offloaded CPUs, which can be useful for HPC and - real-time workloads. It can also improve energy - efficiency for asymmetric multiprocessors. - - rcu_nocb_poll [KNL] - Rather than requiring that offloaded CPUs - (specified by rcu_nocbs= above) explicitly - awaken the corresponding "rcuoN" kthreads, - make these kthreads poll for callbacks. - This improves the real-time response for the - offloaded CPUs by relieving them of the need to - wake up the corresponding kthread, but degrades - energy efficiency by requiring that the kthreads - periodically wake up to do the polling. - - rcutree.blimit= [KNL] - Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to - process in one batch. - - rcutree.dump_tree= [KNL] - Dump the structure of the rcu_node combining tree - out at early boot. This is used for diagnostic - purposes, to verify correct tree setup. - - rcutree.gp_cleanup_delay= [KNL] - Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of - RCU grace-period cleanup. This only has effect - when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_CLEANUP is set. - - rcutree.gp_init_delay= [KNL] - Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of - RCU grace-period initialization. This only has - effect when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_INIT - is set. - - rcutree.gp_preinit_delay= [KNL] - Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of - RCU grace-period pre-initialization, that is, - the propagation of recent CPU-hotplug changes up - the rcu_node combining tree. This only has effect - when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_PREINIT is set. - - rcutree.rcu_fanout_exact= [KNL] - Disable autobalancing of the rcu_node combining - tree. This is used by rcutorture, and might - possibly be useful for architectures having high - cache-to-cache transfer latencies. - - rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf= [KNL] - Change the number of CPUs assigned to each - leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very - large systems, which will choose the value 64, - and for NUMA systems with large remote-access - latencies, which will choose a value aligned - with the appropriate hardware boundaries. - - rcutree.jiffies_till_sched_qs= [KNL] - Set required age in jiffies for a - given grace period before RCU starts - soliciting quiescent-state help from - rcu_note_context_switch(). - - rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL] - Set delay from grace-period initialization to - first attempt to force quiescent states. - Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero, - and maximum value is HZ. - - rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL] - Set delay between subsequent attempts to force - quiescent states. Units are jiffies, minimum - value is one, and maximum value is HZ. - - rcutree.kthread_prio= [KNL,BOOT] - Set the SCHED_FIFO priority of the RCU per-CPU - kthreads (rcuc/N). This value is also used for - the priority of the RCU boost threads (rcub/N) - and for the RCU grace-period kthreads (rcu_bh, - rcu_preempt, and rcu_sched). If RCU_BOOST is - set, valid values are 1-99 and the default is 1 - (the least-favored priority). Otherwise, when - RCU_BOOST is not set, valid values are 0-99 and - the default is zero (non-realtime operation). - - rcutree.rcu_nocb_leader_stride= [KNL] - Set the number of NOCB kthread groups, which - defaults to the square root of the number of - CPUs. Larger numbers reduces the wakeup overhead - on the per-CPU grace-period kthreads, but increases - that same overhead on each group's leader. - - rcutree.qhimark= [KNL] - Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks beyond which - batch limiting is disabled. - - rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL] - Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which - batch limiting is re-enabled. - - rcutree.rcu_idle_gp_delay= [KNL] - Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have - RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y). - - rcutree.rcu_idle_lazy_gp_delay= [KNL] - Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have - only "lazy" RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y). - Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can - prove do nothing more than free memory. - - rcuperf.gp_exp= [KNL] - Measure performance of expedited synchronous - grace-period primitives. - - rcuperf.holdoff= [KNL] - Set test-start holdoff period. The purpose of - this parameter is to delay the start of the - test until boot completes in order to avoid - interference. - - rcuperf.nreaders= [KNL] - Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects - N, where N is the number of CPUs. A value - "n" less than -1 selects N-n+1, where N is again - the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N - (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on. - A value of "n" less than or equal to -N selects - a single reader. - - rcuperf.nwriters= [KNL] - Set number of RCU writers. The values operate - the same as for rcuperf.nreaders. - N, where N is the number of CPUs - - rcuperf.perf_runnable= [BOOT] - Start rcuperf running at boot time. - - rcuperf.shutdown= [KNL] - Shut the system down after performance tests - complete. This is useful for hands-off automated - testing. - - rcuperf.perf_type= [KNL] - Specify the RCU implementation to test. - - rcuperf.verbose= [KNL] - Enable additional printk() statements. - - rcutorture.cbflood_inter_holdoff= [KNL] - Set holdoff time (jiffies) between successive - callback-flood tests. - - rcutorture.cbflood_intra_holdoff= [KNL] - Set holdoff time (jiffies) between successive - bursts of callbacks within a given callback-flood - test. - - rcutorture.cbflood_n_burst= [KNL] - Set the number of bursts making up a given - callback-flood test. Set this to zero to - disable callback-flood testing. - - rcutorture.cbflood_n_per_burst= [KNL] - Set the number of callbacks to be registered - in a given burst of a callback-flood test. - - rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL] - Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts - in microseconds. - - rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL] - Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts - in microseconds. - - rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL] - Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts - in seconds. - - rcutorture.gp_cond= [KNL] - Use conditional/asynchronous update-side - primitives, if available. - - rcutorture.gp_exp= [KNL] - Use expedited update-side primitives, if available. - - rcutorture.gp_normal= [KNL] - Use normal (non-expedited) asynchronous - update-side primitives, if available. - - rcutorture.gp_sync= [KNL] - Use normal (non-expedited) synchronous - update-side primitives, if available. If all - of rcutorture.gp_cond=, rcutorture.gp_exp=, - rcutorture.gp_normal=, and rcutorture.gp_sync= - are zero, rcutorture acts as if is interpreted - they are all non-zero. - - rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL] - Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing. - - rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL] - Set number of concurrent RCU writers. These just - stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual - test, hence the "fake". - - rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL] - Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects - N-1, where N is the number of CPUs. A value - "n" less than -1 selects N-n-2, where N is again - the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N - (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on. - - rcutorture.object_debug= [KNL] - Enable debug-object double-call_rcu() testing. - - rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL] - Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing. - - rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL] - Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or - zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing. - - rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL] - Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks - allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode - during the rcutorture test. - - rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL] - Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This - is useful for hands-off automated testing. - - rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL] - Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall - warnings, zero to disable. - - rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL] - Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall. - - rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL] - Time (s) between statistics printk()s. - - rcutorture.stutter= [KNL] - Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying - five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds, - wait for five seconds, and so on. This tests RCU's - ability to transition abruptly to and from idle. - - rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL] - Test RCU priority boosting? 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes. - "Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation - under test support RCU priority boosting. - - rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL] - Duration (s) of each individual boost test. - - rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL] - Interval (s) between each boost test. - - rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL] - Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the - rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter. - - rcutorture.torture_runnable= [BOOT] - Start rcutorture running at boot time. - - rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL] - Specify the RCU implementation to test. - - rcutorture.verbose= [KNL] - Enable additional printk() statements. - - rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL] - Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages. - - rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL] - Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages. - - rcupdate.rcu_expedited= [KNL] - Use expedited grace-period primitives, for - example, synchronize_rcu_expedited() instead - of synchronize_rcu(). This reduces latency, - but can increase CPU utilization, degrade - real-time latency, and degrade energy efficiency. - No effect on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels. - - rcupdate.rcu_normal= [KNL] - Use only normal grace-period primitives, - for example, synchronize_rcu() instead of - synchronize_rcu_expedited(). This improves - real-time latency, CPU utilization, and - energy efficiency, but can expose users to - increased grace-period latency. This parameter - overrides rcupdate.rcu_expedited. No effect on - CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels. - - rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot= [KNL] - Once boot has completed (that is, after - rcu_end_inkernel_boot() has been invoked), use - only normal grace-period primitives. No effect - on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels. - - rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_timeout= [KNL] - Set timeout in jiffies for RCU task stall warning - messages. Disable with a value less than or equal - to zero. - - rcupdate.rcu_self_test= [KNL] - Run the RCU early boot self tests - - rcupdate.rcu_self_test_bh= [KNL] - Run the RCU bh early boot self tests - - rcupdate.rcu_self_test_sched= [KNL] - Run the RCU sched early boot self tests - - rdinit= [KNL] - Format: - Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk, - used for early userspace startup. See initrd. - - reboot= [KNL] - Format (x86 or x86_64): - [w[arm] | c[old] | h[ard] | s[oft] | g[pio]] \ - [[,]s[mp]#### \ - [[,]b[ios] | a[cpi] | k[bd] | t[riple] | e[fi] | p[ci]] \ - [[,]f[orce] - Where reboot_mode is one of warm (soft) or cold (hard) or gpio, - reboot_type is one of bios, acpi, kbd, triple, efi, or pci, - reboot_force is either force or not specified, - reboot_cpu is s[mp]#### with #### being the processor - to be used for rebooting. - - relax_domain_level= - [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level. - See Documentation/cgroup-v1/cpusets.txt. - - relative_sleep_states= - [SUSPEND] Use sleep state labeling where the deepest - state available other than hibernation is always "mem". - Format: { "0" | "1" } - 0 -- Traditional sleep state labels. - 1 -- Relative sleep state labels. - - reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area - - reservetop= [X86-32] - Format: nn[KMG] - Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual - address space. - - reservelow= [X86] - Format: nn[K] - Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at - the bottom of the address space. - - reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device - during initialization. - - resume= [SWSUSP] - Specify the partition device for software suspend - Format: - {/dev/ | PARTUUID= | : | } - - resume_offset= [SWSUSP] - Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition - given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located, - in units (needed only for swap files). - See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt - - resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to - read the resume files - - resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up. - Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously - (e.g. USB and MMC devices). - - hibernate= [HIBERNATION] - noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image - present during boot. - nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images. - no Disable hibernation and resume. - protect_image Turn on image protection during restoration - (that will set all pages holding image data - during restoration read-only). - - retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction - - rfkill.default_state= - 0 "airplane mode". All wifi, bluetooth, wimax, gps, fm, - etc. communication is blocked by default. - 1 Unblocked. - - rfkill.master_switch_mode= - 0 The "airplane mode" button does nothing. - 1 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything - blocked and the previous configuration. - 2 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything - blocked and everything unblocked. - - rhash_entries= [KNL,NET] - Set number of hash buckets for route cache - - ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot - - rodata= [KNL] - on Mark read-only kernel memory as read-only (default). - off Leave read-only kernel memory writable for debugging. - - rockchip.usb_uart - Enable the uart passthrough on the designated usb port - on Rockchip SoCs. When active, the signals of the - debug-uart get routed to the D+ and D- pins of the usb - port and the regular usb controller gets disabled. - - root= [KNL] Root filesystem - See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c. - - rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to - mount the root filesystem - - rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string - - rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type - - rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up. - Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously - (e.g. USB and MMC devices). - - rproc_mem=nn[KMG][@address] - [KNL,ARM,CMA] Remoteproc physical memory block. - Memory area to be used by remote processor image, - managed by CMA. - - rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot - - S [KNL] Run init in single mode - - s390_iommu= [HW,S390] - Set s390 IOTLB flushing mode - strict - With strict flushing every unmap operation will result in - an IOTLB flush. Default is lazy flushing before reuse, - which is faster. - - sa1100ir [NET] - See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c. - - sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter - - sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages. - - schedstats= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable scheduled statistics. - Allowed values are enable and disable. This feature - incurs a small amount of overhead in the scheduler - but is useful for debugging and performance tuning. - - skew_tick= [KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate - xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock - contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set. - Format: { "0" | "1" } - 0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1" - 1 -- enable. - Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be - enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads. - - security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot. - If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first - security module asking for security registration will be - loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated - as if no module has been chosen. - - selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time. - Format: { "0" | "1" } - See security/selinux/Kconfig help text. - 0 -- disable. - 1 -- enable. - Default value is set via kernel config option. - If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used - later to disable prior to initial policy load. - - apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time - Format: { "0" | "1" } - See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text - 0 -- disable. - 1 -- enable. - Default value is set via kernel config option. - - serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32] - - shapers= [NET] - Maximal number of shapers. - - show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings - Format: { } - Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings. - The parameter means the number of CPUs to show, - for example 1 means boot CPU only. - - simeth= [IA-64] - simscsi= - - slram= [HW,MTD] - - slab_nomerge [MM] - Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be - necessary if there is some reason to distinguish - allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable - merging on their own. - For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt. - - slab_max_order= [MM, SLAB] - Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs. - A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory - fragmentation. Defaults to 1 for systems with - more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise. - - slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB] - Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the - culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling - slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and - may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the - last alloc / free. For more information see - Documentation/vm/slub.txt. - - slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB] - Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs. - A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory - fragmentation. For more information see - Documentation/vm/slub.txt. - - slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB] - The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will - increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to - generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain - the number of objects indicated. The higher the number - of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs - and the less frequently locks need to be acquired. - For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt. - - slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB] - Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be - lower than slub_max_order. - For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt. - - slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB] - Same with slab_nomerge. This is supported for legacy. - See slab_nomerge for more information. - - smart2= [HW] - Format: [,[,...,]] - - smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices - smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port - smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port - smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port - smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line - smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel - smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type: - 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select) - 1: Fast pin select (default) - 2: ATC IRMode - - smt [KNL,S390] Set the maximum number of threads (logical - CPUs) to use per physical CPU on systems capable of - symmetric multithreading (SMT). Will be capped to the - actual hardware limit. - Format: - Default: -1 (no limit) - - softlockup_panic= - [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics. - Format: - - softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace= - [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate - backtraces on all cpus. - Format: - - sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver - See Documentation/laptops/sonypi.txt - - spia_io_base= [HW,MTD] - spia_fio_base= - spia_pedr= - spia_peddr= - - stacktrace [FTRACE] - Enabled the stack tracer on boot up. - - stacktrace_filter=[function-list] - [FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer - will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated - list of functions. This list can be changed at run - time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs - tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing - and the stacktrace above is not needed. - - sti= [PARISC,HW] - Format: - Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC - machines) console (graphic card) which should be used - as the initial boot-console. - See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c. - - sti_font= [HW] - See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c. - - stifb= [HW] - Format: bpp:[:[:...]] - - sunrpc.min_resvport= - sunrpc.max_resvport= - [NFS,SUNRPC] - SunRPC servers often require that client requests - originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the - range 0 < portnr < 1024). - An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these - ports for other uses may adjust the range that the - kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged - using these two parameters to set the minimum and - maximum port values. - - sunrpc.svc_rpc_per_connection_limit= - [NFS,SUNRPC] - Limit the number of requests that the server will - process in parallel from a single connection. - The default value is 0 (no limit). - - sunrpc.pool_mode= - [NFS] - Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to - service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs - you have and where their interrupts are bound, this - option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving. - Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the - NFS server is running. - - auto the server chooses an appropriate mode - automatically using heuristics - global a single global pool contains all CPUs - percpu one pool for each CPU - pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent - to global on non-NUMA machines) - - sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries= - sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries= - [NFS,SUNRPC] - Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous - RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a - server. Increasing these values may allow you to - improve throughput, but will also increase the - amount of memory reserved for use by the client. - - suspend.pm_test_delay= - [SUSPEND] - Sets the number of seconds to remain in a suspend test - mode before resuming the system (see - /sys/power/pm_test). Only available when CONFIG_PM_DEBUG - is set. Default value is 5. - - swapaccount=[0|1] - [KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource - controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable - it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt) - - swiotlb= [ARM,IA-64,PPC,MIPS,X86] - Format: { | force } - -- Number of I/O TLB slabs - force -- force using of bounce buffers even if they - wouldn't be automatically used by the kernel - - switches= [HW,M68k] - - sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL] - Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev - on older distributions. When this option is enabled - very new udev will not work anymore. When this option - is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled) - in older udev will not work anymore. - Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in - the kernel configuration. - - sysrq_always_enabled - [KNL] - Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will - neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq. - Useful for debugging. - - tcpmhash_entries= [KNL,NET] - Set the number of tcp_metrics_hash slots. - Default value is 8192 or 16384 depending on total - ram pages. This is used to specify the TCP metrics - cache size. See Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt - "tcp_no_metrics_save" section for more details. - - tdfx= [HW,DRM] - - test_suspend= [SUSPEND][,N] - Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for - standby suspend) or "freeze" (for suspend type freeze) - as the system sleep state during system startup with - the optional capability to repeat N number of times. - The system is woken from this state using a - wakeup-capable RTC alarm. - - thash_entries= [KNL,NET] - Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection - - thermal.act= [HW,ACPI] - -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones - : override all lowest active trip points - - thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI] - -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones - : override all critical trip points - - thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI] - Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone - critical and hot trip points. - - thermal.off= [HW,ACPI] - 1: disable ACPI thermal control - - thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI] - -1: disable all passive trip points - : override all passive trip points to this - value - - thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI] - Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate - : poll all this frequency - 0: no polling (default) - - threadirqs [KNL] - Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those - marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD. - - tmem [KNL,XEN] - Enable the Transcendent memory driver if built-in. - - tmem.cleancache=0|1 [KNL, XEN] - Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the cleancache - API to send anonymous pages to the hypervisor. - - tmem.frontswap=0|1 [KNL, XEN] - Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the frontswap - API to send swap pages to the hypervisor. If disabled - the selfballooning and selfshrinking are force disabled. - - tmem.selfballooning=0|1 [KNL, XEN] - Default is on (1). Disable the driving of swap pages - to the hypervisor. - - tmem.selfshrinking=0|1 [KNL, XEN] - Default is on (1). Partial swapoff that immediately - transfers pages from Xen hypervisor back to the - kernel based on different criteria. - - topology= [S390] - Format: {off | on} - Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu - topology information if the hardware supports this. - The scheduler will make use of this information and - e.g. base its process migration decisions on it. - Default is on. - - topology_updates= [KNL, PPC, NUMA] - Format: {off} - Specify if the kernel should ignore (off) - topology updates sent by the hypervisor to this - LPAR. - - tp720= [HW,PS2] - - tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM] - Format: integer pcr id - Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver - should extend the specified pcr with zeros, - as a workaround for some chips which fail to - flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState. - This will guarantee that all the other pcrs - are saved. - - trace_buf_size=nn[KMG] - [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size on each cpu. - - trace_event=[event-list] - [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order - to facilitate early boot debugging. The event-list is a - comma separated list of trace events to enable. See - also Documentation/trace/events.txt - - trace_options=[option-list] - [FTRACE] Enable or disable tracer options at boot. - The option-list is a comma delimited list of options - that can be enabled or disabled just as if you were - to echo the option name into - - /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_options - - For example, to enable stacktrace option (to dump the - stack trace of each event), add to the command line: - - trace_options=stacktrace - - See also Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt "trace options" - section. - - tp_printk[FTRACE] - Have the tracepoints sent to printk as well as the - tracing ring buffer. This is useful for early boot up - where the system hangs or reboots and does not give the - option for reading the tracing buffer or performing a - ftrace_dump_on_oops. - - To turn off having tracepoints sent to printk, - echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/tracepoint_printk - Note, echoing 1 into this file without the - tracepoint_printk kernel cmdline option has no effect. - - ** CAUTION ** - - Having tracepoints sent to printk() and activating high - frequency tracepoints such as irq or sched, can cause - the system to live lock. - - traceoff_on_warning - [FTRACE] enable this option to disable tracing when a - warning is hit. This turns off "tracing_on". Tracing can - be enabled again by echoing '1' into the "tracing_on" - file located in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/ - - This option is useful, as it disables the trace before - the WARNING dump is called, which prevents the trace to - be filled with content caused by the warning output. - - This option can also be set at run time via the sysctl - option: kernel/traceoff_on_warning - - transparent_hugepage= - [KNL] - Format: [always|madvise|never] - Can be used to control the default behavior of the system - with respect to transparent hugepages. - See Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt for more details. - - tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC. - Format: - [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this - disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well - as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable - high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in - virtualized environment. - [x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting. - Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any - platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting - can add overhead. - - turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY] - TurboGraFX parallel port interface - Format: - ,,,,,,, - See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt - - udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that - happen after console_init() and before a proper - console driver takes over, this boot options might - help "seeing" what's going on. - - uhash_entries= [KNL,NET] - Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections - - uhci-hcd.ignore_oc= - [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N). - Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of - bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to - anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming. - Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be - reported either. - - unknown_nmi_panic - [X86] Cause panic on unknown NMI. - - usbcore.authorized_default= - [USB] Default USB device authorization: - (default -1 = authorized except for wireless USB, - 0 = not authorized, 1 = authorized) - - usbcore.autosuspend= - [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used - for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This - is the time required before an idle device will be - autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set - to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all. - - usbcore.usbfs_snoop= - [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off). - - usbcore.usbfs_snoop_max= - [USB] Maximum number of bytes to snoop in each URB - (default = 65536). - - usbcore.blinkenlights= - [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off). - - usbcore.old_scheme_first= - [USB] Start with the old device initialization - scheme (default 0 = off). - - usbcore.usbfs_memory_mb= - [USB] Memory limit (in MB) for buffers allocated by - usbfs (default = 16, 0 = max = 2047). - - usbcore.use_both_schemes= - [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme - if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled). - - usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout= - [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte - USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds - (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds). - - usbcore.nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem - - usbhid.mousepoll= - [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at. - - usb-storage.delay_use= - [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is - scanned for Logical Units (default 1). - - usb-storage.quirks= - [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or - override the built-in unusual_devs list. List - entries are separated by commas. Each entry has - the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor - and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and - Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding - to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows: - a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes - of sense data); - b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18 - bytes of sense data); - c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported - device capacity by one sector); - d = NO_READ_DISC_INFO (don't use - READ_DISC_INFO command); - e = NO_READ_CAPACITY_16 (don't use - READ_CAPACITY_16 command); - f = NO_REPORT_OPCODES (don't use report opcodes - command, uas only); - g = MAX_SECTORS_240 (don't transfer more than - 240 sectors at a time, uas only); - h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the - reported device capacity by one - sector if the number is odd); - i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this - device); - j = NO_REPORT_LUNS (don't use report luns - command, uas only); - l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and - unlock ejectable media); - m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more - than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time); - n = INITIAL_READ10 (force a retry of the - initial READ(10) command); - o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity - reported by the device); - p = WRITE_CACHE (the device cache is ON - by default); - r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports - bogus residue values); - s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one - Logical Unit); - t = NO_ATA_1X (don't allow ATA(12) and ATA(16) - commands, uas only); - u = IGNORE_UAS (don't bind to the uas driver); - w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the - medium is write-protected). - y = ALWAYS_SYNC (issue a SYNCHRONIZE_CACHE - even if the device claims no cache) - Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc - - user_debug= [KNL,ARM] - Format: - See arch/arm/Kconfig.debug help text. - 1 - undefined instruction events - 2 - system calls - 4 - invalid data aborts - 8 - SIGSEGV faults - 16 - SIGBUS faults - Example: user_debug=31 - - userpte= - [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations. - - nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in - HIGHMEM regardless of setting - of CONFIG_HIGHPTE. - - vdso= [X86,SH] - On X86_32, this is an alias for vdso32=. Otherwise: - - vdso=1: enable VDSO (the default) - vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping - - vdso32= [X86] Control the 32-bit vDSO - vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO - vdso32=0 or vdso32=2: disable 32-bit VDSO - - See the help text for CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO for more - details. If CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO is set, the default is - vdso32=0; otherwise, the default is vdso32=1. - - For compatibility with older kernels, vdso32=2 is an - alias for vdso32=0. - - Try vdso32=0 if you encounter an error that says: - dl_main: Assertion `(void *) ph->p_vaddr == _rtld_local._dl_sysinfo_dso' failed! - - vector= [IA-64,SMP] - vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain - - video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration - See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt. - - video.brightness_switch_enabled= [0,1] - If set to 1, on receiving an ACPI notify event - generated by hotkey, video driver will adjust brightness - level and then send out the event to user space through - the allocated input device; If set to 0, video driver - will only send out the event without touching backlight - brightness level. - default: 1 - - virtio_mmio.device= - [VMMIO] Memory mapped virtio (platform) device. - - @:[:] - where: - := size (can use standard suffixes - like K, M and G) - := physical base address - := interrupt number (as passed to - request_irq()) - := (optional) platform device id - example: - virtio_mmio.device=1K@0x100b0000:48:7 - - Can be used multiple times for multiple devices. - - vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode - See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and - Documentation/svga.txt. - Use vga=ask for menu. - This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is - passed to the kernel using a special protocol. - - vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact - size of . This can be used to increase the - minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to - decrease the size and leave more room for directly - mapped kernel RAM. - - vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt. - Format: - - vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic. - Format: - - vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off. - Format: - - vsyscall= [X86-64] - Controls the behavior of vsyscalls (i.e. calls to - fixed addresses of 0xffffffffff600x00 from legacy - code). Most statically-linked binaries and older - versions of glibc use these calls. Because these - functions are at fixed addresses, they make nice - targets for exploits that can control RIP. - - emulate [default] Vsyscalls turn into traps and are - emulated reasonably safely. - - native Vsyscalls are native syscall instructions. - This is a little bit faster than trapping - and makes a few dynamic recompilers work - better than they would in emulation mode. - It also makes exploits much easier to write. - - none Vsyscalls don't work at all. This makes - them quite hard to use for exploits but - might break your system. - - vt.color= [VT] Default text color. - Format: 0xYX, X = foreground, Y = background. - Default: 0x07 = light gray on black. - - vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape. - Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as - the parameters of the [?A;B;Cc escape sequence; - see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline. - - vt.default_blu= [VT] - Format: ,,,..., - Change the default blue palette of the console. - This is a 16-member array composed of values - ranging from 0-255. - - vt.default_grn= [VT] - Format: ,,,..., - Change the default green palette of the console. - This is a 16-member array composed of values - ranging from 0-255. - - vt.default_red= [VT] - Format: ,,,..., - Change the default red palette of the console. - This is a 16-member array composed of values - ranging from 0-255. - - vt.default_utf8= - [VT] - Format=<0|1> - Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's. - Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all - newly opened terminals. - - vt.global_cursor_default= - [VT] - Format=<-1|0|1> - Set system-wide default for whether a cursor - is shown on new VTs. Default is -1, - i.e. cursors will be created by default unless - overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide - cursors, 1 will display them. - - vt.italic= [VT] Default color for italic text; 0-15. - Default: 2 = green. - - vt.underline= [VT] Default color for underlined text; 0-15. - Default: 3 = cyan. - - watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers, - see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt - or other driver-specific files in the - Documentation/watchdog/ directory. - - workqueue.watchdog_thresh= - If CONFIG_WQ_WATCHDOG is configured, workqueue can - warn stall conditions and dump internal state to - help debugging. 0 disables workqueue stall - detection; otherwise, it's the stall threshold - duration in seconds. The default value is 30 and - it can be updated at runtime by writing to the - corresponding sysfs file. - - workqueue.disable_numa - By default, all work items queued to unbound - workqueues are affine to the NUMA nodes they're - issued on, which results in better behavior in - general. If NUMA affinity needs to be disabled for - whatever reason, this option can be used. Note - that this also can be controlled per-workqueue for - workqueues visible under /sys/bus/workqueue/. - - workqueue.power_efficient - Per-cpu workqueues are generally preferred because - they show better performance thanks to cache - locality; unfortunately, per-cpu workqueues tend to - be more power hungry than unbound workqueues. - - Enabling this makes the per-cpu workqueues which - were observed to contribute significantly to power - consumption unbound, leading to measurably lower - power usage at the cost of small performance - overhead. - - The default value of this parameter is determined by - the config option CONFIG_WQ_POWER_EFFICIENT_DEFAULT. - - workqueue.debug_force_rr_cpu - Workqueue used to implicitly guarantee that work - items queued without explicit CPU specified are put - on the local CPU. This guarantee is no longer true - and while local CPU is still preferred work items - may be put on foreign CPUs. This debug option - forces round-robin CPU selection to flush out - usages which depend on the now broken guarantee. - When enabled, memory and cache locality will be - impacted. - - x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of - default x2apic cluster mode on platforms - supporting x2apic. - - x86_intel_mid_timer= [X86-32,APBT] - Choose timer option for x86 Intel MID platform. - Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer - plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer. - x86_intel_mid_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt - - xen_512gb_limit [KNL,X86-64,XEN] - Restricts the kernel running paravirtualized under Xen - to use only up to 512 GB of RAM. The reason to do so is - crash analysis tools and Xen tools for doing domain - save/restore/migration must be enabled to handle larger - domains. - - xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN] - Unplug Xen emulated devices - Format: [unplug0,][unplug1] - ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices - aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices - nics -- unplug network devices - all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks) - unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is - unnecessary even if the host did not respond to - the unplug protocol - never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds - - xen_nopvspin [X86,XEN] - Disables the ticketlock slowpath using Xen PV - optimizations. - - xen_nopv [X86] - Disables the PV optimizations forcing the HVM guest to - run as generic HVM guest with no PV drivers. - - xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA] - Format: - ,,,,,[,[,[,]]] - ------------------------- +.. include:: kernel-parameters.txt + :literal: Todo ---- diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e48c5632bd6c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4367 @@ + acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86,ARM64] + Advanced Configuration and Power Interface + Format: { force | on | off | strict | noirq | rsdt | + copy_dsdt } + force -- enable ACPI if default was off + on -- enable ACPI but allow fallback to DT [arm64] + off -- disable ACPI if default was on + noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing + strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not + strictly ACPI specification compliant. + rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT + copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory + For ARM64, ONLY "acpi=off", "acpi=on" or "acpi=force" + are available + + See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt, pci=noacpi + + acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC] + Format: + 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available + 1,0: use 1st APIC table + default: 0 + + acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI] + acpi_backlight=vendor + acpi_backlight=video + If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver + (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead + of the ACPI video.ko driver. + + acpi_force_32bit_fadt_addr + force FADT to use 32 bit addresses rather than the + 64 bit X_* addresses. Some firmware have broken 64 + bit addresses for force ACPI ignore these and use + the older legacy 32 bit addresses. + + acpica_no_return_repair [HW, ACPI] + Disable AML predefined validation mechanism + This mechanism can repair the evaluation result to make + the return objects more ACPI specification compliant. + This option is useful for developers to identify the + root cause of an AML interpreter issue when the issue + has something to do with the repair mechanism. + + acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG] + acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG] + Format: + CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI + debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a + _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g., + #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT + Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in + ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g., + ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ... + The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See + Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about + debug layers and levels. + + Enable processor driver info messages: + acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000 + Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages: + acpi.debug_layer=0x400000 + Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug + object while interpreting AML: + acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2 + Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware: + acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff + + Some values produce so much output that the system is + unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful + if you need to capture more output. + + acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI] + { strict | lax | no } + Check for resource conflicts between native drivers + and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory + only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be + used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and + can interfere with legacy drivers. + strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI + is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved + resources will fail to bind to device using them. + lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed; + legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources + will bind successfully but a warning message is logged. + no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved, + no further checks are performed. + + acpi_force_table_verification [HW,ACPI] + Enable table checksum verification during early stage. + By default, this is disabled due to x86 early mapping + size limitation. + + acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI] + ACPI will balance active IRQs + default in APIC mode + + acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI] + ACPI will not move active IRQs (default) + default in PIC mode + + acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA + Format: ,... + + acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for + use by PCI + Format: ,... + + acpi_no_auto_serialize [HW,ACPI] + Disable auto-serialization of AML methods + AML control methods that contain the opcodes to create + named objects will be marked as "Serialized" by the + auto-serialization feature. + This feature is enabled by default. + This option allows to turn off the feature. + + acpi_no_memhotplug [ACPI] Disable memory hotplug. Useful for kdump + kernels. + + acpi_no_static_ssdt [HW,ACPI] + Disable installation of static SSDTs at early boot time + By default, SSDTs contained in the RSDT/XSDT will be + installed automatically and they will appear under + /sys/firmware/acpi/tables. + This option turns off this feature. + Note that specifying this option does not affect + dynamic table installation which will install SSDT + tables to /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/dynamic. + + acpi_rsdp= [ACPI,EFI,KEXEC] + Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used + on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the + second kernel for kdump. + + acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS + Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows" + + acpi_rev_override [ACPI] Override the _REV object to return 5 (instead + of 2 which is mandated by ACPI 6) as the supported ACPI + specification revision (when using this switch, it may + be necessary to carry out a cold reboot _twice_ in a + row to make it take effect on the platform firmware). + + acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings + acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 + acpi_osi="!string2" # remove string2 + acpi_osi=!* # remove all strings + acpi_osi=! # disable all built-in OS vendor + strings + acpi_osi=!! # enable all built-in OS vendor + strings + acpi_osi= # disable all strings + + 'acpi_osi=!' can be used in combination with single or + multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific OS + vendor string(s). Note that such command can only + affect the default state of the OS vendor strings, thus + it cannot affect the default state of the feature group + strings and the current state of the OS vendor strings, + specifying it multiple times through kernel command line + is meaningless. This command is useful when one do not + care about the state of the feature group strings which + should be controlled by the OSPM. + Examples: + 1. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is equivalent + to 'acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', they all + can make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE. + + 'acpi_osi=' cannot be used in combination with other + 'acpi_osi=' command lines, the _OSI method will not + exist in the ACPI namespace. NOTE that such command can + only affect the _OSI support state, thus specifying it + multiple times through kernel command line is also + meaningless. + Examples: + 1. 'acpi_osi=' can make 'CondRefOf(_OSI, Local1)' + FALSE. + + 'acpi_osi=!*' can be used in combination with single or + multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific + string(s). Note that such command can affect the + current state of both the OS vendor strings and the + feature group strings, thus specifying it multiple times + through kernel command line is meaningful. But it may + still not able to affect the final state of a string if + there are quirks related to this string. This command + is useful when one want to control the state of the + feature group strings to debug BIOS issues related to + the OSPM features. + Examples: + 1. 'acpi_osi="Module Device" acpi_osi=!*' can make + '_OSI("Module Device")' FALSE. + 2. 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Module Device"' can make + '_OSI("Module Device")' TRUE. + 3. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is + equivalent to + 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' + and + 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', + they all will make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE. + + acpi_pm_good [X86] + Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel + to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value + and always returns good values. + + acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode + Format: { level | edge | high | low } + + acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI] + Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override. + For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer. + + acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options + Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig, + old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable } + See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on + s3_bios and s3_mode. + s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep + as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called. + s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being + used during resume from hibernation. + old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS + control method, with respect to putting devices into + low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering + of _PTS is used by default). + nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the + ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume. + sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly + on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec, + but some broken systems don't work without it). + + acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI] + Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards + that require a timer override, but don't have HPET + + add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in + kernel's map of available physical RAM. + + agp= [AGP] + { off | try_unsupported } + off: disable AGP support + try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets + (may crash computer or cause data corruption) + + ALSA [HW,ALSA] + See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt + + alignment= [KNL,ARM] + Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler + behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings, + bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault. + + align_va_addr= [X86-64] + Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when + allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option + gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h + machines (where it is enabled by default) for a + CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in + a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler. + + 32: only for 32-bit processes + 64: only for 64-bit processes + on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes + off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes + + alloc_snapshot [FTRACE] + Allocate the ftrace snapshot buffer on boot up when the + main buffer is allocated. This is handy if debugging + and you need to use tracing_snapshot() on boot up, and + do not want to use tracing_snapshot_alloc() as it needs + to be done where GFP_KERNEL allocations are allowed. + + amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64] + Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system. + Possible values are: + fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when + they are unmapped. Otherwise they are + flushed before they will be reused, which + is a lot of faster + off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in + the system + force_isolation - Force device isolation for all + devices. The IOMMU driver is not + allowed anymore to lift isolation + requirements as needed. This option + does not override iommu=pt + + amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64] + Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table + for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU + driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during + IOMMU initialization. + + amd_iommu_intr= [HW,X86-64] + Specifies one of the following AMD IOMMU interrupt + remapping modes: + legacy - Use legacy interrupt remapping mode. + vapic - Use virtual APIC mode, which allows IOMMU + to inject interrupts directly into guest. + This mode requires kvm-amd.avic=1. + (Default when IOMMU HW support is present.) + + amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support + Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT + Format: , + See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt + + analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support + Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick + connected to one of 16 gameports + Format: ,,.. + + apc= [HW,SPARC] + Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.) + Format: noidle + Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does + not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have + APC and your system crashes randomly. + + apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller + Change the output verbosity whilst booting + Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug } + Change the amount of debugging information output + when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components. + + apic_extnmi= [APIC,X86] External NMI delivery setting + Format: { bsp (default) | all | none } + bsp: External NMI is delivered only to CPU 0 + all: External NMIs are broadcast to all CPUs as a + backup of CPU 0 + none: External NMI is masked for all CPUs. This is + useful so that a dump capture kernel won't be + shot down by NMI + + autoconf= [IPV6] + See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt. + + show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller + Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal + number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible + to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here. + Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }. + The parameter valid if only apic=debug or + apic=verbose is specified. + Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all + + apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management + See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c. + + arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards + Format: ,, + + ataflop= [HW,M68k] + + atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse + + atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess, + EzKey and similar keyboards + + atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization + + atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set + Format: (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2) + + atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar + keyboards + + atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode + Format: (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default)) + + atkbd.softrepeat= [HW] + Use software keyboard repeat + + audit= [KNL] Enable the audit sub-system + Format: { "0" | "1" } (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled) + 0 - kernel audit is disabled and can not be enabled + until the next reboot + unset - kernel audit is initialized but disabled and + will be fully enabled by the userspace auditd. + 1 - kernel audit is initialized and partially enabled, + storing at most audit_backlog_limit messages in + RAM until it is fully enabled by the userspace + auditd. + Default: unset + + audit_backlog_limit= [KNL] Set the audit queue size limit. + Format: (must be >=0) + Default: 64 + + bau= [X86_UV] Enable the BAU on SGI UV. The default + behavior is to disable the BAU (i.e. bau=0). + Format: { "0" | "1" } + 0 - Disable the BAU. + 1 - Enable the BAU. + unset - Disable the BAU. + + baycom_epp= [HW,AX25] + Format: , + + baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem + Format: , + See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c. + + baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] + BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode) + Format: ,,[,] + See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c. + + baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] + BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode) + Format: ,, + See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c. + + blkdevparts= Manual partition parsing of block device(s) for + embedded devices based on command line input. + See Documentation/block/cmdline-partition.txt + + boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot. + Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to + no delay (0). + Format: integer + + bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages. + + bert_disable [ACPI] + Disable BERT OS support on buggy BIOSes. + + bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards) + bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as + kernel args too. + bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options + bttv.tuner= + + bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries + firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries + at a time. + + c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card + + cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection. + Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache + size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds + to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not + possible to determine what the correct size should be. + This option provides an override for these situations. + + ca_keys= [KEYS] This parameter identifies a specific key(s) on + the system trusted keyring to be used for certificate + trust validation. + format: { id: | builtin } + + cca= [MIPS] Override the kernel pages' cache coherency + algorithm. Accepted values range from 0 to 7 + inclusive. See arch/mips/include/asm/pgtable-bits.h + for platform specific values (SB1, Loongson3 and + others). + + ccw_timeout_log [S390] + See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details. + + cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller + Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable} + The effects of cgroup_disable=foo are: + - foo isn't auto-mounted if you mount all cgroups in + a single hierarchy + - foo isn't visible as an individually mountable + subsystem + {Currently only "memory" controller deal with this and + cut the overhead, others just disable the usage. So + only cgroup_disable=memory is actually worthy} + + cgroup_no_v1= [KNL] Disable one, multiple, all cgroup controllers in v1 + Format: { controller[,controller...] | "all" } + Like cgroup_disable, but only applies to cgroup v1; + the blacklisted controllers remain available in cgroup2. + + cgroup.memory= [KNL] Pass options to the cgroup memory controller. + Format: + nosocket -- Disable socket memory accounting. + nokmem -- Disable kernel memory accounting. + + checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value. + Format: { "0" | "1" } + See security/selinux/Kconfig help text. + 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes + any implied execute protection). + 1 -- check protection requested by application. + Default value is set via a kernel config option. + Value can be changed at runtime via + /selinux/checkreqprot. + + cio_ignore= [S390] + See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details. + clk_ignore_unused + [CLK] + Prevents the clock framework from automatically gating + clocks that have not been explicitly enabled by a Linux + device driver but are enabled in hardware at reset or + by the bootloader/firmware. Note that this does not + force such clocks to be always-on nor does it reserve + those clocks in any way. This parameter is useful for + debug and development, but should not be needed on a + platform with proper driver support. For more + information, see Documentation/clk.txt. + + clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override. + [Deprecated] + Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used + when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified + clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT. + Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr } + + clocksource= Override the default clocksource + Format: + Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource + with the name specified. + Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on + the platform: + [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource) + [ACPI] acpi_pm + [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2, + pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1 + [AVR32] avr32 + [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc; + scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440 + [MIPS] MIPS + [PARISC] cr16 + [S390] tod + [SH] SuperH + [SPARC64] tick + [X86-64] hpet,tsc + + clocksource.arm_arch_timer.evtstrm= + [ARM,ARM64] + Format: + Enable/disable the eventstream feature of the ARM + architected timer so that code using WFE-based polling + loops can be debugged more effectively on production + systems. + + clocksource.arm_arch_timer.fsl-a008585= + [ARM64] + Format: + Enable/disable the workaround of Freescale/NXP + erratum A-008585. This can be useful for KVM + guests, if the guest device tree doesn't show the + erratum. If unspecified, the workaround is + enabled based on the device tree. + + clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86] + Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See + arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h for the valid bit + numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily + stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific + ones should be. + Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly + or using the feature without checking anything + will still see it. This just prevents it from + being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo. + Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable + some critical bits. + + cma=nn[MG]@[start[MG][-end[MG]]] + [ARM,X86,KNL] + Sets the size of kernel global memory area for + contiguous memory allocations and optionally the + placement constraint by the physical address range of + memory allocations. A value of 0 disables CMA + altogether. For more information, see + include/linux/dma-contiguous.h + + cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no } + Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive + when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments + to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by + a hypervisor. + Default: yes + + coherent_pool=nn[KMG] [ARM,KNL] + Sets the size of memory pool for coherent, atomic dma + allocations, by default set to 256K. + + code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print + in an oops report. + Range: 0 - 8192 + Default: 64 + + com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset + Format: + [,[,[,[,[,]]]]] + + com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers) + Format: [,] + + com90xx= [HW,NET] + ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers) + Format: [,[,]] + + condev= [HW,S390] console device + conmode= + + console= [KNL] Output console device and options. + + tty Use the virtual console device . + + ttyS[,options] + ttyUSB0[,options] + Use the specified serial port. The options are of + the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate, + "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of + bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or + omit it). Default is "9600n8". + + See Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst for more + information. See + Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an + alternative. + + uart[8250],io,[,options] + uart[8250],mmio,[,options] + uart[8250],mmio16,[,options] + uart[8250],mmio32,[,options] + uart[8250],0x[,options] + Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550 + UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address, + switching to the matching ttyS device later. + MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit + (mmio), 16-bit (mmio16), or 32-bit (mmio32). + If none of [io|mmio|mmio16|mmio32], is assumed + to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified in + the same format described for ttyS above; if unspecified, + the h/w is not re-initialized. + + hvc Use the hypervisor console device . This is for + both Xen and PowerPC hypervisors. + + If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille + device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance + console=brl,ttyS0 + For now, only VisioBraille is supported. + + consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in + seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0 + disables the blank timer. + + coredump_filter= + [KNL] Change the default value for + /proc//coredump_filter. + See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. + + cpuidle.off=1 [CPU_IDLE] + disable the cpuidle sub-system + + cpu_init_udelay=N + [X86] Delay for N microsec between assert and de-assert + of APIC INIT to start processors. This delay occurs + on every CPU online, such as boot, and resume from suspend. + Default: 10000 + + cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver + Format: + ,,,[,] + + crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]] + [KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel' + upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical + memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel + image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset + is selected automatically. Check + Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for further details. + + crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset] + [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory + in the running system. The syntax of range is + start-[end] where start and end are both + a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also + Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for an example. + + crashkernel=size[KMG],high + [KNL, x86_64] range could be above 4G. Allow kernel + to allocate physical memory region from top, so could + be above 4G if system have more than 4G ram installed. + Otherwise memory region will be allocated below 4G, if + available. + It will be ignored if crashkernel=X is specified. + crashkernel=size[KMG],low + [KNL, x86_64] range under 4G. When crashkernel=X,high + is passed, kernel could allocate physical memory region + above 4G, that cause second kernel crash on system + that require some amount of low memory, e.g. swiotlb + requires at least 64M+32K low memory, also enough extra + low memory is needed to make sure DMA buffers for 32-bit + devices won't run out. Kernel would try to allocate at + at least 256M below 4G automatically. + This one let user to specify own low range under 4G + for second kernel instead. + 0: to disable low allocation. + It will be ignored when crashkernel=X,high is not used + or memory reserved is below 4G. + + cryptomgr.notests + [KNL] Disable crypto self-tests + + cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET] + Format: + + cs89x0_media= [HW,NET] + Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc } + + dasd= [HW,NET] + See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c. + + db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port + (one device per port) + Format: , + See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt + + ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot + time. See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for + details. Deprecated, see dyndbg. + + debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level). + + debug_locks_verbose= + [KNL] verbose self-tests + Format=<0|1> + Print debugging info while doing the locking API + self-tests. + We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to + 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally + only useful to kernel developers. + + debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging + + no_debug_objects + [KNL] Disable object debugging + + debug_guardpage_minorder= + [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this + parameter allows control of the order of pages that will + be intentionally kept free (and hence protected) by the + buddy allocator. Bigger value increase the probability + of catching random memory corruption, but reduce the + amount of memory for normal system use. The maximum + possible value is MAX_ORDER/2. Setting this parameter + to 1 or 2 should be enough to identify most random + memory corruption problems caused by bugs in kernel or + driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a + random memory location. Note that there exists a class + of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or + F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when + memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is + bypassed) which are not detectable by + CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help + tracking down these problems. + + debug_pagealloc= + [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this + parameter enables the feature at boot time. In + default, it is disabled. We can avoid allocating huge + chunk of memory for debug pagealloc if we don't enable + it at boot time and the system will work mostly same + with the kernel built without CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC. + on: enable the feature + + debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging + + decnet.addr= [HW,NET] + Format: [,] + See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt. + + default_hugepagesz= + [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default + HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by + the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and + default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems. + Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size + if not specified. + + dhash_entries= [KNL] + Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache. + + disable_1tb_segments [PPC] + Disables the use of 1TB hash page table segments. This + causes the kernel to fall back to 256MB segments which + can be useful when debugging issues that require an SLB + miss to occur. + + disable= [IPV6] + See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt. + + disable_radix [PPC] + Disable RADIX MMU mode on POWER9 + + disable_cpu_apicid= [X86,APIC,SMP] + Format: + The number of initial APIC ID for the + corresponding CPU to be disabled at boot, + mostly used for the kdump 2nd kernel to + disable BSP to wake up multiple CPUs without + causing system reset or hang due to sending + INIT from AP to BSP. + + disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES] + Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this if + to workaround buggy firmware. + + disable_ipv6= [IPV6] + See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt. + + disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86] + The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous + to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB + entry later. This parameter disables that. + + disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only] + By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable + memory out of your available memory pool based on + MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior, + possibly causing your machine to run very slowly. + + disable_timer_pin_1 [X86] + Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer + Can be useful to work around chipset bugs. + + dis_ucode_ldr [X86] Disable the microcode loader. + + dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support, + this option disables the debugging code at boot. + + dma_debug_entries= + This option allows to tune the number of preallocated + entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is + required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the + DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the + architectural default is too low. + + dma_debug_driver= + With this option the DMA-API debugging driver + filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just + pass the driver to filter for as the parameter. + The filter can be disabled or changed to another + driver later using sysfs. + + drm_kms_helper.edid_firmware=[:][,[:]] + Broken monitors, graphic adapters, KVMs and EDIDless + panels may send no or incorrect EDID data sets. + This parameter allows to specify an EDID data sets + in the /lib/firmware directory that are used instead. + Generic built-in EDID data sets are used, if one of + edid/1024x768.bin, edid/1280x1024.bin, + edid/1680x1050.bin, or edid/1920x1080.bin is given + and no file with the same name exists. Details and + instructions how to build your own EDID data are + available in Documentation/EDID/HOWTO.txt. An EDID + data set will only be used for a particular connector, + if its name and a colon are prepended to the EDID + name. Each connector may use a unique EDID data + set by separating the files with a comma. An EDID + data set with no connector name will be used for + any connectors not explicitly specified. + + dscc4.setup= [NET] + + dyndbg[="val"] [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] + module.dyndbg[="val"] + Enable debug messages at boot time. See + Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for details. + + nompx [X86] Disables Intel Memory Protection Extensions. + See Documentation/x86/intel_mpx.txt for more + information about the feature. + + nopku [X86] Disable Memory Protection Keys CPU feature found + in some Intel CPUs. + + eagerfpu= [X86] + on enable eager fpu restore + off disable eager fpu restore + auto selects the default scheme, which automatically + enables eagerfpu restore for xsaveopt. + + module.async_probe [KNL] + Enable asynchronous probe on this module. + + early_ioremap_debug [KNL] + Enable debug messages in early_ioremap support. This + is useful for tracking down temporary early mappings + which are not unmapped. + + earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options. + + When used with no options, the early console is + determined by the stdout-path property in device + tree's chosen node. + + cdns,[,options] + Start an early, polled-mode console on a Cadence + (xuartps) serial port at the specified address. Only + supported option is baud rate. If baud rate is not + specified, the serial port must already be setup and + configured. + + uart[8250],io,[,options] + uart[8250],mmio,[,options] + uart[8250],mmio32,[,options] + uart[8250],mmio32be,[,options] + uart[8250],0x[,options] + Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550 + UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address. + MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit + (mmio) or 32-bit (mmio32 or mmio32be). + If none of [io|mmio|mmio32|mmio32be], is assumed + to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified + in the same format described for "console=ttyS"; if + unspecified, the h/w is not initialized. + + pl011, + pl011,mmio32, + Start an early, polled-mode console on a pl011 serial + port at the specified address. The pl011 serial port + must already be setup and configured. Options are not + yet supported. If 'mmio32' is specified, then only + the driver will use only 32-bit accessors to read/write + the device registers. + + meson, + Start an early, polled-mode console on a meson serial + port at the specified address. The serial port must + already be setup and configured. Options are not yet + supported. + + msm_serial, + Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial + port at the specified address. The serial port + must already be setup and configured. Options are not + yet supported. + + msm_serial_dm, + Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial + dm port at the specified address. The serial port + must already be setup and configured. Options are not + yet supported. + + smh Use ARM semihosting calls for early console. + + s3c2410, + s3c2412, + s3c2440, + s3c6400, + s5pv210, + exynos4210, + Use early console provided by serial driver available + on Samsung SoCs, requires selecting proper type and + a correct base address of the selected UART port. The + serial port must already be setup and configured. + Options are not yet supported. + + lpuart, + lpuart32, + Use early console provided by Freescale LP UART driver + found on Freescale Vybrid and QorIQ LS1021A processors. + A valid base address must be provided, and the serial + port must already be setup and configured. + + armada3700_uart, + Start an early, polled-mode console on the + Armada 3700 serial port at the specified + address. The serial port must already be setup + and configured. Options are not yet supported. + + earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN,ARM,M68k] + earlyprintk=vga + earlyprintk=efi + earlyprintk=xen + earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]] + earlyprintk=serial[,0x...[,baudrate]] + earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate] + earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#] + earlyprintk=pciserial,bus:device.function[,baudrate] + + earlyprintk is useful when the kernel crashes before + the normal console is initialized. It is not enabled by + default because it has some cosmetic problems. + + Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console + takes over. + + Only one of vga, efi, serial, or usb debug port can + be used at a time. + + Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 may be specified by + name. Other I/O ports may be explicitly specified + on some architectures (x86 and arm at least) by + replacing ttySn with an I/O port address, like this: + earlyprintk=serial,0x1008,115200 + You can find the port for a given device in + /proc/tty/driver/serial: + 2: uart:ST16650V2 port:00001008 irq:18 ... + + Interaction with the standard serial driver is not + very good. + + The VGA and EFI output is eventually overwritten by + the real console. + + The xen output can only be used by Xen PV guests. + + edac_report= [HW,EDAC] Control how to report EDAC event + Format: {"on" | "off" | "force"} + on: enable EDAC to report H/W event. May be overridden + by other higher priority error reporting module. + off: disable H/W event reporting through EDAC. + force: enforce the use of EDAC to report H/W event. + default: on. + + ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging + ekgdboc=kbd + + This is designed to be used in conjunction with + the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga + + edd= [EDD] + Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"} + + efi= [EFI] + Format: { "old_map", "nochunk", "noruntime", "debug" } + old_map [X86-64]: switch to the old ioremap-based EFI + runtime services mapping. 32-bit still uses this one by + default. + nochunk: disable reading files in "chunks" in the EFI + boot stub, as chunking can cause problems with some + firmware implementations. + noruntime : disable EFI runtime services support + debug: enable misc debug output + + efi_no_storage_paranoia [EFI; X86] + Using this parameter you can use more than 50% of + your efi variable storage. Use this parameter only if + you are really sure that your UEFI does sane gc and + fulfills the spec otherwise your board may brick. + + efi_fake_mem= nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa[,nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa,..] [EFI; X86] + Add arbitrary attribute to specific memory range by + updating original EFI memory map. + Region of memory which aa attribute is added to is + from ss to ss+nn. + If efi_fake_mem=2G@4G:0x10000,2G@0x10a0000000:0x10000 + is specified, EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE(0x10000) + attribute is added to range 0x100000000-0x180000000 and + 0x10a0000000-0x1120000000. + + Using this parameter you can do debugging of EFI memmap + related feature. For example, you can do debugging of + Address Range Mirroring feature even if your box + doesn't support it. + + efivar_ssdt= [EFI; X86] Name of an EFI variable that contains an SSDT + that is to be dynamically loaded by Linux. If there are + multiple variables with the same name but with different + vendor GUIDs, all of them will be loaded. See + Documentation/acpi/ssdt-overlays.txt for details. + + + eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW] + See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c. + + elanfreq= [X86-32] + See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in + arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c. + + elevator= [IOSCHED] + Format: {"cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"} + See Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt and + Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details. + + elfcorehdr=[size[KMG]@]offset[KMG] [IA64,PPC,SH,X86,S390] + Specifies physical address of start of kernel core + image elf header and optionally the size. Generally + kexec loader will pass this option to capture kernel. + See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details. + + enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86] + The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous + to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB + entry later. This parameter enables that. + + enable_timer_pin_1 [X86] + Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer + Can be useful to work around chipset bugs + (in particular on some ATI chipsets). + The kernel tries to set a reasonable default. + + enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status. + Format: {"0" | "1"} + See security/selinux/Kconfig help text. + 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials). + 1 -- enforcing (deny and log). + Default value is 0. + Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce. + + erst_disable [ACPI] + Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST) + support. + + ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters + This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which + has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details. + + evm= [EVM] + Format: { "fix" } + Permit 'security.evm' to be updated regardless of + current integrity status. + + failslab= + fail_page_alloc= + fail_make_request=[KNL] + General fault injection mechanism. + Format: ,,, + See also Documentation/fault-injection/. + + floppy= [HW] + See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt. + + force_pal_cache_flush + [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on + buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this + parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call + ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH. + + forcepae [X86-32] + Forcefully enable Physical Address Extension (PAE). + Many Pentium M systems disable PAE but may have a + functionally usable PAE implementation. + Warning: use of this parameter will taint the kernel + and may cause unknown problems. + + ftrace=[tracer] + [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer + as early as possible in order to facilitate early + boot debugging. + + ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu] + [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops. + If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump + buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will + dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the + oops. + + ftrace_filter=[function-list] + [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function + tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated + list of functions. This list can be changed at run + time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs + tracing directory. + + ftrace_notrace=[function-list] + [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in + function-list. This list can be changed at run time + by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs + tracing directory. + + ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list] + [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced + by the function graph tracer at boot up. + function-list is a comma separated list of functions + that can be changed at run time by the + set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory. + + ftrace_graph_notrace=[function-list] + [FTRACE] Do not trace from the functions specified in + function-list. This list is a comma separated list of + functions that can be changed at run time by the + set_graph_notrace file in the debugfs tracing directory. + + gamecon.map[2|3]= + [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad + support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port) + Format: ,,,,, + See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt + + gamma= [HW,DRM] + + gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART + Format: off | on + default: on + + gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for + kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via + debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded. + When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated + debugfs files are removed at module unload time. + + gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but + invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT. If the + primary GPT is corrupted, it enables the backup/alternate + GPT to be used instead. + + grcan.enable0= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 0. Determines + the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register. + Format: 0 | 1 + Default: 0 + grcan.enable1= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 1. Determines + the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register. + Format: 0 | 1 + Default: 0 + grcan.select= [HW] Select which physical interface to use. + Format: 0 | 1 + Default: 0 + grcan.txsize= [HW] Sets the size of the tx buffer. + Format: such that (txsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0. + Default: 1024 + grcan.rxsize= [HW] Sets the size of the rx buffer. + Format: such that (rxsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0. + Default: 1024 + + gpio-mockup.gpio_mockup_ranges + [HW] Sets the ranges of gpiochip of for this device. + Format: ,,,... + + hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace= + [KNL] Should the hard-lockup detector generate + backtraces on all cpus. + Format: + + hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot + are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on + for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise. + Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on) + + hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer + + hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry + Format: ,, + + hest_disable [ACPI] + Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support; + corresponding firmware-first mode error processing + logic will be disabled. + + highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact + size of . This works even on boxes that have no + highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem + size on bigger boxes. + + highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode. + Valid parameters: "on", "off" + Default: "on" + + hisax= [HW,ISDN] + See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax. + + hlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] + + hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage + Format: { enable (default) | disable | force | + verbose } + disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead + force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4, + VIA, nVidia) + verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup + + hpet_mmap= [X86, HPET_MMAP] Allow userspace to mmap HPET + registers. Default set by CONFIG_HPET_MMAP_DEFAULT. + + hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot. + hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages. + On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified + multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve + huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on + x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G + (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag). + + hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC) + terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8 + hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs. + If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections + from listed z/VM user IDs only. + + hwthread_map= [METAG] Comma-separated list of Linux cpu id to + hardware thread id mappings. + Format: : + + keep_bootcon [KNL] + Do not unregister boot console at start. This is only + useful for debugging when something happens in the window + between unregistering the boot console and initializing + the real console. + + i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed + or register an additional I2C bus that is not + registered from board initialization code. + Format: + , + + i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode + i8042.unmask_kbd_data + [HW] Enable printing of interrupt data from the KBD port + (disabled by default, and as a pre-condition + requires that i8042.debug=1 be enabled) + i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode + i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from + keyboard and cannot control its state + (Don't attempt to blink the leds) + i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port + i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port + i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing + for the AUX port + i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing + controller + i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX + controllers + i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by controller + i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init, cleanup and + suspend-to-ram transitions, only during s2r + transitions, or never reset + Format: { 1 | Y | y | 0 | N | n } + 1, Y, y: always reset controller + 0, N, n: don't ever reset controller + Default: only on s2r transitions on x86; most other + architectures force reset to be always executed + i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock + i8042.kbdreset [HW] Reset device connected to KBD port + + i810= [HW,DRM] + + i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data + indicates that the driver is running on unsupported + hardware. + i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature + does not match list of supported models. + i8k.power_status + [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k + (disabled by default) + i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN + capability is set. + + i915.invert_brightness= + [DRM] Invert the sense of the variable that is used to + set the brightness of the panel backlight. Normally a + brightness value of 0 indicates backlight switched off, + and the maximum of the brightness value sets the backlight + to maximum brightness. If this parameter is set to 0 + (default) and the machine requires it, or this parameter + is set to 1, a brightness value of 0 sets the backlight + to maximum brightness, and the maximum of the brightness + value switches the backlight off. + -1 -- never invert brightness + 0 -- machine default + 1 -- force brightness inversion + + icn= [HW,ISDN] + Format: [,[,[,]]] + + ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem + Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc + .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr + .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options + See Documentation/ide/ide.txt. + + ide-generic.probe-mask= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem + Format: + Probe mask for legacy ISA IDE ports. Depending on + platform up to 6 ports are supported, enabled by + setting corresponding bits in the mask to 1. The + default value is 0x0, which has a special meaning. + On systems that have PCI, it triggers scanning the + PCI bus for the first and the second port, which + are then probed. On systems without PCI the value + of 0x0 enables probing the two first ports as if it + was 0x3. + + ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem + Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers. + + idle= [X86] + Format: idle=poll, idle=halt, idle=nomwait + Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly + improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but + will use a lot of power and make the system run hot. + Not recommended. + idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle. + In such case C2/C3 won't be used again. + idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states + + ieee754= [MIPS] Select IEEE Std 754 conformance mode + Format: { strict | legacy | 2008 | relaxed } + Default: strict + + Choose which programs will be accepted for execution + based on the IEEE 754 NaN encoding(s) supported by + the FPU and the NaN encoding requested with the value + of an ELF file header flag individually set by each + binary. Hardware implementations are permitted to + support either or both of the legacy and the 2008 NaN + encoding mode. + + Available settings are as follows: + strict accept binaries that request a NaN encoding + supported by the FPU + legacy only accept legacy-NaN binaries, if supported + by the FPU + 2008 only accept 2008-NaN binaries, if supported + by the FPU + relaxed accept any binaries regardless of whether + supported by the FPU + + The FPU emulator is always able to support both NaN + encodings, so if no FPU hardware is present or it has + been disabled with 'nofpu', then the settings of + 'legacy' and '2008' strap the emulator accordingly, + 'relaxed' straps the emulator for both legacy-NaN and + 2008-NaN, whereas 'strict' enables legacy-NaN only on + legacy processors and both NaN encodings on MIPS32 or + MIPS64 CPUs. + + The setting for ABS.fmt/NEG.fmt instruction execution + mode generally follows that for the NaN encoding, + except where unsupported by hardware. + + ignore_loglevel [KNL] + Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/ + kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging. + We also add it as printk module parameter, so users + could change it dynamically, usually by + /sys/module/printk/parameters/ignore_loglevel. + + ignore_rlimit_data + Ignore RLIMIT_DATA setting for data mappings, + print warning at first misuse. Can be changed via + /sys/module/kernel/parameters/ignore_rlimit_data. + + ihash_entries= [KNL] + Set number of hash buckets for inode cache. + + ima_appraise= [IMA] appraise integrity measurements + Format: { "off" | "enforce" | "fix" | "log" } + default: "enforce" + + ima_appraise_tcb [IMA] + The builtin appraise policy appraises all files + owned by uid=0. + + ima_hash= [IMA] + Format: { md5 | sha1 | rmd160 | sha256 | sha384 + | sha512 | ... } + default: "sha1" + + The list of supported hash algorithms is defined + in crypto/hash_info.h. + + ima_policy= [IMA] + The builtin measurement policy to load during IMA + setup. Specyfing "tcb" as the value, measures all + programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files + opened with the read mode bit set by either the + effective uid (euid=0) or uid=0. + Format: "tcb" + + ima_tcb [IMA] Deprecated. Use ima_policy= instead. + Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted + Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all + programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files + opened for read by uid=0. + + ima_template= [IMA] + Select one of defined IMA measurements template formats. + Formats: { "ima" | "ima-ng" | "ima-sig" } + Default: "ima-ng" + + ima_template_fmt= + [IMA] Define a custom template format. + Format: { "field1|...|fieldN" } + + ima.ahash_minsize= [IMA] Minimum file size for asynchronous hash usage + Format: + Set the minimal file size for using asynchronous hash. + If left unspecified, ahash usage is disabled. + + ahash performance varies for different data sizes on + different crypto accelerators. This option can be used + to achieve the best performance for a particular HW. + + ima.ahash_bufsize= [IMA] Asynchronous hash buffer size + Format: + Set hashing buffer size. Default: 4k. + + ahash performance varies for different chunk sizes on + different crypto accelerators. This option can be used + to achieve best performance for particular HW. + + init= [KNL] + Format: + Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init + process. + + initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful + for working out where the kernel is dying during + startup. + + initcall_blacklist= [KNL] Do not execute a comma-separated list of + initcall functions. Useful for debugging built-in + modules and initcalls. + + initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk + + init_pkru= [x86] Specify the default memory protection keys rights + register contents for all processes. 0x55555554 by + default (disallow access to all but pkey 0). Can + override in debugfs after boot. + + inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver + Format: + + int_pln_enable [x86] Enable power limit notification interrupt + + integrity_audit=[IMA] + Format: { "0" | "1" } + 0 -- basic integrity auditing messages. (Default) + 1 -- additional integrity auditing messages. + + intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option + on + Enable intel iommu driver. + off + Disable intel iommu driver. + igfx_off [Default Off] + By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx + device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is + bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In + this case, gfx device will use physical address for + DMA. + forcedac [x86_64] + With this option iommu will not optimize to look + for io virtual address below 32-bit forcing dual + address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater + than 32-bit addressing. The default is to look + for translation below 32-bit and if not available + then look in the higher range. + strict [Default Off] + With this option on every unmap_single operation will + result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed + to batching them for performance. + sp_off [Default Off] + By default, super page will be supported if Intel IOMMU + has the capability. With this option, super page will + not be supported. + ecs_off [Default Off] + By default, extended context tables will be supported if + the hardware advertises that it has support both for the + extended tables themselves, and also PASID support. With + this option set, extended tables will not be used even + on hardware which claims to support them. + + intel_idle.max_cstate= [KNL,HW,ACPI,X86] + 0 disables intel_idle and fall back on acpi_idle. + 1 to 9 specify maximum depth of C-state. + + intel_pstate= [X86] + disable + Do not enable intel_pstate as the default + scaling driver for the supported processors + force + Enable intel_pstate on systems that prohibit it by default + in favor of acpi-cpufreq. Forcing the intel_pstate driver + instead of acpi-cpufreq may disable platform features, such + as thermal controls and power capping, that rely on ACPI + P-States information being indicated to OSPM and therefore + should be used with caution. This option does not work with + processors that aren't supported by the intel_pstate driver + or on platforms that use pcc-cpufreq instead of acpi-cpufreq. + no_hwp + Do not enable hardware P state control (HWP) + if available. + hwp_only + Only load intel_pstate on systems which support + hardware P state control (HWP) if available. + support_acpi_ppc + Enforce ACPI _PPC performance limits. If the Fixed ACPI + Description Table, specifies preferred power management + profile as "Enterprise Server" or "Performance Server", + then this feature is turned on by default. + + intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] + on enable Interrupt Remapping (default) + off disable Interrupt Remapping + nosid disable Source ID checking + no_x2apic_optout + BIOS x2APIC opt-out request will be ignored + nopost disable Interrupt Posting + + iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory + strict regions from userspace. + relaxed + + iommu= [x86] + off + force + noforce + biomerge + panic + nopanic + merge + nomerge + forcesac + soft + pt [x86, IA-64] + nobypass [PPC/POWERNV] + Disable IOMMU bypass, using IOMMU for PCI devices. + + + io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems + See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in + arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c. + + io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method + 0x80 + Standard port 0x80 based delay + 0xed + Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems) + udelay + Simple two microseconds delay + none + No delay + + ip= [IP_PNP] + See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt. + + irqaffinity= [SMP] Set the default irq affinity mask + The argument is a cpu list, as described above. + + irqfixup [HW] + When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers + for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken + firmware running. + + irqpoll [HW] + When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers + for it. Also check all handlers each timer + interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken + firmware running. + + isapnp= [ISAPNP] + Format: ,,, + + isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler. + The argument is a cpu list, as described above. + + This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs + to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling + algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an + "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset. + begins at 0 and the maximum value is + "number of CPUs in system - 1". + + This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The + alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all + tasks in the system -- can cause problems and + suboptimal load balancer performance. + + iucv= [HW,NET] + + ivrs_ioapic [HW,X86_64] + Provide an override to the IOAPIC-ID<->DEVICE-ID + mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For + example, to map IOAPIC-ID decimal 10 to + PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as: + ivrs_ioapic[10]=00:14.0 + + ivrs_hpet [HW,X86_64] + Provide an override to the HPET-ID<->DEVICE-ID + mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For + example, to map HPET-ID decimal 0 to + PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as: + ivrs_hpet[0]=00:14.0 + + ivrs_acpihid [HW,X86_64] + Provide an override to the ACPI-HID:UID<->DEVICE-ID + mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For + example, to map UART-HID:UID AMD0020:0 to + PCI device 00:14.5 write the parameter as: + ivrs_acpihid[00:14.5]=AMD0020:0 + + js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick + See Documentation/input/joystick.txt. + + nokaslr [KNL] + When CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is set, this disables + kernel and module base offset ASLR (Address Space + Layout Randomization). + + keepinitrd [HW,ARM] + + kernelcore= [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] + Format: nn[KMGTPE] | "mirror" + This parameter + specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel + for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is + spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The + remaining memory in each node is used for Movable + pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both + kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will + take priority and other nodes will have a larger number + of Movable pages. The Movable zone is used for the + allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved + by the page migration subsystem. This means that + HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone. + Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still + use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal + zone if it does not. + + Instead of specifying the amount of memory (nn[KMGTPE]), + you can specify "mirror" option. In case "mirror" + option is specified, mirrored (reliable) memory is used + for non-movable allocations and remaining memory is used + for Movable pages. nn[KMGTPE] and "mirror" are exclusive, + so you can NOT specify nn[KMGTPE] and "mirror" at the same + time. + + kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port. + Format: [,poll interval] + The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug + port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is + optional and is the number seconds in between + each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need + the functionality for interrupting the kernel with + gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When + not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into + the kernel debugger. + + kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles. + Requires a tty driver that supports console polling, + or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb). + Serial only format: [,baud] + keyboard only format: kbd + keyboard and serial format: kbd,[,baud] + Optional Kernel mode setting: + kms, kbd format: kms,kbd + kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,[,baud] + + kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the + kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity. + + kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address. + Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip + Ethernet adapter MAC address. + + kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable + Valid arguments: on, off + Default: on + Built with CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_DEFAULT_OFF=y, + the default is off. + + kmemcheck= [X86] Boot-time kmemcheck enable/disable/one-shot mode + Valid arguments: 0, 1, 2 + kmemcheck=0 (disabled) + kmemcheck=1 (enabled) + kmemcheck=2 (one-shot mode) + Default: 2 (one-shot mode) + + kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack + in oops dumps. + + kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs. + Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP) + + kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit + KVM MMU at runtime. + Default is 0 (off) + + kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM. + Default is 1 (enabled) + + kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU) + for all guests. + Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode. + + kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables + (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips. + Default is 1 (enabled) + + kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state= + [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states + Default is 0 (disabled) + + kvm-intel.flexpriority= + [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow). + Default is 1 (enabled) + + kvm-intel.nested= + [KVM,Intel] Enable VMX nesting (nVMX). + Default is 0 (disabled) + + kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest= + [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature + (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable + Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled) + + kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification + feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips. + Default is 1 (enabled) + + l2cr= [PPC] + + l3cr= [PPC] + + lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS + disabled it. + + lapic= [x86,APIC] "notscdeadline" Do not use TSC deadline + value for LAPIC timer one-shot implementation. Default + back to the programmable timer unit in the LAPIC. + + lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer + in C2 power state. + + libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control + libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA + libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only + libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only + libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only + Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA + for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs. + + libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit + libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default) + libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk + + libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume + when set. + Format: + + libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma + separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is + PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers + matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches + the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If + the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE + values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the + configuration applies to all ports, links and devices. + + If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to + the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE + number of 0 either selects the first device or the + first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not + select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the + host link and device attached to it. + + The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long + as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed. + For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps. + The following configurations can be forced. + + * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata. + Any ID with matching PORT is used. + + * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps. + + * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7]. + udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also + allowed. + + * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ. + + * [no]ncqtrim: Turn off queued DSM TRIM. + + * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft + and both resets. + + * rstonce: only attempt one reset during + hot-unplug link recovery + + * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data. + + * atapi_dmadir: Enable ATAPI DMADIR bridge support + + * disable: Disable this device. + + If there are multiple matching configurations changing + the same attribute, the last one is used. + + memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages. + + load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy + See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt. + + lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period. + Format: + + lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port. + Format: + + lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value. + Format: + + lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port. + Format: + + locktorture.nreaders_stress= [KNL] + Set the number of locking read-acquisition kthreads. + Defaults to being automatically set based on the + number of online CPUs. + + locktorture.nwriters_stress= [KNL] + Set the number of locking write-acquisition kthreads. + + locktorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL] + Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing. + + locktorture.onoff_interval= [KNL] + Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or + zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing. + + locktorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL] + Set task-shuffle interval (jiffies). Shuffling + tasks allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle + mode during the locktorture test. + + locktorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL] + Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This + is useful for hands-off automated testing. + + locktorture.stat_interval= [KNL] + Time (s) between statistics printk()s. + + locktorture.stutter= [KNL] + Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, + specifying five seconds causes the test to run for + five seconds, wait for five seconds, and so on. + This tests the locking primitive's ability to + transition abruptly to and from idle. + + locktorture.torture_runnable= [BOOT] + Start locktorture running at boot time. + + locktorture.torture_type= [KNL] + Specify the locking implementation to test. + + locktorture.verbose= [KNL] + Enable additional printk() statements. + + logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver + Format: + + loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the + console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can + also be changed with klogd or other programs. The + loglevels are defined as follows: + + 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable + 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately + 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions + 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions + 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions + 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition + 6 (KERN_INFO) informational + 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages + + log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, + in bytes. n must be a power of two and greater + than the minimal size. The minimal size is defined + by LOG_BUF_SHIFT kernel config parameter. There is + also CONFIG_LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT config parameter + that allows to increase the default size depending on + the number of CPUs. See init/Kconfig for more details. + + logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo. + This may be used to provide more screen space for + kernel log messages and is useful when debugging + kernel boot problems. + + lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g, + lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses + lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the + lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be + specified in addition to the ports) causes + attached printers to be reset. Using + lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports + to associate lp devices with, starting with + lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip + that lp device, or a parport name such as + 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a + port specification list means that device IDs + from each port should be examined, to see if + an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if + so, the driver will manage that printer. + See also header of drivers/char/lp.c. + + lpj=n [KNL] + Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding + time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per + CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine + the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal + autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that + on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs, + which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need + significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value + will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to + unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although + unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your + hardware. + + ltpc= [NET] + Format: ,, + + machvec= [IA-64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector + (machvec) in a generic kernel. + Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb + + machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different + yeeloong laptop. + Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch + + max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater + than or equal to this physical address is ignored. + + maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel + will bring up during bootup. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits + the kernel to bring up 'n' processors. Surely after + bootup you can bring up the other plugged cpu by executing + "echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/online". So maxcpus + only takes effect during system bootup. + While n=0 is a special case, it is equivalent to "nosmp", + which also disables the IO APIC. + + max_loop= [LOOP] The number of loop block devices that get + (loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default + number is configured by BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT. Instead + of statically allocating a predefined number, loop + devices can be requested on-demand with the + /dev/loop-control interface. + + mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception + + mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt + + md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level + See Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst. + + mdacon= [MDA] + Format: , + Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA. + + mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory + Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able + to see the whole system memory or for test. + [X86] Work as limiting max address. Use together + with memmap= to avoid physical address space collisions. + Without memmap= PCI devices could be placed at addresses + belonging to unused RAM. + + mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel + memory. + + memchunk=nn[KMG] + [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for + per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers. + + memhp_default_state=online/offline + [KNL] Set the initial state for the memory hotplug + onlining policy. If not specified, the default value is + set according to the + CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE kernel config + option. + See Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt. + + memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact + E820 memory map, as specified by the user. + Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on + BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss + option description. + + memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG] + [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory. + Region of memory to be used is from ss to ss+nn. + + memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG] + [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data. + Region of memory to be marked is from ss to ss+nn. + + memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG] + [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved. + Region of memory to be reserved is from ss to ss+nn. + Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff + memmap=64K$0x18690000 + or + memmap=0x10000$0x18690000 + + memmap=nn[KMG]!ss[KMG] + [KNL,X86] Mark specific memory as protected. + Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn. + The memory region may be marked as e820 type 12 (0xc) + and is NVDIMM or ADR memory. + + memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86] + Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of + memory when doing things like suspend/resume. + Setting this option will scan the memory + looking for corruption. Enabling this will + both detect corruption and prevent the kernel + from using the memory being corrupted. + However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if + repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always + affects the same memory, you can use memmap= + to prevent the kernel from using that memory. + + memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86] + By default it checks for corruption in the low + 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal + use. Use this parameter to scan for + corruption in more or less memory. + + memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86] + By default it checks for corruption every 60 + seconds. Use this parameter to check at some + other rate. 0 disables periodic checking. + + memtest= [KNL,X86,ARM] Enable memtest + Format: + default : 0 + Specifies the number of memtest passes to be + performed. Each pass selects another test + pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest + fills the memory with this pattern, validates + memory contents and reserves bad memory + regions that are detected. + + meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters + See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt. + + mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the + Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode + platforms. + + mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when + the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS + version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the + problem by letting the user disable the workaround. + + mga= [HW,DRM] + + min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this + physical address is ignored. + + mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL] + Format:[0..2][b][c][t] + Default: "0tb" + MINI2440 configuration specification: + 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT + 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT + 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768) + Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load + the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left + unconfigured. + b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be + linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO + LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the + VGA shield. + c - Enable the s3c camera interface. + t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The + touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream + kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found + in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at + http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git + + mminit_loglevel= + [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this + parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for + the additional memory initialisation checks. A value + of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will + log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG + so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified. + + module.sig_enforce + [KNL] When CONFIG_MODULE_SIG is set, this means that + modules without (valid) signatures will fail to load. + Note that if CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE is set, that + is always true, so this option does nothing. + + module_blacklist= [KNL] Do not load a comma-separated list of + modules. Useful for debugging problem modules. + + mousedev.tap_time= + [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and + leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered + a tap and be reported as a left button click (for + touchpads working in absolute mode only). + Format: + mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices + reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets + mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices + reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets + + movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter + is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the + amount of memory used for migratable allocations. + If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified, + then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified + value but may be more. If movablecore on its own + is specified, the administrator must be careful + that the amount of memory usable for all allocations + is not too small. + + movable_node [KNL,X86] Boot-time switch to enable the effects + of CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE=y. See mm/Kconfig for details. + + MTD_Partition= [MTD] + Format: ,,, + + MTD_Region= [MTD] Format: + ,[,,,,] + + mtdparts= [MTD] + See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c. + + multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries + firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries + at a time. + + onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration + + Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock] + + boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND. + The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks. + lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked. + Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed. + 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status. + + mtdset= [ARM] + ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control + + See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c + + mtouchusb.raw_coordinates= + [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates + ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n') + + mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86] + used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk + that could hold holes aka. UC entries. + + mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86] + Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block. + Default is 1. + Large value could prevent small alignment from + using up MTRRs. + + mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86] + Format: + Range: 0,7 : spare reg number + Default : 1 + Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number. + Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more. + + n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card + + netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters + Format: ,,,, + Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean + something different and driver-specific. + This usage is only documented in each driver source + file if at all. + + nf_conntrack.acct= + [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting + 0 to disable accounting + 1 to enable accounting + Default value is 0. + + nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead. + See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt. + + nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes. + See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt. + + nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages. + See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt. + + nfs.callback_nr_threads= + [NFSv4] set the total number of threads that the + NFS client will assign to service NFSv4 callback + requests. + + nfs.callback_tcpport= + [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback + channel should listen. + + nfs.cache_getent= + [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used + to update the NFS client cache entries. + + nfs.cache_getent_timeout= + [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to + update a cache entry is deemed to have failed. + + nfs.idmap_cache_timeout= + [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache + entries. + + nfs.enable_ino64= + [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers. + If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode + number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead + of returning the full 64-bit number. + The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers. + + nfs.max_session_cb_slots= + [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session + slots the client will assign to the callback + channel. This determines the maximum number of + callbacks the client will process in parallel for + a particular server. + + nfs.max_session_slots= + [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session slots + the client will attempt to negotiate with the server. + This limits the number of simultaneous RPC requests + that the client can send to the NFSv4.1 server. + Note that there is little point in setting this + value higher than the max_tcp_slot_table_limit. + + nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping= + [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', this option + ensures that both the RPC level authentication + scheme and the NFS level operations agree to use + numeric uids/gids if the mount is using the + 'sec=sys' security flavour. In effect it is + disabling idmapping, which can make migration from + legacy NFSv2/v3 systems to NFSv4 easier. + Servers that do not support this mode of operation + will be autodetected by the client, and it will fall + back to using the idmapper. + To turn off this behaviour, set the value to '0'. + nfs.nfs4_unique_id= + [NFS4] Specify an additional fixed unique ident- + ification string that NFSv4 clients can insert into + their nfs_client_id4 string. This is typically a + UUID that is generated at system install time. + + nfs.send_implementation_id = + [NFSv4.1] Send client implementation identification + information in exchange_id requests. + If zero, no implementation identification information + will be sent. + The default is to send the implementation identification + information. + + nfs.recover_lost_locks = + [NFSv4] Attempt to recover locks that were lost due + to a lease timeout on the server. Please note that + doing this risks data corruption, since there are + no guarantees that the file will remain unchanged + after the locks are lost. + If you want to enable the kernel legacy behaviour of + attempting to recover these locks, then set this + parameter to '1'. + The default parameter value of '0' causes the kernel + not to attempt recovery of lost locks. + + nfs4.layoutstats_timer = + [NFSv4.2] Change the rate at which the kernel sends + layoutstats to the pNFS metadata server. + + Setting this to value to 0 causes the kernel to use + whatever value is the default set by the layout + driver. A non-zero value sets the minimum interval + in seconds between layoutstats transmissions. + + nfsd.nfs4_disable_idmapping= + [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', the NFSv4 + server will return only numeric uids and gids to + clients using auth_sys, and will accept numeric uids + and gids from such clients. This is intended to ease + migration from NFSv2/v3. + + objlayoutdriver.osd_login_prog= + [NFS] [OBJLAYOUT] sets the pathname to the program which + is used to automatically discover and login into new + osd-targets. Please see: + Documentation/filesystems/pnfs.txt for more explanations + + nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take + when a NMI is triggered. + Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die] + + nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels + Format: [panic,][nopanic,][num] + Valid num: 0 or 1 + 0 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog off + 1 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog on + When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog + timeout occurs (or 'nopanic' to override the opposite + default). To disable both hard and soft lockup detectors, + please see 'nowatchdog'. + This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and + need the box quickly up again. + + netpoll.carrier_timeout= + [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that + netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll + waits 4 seconds. + + no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths + emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor + is present. + + no_console_suspend + [HW] Never suspend the console + Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and + hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging + messages can reach various consoles while the rest + of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while + debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may + not work reliably with all consoles, but is known + to work with serial and VGA consoles. + To facilitate more flexible debugging, we also add + console_suspend, a printk module parameter to control + it. Users could use console_suspend (usually + /sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend) to + turn on/off it dynamically. + + noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien + caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory, + but will impact performance. + + noalign [KNL,ARM] + + noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any + IOAPICs that may be present in the system. + + noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation. + + nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem + on "Classic" PPC cores. + + nocache [ARM] + + noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction + + nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting + + nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time. + + noefi Disable EFI runtime services support. + + noexec [IA-64] + + noexec [X86] + On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels. + noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default) + noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings + + nosmap [X86] + Disable SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention) + even if it is supported by processor. + + nosmep [X86] + Disable SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention) + even if it is supported by processor. + + noexec32 [X86-64] + This affects only 32-bit executables. + noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default) + read doesn't imply executable mappings + noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings + read implies executable mappings + + nofpu [MIPS,SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time. + + nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended + register save and restore. The kernel will only save + legacy floating-point registers on task switch. + + nohugeiomap [KNL,x86] Disable kernel huge I/O mappings. + + nosmt [KNL,S390] Disable symmetric multithreading (SMT). + Equivalent to smt=1. + + noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save + and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to + enabling legacy floating-point and sse state. + + noxsaveopt [X86] Disables xsaveopt used in saving x86 extended + register states. The kernel will fall back to use + xsave to save the states. By using this parameter, + performance of saving the states is degraded because + xsave doesn't support modified optimization while + xsaveopt supports it on xsaveopt enabled systems. + + noxsaves [X86] Disables xsaves and xrstors used in saving and + restoring x86 extended register state in compacted + form of xsave area. The kernel will fall back to use + xsaveopt and xrstor to save and restore the states + in standard form of xsave area. By using this + parameter, xsave area per process might occupy more + memory on xsaves enabled systems. + + nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or + wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to + use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger. + + no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The + only way then for a file to be executed with privilege + is to be setuid root or executed by root. + + nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving + function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases + power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces + interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance + in certain environments such as networked servers or + real-time systems. + + nohibernate [HIBERNATION] Disable hibernation and resume. + + nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks + Valid arguments: on, off + Default: on + + nohz_full= [KNL,BOOT] + The argument is a cpu list, as described above. + In kernels built with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y, set + the specified list of CPUs whose tick will be stopped + whenever possible. The boot CPU will be forced outside + the range to maintain the timekeeping. + The CPUs in this range must also be included in the + rcu_nocbs= set. + + noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses. + + noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and + disable unhandled interrupt sources. + + no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for + broken timer IRQ sources. + + noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code. + + noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured + initial RAM disk. + + nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt + remapping. + [Deprecated - use intremap=off] + + nointroute [IA-64] + + noinvpcid [X86] Disable the INVPCID cpu feature. + + nojitter [IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers. + + no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver + + no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page + fault handling. + + no-steal-acc [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized steal time accounting. + steal time is computed, but won't influence scheduler + behaviour + + nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC. + + nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer. + + noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel + lowmem mapping on PPC40x and PPC8xx + + nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling + + nomce [X86-32] Disable Machine Check Exception + + nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose + Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines). + + nonmi_ipi [X86] Disable using NMI IPIs during panic/reboot to + shutdown the other cpus. Instead use the REBOOT_VECTOR + irq. + + nomodule Disable module load + + nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of + pagetables) support. + + norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to + echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space + + noreplace-paravirt [X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops + + noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions + with UP alternatives + + nordrand [X86] Disable kernel use of the RDRAND and + RDSEED instructions even if they are supported + by the processor. RDRAND and RDSEED are still + available to user space applications. + + noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap + space. + + no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback. + This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille + reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany). + + nosbagart [IA-64] + + nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support. + + nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel, + and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0". + + nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector. + + nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices. + + notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter + + nowatchdog [KNL] Disable both lockup detectors, i.e. + soft-lockup and NMI watchdog (hard-lockup). + + nowb [ARM] + + nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode. + + cpu0_hotplug [X86] Turn on CPU0 hotplug feature when + CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HOTPLUG_CPU0 is off. + Some features depend on CPU0. Known dependencies are: + 1. Resume from suspend/hibernate depends on CPU0. + Suspend/hibernate will fail if CPU0 is offline and you + need to online CPU0 before suspend/hibernate. + 2. PIC interrupts also depend on CPU0. CPU0 can't be + removed if a PIC interrupt is detected. + It's said poweroff/reboot may depend on CPU0 on some + machines although I haven't seen such issues so far + after CPU0 is offline on a few tested machines. + If the dependencies are under your control, you can + turn on cpu0_hotplug. + + nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB + purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or + SAL PALO. + + nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel + could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to + support 'n' processors. It could be larger than the + number of already plugged CPU during bootup, later in + runtime you can physically add extra cpu until it reaches + n. So during boot up some boot time memory for per-cpu + variables need be pre-allocated for later physical cpu + hot plugging. + + nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered. + + numa_balancing= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable automatic NUMA balancing. + Allowed values are enable and disable + + numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA. + one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified + This can be set from sysctl after boot. + See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details. + + ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver. + See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more + info. + + olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands + Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC + command is not properly ACKed, override the length + of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while + waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high + interrupts *may* be lost! + + omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing. + Format: ... + For example, to override I2C bus2: + omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100 + + oprofile.timer= [HW] + Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters + + oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type + This might be useful if you have an older oprofile + userland or if you want common events. + Format: { arch_perfmon } + arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural + perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the + CPU specific event set. + timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI + timer mode (see also oprofile.timer + for generic hr timer mode) + + oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the + process, but there is a small probability of + deadlocking the machine. + This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions. + Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot. + + OSS [HW,OSS] + See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt + + page_owner= [KNL] Boot-time page_owner enabling option. + Storage of the information about who allocated + each page is disabled in default. With this switch, + we can turn it on. + on: enable the feature + + page_poison= [KNL] Boot-time parameter changing the state of + poisoning on the buddy allocator. + off: turn off poisoning + on: turn on poisoning + + panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay + timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting + timeout = 0: wait forever + timeout < 0: reboot immediately + Format: + + panic_on_warn panic() instead of WARN(). Useful to cause kdump + on a WARN(). + + crash_kexec_post_notifiers + Run kdump after running panic-notifiers and dumping + kmsg. This only for the users who doubt kdump always + succeeds in any situation. + Note that this also increases risks of kdump failure, + because some panic notifiers can make the crashed + kernel more unstable. + + parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is + connected to, default is 0. + Format: + parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation, + 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT). + Format: + + parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables. + Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] } + Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any + IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to + ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of + possible conflicts). You can specify the base + address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA + should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected + settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo' + (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected). + Parallel ports are assigned in the order they + are specified on the command line, starting + with parport0. + + parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT] + Configure VIA parallel port to operate in + a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos + computer where firmware has no options for setting + up parallel port mode and sets it to spp. + Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips. + Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp] + + pause_on_oops= + Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for + the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if + your oopses keep scrolling off the screen. + + pcbit= [HW,ISDN] + + pcd. [PARIDE] + See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c. + See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. + + pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options: + earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel + changes anything + off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus + bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access + the hardware directly. Use this if your machine + has a non-standard PCI host bridge. + nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct + hardware access methods are allowed. Use this + if you experience crashes upon bootup and you + suspect they are caused by the BIOS. + conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access + Mechanism 1 (config address in IO port 0xCF8, + data in IO port 0xCFC, both 32-bit). + conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access + Mechanism 2 (IO port 0xCF8 is an 8-bit port for + the function, IO port 0xCFA, also 8-bit, sets + bus number. The config space is then accessed + through ports 0xC000-0xCFFF). + See http://wiki.osdev.org/PCI for more info + on the configuration access mechanisms. + noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is + enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to + disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting. + nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI + root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak). + nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI + Configuration + check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable + properly configured MMIO access to PCI + config space on AMD family 10h CPU + nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is + enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to + disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide. + noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks. + Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This + should never be necessary. + ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the + primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable + boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs + when the system masks IRQs. + noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the + boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to + a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled. + The opposite of ioapicreroute. + biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt + routing table. These calls are known to be buggy + on several machines and they hang the machine + when used, but on other computers it's the only + way to get the interrupt routing table. Try + this option if the kernel is unable to allocate + IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your + motherboard. + rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs. + Use with caution as certain devices share + address decoders between ROMs and other + resources. + norom [X86] Do not assign address space to + expansion ROMs that do not already have + BIOS assigned address ranges. + nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the + BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS. + irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be + assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can + make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards + this way. + pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address + of the PIRQ table (normally generated + by the BIOS) if it is outside the + F0000h-100000h range. + lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be + useful if the kernel is unable to find your + secondary buses and you want to tell it + explicitly which ones they are. + assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus + numbers ourselves, overriding + whatever the firmware may have done. + usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored + in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on + some systems with broken BIOSes, notably + some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3 + notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI + IRQ routing is enabled. + noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing + or for PCI scanning. + use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information + from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this + is enabled by default. If you need to use this, + please report a bug. + nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI. + If you need to use this, please report a bug. + routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices. + This is normally done in pci_enable_device(), + so this option is a temporary workaround + for broken drivers that don't call it. + skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can + handle more pci cards + noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning. + This might help on some broken boards which + machine check when some devices' config space + is read. But various workarounds are disabled + and some IOMMU drivers will not work. + bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order. + This sorting is done to get a device + order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels. + nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order. + pcie_bus_tune_off Disable PCIe MPS (Max Payload Size) + tuning and use the BIOS-configured MPS defaults. + pcie_bus_safe Set every device's MPS to the largest value + supported by all devices below the root complex. + pcie_bus_perf Set device MPS to the largest allowable MPS + based on its parent bus. Also set MRRS (Max + Read Request Size) to the largest supported + value (no larger than the MPS that the device + or bus can support) for best performance. + pcie_bus_peer2peer Set every device's MPS to 128B, which + every device is guaranteed to support. This + configuration allows peer-to-peer DMA between + any pair of devices, possibly at the cost of + reduced performance. This also guarantees + that hot-added devices will work. + cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is + reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window. + The default value is 256 bytes. + cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is + reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory + window. The default value is 64 megabytes. + resource_alignment= + Format: + [@][:]:.[; ...] + [@]pci::\ + [::][; ...] + Specifies alignment and device to reassign + aligned memory resources. + If is not specified, + PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment. + PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource + windows need to be expanded. + To specify the alignment for several + instances of a device, the PCI vendor, + device, subvendor, and subdevice may be + specified, e.g., 4096@pci:8086:9c22:103c:198f + ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer + end-to-end CRC checking). + bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the + the default. + off: Turn ECRC off + on: Turn ECRC on. + hpiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is + reserved for hotplug bridge's IO window. + Default size is 256 bytes. + hpmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is + reserved for hotplug bridge's memory window. + Default size is 2 megabytes. + hpbussize=nn The minimum amount of additional bus numbers + reserved for buses below a hotplug bridge. + Default is 1. + realloc= Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources + if allocations done by BIOS are too small to + accommodate resources required by all child + devices. + off: Turn realloc off + on: Turn realloc on + realloc same as realloc=on + noari do not use PCIe ARI. + pcie_scan_all Scan all possible PCIe devices. Otherwise we + only look for one device below a PCIe downstream + port. + + pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power + Management. + off Disable ASPM. + force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it. + WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups. + + pcie_hp= [PCIE] PCI Express Hotplug driver options: + nomsi Do not use MSI for PCI Express Native Hotplug (this + makes all PCIe ports use INTx for hotplug services). + + pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling: + auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services + associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use + them only if that is allowed by the BIOS. + native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports + unconditionally. + compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe + ports driver. + + pcie_port_pm= [PCIE] PCIe port power management handling: + off Disable power management of all PCIe ports + force Forcibly enable power management of all PCIe ports + + pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options: + nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes + all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services). + + pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4 + + pd_ignore_unused + [PM] + Keep all power-domains already enabled by bootloader on, + even if no driver has claimed them. This is useful + for debug and development, but should not be + needed on a platform with proper driver support. + + pd. [PARIDE] + See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. + + pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at + boot time. + Format: { 0 | 1 } + See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c + + percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use. + Currently supported values are "embed" and "page". + Archs may support subset or none of the selections. + See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each + allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging + and performance comparison. + + pf. [PARIDE] + See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. + + pg. [PARIDE] + See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. + + pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup + See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt. + + plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link + Format: { parport | timid | 0 } + See also Documentation/parport.txt. + + pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port. + Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value. + e.g. pmtmr=0x508 + + pnp.debug=1 [PNP] + Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the + CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time + via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug. We always show + current resource usage; turning this on also shows + possible settings and some assignment information. + + pnpacpi= [ACPI] + { off } + + pnpbios= [ISAPNP] + { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res } + + pnp_reserve_irq= + [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration + + pnp_reserve_dma= + [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration + + pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration + Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size). + + pnp_reserve_mem= + [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the + autoconfiguration. + Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size). + + ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module + Default is 21. + Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports + may be specified. + Format: ,.... + + ppc_strict_facility_enable + [PPC] This option catches any kernel floating point, + Altivec, VSX and SPE outside of regions specifically + allowed (eg kernel_enable_fpu()/kernel_disable_fpu()). + There is some performance impact when enabling this. + + print-fatal-signals= + [KNL] debug: print fatal signals + + If enabled, warn about various signal handling + related application anomalies: too many signals, + too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a + coredump - etc. + + If you hit the warning due to signal overflow, + you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited". + + default: off. + + printk.always_kmsg_dump= + Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or + panics + Format: (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable) + default: disabled + + printk.devkmsg={on,off,ratelimit} + Control writing to /dev/kmsg. + on - unlimited logging to /dev/kmsg from userspace + off - logging to /dev/kmsg disabled + ratelimit - ratelimit the logging + Default: ratelimit + + printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line + Format: (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable) + + processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI] + Limit processor to maximum C-state + max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit. + + processor.nocst [HW,ACPI] + Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states, + instead using the legacy FADT method + + profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile + Format: [schedule,] + Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points. + Param: - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for + statistical time based profiling. + Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs). + Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS + Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits. + + prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk + before loading. + See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt. + + psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to + probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any). + psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports + per second. + psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE] + Try to reset the device after so many bad packets + (0 = never). + psmouse.resolution= + [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi. + psmouse.smartscroll= + [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat. + 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default). + + pstore.backend= Specify the name of the pstore backend to use + + pt. [PARIDE] + See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. + + pty.legacy_count= + [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in + default number. + + quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages + + r128= [HW,DRM] + + raid= [HW,RAID] + See Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst. + + ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes + See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt. + + rcu_nocbs= [KNL] + The argument is a cpu list, as described above. + + In kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y, set + the specified list of CPUs to be no-callback CPUs. + Invocation of these CPUs' RCU callbacks will + be offloaded to "rcuox/N" kthreads created for + that purpose, where "x" is "b" for RCU-bh, "p" + for RCU-preempt, and "s" for RCU-sched, and "N" + is the CPU number. This reduces OS jitter on the + offloaded CPUs, which can be useful for HPC and + real-time workloads. It can also improve energy + efficiency for asymmetric multiprocessors. + + rcu_nocb_poll [KNL] + Rather than requiring that offloaded CPUs + (specified by rcu_nocbs= above) explicitly + awaken the corresponding "rcuoN" kthreads, + make these kthreads poll for callbacks. + This improves the real-time response for the + offloaded CPUs by relieving them of the need to + wake up the corresponding kthread, but degrades + energy efficiency by requiring that the kthreads + periodically wake up to do the polling. + + rcutree.blimit= [KNL] + Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to + process in one batch. + + rcutree.dump_tree= [KNL] + Dump the structure of the rcu_node combining tree + out at early boot. This is used for diagnostic + purposes, to verify correct tree setup. + + rcutree.gp_cleanup_delay= [KNL] + Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of + RCU grace-period cleanup. This only has effect + when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_CLEANUP is set. + + rcutree.gp_init_delay= [KNL] + Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of + RCU grace-period initialization. This only has + effect when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_INIT + is set. + + rcutree.gp_preinit_delay= [KNL] + Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of + RCU grace-period pre-initialization, that is, + the propagation of recent CPU-hotplug changes up + the rcu_node combining tree. This only has effect + when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_PREINIT is set. + + rcutree.rcu_fanout_exact= [KNL] + Disable autobalancing of the rcu_node combining + tree. This is used by rcutorture, and might + possibly be useful for architectures having high + cache-to-cache transfer latencies. + + rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf= [KNL] + Change the number of CPUs assigned to each + leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very + large systems, which will choose the value 64, + and for NUMA systems with large remote-access + latencies, which will choose a value aligned + with the appropriate hardware boundaries. + + rcutree.jiffies_till_sched_qs= [KNL] + Set required age in jiffies for a + given grace period before RCU starts + soliciting quiescent-state help from + rcu_note_context_switch(). + + rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL] + Set delay from grace-period initialization to + first attempt to force quiescent states. + Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero, + and maximum value is HZ. + + rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL] + Set delay between subsequent attempts to force + quiescent states. Units are jiffies, minimum + value is one, and maximum value is HZ. + + rcutree.kthread_prio= [KNL,BOOT] + Set the SCHED_FIFO priority of the RCU per-CPU + kthreads (rcuc/N). This value is also used for + the priority of the RCU boost threads (rcub/N) + and for the RCU grace-period kthreads (rcu_bh, + rcu_preempt, and rcu_sched). If RCU_BOOST is + set, valid values are 1-99 and the default is 1 + (the least-favored priority). Otherwise, when + RCU_BOOST is not set, valid values are 0-99 and + the default is zero (non-realtime operation). + + rcutree.rcu_nocb_leader_stride= [KNL] + Set the number of NOCB kthread groups, which + defaults to the square root of the number of + CPUs. Larger numbers reduces the wakeup overhead + on the per-CPU grace-period kthreads, but increases + that same overhead on each group's leader. + + rcutree.qhimark= [KNL] + Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks beyond which + batch limiting is disabled. + + rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL] + Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which + batch limiting is re-enabled. + + rcutree.rcu_idle_gp_delay= [KNL] + Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have + RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y). + + rcutree.rcu_idle_lazy_gp_delay= [KNL] + Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have + only "lazy" RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y). + Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can + prove do nothing more than free memory. + + rcuperf.gp_exp= [KNL] + Measure performance of expedited synchronous + grace-period primitives. + + rcuperf.holdoff= [KNL] + Set test-start holdoff period. The purpose of + this parameter is to delay the start of the + test until boot completes in order to avoid + interference. + + rcuperf.nreaders= [KNL] + Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects + N, where N is the number of CPUs. A value + "n" less than -1 selects N-n+1, where N is again + the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N + (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on. + A value of "n" less than or equal to -N selects + a single reader. + + rcuperf.nwriters= [KNL] + Set number of RCU writers. The values operate + the same as for rcuperf.nreaders. + N, where N is the number of CPUs + + rcuperf.perf_runnable= [BOOT] + Start rcuperf running at boot time. + + rcuperf.shutdown= [KNL] + Shut the system down after performance tests + complete. This is useful for hands-off automated + testing. + + rcuperf.perf_type= [KNL] + Specify the RCU implementation to test. + + rcuperf.verbose= [KNL] + Enable additional printk() statements. + + rcutorture.cbflood_inter_holdoff= [KNL] + Set holdoff time (jiffies) between successive + callback-flood tests. + + rcutorture.cbflood_intra_holdoff= [KNL] + Set holdoff time (jiffies) between successive + bursts of callbacks within a given callback-flood + test. + + rcutorture.cbflood_n_burst= [KNL] + Set the number of bursts making up a given + callback-flood test. Set this to zero to + disable callback-flood testing. + + rcutorture.cbflood_n_per_burst= [KNL] + Set the number of callbacks to be registered + in a given burst of a callback-flood test. + + rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL] + Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts + in microseconds. + + rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL] + Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts + in microseconds. + + rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL] + Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts + in seconds. + + rcutorture.gp_cond= [KNL] + Use conditional/asynchronous update-side + primitives, if available. + + rcutorture.gp_exp= [KNL] + Use expedited update-side primitives, if available. + + rcutorture.gp_normal= [KNL] + Use normal (non-expedited) asynchronous + update-side primitives, if available. + + rcutorture.gp_sync= [KNL] + Use normal (non-expedited) synchronous + update-side primitives, if available. If all + of rcutorture.gp_cond=, rcutorture.gp_exp=, + rcutorture.gp_normal=, and rcutorture.gp_sync= + are zero, rcutorture acts as if is interpreted + they are all non-zero. + + rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL] + Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing. + + rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL] + Set number of concurrent RCU writers. These just + stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual + test, hence the "fake". + + rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL] + Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects + N-1, where N is the number of CPUs. A value + "n" less than -1 selects N-n-2, where N is again + the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N + (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on. + + rcutorture.object_debug= [KNL] + Enable debug-object double-call_rcu() testing. + + rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL] + Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing. + + rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL] + Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or + zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing. + + rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL] + Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks + allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode + during the rcutorture test. + + rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL] + Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This + is useful for hands-off automated testing. + + rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL] + Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall + warnings, zero to disable. + + rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL] + Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall. + + rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL] + Time (s) between statistics printk()s. + + rcutorture.stutter= [KNL] + Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying + five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds, + wait for five seconds, and so on. This tests RCU's + ability to transition abruptly to and from idle. + + rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL] + Test RCU priority boosting? 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes. + "Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation + under test support RCU priority boosting. + + rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL] + Duration (s) of each individual boost test. + + rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL] + Interval (s) between each boost test. + + rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL] + Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the + rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter. + + rcutorture.torture_runnable= [BOOT] + Start rcutorture running at boot time. + + rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL] + Specify the RCU implementation to test. + + rcutorture.verbose= [KNL] + Enable additional printk() statements. + + rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL] + Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages. + + rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL] + Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages. + + rcupdate.rcu_expedited= [KNL] + Use expedited grace-period primitives, for + example, synchronize_rcu_expedited() instead + of synchronize_rcu(). This reduces latency, + but can increase CPU utilization, degrade + real-time latency, and degrade energy efficiency. + No effect on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels. + + rcupdate.rcu_normal= [KNL] + Use only normal grace-period primitives, + for example, synchronize_rcu() instead of + synchronize_rcu_expedited(). This improves + real-time latency, CPU utilization, and + energy efficiency, but can expose users to + increased grace-period latency. This parameter + overrides rcupdate.rcu_expedited. No effect on + CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels. + + rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot= [KNL] + Once boot has completed (that is, after + rcu_end_inkernel_boot() has been invoked), use + only normal grace-period primitives. No effect + on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels. + + rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_timeout= [KNL] + Set timeout in jiffies for RCU task stall warning + messages. Disable with a value less than or equal + to zero. + + rcupdate.rcu_self_test= [KNL] + Run the RCU early boot self tests + + rcupdate.rcu_self_test_bh= [KNL] + Run the RCU bh early boot self tests + + rcupdate.rcu_self_test_sched= [KNL] + Run the RCU sched early boot self tests + + rdinit= [KNL] + Format: + Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk, + used for early userspace startup. See initrd. + + reboot= [KNL] + Format (x86 or x86_64): + [w[arm] | c[old] | h[ard] | s[oft] | g[pio]] \ + [[,]s[mp]#### \ + [[,]b[ios] | a[cpi] | k[bd] | t[riple] | e[fi] | p[ci]] \ + [[,]f[orce] + Where reboot_mode is one of warm (soft) or cold (hard) or gpio, + reboot_type is one of bios, acpi, kbd, triple, efi, or pci, + reboot_force is either force or not specified, + reboot_cpu is s[mp]#### with #### being the processor + to be used for rebooting. + + relax_domain_level= + [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level. + See Documentation/cgroup-v1/cpusets.txt. + + relative_sleep_states= + [SUSPEND] Use sleep state labeling where the deepest + state available other than hibernation is always "mem". + Format: { "0" | "1" } + 0 -- Traditional sleep state labels. + 1 -- Relative sleep state labels. + + reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area + + reservetop= [X86-32] + Format: nn[KMG] + Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual + address space. + + reservelow= [X86] + Format: nn[K] + Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at + the bottom of the address space. + + reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device + during initialization. + + resume= [SWSUSP] + Specify the partition device for software suspend + Format: + {/dev/ | PARTUUID= | : | } + + resume_offset= [SWSUSP] + Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition + given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located, + in units (needed only for swap files). + See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt + + resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to + read the resume files + + resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up. + Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously + (e.g. USB and MMC devices). + + hibernate= [HIBERNATION] + noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image + present during boot. + nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images. + no Disable hibernation and resume. + protect_image Turn on image protection during restoration + (that will set all pages holding image data + during restoration read-only). + + retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction + + rfkill.default_state= + 0 "airplane mode". All wifi, bluetooth, wimax, gps, fm, + etc. communication is blocked by default. + 1 Unblocked. + + rfkill.master_switch_mode= + 0 The "airplane mode" button does nothing. + 1 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything + blocked and the previous configuration. + 2 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything + blocked and everything unblocked. + + rhash_entries= [KNL,NET] + Set number of hash buckets for route cache + + ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot + + rodata= [KNL] + on Mark read-only kernel memory as read-only (default). + off Leave read-only kernel memory writable for debugging. + + rockchip.usb_uart + Enable the uart passthrough on the designated usb port + on Rockchip SoCs. When active, the signals of the + debug-uart get routed to the D+ and D- pins of the usb + port and the regular usb controller gets disabled. + + root= [KNL] Root filesystem + See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c. + + rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to + mount the root filesystem + + rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string + + rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type + + rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up. + Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously + (e.g. USB and MMC devices). + + rproc_mem=nn[KMG][@address] + [KNL,ARM,CMA] Remoteproc physical memory block. + Memory area to be used by remote processor image, + managed by CMA. + + rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot + + S [KNL] Run init in single mode + + s390_iommu= [HW,S390] + Set s390 IOTLB flushing mode + strict + With strict flushing every unmap operation will result in + an IOTLB flush. Default is lazy flushing before reuse, + which is faster. + + sa1100ir [NET] + See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c. + + sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter + + sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages. + + schedstats= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable scheduled statistics. + Allowed values are enable and disable. This feature + incurs a small amount of overhead in the scheduler + but is useful for debugging and performance tuning. + + skew_tick= [KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate + xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock + contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set. + Format: { "0" | "1" } + 0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1" + 1 -- enable. + Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be + enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads. + + security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot. + If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first + security module asking for security registration will be + loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated + as if no module has been chosen. + + selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time. + Format: { "0" | "1" } + See security/selinux/Kconfig help text. + 0 -- disable. + 1 -- enable. + Default value is set via kernel config option. + If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used + later to disable prior to initial policy load. + + apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time + Format: { "0" | "1" } + See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text + 0 -- disable. + 1 -- enable. + Default value is set via kernel config option. + + serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32] + + shapers= [NET] + Maximal number of shapers. + + show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings + Format: { } + Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings. + The parameter means the number of CPUs to show, + for example 1 means boot CPU only. + + simeth= [IA-64] + simscsi= + + slram= [HW,MTD] + + slab_nomerge [MM] + Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be + necessary if there is some reason to distinguish + allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable + merging on their own. + For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt. + + slab_max_order= [MM, SLAB] + Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs. + A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory + fragmentation. Defaults to 1 for systems with + more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise. + + slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB] + Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the + culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling + slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and + may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the + last alloc / free. For more information see + Documentation/vm/slub.txt. + + slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB] + Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs. + A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory + fragmentation. For more information see + Documentation/vm/slub.txt. + + slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB] + The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will + increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to + generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain + the number of objects indicated. The higher the number + of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs + and the less frequently locks need to be acquired. + For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt. + + slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB] + Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be + lower than slub_max_order. + For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt. + + slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB] + Same with slab_nomerge. This is supported for legacy. + See slab_nomerge for more information. + + smart2= [HW] + Format: [,[,...,]] + + smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices + smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port + smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port + smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port + smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line + smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel + smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type: + 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select) + 1: Fast pin select (default) + 2: ATC IRMode + + smt [KNL,S390] Set the maximum number of threads (logical + CPUs) to use per physical CPU on systems capable of + symmetric multithreading (SMT). Will be capped to the + actual hardware limit. + Format: + Default: -1 (no limit) + + softlockup_panic= + [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics. + Format: + + softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace= + [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate + backtraces on all cpus. + Format: + + sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver + See Documentation/laptops/sonypi.txt + + spia_io_base= [HW,MTD] + spia_fio_base= + spia_pedr= + spia_peddr= + + stacktrace [FTRACE] + Enabled the stack tracer on boot up. + + stacktrace_filter=[function-list] + [FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer + will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated + list of functions. This list can be changed at run + time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs + tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing + and the stacktrace above is not needed. + + sti= [PARISC,HW] + Format: + Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC + machines) console (graphic card) which should be used + as the initial boot-console. + See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c. + + sti_font= [HW] + See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c. + + stifb= [HW] + Format: bpp:[:[:...]] + + sunrpc.min_resvport= + sunrpc.max_resvport= + [NFS,SUNRPC] + SunRPC servers often require that client requests + originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the + range 0 < portnr < 1024). + An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these + ports for other uses may adjust the range that the + kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged + using these two parameters to set the minimum and + maximum port values. + + sunrpc.svc_rpc_per_connection_limit= + [NFS,SUNRPC] + Limit the number of requests that the server will + process in parallel from a single connection. + The default value is 0 (no limit). + + sunrpc.pool_mode= + [NFS] + Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to + service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs + you have and where their interrupts are bound, this + option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving. + Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the + NFS server is running. + + auto the server chooses an appropriate mode + automatically using heuristics + global a single global pool contains all CPUs + percpu one pool for each CPU + pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent + to global on non-NUMA machines) + + sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries= + sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries= + [NFS,SUNRPC] + Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous + RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a + server. Increasing these values may allow you to + improve throughput, but will also increase the + amount of memory reserved for use by the client. + + suspend.pm_test_delay= + [SUSPEND] + Sets the number of seconds to remain in a suspend test + mode before resuming the system (see + /sys/power/pm_test). Only available when CONFIG_PM_DEBUG + is set. Default value is 5. + + swapaccount=[0|1] + [KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource + controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable + it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt) + + swiotlb= [ARM,IA-64,PPC,MIPS,X86] + Format: { | force } + -- Number of I/O TLB slabs + force -- force using of bounce buffers even if they + wouldn't be automatically used by the kernel + + switches= [HW,M68k] + + sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL] + Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev + on older distributions. When this option is enabled + very new udev will not work anymore. When this option + is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled) + in older udev will not work anymore. + Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in + the kernel configuration. + + sysrq_always_enabled + [KNL] + Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will + neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq. + Useful for debugging. + + tcpmhash_entries= [KNL,NET] + Set the number of tcp_metrics_hash slots. + Default value is 8192 or 16384 depending on total + ram pages. This is used to specify the TCP metrics + cache size. See Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt + "tcp_no_metrics_save" section for more details. + + tdfx= [HW,DRM] + + test_suspend= [SUSPEND][,N] + Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for + standby suspend) or "freeze" (for suspend type freeze) + as the system sleep state during system startup with + the optional capability to repeat N number of times. + The system is woken from this state using a + wakeup-capable RTC alarm. + + thash_entries= [KNL,NET] + Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection + + thermal.act= [HW,ACPI] + -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones + : override all lowest active trip points + + thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI] + -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones + : override all critical trip points + + thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI] + Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone + critical and hot trip points. + + thermal.off= [HW,ACPI] + 1: disable ACPI thermal control + + thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI] + -1: disable all passive trip points + : override all passive trip points to this + value + + thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI] + Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate + : poll all this frequency + 0: no polling (default) + + threadirqs [KNL] + Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those + marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD. + + tmem [KNL,XEN] + Enable the Transcendent memory driver if built-in. + + tmem.cleancache=0|1 [KNL, XEN] + Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the cleancache + API to send anonymous pages to the hypervisor. + + tmem.frontswap=0|1 [KNL, XEN] + Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the frontswap + API to send swap pages to the hypervisor. If disabled + the selfballooning and selfshrinking are force disabled. + + tmem.selfballooning=0|1 [KNL, XEN] + Default is on (1). Disable the driving of swap pages + to the hypervisor. + + tmem.selfshrinking=0|1 [KNL, XEN] + Default is on (1). Partial swapoff that immediately + transfers pages from Xen hypervisor back to the + kernel based on different criteria. + + topology= [S390] + Format: {off | on} + Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu + topology information if the hardware supports this. + The scheduler will make use of this information and + e.g. base its process migration decisions on it. + Default is on. + + topology_updates= [KNL, PPC, NUMA] + Format: {off} + Specify if the kernel should ignore (off) + topology updates sent by the hypervisor to this + LPAR. + + tp720= [HW,PS2] + + tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM] + Format: integer pcr id + Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver + should extend the specified pcr with zeros, + as a workaround for some chips which fail to + flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState. + This will guarantee that all the other pcrs + are saved. + + trace_buf_size=nn[KMG] + [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size on each cpu. + + trace_event=[event-list] + [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order + to facilitate early boot debugging. The event-list is a + comma separated list of trace events to enable. See + also Documentation/trace/events.txt + + trace_options=[option-list] + [FTRACE] Enable or disable tracer options at boot. + The option-list is a comma delimited list of options + that can be enabled or disabled just as if you were + to echo the option name into + + /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_options + + For example, to enable stacktrace option (to dump the + stack trace of each event), add to the command line: + + trace_options=stacktrace + + See also Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt "trace options" + section. + + tp_printk[FTRACE] + Have the tracepoints sent to printk as well as the + tracing ring buffer. This is useful for early boot up + where the system hangs or reboots and does not give the + option for reading the tracing buffer or performing a + ftrace_dump_on_oops. + + To turn off having tracepoints sent to printk, + echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/tracepoint_printk + Note, echoing 1 into this file without the + tracepoint_printk kernel cmdline option has no effect. + + ** CAUTION ** + + Having tracepoints sent to printk() and activating high + frequency tracepoints such as irq or sched, can cause + the system to live lock. + + traceoff_on_warning + [FTRACE] enable this option to disable tracing when a + warning is hit. This turns off "tracing_on". Tracing can + be enabled again by echoing '1' into the "tracing_on" + file located in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/ + + This option is useful, as it disables the trace before + the WARNING dump is called, which prevents the trace to + be filled with content caused by the warning output. + + This option can also be set at run time via the sysctl + option: kernel/traceoff_on_warning + + transparent_hugepage= + [KNL] + Format: [always|madvise|never] + Can be used to control the default behavior of the system + with respect to transparent hugepages. + See Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt for more details. + + tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC. + Format: + [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this + disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well + as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable + high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in + virtualized environment. + [x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting. + Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any + platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting + can add overhead. + + turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY] + TurboGraFX parallel port interface + Format: + ,,,,,,, + See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt + + udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that + happen after console_init() and before a proper + console driver takes over, this boot options might + help "seeing" what's going on. + + uhash_entries= [KNL,NET] + Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections + + uhci-hcd.ignore_oc= + [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N). + Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of + bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to + anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming. + Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be + reported either. + + unknown_nmi_panic + [X86] Cause panic on unknown NMI. + + usbcore.authorized_default= + [USB] Default USB device authorization: + (default -1 = authorized except for wireless USB, + 0 = not authorized, 1 = authorized) + + usbcore.autosuspend= + [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used + for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This + is the time required before an idle device will be + autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set + to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all. + + usbcore.usbfs_snoop= + [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off). + + usbcore.usbfs_snoop_max= + [USB] Maximum number of bytes to snoop in each URB + (default = 65536). + + usbcore.blinkenlights= + [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off). + + usbcore.old_scheme_first= + [USB] Start with the old device initialization + scheme (default 0 = off). + + usbcore.usbfs_memory_mb= + [USB] Memory limit (in MB) for buffers allocated by + usbfs (default = 16, 0 = max = 2047). + + usbcore.use_both_schemes= + [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme + if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled). + + usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout= + [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte + USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds + (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds). + + usbcore.nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem + + usbhid.mousepoll= + [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at. + + usb-storage.delay_use= + [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is + scanned for Logical Units (default 1). + + usb-storage.quirks= + [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or + override the built-in unusual_devs list. List + entries are separated by commas. Each entry has + the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor + and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and + Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding + to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows: + a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes + of sense data); + b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18 + bytes of sense data); + c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported + device capacity by one sector); + d = NO_READ_DISC_INFO (don't use + READ_DISC_INFO command); + e = NO_READ_CAPACITY_16 (don't use + READ_CAPACITY_16 command); + f = NO_REPORT_OPCODES (don't use report opcodes + command, uas only); + g = MAX_SECTORS_240 (don't transfer more than + 240 sectors at a time, uas only); + h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the + reported device capacity by one + sector if the number is odd); + i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this + device); + j = NO_REPORT_LUNS (don't use report luns + command, uas only); + l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and + unlock ejectable media); + m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more + than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time); + n = INITIAL_READ10 (force a retry of the + initial READ(10) command); + o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity + reported by the device); + p = WRITE_CACHE (the device cache is ON + by default); + r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports + bogus residue values); + s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one + Logical Unit); + t = NO_ATA_1X (don't allow ATA(12) and ATA(16) + commands, uas only); + u = IGNORE_UAS (don't bind to the uas driver); + w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the + medium is write-protected). + y = ALWAYS_SYNC (issue a SYNCHRONIZE_CACHE + even if the device claims no cache) + Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc + + user_debug= [KNL,ARM] + Format: + See arch/arm/Kconfig.debug help text. + 1 - undefined instruction events + 2 - system calls + 4 - invalid data aborts + 8 - SIGSEGV faults + 16 - SIGBUS faults + Example: user_debug=31 + + userpte= + [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations. + + nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in + HIGHMEM regardless of setting + of CONFIG_HIGHPTE. + + vdso= [X86,SH] + On X86_32, this is an alias for vdso32=. Otherwise: + + vdso=1: enable VDSO (the default) + vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping + + vdso32= [X86] Control the 32-bit vDSO + vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO + vdso32=0 or vdso32=2: disable 32-bit VDSO + + See the help text for CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO for more + details. If CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO is set, the default is + vdso32=0; otherwise, the default is vdso32=1. + + For compatibility with older kernels, vdso32=2 is an + alias for vdso32=0. + + Try vdso32=0 if you encounter an error that says: + dl_main: Assertion `(void *) ph->p_vaddr == _rtld_local._dl_sysinfo_dso' failed! + + vector= [IA-64,SMP] + vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain + + video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration + See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt. + + video.brightness_switch_enabled= [0,1] + If set to 1, on receiving an ACPI notify event + generated by hotkey, video driver will adjust brightness + level and then send out the event to user space through + the allocated input device; If set to 0, video driver + will only send out the event without touching backlight + brightness level. + default: 1 + + virtio_mmio.device= + [VMMIO] Memory mapped virtio (platform) device. + + @:[:] + where: + := size (can use standard suffixes + like K, M and G) + := physical base address + := interrupt number (as passed to + request_irq()) + := (optional) platform device id + example: + virtio_mmio.device=1K@0x100b0000:48:7 + + Can be used multiple times for multiple devices. + + vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode + See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and + Documentation/svga.txt. + Use vga=ask for menu. + This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is + passed to the kernel using a special protocol. + + vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact + size of . This can be used to increase the + minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to + decrease the size and leave more room for directly + mapped kernel RAM. + + vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt. + Format: + + vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic. + Format: + + vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off. + Format: + + vsyscall= [X86-64] + Controls the behavior of vsyscalls (i.e. calls to + fixed addresses of 0xffffffffff600x00 from legacy + code). Most statically-linked binaries and older + versions of glibc use these calls. Because these + functions are at fixed addresses, they make nice + targets for exploits that can control RIP. + + emulate [default] Vsyscalls turn into traps and are + emulated reasonably safely. + + native Vsyscalls are native syscall instructions. + This is a little bit faster than trapping + and makes a few dynamic recompilers work + better than they would in emulation mode. + It also makes exploits much easier to write. + + none Vsyscalls don't work at all. This makes + them quite hard to use for exploits but + might break your system. + + vt.color= [VT] Default text color. + Format: 0xYX, X = foreground, Y = background. + Default: 0x07 = light gray on black. + + vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape. + Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as + the parameters of the [?A;B;Cc escape sequence; + see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline. + + vt.default_blu= [VT] + Format: ,,,..., + Change the default blue palette of the console. + This is a 16-member array composed of values + ranging from 0-255. + + vt.default_grn= [VT] + Format: ,,,..., + Change the default green palette of the console. + This is a 16-member array composed of values + ranging from 0-255. + + vt.default_red= [VT] + Format: ,,,..., + Change the default red palette of the console. + This is a 16-member array composed of values + ranging from 0-255. + + vt.default_utf8= + [VT] + Format=<0|1> + Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's. + Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all + newly opened terminals. + + vt.global_cursor_default= + [VT] + Format=<-1|0|1> + Set system-wide default for whether a cursor + is shown on new VTs. Default is -1, + i.e. cursors will be created by default unless + overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide + cursors, 1 will display them. + + vt.italic= [VT] Default color for italic text; 0-15. + Default: 2 = green. + + vt.underline= [VT] Default color for underlined text; 0-15. + Default: 3 = cyan. + + watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers, + see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt + or other driver-specific files in the + Documentation/watchdog/ directory. + + workqueue.watchdog_thresh= + If CONFIG_WQ_WATCHDOG is configured, workqueue can + warn stall conditions and dump internal state to + help debugging. 0 disables workqueue stall + detection; otherwise, it's the stall threshold + duration in seconds. The default value is 30 and + it can be updated at runtime by writing to the + corresponding sysfs file. + + workqueue.disable_numa + By default, all work items queued to unbound + workqueues are affine to the NUMA nodes they're + issued on, which results in better behavior in + general. If NUMA affinity needs to be disabled for + whatever reason, this option can be used. Note + that this also can be controlled per-workqueue for + workqueues visible under /sys/bus/workqueue/. + + workqueue.power_efficient + Per-cpu workqueues are generally preferred because + they show better performance thanks to cache + locality; unfortunately, per-cpu workqueues tend to + be more power hungry than unbound workqueues. + + Enabling this makes the per-cpu workqueues which + were observed to contribute significantly to power + consumption unbound, leading to measurably lower + power usage at the cost of small performance + overhead. + + The default value of this parameter is determined by + the config option CONFIG_WQ_POWER_EFFICIENT_DEFAULT. + + workqueue.debug_force_rr_cpu + Workqueue used to implicitly guarantee that work + items queued without explicit CPU specified are put + on the local CPU. This guarantee is no longer true + and while local CPU is still preferred work items + may be put on foreign CPUs. This debug option + forces round-robin CPU selection to flush out + usages which depend on the now broken guarantee. + When enabled, memory and cache locality will be + impacted. + + x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of + default x2apic cluster mode on platforms + supporting x2apic. + + x86_intel_mid_timer= [X86-32,APBT] + Choose timer option for x86 Intel MID platform. + Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer + plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer. + x86_intel_mid_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt + + xen_512gb_limit [KNL,X86-64,XEN] + Restricts the kernel running paravirtualized under Xen + to use only up to 512 GB of RAM. The reason to do so is + crash analysis tools and Xen tools for doing domain + save/restore/migration must be enabled to handle larger + domains. + + xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN] + Unplug Xen emulated devices + Format: [unplug0,][unplug1] + ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices + aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices + nics -- unplug network devices + all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks) + unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is + unnecessary even if the host did not respond to + the unplug protocol + never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds + + xen_nopvspin [X86,XEN] + Disables the ticketlock slowpath using Xen PV + optimizations. + + xen_nopv [X86] + Disables the PV optimizations forcing the HVM guest to + run as generic HVM guest with no PV drivers. + + xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA] + Format: + ,,,,,[,[,[,]]] From 07c7e30c1885393b07efcaf62d51b219755b6bf5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jani Nikula Date: Thu, 3 Nov 2016 12:11:50 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 12/12] Documentation/admin-guide: split the device list to a separate file Include the literal device list from a separate file. This helps the pdf build. Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula --- Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst | 3086 +------------------------ Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt | 3081 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 3083 insertions(+), 3084 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst index 89db341fba7a..7fadc05330dd 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst @@ -56,3090 +56,8 @@ an unreasonable effort. Your cooperation is appreciated. -:: - - 0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts) - 0 = reserved as null device number - See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas. - - 1 char Memory devices - 1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access - 2 = /dev/kmem Kernel virtual memory access - 3 = /dev/null Null device - 4 = /dev/port I/O port access - 5 = /dev/zero Null byte source - 6 = /dev/core OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore - 7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write - 8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen. - 9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen. - 10 = /dev/aio Asynchronous I/O notification interface - 11 = /dev/kmsg Writes to this come out as printk's, reads - export the buffered printk records. - 12 = /dev/oldmem OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/vmcore - - 1 block RAM disk - 0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk - 1 = /dev/ram1 Second RAM disk - ... - 250 = /dev/initrd Initial RAM disk - - Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here. - /dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded - by the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 for - the initrd. - - 2 char Pseudo-TTY masters - 0 = /dev/ptyp0 First PTY master - 1 = /dev/ptyp1 Second PTY master - ... - 255 = /dev/ptyef 256th PTY master - - Pseudo-tty's are named as follows: - * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty"; - * the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating - the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and - * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating - the position within the series. - - These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98 - devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY - master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on - demand. - - 2 block Floppy disks - 0 = /dev/fd0 Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect - 1 = /dev/fd1 Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect - 2 = /dev/fd2 Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect - 3 = /dev/fd3 Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect - 128 = /dev/fd4 Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect - 129 = /dev/fd5 Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect - 130 = /dev/fd6 Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect - 131 = /dev/fd7 Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect - - To specify format, add to the autodetect device number: - 0 = /dev/fd? Autodetect format - 4 = /dev/fd?d360 5.25" 360K in a 360K drive(1) - 20 = /dev/fd?h360 5.25" 360K in a 1200K drive(1) - 48 = /dev/fd?h410 5.25" 410K in a 1200K drive - 64 = /dev/fd?h420 5.25" 420K in a 1200K drive - 24 = /dev/fd?h720 5.25" 720K in a 1200K drive - 80 = /dev/fd?h880 5.25" 880K in a 1200K drive(1) - 8 = /dev/fd?h1200 5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1) - 40 = /dev/fd?h1440 5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1) - 56 = /dev/fd?h1476 5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive - 72 = /dev/fd?h1494 5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive - 92 = /dev/fd?h1600 5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1) - - 12 = /dev/fd?u360 3.5" 360K Double Density(2) - 16 = /dev/fd?u720 3.5" 720K Double Density(1) - 120 = /dev/fd?u800 3.5" 800K Double Density(2) - 52 = /dev/fd?u820 3.5" 820K Double Density - 68 = /dev/fd?u830 3.5" 830K Double Density - 84 = /dev/fd?u1040 3.5" 1040K Double Density(1) - 88 = /dev/fd?u1120 3.5" 1120K Double Density(1) - 28 = /dev/fd?u1440 3.5" 1440K High Density(1) - 124 = /dev/fd?u1600 3.5" 1600K High Density(1) - 44 = /dev/fd?u1680 3.5" 1680K High Density(3) - 60 = /dev/fd?u1722 3.5" 1722K High Density - 76 = /dev/fd?u1743 3.5" 1743K High Density - 96 = /dev/fd?u1760 3.5" 1760K High Density - 116 = /dev/fd?u1840 3.5" 1840K High Density(3) - 100 = /dev/fd?u1920 3.5" 1920K High Density(1) - 32 = /dev/fd?u2880 3.5" 2880K Extra Density(1) - 104 = /dev/fd?u3200 3.5" 3200K Extra Density - 108 = /dev/fd?u3520 3.5" 3520K Extra Density - 112 = /dev/fd?u3840 3.5" 3840K Extra Density(1) - - 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete? - - (1) Autodetectable format - (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only - (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only - - NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u) - signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d), - 5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5" - (any model, u). The use of the capital letters D, H - and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since - the drive type is insignificant for these devices. - - 3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves - 0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave - 1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave - ... - 255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave - - These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98 - devices are on major 136 and above. - - 3 block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdb Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - For partitions, add to the whole disk device number: - 0 = /dev/hd? Whole disk - 1 = /dev/hd?1 First partition - 2 = /dev/hd?2 Second partition - ... - 63 = /dev/hd?63 63rd partition - - For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary - partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions. - Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes - appropriate to their respective architectures. - - 4 char TTY devices - 0 = /dev/tty0 Current virtual console - - 1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console - ... - 63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console - 64 = /dev/ttyS0 First UART serial port - ... - 255 = /dev/ttyS191 192nd UART serial port - - UART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices. - - Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major - number for BSD PTY devices. As of Linux 2.1.115, this - is no longer supported. Use major numbers 2 and 3. - - 4 block Aliases for dynamically allocated major devices to be used - when its not possible to create the real device nodes - because the root filesystem is mounted read-only. - - 0 = /dev/root - - 5 char Alternate TTY devices - 0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device - 1 = /dev/console System console - 2 = /dev/ptmx PTY master multiplex - 3 = /dev/ttyprintk User messages via printk TTY device - 64 = /dev/cua0 Callout device for ttyS0 - ... - 255 = /dev/cua191 Callout device for ttyS191 - - (5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71. See - the section on terminal devices for more information - on /dev/console. - - 6 char Parallel printer devices - 0 = /dev/lp0 Parallel printer on parport0 - 1 = /dev/lp1 Parallel printer on parport1 - ... - - Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping - between parallel ports and I/O addresses. Instead, - they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer. - - 7 char Virtual console capture devices - 0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text contents - 1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text contents - ... - 63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text contents - 128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute contents - 129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute contents - ... - 191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute contents - - NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access. - - 7 block Loopback devices - 0 = /dev/loop0 First loop device - 1 = /dev/loop1 Second loop device - ... - - The loop devices are used to mount filesystems not - associated with block devices. The binding to the - loop devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8). - - 8 block SCSI disk devices (0-15) - 0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdp Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 9 char SCSI tape devices - 0 = /dev/st0 First SCSI tape, mode 0 - 1 = /dev/st1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0 - ... - 32 = /dev/st0l First SCSI tape, mode 1 - 33 = /dev/st1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1 - ... - 64 = /dev/st0m First SCSI tape, mode 2 - 65 = /dev/st1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2 - ... - 96 = /dev/st0a First SCSI tape, mode 3 - 97 = /dev/st1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3 - ... - 128 = /dev/nst0 First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind - 129 = /dev/nst1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind - ... - 160 = /dev/nst0l First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind - 161 = /dev/nst1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind - ... - 192 = /dev/nst0m First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind - 193 = /dev/nst1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind - ... - 224 = /dev/nst0a First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind - 225 = /dev/nst1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind - ... - - "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default - automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL - ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of - the device used to access it. - - 9 block Metadisk (RAID) devices - 0 = /dev/md0 First metadisk group - 1 = /dev/md1 Second metadisk group - ... - - The metadisk driver is used to span a - filesystem across multiple physical disks. - - 10 char Non-serial mice, misc features - 0 = /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse - 1 = /dev/psaux PS/2-style mouse port - 2 = /dev/inportbm Microsoft Inport bus mouse - 3 = /dev/atibm ATI XL bus mouse - 4 = /dev/jbm J-mouse - 4 = /dev/amigamouse Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga) - 5 = /dev/atarimouse Atari mouse - 6 = /dev/sunmouse Sun mouse - 7 = /dev/amigamouse1 Second Amiga mouse - 8 = /dev/smouse Simple serial mouse driver - 9 = /dev/pc110pad IBM PC-110 digitizer pad - 10 = /dev/adbmouse Apple Desktop Bus mouse - 11 = /dev/vrtpanel Vr41xx embedded touch panel - 13 = /dev/vpcmouse Connectix Virtual PC Mouse - 14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00 UCB 1x00 touchscreen - 15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712 MK712 touchscreen - 128 = /dev/beep Fancy beep device - 129 = - 130 = /dev/watchdog Watchdog timer port - 131 = /dev/temperature Machine internal temperature - 132 = /dev/hwtrap Hardware fault trap - 133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap - 134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS - 135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock - 137 = /dev/vhci Bluetooth virtual HCI driver - 139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM - 140 = /dev/relay8 Berkshire Products Octal relay card - 141 = /dev/relay16 Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card - 142 = - 143 = /dev/pciconf PCI configuration space - 144 = /dev/nvram Non-volatile configuration RAM - 145 = /dev/hfmodem Soundcard shortwave modem control - 146 = /dev/graphics Linux/SGI graphics device - 147 = /dev/opengl Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe - 148 = /dev/gfx Linux/SGI graphics effects device - 149 = /dev/input/mouse Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse - 150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard - 151 = /dev/led Front panel LEDs - 152 = /dev/kpoll Kernel Poll Driver - 153 = /dev/mergemem Memory merge device - 154 = /dev/pmu Macintosh PowerBook power manager - 155 = /dev/isictl MultiTech ISICom serial control - 156 = /dev/lcd Front panel LCD display - 157 = /dev/ac Applicom Intl Profibus card - 158 = /dev/nwbutton Netwinder external button - 159 = /dev/nwdebug Netwinder debug interface - 160 = /dev/nwflash Netwinder flash memory - 161 = /dev/userdma User-space DMA access - 162 = /dev/smbus System Management Bus - 163 = /dev/lik Logitech Internet Keyboard - 164 = /dev/ipmo Intel Intelligent Platform Management - 165 = /dev/vmmon VMware virtual machine monitor - 166 = /dev/i2o/ctl I2O configuration manager - 167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control - 168 = /dev/tcldrv Technology Concepts serial control - 169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control - 170 = /dev/thinkpad/thinkpad IBM Thinkpad devices - 171 = /dev/srripc QNX4 API IPC manager - 172 = /dev/usemaclone Semaphore clone device - 173 = /dev/ipmikcs Intelligent Platform Management - 174 = /dev/uctrl SPARCbook 3 microcontroller - 175 = /dev/agpgart AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table - 176 = /dev/gtrsc Gorgy Timing radio clock - 177 = /dev/cbm Serial CBM bus - 178 = /dev/jsflash JavaStation OS flash SIMM - 179 = /dev/xsvc High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service - 180 = /dev/vrbuttons Vr41xx button input device - 181 = /dev/toshiba Toshiba laptop SMM support - 182 = /dev/perfctr Performance-monitoring counters - 183 = /dev/hwrng Generic random number generator - 184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface - 186 = /dev/atomicps Atomic shapshot of process state data - 187 = /dev/irnet IrNET device - 188 = /dev/smbusbios SMBus BIOS - 189 = /dev/ussp_ctl User space serial port control - 190 = /dev/crash Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility - 191 = /dev/pcl181 - 192 = /dev/nas_xbus NAS xbus LCD/buttons access - 193 = /dev/d7s SPARC 7-segment display - 194 = /dev/zkshim Zero-Knowledge network shim control - 195 = /dev/elographics/e2201 Elographics touchscreen E271-2201 - 196 = /dev/vfio/vfio VFIO userspace driver interface - 197 = /dev/pxa3xx-gcu PXA3xx graphics controller unit driver - 198 = /dev/sexec Signed executable interface - 199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner - 200 = /dev/net/tun TAP/TUN network device - 201 = /dev/button/gulpb Transmeta GULP-B buttons - 202 = /dev/emd/ctl Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) control - 203 = /dev/cuse Cuse (character device in user-space) - 204 = /dev/video/em8300 EM8300 DVD decoder control - 205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv EM8300 DVD decoder video - 206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma EM8300 DVD decoder audio - 207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture - 208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller - 209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid Compaq Remote Insight Driver - 210 = /dev/impi/bt IMPI coprocessor block transfer - 211 = /dev/impi/smic IMPI coprocessor stream interface - 212 = /dev/watchdogs/0 First watchdog device - 213 = /dev/watchdogs/1 Second watchdog device - 214 = /dev/watchdogs/2 Third watchdog device - 215 = /dev/watchdogs/3 Fourth watchdog device - 216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel Fujitsu/Siemens application panel - 217 = /dev/ni/natmotn National Instruments Motion - 218 = /dev/kchuid Inter-process chuid control - 219 = /dev/modems/mwave MWave modem firmware upload - 220 = /dev/mptctl Message passing technology (MPT) control - 221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver - 222 = /dev/mvista/hasi Montavista PICMG high availability - 223 = /dev/input/uinput User level driver support for input - 224 = /dev/tpm TCPA TPM driver - 225 = /dev/pps Pulse Per Second driver - 226 = /dev/systrace Systrace device - 227 = /dev/mcelog X86_64 Machine Check Exception driver - 228 = /dev/hpet HPET driver - 229 = /dev/fuse Fuse (virtual filesystem in user-space) - 230 = /dev/midishare MidiShare driver - 231 = /dev/snapshot System memory snapshot device - 232 = /dev/kvm Kernel-based virtual machine (hardware virtualization extensions) - 233 = /dev/kmview View-OS A process with a view - 234 = /dev/btrfs-control Btrfs control device - 235 = /dev/autofs Autofs control device - 236 = /dev/mapper/control Device-Mapper control device - 237 = /dev/loop-control Loopback control device - 238 = /dev/vhost-net Host kernel accelerator for virtio net - 239 = /dev/uhid User-space I/O driver support for HID subsystem - - 240-254 Reserved for local use - 255 Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR - - 11 char Raw keyboard device (Linux/SPARC only) - 0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard device - - 11 char Serial Mux device (Linux/PA-RISC only) - 0 = /dev/ttyB0 First mux port - 1 = /dev/ttyB1 Second mux port - ... - - 11 block SCSI CD-ROM devices - 0 = /dev/scd0 First SCSI CD-ROM - 1 = /dev/scd1 Second SCSI CD-ROM - ... - - The prefix /dev/sr (instead of /dev/scd) has been deprecated. - - 12 char QIC-02 tape - 2 = /dev/ntpqic11 QIC-11, no rewind-on-close - 3 = /dev/tpqic11 QIC-11, rewind-on-close - 4 = /dev/ntpqic24 QIC-24, no rewind-on-close - 5 = /dev/tpqic24 QIC-24, rewind-on-close - 6 = /dev/ntpqic120 QIC-120, no rewind-on-close - 7 = /dev/tpqic120 QIC-120, rewind-on-close - 8 = /dev/ntpqic150 QIC-150, no rewind-on-close - 9 = /dev/tpqic150 QIC-150, rewind-on-close - - The device names specified are proposed -- if there - are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know. - - 12 block - - 13 char Input core - 0 = /dev/input/js0 First joystick - 1 = /dev/input/js1 Second joystick - ... - 32 = /dev/input/mouse0 First mouse - 33 = /dev/input/mouse1 Second mouse - ... - 63 = /dev/input/mice Unified mouse - 64 = /dev/input/event0 First event queue - 65 = /dev/input/event1 Second event queue - ... - - Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors). - - 13 block Previously used for the XT disk (/dev/xdN) - Deleted in kernel v3.9. - - 14 char Open Sound System (OSS) - 0 = /dev/mixer Mixer control - 1 = /dev/sequencer Audio sequencer - 2 = /dev/midi00 First MIDI port - 3 = /dev/dsp Digital audio - 4 = /dev/audio Sun-compatible digital audio - 6 = - 7 = /dev/audioctl SPARC audio control device - 8 = /dev/sequencer2 Sequencer -- alternate device - 16 = /dev/mixer1 Second soundcard mixer control - 17 = /dev/patmgr0 Sequencer patch manager - 18 = /dev/midi01 Second MIDI port - 19 = /dev/dsp1 Second soundcard digital audio - 20 = /dev/audio1 Second soundcard Sun digital audio - 33 = /dev/patmgr1 Sequencer patch manager - 34 = /dev/midi02 Third MIDI port - 50 = /dev/midi03 Fourth MIDI port - - 14 block - - 15 char Joystick - 0 = /dev/js0 First analog joystick - 1 = /dev/js1 Second analog joystick - ... - 128 = /dev/djs0 First digital joystick - 129 = /dev/djs1 Second digital joystick - ... - 15 block Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/sonycd Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM - - 16 char Non-SCSI scanners - 0 = /dev/gs4500 Genius 4500 handheld scanner - - 16 block GoldStar CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/gscd GoldStar CD-ROM - - 17 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card) - 0 = /dev/ttyH0 First Chase port - 1 = /dev/ttyH1 Second Chase port - ... - 17 block Optics Storage CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM - - 18 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card - alternate devices) - 0 = /dev/cuh0 Callout device for ttyH0 - 1 = /dev/cuh1 Callout device for ttyH1 - ... - 18 block Sanyo CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM - - 19 char Cyclades serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyC0 First Cyclades port - ... - 31 = /dev/ttyC31 32nd Cyclades port - - 19 block "Double" compressed disk - 0 = /dev/double0 First compressed disk - ... - 7 = /dev/double7 Eighth compressed disk - 128 = /dev/cdouble0 Mirror of first compressed disk - ... - 135 = /dev/cdouble7 Mirror of eighth compressed disk - - See the Double documentation for the meaning of the - mirror devices. - - 20 char Cyclades serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cub0 Callout device for ttyC0 - ... - 31 = /dev/cub31 Callout device for ttyC31 - - 20 block Hitachi CD-ROM (under development) - 0 = /dev/hitcd Hitachi CD-ROM - - 21 char Generic SCSI access - 0 = /dev/sg0 First generic SCSI device - 1 = /dev/sg1 Second generic SCSI device - ... - - Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...; - this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in - the system and is counter to standard Linux - device-naming practice. - - 21 block Acorn MFM hard drive interface - 0 = /dev/mfma First MFM drive whole disk - 64 = /dev/mfmb Second MFM drive whole disk - - This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC. - Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks - (see major number 3). - - 22 char Digiboard serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port - 1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port - ... - 22 block Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hdc Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdd Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - Partitions are handled the same way as for the first - interface (see major number 3). - - 23 char Digiboard serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cud0 Callout device for ttyD0 - 1 = /dev/cud1 Callout device for ttyD1 - ... - 23 block Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM - - 24 char Stallion serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyE0 Stallion port 0 card 0 - 1 = /dev/ttyE1 Stallion port 1 card 0 - ... - 64 = /dev/ttyE64 Stallion port 0 card 1 - 65 = /dev/ttyE65 Stallion port 1 card 1 - ... - 128 = /dev/ttyE128 Stallion port 0 card 2 - 129 = /dev/ttyE129 Stallion port 1 card 2 - ... - 192 = /dev/ttyE192 Stallion port 0 card 3 - 193 = /dev/ttyE193 Stallion port 1 card 3 - ... - 24 block Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM - - 25 char Stallion serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cue0 Callout device for ttyE0 - 1 = /dev/cue1 Callout device for ttyE1 - ... - 64 = /dev/cue64 Callout device for ttyE64 - 65 = /dev/cue65 Callout device for ttyE65 - ... - 128 = /dev/cue128 Callout device for ttyE128 - 129 = /dev/cue129 Callout device for ttyE129 - ... - 192 = /dev/cue192 Callout device for ttyE192 - 193 = /dev/cue193 Callout device for ttyE193 - ... - 25 block First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/sbpcd0 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0 - 1 = /dev/sbpcd1 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1 - 2 = /dev/sbpcd2 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2 - 3 = /dev/sbpcd3 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3 - - 26 char - - 26 block Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/sbpcd4 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0 - 1 = /dev/sbpcd5 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1 - 2 = /dev/sbpcd6 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2 - 3 = /dev/sbpcd7 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3 - - 27 char QIC-117 tape - 0 = /dev/qft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close - 1 = /dev/qft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close - 2 = /dev/qft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close - 3 = /dev/qft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close - 4 = /dev/nqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close - 5 = /dev/nqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close - 6 = /dev/nqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close - 7 = /dev/nqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close - 16 = /dev/zqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression - 17 = /dev/zqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression - 18 = /dev/zqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression - 19 = /dev/zqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression - 20 = /dev/nzqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression - 21 = /dev/nzqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression - 22 = /dev/nzqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression - 23 = /dev/nzqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression - 32 = /dev/rawqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks - 33 = /dev/rawqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks - 34 = /dev/rawqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks - 35 = /dev/rawqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks - 36 = /dev/nrawqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks - 37 = /dev/nrawqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks - 38 = /dev/nrawqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks - 39 = /dev/nrawqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks - - 27 block Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/sbpcd8 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0 - 1 = /dev/sbpcd9 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1 - 2 = /dev/sbpcd10 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2 - 3 = /dev/sbpcd11 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3 - - 28 char Stallion serial card - card programming - 0 = /dev/staliomem0 First Stallion card I/O memory - 1 = /dev/staliomem1 Second Stallion card I/O memory - 2 = /dev/staliomem2 Third Stallion card I/O memory - 3 = /dev/staliomem3 Fourth Stallion card I/O memory - - 28 char Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari) - 0 = /dev/slm0 First SLM laser printer - 1 = /dev/slm1 Second SLM laser printer - ... - 28 block Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/sbpcd12 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0 - 1 = /dev/sbpcd13 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1 - 2 = /dev/sbpcd14 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2 - 3 = /dev/sbpcd15 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3 - - 28 block ACSI disk (68k/Atari) - 0 = /dev/ada First ACSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/adb Second ACSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/adc Third ACSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/adp 16th ACSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15, like SCSI. - - 29 char Universal frame buffer - 0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer - 1 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer - ... - 31 = /dev/fb31 32nd frame buffer - - 29 block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM - - 30 char iBCS-2 compatibility devices - 0 = /dev/socksys Socket access - 1 = /dev/spx SVR3 local X interface - 32 = /dev/inet/ip Network access - 33 = /dev/inet/icmp - 34 = /dev/inet/ggp - 35 = /dev/inet/ipip - 36 = /dev/inet/tcp - 37 = /dev/inet/egp - 38 = /dev/inet/pup - 39 = /dev/inet/udp - 40 = /dev/inet/idp - 41 = /dev/inet/rawip - - Additionally, iBCS-2 requires the following links: - - /dev/ip -> /dev/inet/ip - /dev/icmp -> /dev/inet/icmp - /dev/ggp -> /dev/inet/ggp - /dev/ipip -> /dev/inet/ipip - /dev/tcp -> /dev/inet/tcp - /dev/egp -> /dev/inet/egp - /dev/pup -> /dev/inet/pup - /dev/udp -> /dev/inet/udp - /dev/idp -> /dev/inet/idp - /dev/rawip -> /dev/inet/rawip - /dev/inet/arp -> /dev/inet/udp - /dev/inet/rip -> /dev/inet/udp - /dev/nfsd -> /dev/socksys - /dev/X0R -> /dev/null (? apparently not required ?) - - 30 block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM - - /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device. This - driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM. - - 31 char MPU-401 MIDI - 0 = /dev/mpu401data MPU-401 data port - 1 = /dev/mpu401stat MPU-401 status port - - 31 block ROM/flash memory card - 0 = /dev/rom0 First ROM card (rw) - ... - 7 = /dev/rom7 Eighth ROM card (rw) - 8 = /dev/rrom0 First ROM card (ro) - ... - 15 = /dev/rrom7 Eighth ROM card (ro) - 16 = /dev/flash0 First flash memory card (rw) - ... - 23 = /dev/flash7 Eighth flash memory card (rw) - 24 = /dev/rflash0 First flash memory card (ro) - ... - 31 = /dev/rflash7 Eighth flash memory card (ro) - - The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching - written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM - devices. The read-only devices (ro) support reading - only. - - 32 char Specialix serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyX0 First Specialix port - 1 = /dev/ttyX1 Second Specialix port - ... - 32 block Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/cm206cd Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM - - 33 char Specialix serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cux0 Callout device for ttyX0 - 1 = /dev/cux1 Callout device for ttyX1 - ... - 33 block Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hde Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdf Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - Partitions are handled the same way as for the first - interface (see major number 3). - - 34 char Z8530 HDLC driver - 0 = /dev/scc0 First Z8530, first port - 1 = /dev/scc1 First Z8530, second port - 2 = /dev/scc2 Second Z8530, first port - 3 = /dev/scc3 Second Z8530, second port - ... - - In a previous version these devices were named - /dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so - on. - - 34 block Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hdg Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdh Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - Partitions are handled the same way as for the first - interface (see major number 3). - - 35 char tclmidi MIDI driver - 0 = /dev/midi0 First MIDI port, kernel timed - 1 = /dev/midi1 Second MIDI port, kernel timed - 2 = /dev/midi2 Third MIDI port, kernel timed - 3 = /dev/midi3 Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed - 64 = /dev/rmidi0 First MIDI port, untimed - 65 = /dev/rmidi1 Second MIDI port, untimed - 66 = /dev/rmidi2 Third MIDI port, untimed - 67 = /dev/rmidi3 Fourth MIDI port, untimed - 128 = /dev/smpte0 First MIDI port, SMPTE timed - 129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed - 130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed - 131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed - - 35 block Slow memory ramdisk - 0 = /dev/slram Slow memory ramdisk - - 36 char Netlink support - 0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user - 1 = /dev/skip enSKIP security cache control - 3 = /dev/fwmonitor Firewall packet copies - 16 = /dev/tap0 First Ethertap device - ... - 31 = /dev/tap15 16th Ethertap device - - 36 block OBSOLETE (was MCA ESDI hard disk) - - 37 char IDE tape - 0 = /dev/ht0 First IDE tape - 1 = /dev/ht1 Second IDE tape - ... - 128 = /dev/nht0 First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close - 129 = /dev/nht1 Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close - ... - - Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported. - - 37 block Zorro II ramdisk - 0 = /dev/z2ram Zorro II ramdisk - - 38 char Myricom PCI Myrinet board - 0 = /dev/mlanai0 First Myrinet board - 1 = /dev/mlanai1 Second Myrinet board - ... - - This device is used for status query, board control - and "user level packet I/O." This board is also - accessible as a standard networking "eth" device. - - 38 block OBSOLETE (was Linux/AP+) - - 39 char ML-16P experimental I/O board - 0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0 First card, first analog channel - 1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1 First card, second analog channel - ... - 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15 First card, 16th analog channel - 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d First card, digital lines - 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0 First card, first counter/timer - 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1 First card, second counter/timer - 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2 First card, third counter/timer - 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0 Second card, first analog channel - 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1 Second card, second analog channel - ... - 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15 Second card, 16th analog channel - 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d Second card, digital lines - 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0 Second card, first counter/timer - 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1 Second card, second counter/timer - 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2 Second card, third counter/timer - ... - 39 block - - 40 char - - 40 block - - 41 char Yet Another Micro Monitor - 0 = /dev/yamm Yet Another Micro Monitor - - 41 block - - 42 char Demo/sample use - - 42 block Demo/sample use - - This number is intended for use in sample code, as - well as a general "example" device number. It - should never be used for a device driver that is being - distributed; either obtain an official number or use - the local/experimental range. The sudden addition or - removal of a driver with this number should not cause - ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.) - - IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A - DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT. - - 43 char isdn4linux virtual modem - 0 = /dev/ttyI0 First virtual modem - ... - 63 = /dev/ttyI63 64th virtual modem - - 43 block Network block devices - 0 = /dev/nb0 First network block device - 1 = /dev/nb1 Second network block device - ... - - Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback - devices: If you read from it, it sends packet across - network asking server for data. If you write to it, it - sends packet telling server to write. It could be used - to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over - the net, implementing block device in userland etc. - - 44 char isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cui0 Callout device for ttyI0 - ... - 63 = /dev/cui63 Callout device for ttyI63 - - 44 block Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems - 0 = /dev/ftla FTL on first Memory Technology Device - 16 = /dev/ftlb FTL on second Memory Technology Device - 32 = /dev/ftlc FTL on third Memory Technology Device - ... - 240 = /dev/ftlp FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the partition - limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.) - - 45 char isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver - 0 = /dev/isdn0 First virtual B channel raw data - ... - 63 = /dev/isdn63 64th virtual B channel raw data - 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0 First channel control/debug - ... - 127 = /dev/isdnctrl63 64th channel control/debug - - 128 = /dev/ippp0 First SyncPPP device - ... - 191 = /dev/ippp63 64th SyncPPP device - - 255 = /dev/isdninfo ISDN monitor interface - - 45 block Parallel port IDE disk devices - 0 = /dev/pda First parallel port IDE disk - 16 = /dev/pdb Second parallel port IDE disk - 32 = /dev/pdc Third parallel port IDE disk - 48 = /dev/pdd Fourth parallel port IDE disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the partition - limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk. - - 46 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyR0 First Rocketport port - 1 = /dev/ttyR1 Second Rocketport port - ... - 46 block Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices - 0 = /dev/pcd0 First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM - 1 = /dev/pcd1 Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM - 2 = /dev/pcd2 Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM - 3 = /dev/pcd3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM - - 47 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cur0 Callout device for ttyR0 - 1 = /dev/cur1 Callout device for ttyR1 - ... - 47 block Parallel port ATAPI disk devices - 0 = /dev/pf0 First parallel port ATAPI disk - 1 = /dev/pf1 Second parallel port ATAPI disk - 2 = /dev/pf2 Third parallel port ATAPI disk - 3 = /dev/pf3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk - - This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar - devices and hence does not support partitioning. - - 48 char SDL RISCom serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyL0 First RISCom port - 1 = /dev/ttyL1 Second RISCom port - ... - 48 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c0d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c0d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c0d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - For partitions add: - 0 = /dev/rd/c?d? Whole disk - 1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1 First partition - ... - 7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7 Seventh partition - - 49 char SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cul0 Callout device for ttyL0 - 1 = /dev/cul1 Callout device for ttyL1 - ... - 49 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c1d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c1d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c1d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 50 char Reserved for GLINT - - 50 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c2d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c2d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c2d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - 51 char Baycom radio modem OR Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem - 0 = /dev/bc0 First Baycom radio modem - 1 = /dev/bc1 Second Baycom radio modem - ... - 51 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c3d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c3d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c3d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 52 char Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card - 0 = /dev/dcbri0 First DataComm card - 1 = /dev/dcbri1 Second DataComm card - 2 = /dev/dcbri2 Third DataComm card - 3 = /dev/dcbri3 Fourth DataComm card - - 52 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c4d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c4d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c4d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 53 char BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers - 0 = /dev/pd_bdm0 PD BDM interface on lp0 - 1 = /dev/pd_bdm1 PD BDM interface on lp1 - 2 = /dev/pd_bdm2 PD BDM interface on lp2 - 4 = /dev/icd_bdm0 ICD BDM interface on lp0 - 5 = /dev/icd_bdm1 ICD BDM interface on lp1 - 6 = /dev/icd_bdm2 ICD BDM interface on lp2 - - This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx - microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a - Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public - Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface - by P&E. - - 53 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c5d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c5d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c5d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 54 char Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card - 0 = /dev/holter0 First Holter port - 1 = /dev/holter1 Second Holter port - 2 = /dev/holter2 Third Holter port - - A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL - to transfer data from Holter - 24-hour heart monitoring equipment. - - 54 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c6d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c6d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c6d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 55 char DSP56001 digital signal processor - 0 = /dev/dsp56k First DSP56001 - - 55 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c7d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c7d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c7d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 56 char Apple Desktop Bus - 0 = /dev/adb ADB bus control - - Additional devices will be added to this number, all - starting with /dev/adb. - - 56 block Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hdi Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdj Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - Partitions are handled the same way as for the first - interface (see major number 3). - - 57 char Hayes ESP serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyP0 First ESP port - 1 = /dev/ttyP1 Second ESP port - ... - - 57 block Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hdk Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdl Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - Partitions are handled the same way as for the first - interface (see major number 3). - - 58 char Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cup0 Callout device for ttyP0 - 1 = /dev/cup1 Callout device for ttyP1 - ... - - 58 block Reserved for logical volume manager - - 59 char sf firewall package - 0 = /dev/firewall Communication with sf kernel module - - 59 block Generic PDA filesystem device - 0 = /dev/pda0 First PDA device - 1 = /dev/pda1 Second PDA device - ... - - The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on - remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with - proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage - running small fs translation drivers) through serial / - IRDA / parallel links. - - NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc - - 60-63 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE - - 60-63 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE - Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not - assigned official numbers, these ranges should be - used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. - - 64 char ENskip kernel encryption package - 0 = /dev/enskip Communication with ENskip kernel module - - 64 block Scramdisk/DriveCrypt encrypted devices - 0 = /dev/scramdisk/master Master node for ioctls - 1 = /dev/scramdisk/1 First encrypted device - 2 = /dev/scramdisk/2 Second encrypted device - ... - 255 = /dev/scramdisk/255 255th encrypted device - - The filename of the encrypted container and the passwords - are sent via ioctls (using the sdmount tool) to the master - node which then activates them via one of the - /dev/scramdisk/x nodes for loop mounting (all handled - through the sdmount tool). - - Requested by: andy@scramdisklinux.org - - 65 char Sundance "plink" Transputer boards (obsolete, unused) - 0 = /dev/plink0 First plink device - 1 = /dev/plink1 Second plink device - 2 = /dev/plink2 Third plink device - 3 = /dev/plink3 Fourth plink device - 64 = /dev/rplink0 First plink device, raw - 65 = /dev/rplink1 Second plink device, raw - 66 = /dev/rplink2 Third plink device, raw - 67 = /dev/rplink3 Fourth plink device, raw - 128 = /dev/plink0d First plink device, debug - 129 = /dev/plink1d Second plink device, debug - 130 = /dev/plink2d Third plink device, debug - 131 = /dev/plink3d Fourth plink device, debug - 192 = /dev/rplink0d First plink device, raw, debug - 193 = /dev/rplink1d Second plink device, raw, debug - 194 = /dev/rplink2d Third plink device, raw, debug - 195 = /dev/rplink3d Fourth plink device, raw, debug - - This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes - for information. - - 65 block SCSI disk devices (16-31) - 0 = /dev/sdq 17th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdr 18th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sds 19th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdaf 32nd SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 66 char YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card - 0 = /dev/yppcpci0 First YARC card - 1 = /dev/yppcpci1 Second YARC card - ... - - 66 block SCSI disk devices (32-47) - 0 = /dev/sdag 33th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdah 34th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdai 35th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdav 48nd SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 67 char Coda network file system - 0 = /dev/cfs0 Coda cache manager - - See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda. - - 67 block SCSI disk devices (48-63) - 0 = /dev/sdaw 49th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdax 50th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sday 51st SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdbl 64th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 68 char CAPI 2.0 interface - 0 = /dev/capi20 Control device - 1 = /dev/capi20.00 First CAPI 2.0 application - 2 = /dev/capi20.01 Second CAPI 2.0 application - ... - 20 = /dev/capi20.19 19th CAPI 2.0 application - - ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0 - applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card. - - 68 block SCSI disk devices (64-79) - 0 = /dev/sdbm 65th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdbn 66th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdbo 67th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdcb 80th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 69 char MA16 numeric accelerator card - 0 = /dev/ma16 Board memory access - - 69 block SCSI disk devices (80-95) - 0 = /dev/sdcc 81st SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdcd 82nd SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdce 83th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdcr 96th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 70 char SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface - 0 = /dev/apscfg Configuration interface - 1 = /dev/apsauth Authentication interface - 2 = /dev/apslog Logging interface - 3 = /dev/apsdbg Debugging interface - 64 = /dev/apsisdn ISDN command interface - 65 = /dev/apsasync Async command interface - 128 = /dev/apsmon Monitor interface - - 70 block SCSI disk devices (96-111) - 0 = /dev/sdcs 97th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdct 98th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdcu 99th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sddh 112nd SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 71 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyF0 IntelliPort II board 0, port 0 - 1 = /dev/ttyF1 IntelliPort II board 0, port 1 - ... - 63 = /dev/ttyF63 IntelliPort II board 0, port 63 - 64 = /dev/ttyF64 IntelliPort II board 1, port 0 - 65 = /dev/ttyF65 IntelliPort II board 1, port 1 - ... - 127 = /dev/ttyF127 IntelliPort II board 1, port 63 - 128 = /dev/ttyF128 IntelliPort II board 2, port 0 - 129 = /dev/ttyF129 IntelliPort II board 2, port 1 - ... - 191 = /dev/ttyF191 IntelliPort II board 2, port 63 - 192 = /dev/ttyF192 IntelliPort II board 3, port 0 - 193 = /dev/ttyF193 IntelliPort II board 3, port 1 - ... - 255 = /dev/ttyF255 IntelliPort II board 3, port 63 - - 71 block SCSI disk devices (112-127) - 0 = /dev/sddi 113th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sddj 114th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sddk 115th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sddx 128th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 72 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cuf0 Callout device for ttyF0 - 1 = /dev/cuf1 Callout device for ttyF1 - ... - 63 = /dev/cuf63 Callout device for ttyF63 - 64 = /dev/cuf64 Callout device for ttyF64 - 65 = /dev/cuf65 Callout device for ttyF65 - ... - 127 = /dev/cuf127 Callout device for ttyF127 - 128 = /dev/cuf128 Callout device for ttyF128 - 129 = /dev/cuf129 Callout device for ttyF129 - ... - 191 = /dev/cuf191 Callout device for ttyF191 - 192 = /dev/cuf192 Callout device for ttyF192 - 193 = /dev/cuf193 Callout device for ttyF193 - ... - 255 = /dev/cuf255 Callout device for ttyF255 - - 72 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller - 0 = /dev/ida/c0d0 First logical drive whole disk - 16 = /dev/ida/c0d1 Second logical drive whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/ida/c0d15 16th logical drive whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 73 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices - 0 = /dev/ip2ipl0 Loadware device for board 0 - 1 = /dev/ip2stat0 Status device for board 0 - 4 = /dev/ip2ipl1 Loadware device for board 1 - 5 = /dev/ip2stat1 Status device for board 1 - 8 = /dev/ip2ipl2 Loadware device for board 2 - 9 = /dev/ip2stat2 Status device for board 2 - 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3 Loadware device for board 3 - 13 = /dev/ip2stat3 Status device for board 3 - - 73 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller - 0 = /dev/ida/c1d0 First logical drive whole disk - 16 = /dev/ida/c1d1 Second logical drive whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/ida/c1d15 16th logical drive whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 74 char SCI bridge - 0 = /dev/SCI/0 SCI device 0 - 1 = /dev/SCI/1 SCI device 1 - ... - - Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI - bridge. - - 74 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller - 0 = /dev/ida/c2d0 First logical drive whole disk - 16 = /dev/ida/c2d1 Second logical drive whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/ida/c2d15 16th logical drive whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 75 char Specialix IO8+ serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyW0 First IO8+ port, first card - 1 = /dev/ttyW1 Second IO8+ port, first card - ... - 8 = /dev/ttyW8 First IO8+ port, second card - ... - - 75 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller - 0 = /dev/ida/c3d0 First logical drive whole disk - 16 = /dev/ida/c3d1 Second logical drive whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/ida/c3d15 16th logical drive whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 76 char Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cuw0 Callout device for ttyW0 - 1 = /dev/cuw1 Callout device for ttyW1 - ... - 8 = /dev/cuw8 Callout device for ttyW8 - ... - - 76 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller - 0 = /dev/ida/c4d0 First logical drive whole disk - 16 = /dev/ida/c4d1 Second logical drive whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/ida/c4d15 16th logical drive whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - - 77 char ComScire Quantum Noise Generator - 0 = /dev/qng ComScire Quantum Noise Generator - - 77 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller - 0 = /dev/ida/c5d0 First logical drive whole disk - 16 = /dev/ida/c5d1 Second logical drive whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/ida/c5d15 16th logical drive whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 78 char PAM Software's multimodem boards - 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First PAM modem - 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second PAM modem - ... - - 78 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller - 0 = /dev/ida/c6d0 First logical drive whole disk - 16 = /dev/ida/c6d1 Second logical drive whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/ida/c6d15 16th logical drive whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 79 char PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0 - 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1 - ... - - 79 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller - 0 = /dev/ida/c7d0 First logical drive whole disk - 16 = /dev/ida/c7d1 Second logical drive whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/ida/c715 16th logical drive whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 80 char Photometrics AT200 CCD camera - 0 = /dev/at200 Photometrics AT200 CCD camera - - 80 block I2O hard disk - 0 = /dev/i2o/hda First I2O hard disk, whole disk - 16 = /dev/i2o/hdb Second I2O hard disk, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/i2o/hdp 16th I2O hard disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 81 char video4linux - 0 = /dev/video0 Video capture/overlay device - ... - 63 = /dev/video63 Video capture/overlay device - 64 = /dev/radio0 Radio device - ... - 127 = /dev/radio63 Radio device - 128 = /dev/swradio0 Software Defined Radio device - ... - 191 = /dev/swradio63 Software Defined Radio device - 224 = /dev/vbi0 Vertical blank interrupt - ... - 255 = /dev/vbi31 Vertical blank interrupt - - Minor numbers are allocated dynamically unless - CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES (default n) - configuration option is set. - - 81 block I2O hard disk - 0 = /dev/i2o/hdq 17th I2O hard disk, whole disk - 16 = /dev/i2o/hdr 18th I2O hard disk, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf 32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 82 char WiNRADiO communications receiver card - 0 = /dev/winradio0 First WiNRADiO card - 1 = /dev/winradio1 Second WiNRADiO card - ... - - The driver and documentation may be obtained from - http://www.winradio.com/ - - 82 block I2O hard disk - 0 = /dev/i2o/hdag 33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk - 16 = /dev/i2o/hdah 34th I2O hard disk, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/i2o/hdav 48th I2O hard disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 83 char Matrox mga_vid video driver - 0 = /dev/mga_vid0 1st video card - 1 = /dev/mga_vid1 2nd video card - 2 = /dev/mga_vid2 3rd video card - ... - 15 = /dev/mga_vid15 16th video card - - 83 block I2O hard disk - 0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw 49th I2O hard disk, whole disk - 16 = /dev/i2o/hdax 50th I2O hard disk, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl 64th I2O hard disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 84 char Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface - 0 = /dev/ihcp0 First Greensheet port - 1 = /dev/ihcp1 Second Greensheet port - - 84 block I2O hard disk - 0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm 65th I2O hard disk, whole disk - 16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn 66th I2O hard disk, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb 80th I2O hard disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 85 char Linux/SGI shared memory input queue - 0 = /dev/shmiq Master shared input queue - 1 = /dev/qcntl0 First device pushed - 2 = /dev/qcntl1 Second device pushed - ... - - 85 block I2O hard disk - 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc 81st I2O hard disk, whole disk - 16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd 82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr 96th I2O hard disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 86 char SCSI media changer - 0 = /dev/sch0 First SCSI media changer - 1 = /dev/sch1 Second SCSI media changer - ... - - 86 block I2O hard disk - 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs 97th I2O hard disk, whole disk - 16 = /dev/i2o/hdct 98th I2O hard disk, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/i2o/hddh 112th I2O hard disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 87 char Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus - 0 = /dev/controla0 First device on chain - 1 = /dev/controla1 Second device on chain - ... - - 87 block I2O hard disk - 0 = /dev/i2o/hddi 113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk - 16 = /dev/i2o/hddj 114th I2O hard disk, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/i2o/hddx 128th I2O hard disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 88 char COMX synchronous serial card - 0 = /dev/comx0 COMX channel 0 - 1 = /dev/comx1 COMX channel 1 - ... - - 88 block Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hdm Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdn Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - Partitions are handled the same way as for the first - interface (see major number 3). - - 89 char I2C bus interface - 0 = /dev/i2c-0 First I2C adapter - 1 = /dev/i2c-1 Second I2C adapter - ... - - 89 block Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hdo Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdp Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - Partitions are handled the same way as for the first - interface (see major number 3). - - 90 char Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash) - 0 = /dev/mtd0 First MTD (rw) - 1 = /dev/mtdr0 First MTD (ro) - ... - 30 = /dev/mtd15 16th MTD (rw) - 31 = /dev/mtdr15 16th MTD (ro) - - 90 block Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hdq Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdr Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - Partitions are handled the same way as for the first - interface (see major number 3). - - 91 char CAN-Bus devices - 0 = /dev/can0 First CAN-Bus controller - 1 = /dev/can1 Second CAN-Bus controller - ... - - 91 block Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface - 0 = /dev/hds Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - 64 = /dev/hdt Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) - - Partitions are handled the same way as for the first - interface (see major number 3). - - 92 char Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card - - 92 block PPDD encrypted disk driver - 0 = /dev/ppdd0 First encrypted disk - 1 = /dev/ppdd1 Second encrypted disk - ... - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 93 char - - 93 block NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem - 0 = /dev/nftla First NFTL layer - 16 = /dev/nftlb Second NFTL layer - ... - 240 = /dev/nftlp 16th NTFL layer - - 94 char - - 94 block IBM S/390 DASD block storage - 0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major - 1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1 - 2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2 - 3 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 3 - 4 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major - 5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 1 - 6 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 2 - 7 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3 - ... - - 95 char IP filter - 0 = /dev/ipl Filter control device/log file - 1 = /dev/ipnat NAT control device/log file - 2 = /dev/ipstate State information log file - 3 = /dev/ipauth Authentication control device/log file - ... - - 96 char Parallel port ATAPI tape devices - 0 = /dev/pt0 First parallel port ATAPI tape - 1 = /dev/pt1 Second parallel port ATAPI tape - ... - 128 = /dev/npt0 First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind - 129 = /dev/npt1 Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind - ... - - 96 block Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer - 0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer - 16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer - ... - 240 = /dev/inftlp 16th INTFL layer - - 97 char Parallel port generic ATAPI interface - 0 = /dev/pg0 First parallel port ATAPI device - 1 = /dev/pg1 Second parallel port ATAPI device - 2 = /dev/pg2 Third parallel port ATAPI device - 3 = /dev/pg3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI device - - These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI - devices. - - 98 char Control and Measurement Device (comedi) - 0 = /dev/comedi0 First comedi device - 1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device - ... - - See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi. - - 98 block User-mode virtual block device - 0 = /dev/ubda First user-mode block device - 16 = /dev/udbb Second user-mode block device - ... - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port. - - 99 char Raw parallel ports - 0 = /dev/parport0 First parallel port - 1 = /dev/parport1 Second parallel port - ... - - 99 block JavaStation flash disk - 0 = /dev/jsfd JavaStation flash disk - - 100 char Telephony for Linux - 0 = /dev/phone0 First telephony device - 1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephony device - ... - - 101 char Motorola DSP 56xxx board - 0 = /dev/mdspstat Status information - 1 = /dev/mdsp1 First DSP board I/O controls - ... - 16 = /dev/mdsp16 16th DSP board I/O controls - - 101 block AMI HyperDisk RAID controller - 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0 First array whole disk - 16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1 Second array whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15 16th array whole disk - - For each device, partitions are added as: - 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar? Whole disk - 1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1 First partition - 2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2 Second partition - ... - 15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition - - 102 char - - 102 block Compressed block device - 0 = /dev/cbd/a First compressed block device, whole device - 16 = /dev/cbd/b Second compressed block device, whole device - ... - 240 = /dev/cbd/p 16th compressed block device, whole device - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 103 char Arla network file system - 0 = /dev/nnpfs0 First NNPFS device - 1 = /dev/nnpfs1 Second NNPFS device - - Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS. - The NNPFS device gives user mode filesystem - implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy - mounting. For more information about the project, - write to or see - http://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/ - - 103 block Audit device - 0 = /dev/audit Audit device - - 104 char Flash BIOS support - - 104 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller - 0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0 First logical drive, whole disk - 16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1 Second logical drive, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15 16th logical drive, whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 105 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - 0 = /dev/ttyV0 First VS-1000 port - 1 = /dev/ttyV1 Second VS-1000 port - ... - - 105 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller - 0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0 First logical drive, whole disk - 16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1 Second logical drive, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15 16th logical drive, whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 106 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cuv0 First VS-1000 port - 1 = /dev/cuv1 Second VS-1000 port - ... - - 106 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller - 0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0 First logical drive, whole disk - 16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1 Second logical drive, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15 16th logical drive, whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 107 char 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device - 0 = /dev/3dfx Primary 3Dfx graphics device - - 107 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller - 0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0 First logical drive, whole disk - 16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1 Second logical drive, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15 16th logical drive, whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 108 char Device independent PPP interface - 0 = /dev/ppp Device independent PPP interface - - 108 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller - 0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0 First logical drive, whole disk - 16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1 Second logical drive, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15 16th logical drive, whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 109 char Reserved for logical volume manager - - 109 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller - 0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0 First logical drive, whole disk - 16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1 Second logical drive, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15 16th logical drive, whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 110 char miroMEDIA Surround board - 0 = /dev/srnd0 First miroMEDIA Surround board - 1 = /dev/srnd1 Second miroMEDIA Surround board - ... - - 110 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller - 0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0 First logical drive, whole disk - 16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1 Second logical drive, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15 16th logical drive, whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 111 char - - 111 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller - 0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0 First logical drive, whole disk - 16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1 Second logical drive, whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15 16th logical drive, whole disk - - Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex - DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 112 char ISI serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First ISI port - 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second ISI port - ... - - There is currently a device-naming conflict between - these and PAM multimodems (major 78). - - 112 block IBM iSeries virtual disk - 0 = /dev/iseries/vda First virtual disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/iseries/vdb Second virtual disk, whole disk - ... - 200 = /dev/iseries/vdz 26th virtual disk, whole disk - 208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa 27th virtual disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/iseries/vdaf 32nd virtual disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 7. - - 113 char ISI serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0 - 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1 - ... - - 113 block IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM - 0 = /dev/iseries/vcda First virtual CD-ROM - 1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb Second virtual CD-ROM - ... - - 114 char Picture Elements ISE board - 0 = /dev/ise0 First ISE board - 1 = /dev/ise1 Second ISE board - ... - 128 = /dev/isex0 Control node for first ISE board - 129 = /dev/isex1 Control node for second ISE board - ... - - The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for - image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general - I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command - nodes used to control the board. - - 114 block IDE BIOS powered software RAID interfaces such as the - Promise Fastrak - - 0 = /dev/ataraid/d0 - 1 = /dev/ataraid/d0p1 - 2 = /dev/ataraid/d0p2 - ... - 16 = /dev/ataraid/d1 - 17 = /dev/ataraid/d1p1 - 18 = /dev/ataraid/d1p2 - ... - 255 = /dev/ataraid/d15p15 - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 115 char TI link cable devices (115 was formerly the console driver speaker) - 0 = /dev/tipar0 Parallel cable on first parallel port - ... - 7 = /dev/tipar7 Parallel cable on seventh parallel port - - 8 = /dev/tiser0 Serial cable on first serial port - ... - 15 = /dev/tiser7 Serial cable on seventh serial port - - 16 = /dev/tiusb0 First USB cable - ... - 47 = /dev/tiusb31 32nd USB cable - - 115 block NetWare (NWFS) Devices (0-255) - - The NWFS (NetWare) devices are used to present a - collection of NetWare Mirror Groups or NetWare - Partitions as a logical storage segment for - use in mounting NetWare volumes. A maximum of - 256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single - machine. - - http://cgfa.telepac.pt/ftp2/kernel.org/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs/ - - 0 = /dev/nwfs/v0 First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume - 1 = /dev/nwfs/v1 Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume - 2 = /dev/nwfs/v2 Third NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume - ... - 255 = /dev/nwfs/v255 Last NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume - - 116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA) - - 116 block MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM) - Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each. - Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au. - - 0 = /dev/umem/d0 Whole of first board - 1 = /dev/umem/d0p1 First partition of first board - 2 = /dev/umem/d0p2 Second partition of first board - 15 = /dev/umem/d0p15 15th partition of first board - - 16 = /dev/umem/d1 Whole of second board - 17 = /dev/umem/d1p1 First partition of second board - ... - 255= /dev/umem/d15p15 15th partition of 16th board. - - 117 char COSA/SRP synchronous serial card - 0 = /dev/cosa0c0 1st board, 1st channel - 1 = /dev/cosa0c1 1st board, 2nd channel - ... - 16 = /dev/cosa1c0 2nd board, 1st channel - 17 = /dev/cosa1c1 2nd board, 2nd channel - ... - - 117 block Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS) - - The EVMS driver uses a layered, plug-in model to provide - unparalleled flexibility and extensibility in managing - storage. This allows for easy expansion or customization - of various levels of volume management. Requested by - Mark Peloquin (peloquin at us.ibm.com). - - Note: EVMS populates and manages all the devnodes in - /dev/evms. - - http://sf.net/projects/evms - - 0 = /dev/evms/block_device EVMS block device - 1 = /dev/evms/legacyname1 First EVMS legacy device - 2 = /dev/evms/legacyname2 Second EVMS legacy device - ... - Both ranges can grow (down or up) until they meet. - ... - 254 = /dev/evms/EVMSname2 Second EVMS native device - 255 = /dev/evms/EVMSname1 First EVMS native device - - Note: legacyname(s) are derived from the normal legacy - device names. For example, /dev/hda5 would become - /dev/evms/hda5. - - 118 char IBM Cryptographic Accelerator - 0 = /dev/ica Virtual interface to all IBM Crypto Accelerators - 1 = /dev/ica0 IBMCA Device 0 - 2 = /dev/ica1 IBMCA Device 1 - ... - - 119 char VMware virtual network control - 0 = /dev/vnet0 1st virtual network - 1 = /dev/vnet1 2nd virtual network - ... - - 120-127 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE - - 120-127 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE - Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not - assigned official numbers, these ranges should be - used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. - - 128-135 char Unix98 PTY masters - - These devices should not have corresponding device - nodes; instead they should be accessed through the - /dev/ptmx cloning interface. - - 128 block SCSI disk devices (128-143) - 0 = /dev/sddy 129th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sddz 130th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdea 131th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sden 144th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 129 block SCSI disk devices (144-159) - 0 = /dev/sdeo 145th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdep 146th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdeq 147th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdfd 160th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 130 char (Misc devices) - - 130 block SCSI disk devices (160-175) - 0 = /dev/sdfe 161st SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdff 162nd SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdfg 163rd SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdft 176th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 131 block SCSI disk devices (176-191) - 0 = /dev/sdfu 177th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdfv 178th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdfw 179th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdgj 192nd SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 132 block SCSI disk devices (192-207) - 0 = /dev/sdgk 193rd SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdgl 194th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdgm 195th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdgz 208th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 133 block SCSI disk devices (208-223) - 0 = /dev/sdha 209th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdhb 210th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdhc 211th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdhp 224th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 134 block SCSI disk devices (224-239) - 0 = /dev/sdhq 225th SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdhr 226th SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdhs 227th SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdif 240th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 135 block SCSI disk devices (240-255) - 0 = /dev/sdig 241st SCSI disk whole disk - 16 = /dev/sdih 242nd SCSI disk whole disk - 32 = /dev/sdih 243rd SCSI disk whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/sdiv 256th SCSI disk whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves - 0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY - 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY - ... - - These device nodes are automatically generated with - the proper permissions and modes by mounting the - devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate - mount options (distribution dependent, however, on - *most* distributions the appropriate options are - "mode=0620,gid=".) - - 136 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; ninth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c8d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c8d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c8d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 137 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; tenth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c9d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c9d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c9d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 138 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eleventh controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c10d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c10d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c10d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 139 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; twelfth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c11d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c11d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c11d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 140 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; thirteenth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c12d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c12d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c12d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 141 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourteenth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c13d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c13d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c13d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 142 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifteenth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c14d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c14d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c14d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 143 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixteenth controller - 0 = /dev/rd/c15d0 First disk, whole disk - 8 = /dev/rd/c15d1 Second disk, whole disk - ... - 248 = /dev/rd/c15d31 32nd disk, whole disk - - Partitions are handled as for major 48. - - 144 char Encapsulated PPP - 0 = /dev/pppox0 First PPP over Ethernet - ... - 63 = /dev/pppox63 64th PPP over Ethernet - - This is primarily used for ADSL. - - The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been - relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict. - - 144 block Expansion Area #1 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts - 0 = mounted device 256 - 255 = mounted device 511 - - 145 char SAM9407-based soundcard - 0 = /dev/sam0_mixer - 1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer - 2 = /dev/sam0_midi00 - 3 = /dev/sam0_dsp - 4 = /dev/sam0_audio - 6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat - 18 = /dev/sam0_midi01 - 34 = /dev/sam0_midi02 - 50 = /dev/sam0_midi03 - 64 = /dev/sam1_mixer - ... - 128 = /dev/sam2_mixer - ... - 192 = /dev/sam3_mixer - ... - - Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of - addons, which are sam9407 specific. OSS can be - operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec. - - 145 block Expansion Area #2 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts - 0 = mounted device 512 - 255 = mounted device 767 - - 146 char SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network - 0 = /dev/scramnet0 First SCRAMNet device - 1 = /dev/scramnet1 Second SCRAMNet device - ... - - 146 block Expansion Area #3 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts - 0 = mounted device 768 - 255 = mounted device 1023 - - 147 char Aureal Semiconductor Vortex Audio device - 0 = /dev/aureal0 First Aureal Vortex - 1 = /dev/aureal1 Second Aureal Vortex - ... - - 147 block Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD) - 0 = /dev/drbd0 First DRBD device - 1 = /dev/drbd1 Second DRBD device - ... - - 148 char Technology Concepts serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyT0 First TCL port - 1 = /dev/ttyT1 Second TCL port - ... - - 149 char Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT0 - 1 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT1 - ... - - 150 char Real-Time Linux FIFOs - 0 = /dev/rtf0 First RTLinux FIFO - 1 = /dev/rtf1 Second RTLinux FIFO - ... - - 151 char DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller - 0 = /dev/dpti0 First DPT I2O adapter - 1 = /dev/dpti1 Second DPT I2O adapter - ... - - 152 char EtherDrive Control Device - 0 = /dev/etherd/ctl Connect/Disconnect an EtherDrive - 1 = /dev/etherd/err Monitor errors - 2 = /dev/etherd/raw Raw AoE packet monitor - - 152 block EtherDrive Block Devices - 0 = /dev/etherd/0 EtherDrive 0 - ... - 255 = /dev/etherd/255 EtherDrive 255 - - 153 char SPI Bus Interface (sometimes referred to as MicroWire) - 0 = /dev/spi0 First SPI device on the bus - 1 = /dev/spi1 Second SPI device on the bus - ... - 15 = /dev/spi15 Sixteenth SPI device on the bus - - 153 block Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) storage units - 0 = /dev/emd/0 First unit - 1 = /dev/emd/0p1 Partition 1 on First unit - 2 = /dev/emd/0p2 Partition 2 on First unit - ... - 15 = /dev/emd/0p15 Partition 15 on First unit - - 16 = /dev/emd/1 Second unit - 32 = /dev/emd/2 Third unit - ... - 240 = /dev/emd/15 Sixteenth unit - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 154 char Specialix RIO serial card - 0 = /dev/ttySR0 First RIO port - ... - 255 = /dev/ttySR255 256th RIO port - - 155 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cusr0 Callout device for ttySR0 - ... - 255 = /dev/cusr255 Callout device for ttySR255 - - 156 char Specialix RIO serial card - 0 = /dev/ttySR256 257th RIO port - ... - 255 = /dev/ttySR511 512th RIO port - - 157 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cusr256 Callout device for ttySR256 - ... - 255 = /dev/cusr511 Callout device for ttySR511 - - 158 char Dialogic GammaLink fax driver - 0 = /dev/gfax0 GammaLink channel 0 - 1 = /dev/gfax1 GammaLink channel 1 - ... - - 159 char RESERVED - - 159 block RESERVED - - 160 char General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB) - 0 = /dev/gpib0 First GPIB bus - 1 = /dev/gpib1 Second GPIB bus - ... - - 160 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on First Controller - 0 = /dev/carmel/0 SATA disk 0 whole disk - 1 = /dev/carmel/0p1 SATA disk 0 partition 1 - ... - 31 = /dev/carmel/0p31 SATA disk 0 partition 31 - - 32 = /dev/carmel/1 SATA disk 1 whole disk - 64 = /dev/carmel/2 SATA disk 2 whole disk - ... - 224 = /dev/carmel/7 SATA disk 7 whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 31. - - 161 char IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation) - 0 = /dev/ircomm0 First IrCOMM device - 1 = /dev/ircomm1 Second IrCOMM device - ... - 16 = /dev/irlpt0 First IrLPT device - 17 = /dev/irlpt1 Second IrLPT device - ... - - 161 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on Second Controller - 0 = /dev/carmel/8 SATA disk 8 whole disk - 1 = /dev/carmel/8p1 SATA disk 8 partition 1 - ... - 31 = /dev/carmel/8p31 SATA disk 8 partition 31 - - 32 = /dev/carmel/9 SATA disk 9 whole disk - 64 = /dev/carmel/10 SATA disk 10 whole disk - ... - 224 = /dev/carmel/15 SATA disk 15 whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 31. - - 162 char Raw block device interface - 0 = /dev/rawctl Raw I/O control device - 1 = /dev/raw/raw1 First raw I/O device - 2 = /dev/raw/raw2 Second raw I/O device - ... - max minor number of raw device is set by kernel config - MAX_RAW_DEVS or raw module parameter 'max_raw_devs' - - 163 char - - 164 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyCH0 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0 - ... - 15 = /dev/ttyCH15 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15 - 16 = /dev/ttyCH16 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0 - ... - 31 = /dev/ttyCH31 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15 - 32 = /dev/ttyCH32 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0 - ... - 47 = /dev/ttyCH47 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15 - 48 = /dev/ttyCH48 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0 - ... - 63 = /dev/ttyCH63 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15 - - 165 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cuch0 Callout device for ttyCH0 - ... - 63 = /dev/cuch63 Callout device for ttyCH63 - - 166 char ACM USB modems - 0 = /dev/ttyACM0 First ACM modem - 1 = /dev/ttyACM1 Second ACM modem - ... - - 167 char ACM USB modems - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cuacm0 Callout device for ttyACM0 - 1 = /dev/cuacm1 Callout device for ttyACM1 - ... - - 168 char Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor - 0 = /dev/ecsa0 First CSA7000 - 1 = /dev/ecsa1 Second CSA7000 - ... - - 169 char Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor - 0 = /dev/ecsa8-0 First CSA8000 - 1 = /dev/ecsa8-1 Second CSA8000 - ... - - 170 char AMI MegaRAC remote access controller - 0 = /dev/megarac0 First MegaRAC card - 1 = /dev/megarac1 Second MegaRAC card - ... - - 171 char Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire) - - 172 char Moxa Intellio serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyMX0 First Moxa port - 1 = /dev/ttyMX1 Second Moxa port - ... - 127 = /dev/ttyMX127 128th Moxa port - 128 = /dev/moxactl Moxa control port - - 173 char Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cumx0 Callout device for ttyMX0 - 1 = /dev/cumx1 Callout device for ttyMX1 - ... - 127 = /dev/cumx127 Callout device for ttyMX127 - - 174 char SmartIO serial card - 0 = /dev/ttySI0 First SmartIO port - 1 = /dev/ttySI1 Second SmartIO port - ... - - 175 char SmartIO serial card - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cusi0 Callout device for ttySI0 - 1 = /dev/cusi1 Callout device for ttySI1 - ... - - 176 char nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator - 0 = /dev/nfastpci0 First nFast PCI device - 1 = /dev/nfastpci1 First nFast PCI device - ... - - 177 char TI PCILynx memory spaces - 0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0 AUX space of first PCILynx card - ... - 15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card - 16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0 ROM space of first PCILynx card - ... - 31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card - 32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0 RAM space of first PCILynx card - ... - 47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card - - 178 char Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter - 0 = /dev/clanvi0 First cLAN adapter - 1 = /dev/clanvi1 Second cLAN adapter - ... - - 179 block MMC block devices - 0 = /dev/mmcblk0 First SD/MMC card - 1 = /dev/mmcblk0p1 First partition on first MMC card - 8 = /dev/mmcblk1 Second SD/MMC card - ... - - The start of next SD/MMC card can be configured with - CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_MINORS, or overridden at boot/modprobe - time using the mmcblk.perdev_minors option. That would - bump the offset between each card to be the configured - value instead of the default 8. - - 179 char CCube DVXChip-based PCI products - 0 = /dev/dvxirq0 First DVX device - 1 = /dev/dvxirq1 Second DVX device - ... - - 180 char USB devices - 0 = /dev/usb/lp0 First USB printer - ... - 15 = /dev/usb/lp15 16th USB printer - 48 = /dev/usb/scanner0 First USB scanner - ... - 63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner - 64 = /dev/usb/rio500 Diamond Rio 500 - 65 = /dev/usb/usblcd USBLCD Interface (info@usblcd.de) - 66 = /dev/usb/cpad0 Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD) - 96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0 1st USB HID device - ... - 111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15 16th USB HID device - 112 = /dev/usb/auer0 1st auerswald ISDN device - ... - 127 = /dev/usb/auer15 16th auerswald ISDN device - 128 = /dev/usb/brlvgr0 First Braille Voyager device - ... - 131 = /dev/usb/brlvgr3 Fourth Braille Voyager device - 132 = /dev/usb/idmouse ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device - 133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1 First SiSUSB VGA device - ... - 140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8 Eighth SISUSB VGA device - 144 = /dev/usb/lcd USB LCD device - 160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0 1st USB Legotower device - ... - 175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15 16th USB Legotower device - 176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1 First USB TMC device - ... - 191 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16 16th USB TMC device - 192 = /dev/usb/yurex1 First USB Yurex device - ... - 209 = /dev/usb/yurex16 16th USB Yurex device - - 180 block USB block devices - 0 = /dev/uba First USB block device - 8 = /dev/ubb Second USB block device - 16 = /dev/ubc Third USB block device - ... - - 181 char Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks - 0 = /dev/pcfclock0 First Conrad radio clock - 1 = /dev/pcfclock1 Second Conrad radio clock - ... - - 182 char Picture Elements THR2 binarizer - 0 = /dev/pethr0 First THR2 board - 1 = /dev/pethr1 Second THR2 board - ... - - 183 char SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface - 0 = /dev/ss5136dn0 First DeviceNet interface - 1 = /dev/ss5136dn1 Second DeviceNet interface - ... - - This device used to be assigned to major number 144. - It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict. - - 184 char Picture Elements' video simulator/sender - 0 = /dev/pevss0 First sender board - 1 = /dev/pevss1 Second sender board - ... - - 185 char InterMezzo high availability file system - 0 = /dev/intermezzo0 First cache manager - 1 = /dev/intermezzo1 Second cache manager - ... - - See http://web.archive.org/web/20080115195241/ - http://inter-mezzo.org/index.html - - 186 char Object-based storage control device - 0 = /dev/obd0 First obd control device - 1 = /dev/obd1 Second obd control device - ... - - See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information. - - 187 char DESkey hardware encryption device - 0 = /dev/deskey0 First DES key - 1 = /dev/deskey1 Second DES key - ... - - 188 char USB serial converters - 0 = /dev/ttyUSB0 First USB serial converter - 1 = /dev/ttyUSB1 Second USB serial converter - ... - - 189 char USB serial converters - alternate devices - 0 = /dev/cuusb0 Callout device for ttyUSB0 - 1 = /dev/cuusb1 Callout device for ttyUSB1 - ... - - 190 char Kansas City tracker/tuner card - 0 = /dev/kctt0 First KCT/T card - 1 = /dev/kctt1 Second KCT/T card - ... - - 191 char Reserved for PCMCIA - - 192 char Kernel profiling interface - 0 = /dev/profile Profiling control device - 1 = /dev/profile0 Profiling device for CPU 0 - 2 = /dev/profile1 Profiling device for CPU 1 - ... - - 193 char Kernel event-tracing interface - 0 = /dev/trace Tracing control device - 1 = /dev/trace0 Tracing device for CPU 0 - 2 = /dev/trace1 Tracing device for CPU 1 - ... - - 194 char linVideoStreams (LINVS) - 0 = /dev/mvideo/status0 Video compression status - 1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0 Video stream - 2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0 Single compressed frame - 3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0 Raw uncompressed frame - 4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0 Direct codec access - 5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0 Video4Linux compatibility - - 16 = /dev/mvideo/status1 Second device - ... - 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2 Third device - ... - ... - 240 = /dev/mvideo/status15 16th device - ... - - 195 char Nvidia graphics devices - 0 = /dev/nvidia0 First Nvidia card - 1 = /dev/nvidia1 Second Nvidia card - ... - 255 = /dev/nvidiactl Nvidia card control device - - 196 char Tormenta T1 card - 0 = /dev/tor/0 Master control channel for all cards - 1 = /dev/tor/1 First DS0 - 2 = /dev/tor/2 Second DS0 - ... - 48 = /dev/tor/48 48th DS0 - 49 = /dev/tor/49 First pseudo-channel - 50 = /dev/tor/50 Second pseudo-channel - ... - - 197 char OpenTNF tracing facility - 0 = /dev/tnf/t0 Trace 0 data extraction - 1 = /dev/tnf/t1 Trace 1 data extraction - ... - 128 = /dev/tnf/status Tracing facility status - 130 = /dev/tnf/trace Tracing device - - 198 char Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card - 0 = /dev/tpmp2/0 First card - 1 = /dev/tpmp2/1 Second card - ... - - 199 char Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes - 0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* First volume - 1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* Second volume - ... - - 199 block Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes - 0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* First volume - 1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* Second volume - ... - - The namespace in these directories is maintained by - the user space VxVM software. - - 200 char Veritas VxVM configuration interface - 0 = /dev/vx/config Configuration access node - 1 = /dev/vx/trace Volume i/o trace access node - 2 = /dev/vx/iod Volume i/o daemon access node - 3 = /dev/vx/info Volume information access node - 4 = /dev/vx/task Volume tasks access node - 5 = /dev/vx/taskmon Volume tasks monitor daemon - - 201 char Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver - 0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* First multipath device - 1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* Second multipath device - ... - 201 block Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver - 0 = /dev/vx/dmp/* First multipath device - 1 = /dev/vx/dmp/* Second multipath device - ... - - The namespace in these directories is maintained by - the user space VxVM software. - - 202 char CPU model-specific registers - 0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr MSRs on CPU 0 - 1 = /dev/cpu/1/msr MSRs on CPU 1 - ... - - 202 block Xen Virtual Block Device - 0 = /dev/xvda First Xen VBD whole disk - 16 = /dev/xvdb Second Xen VBD whole disk - 32 = /dev/xvdc Third Xen VBD whole disk - ... - 240 = /dev/xvdp Sixteenth Xen VBD whole disk - - Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE - disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on - partitions is 15. - - 203 char CPU CPUID information - 0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid CPUID on CPU 0 - 1 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid CPUID on CPU 1 - ... - - 204 char Low-density serial ports - 0 = /dev/ttyLU0 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 0 - 1 = /dev/ttyLU1 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 1 - 2 = /dev/ttyLU2 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 2 - 3 = /dev/ttyLU3 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 3 - 4 = /dev/ttyFB0 Intel Footbridge (ARM) - 5 = /dev/ttySA0 StrongARM builtin serial port 0 - 6 = /dev/ttySA1 StrongARM builtin serial port 1 - 7 = /dev/ttySA2 StrongARM builtin serial port 2 - 8 = /dev/ttySC0 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 0 - 9 = /dev/ttySC1 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 1 - 10 = /dev/ttySC2 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 2 - 11 = /dev/ttySC3 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 3 - 12 = /dev/ttyFW0 Firmware console - port 0 - 13 = /dev/ttyFW1 Firmware console - port 1 - 14 = /dev/ttyFW2 Firmware console - port 2 - 15 = /dev/ttyFW3 Firmware console - port 3 - 16 = /dev/ttyAM0 ARM "AMBA" serial port 0 - ... - 31 = /dev/ttyAM15 ARM "AMBA" serial port 15 - 32 = /dev/ttyDB0 DataBooster serial port 0 - ... - 39 = /dev/ttyDB7 DataBooster serial port 7 - 40 = /dev/ttySG0 SGI Altix console port - 41 = /dev/ttySMX0 Motorola i.MX - port 0 - 42 = /dev/ttySMX1 Motorola i.MX - port 1 - 43 = /dev/ttySMX2 Motorola i.MX - port 2 - 44 = /dev/ttyMM0 Marvell MPSC - port 0 - 45 = /dev/ttyMM1 Marvell MPSC - port 1 - 46 = /dev/ttyCPM0 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 0 - ... - 47 = /dev/ttyCPM5 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 5 - 50 = /dev/ttyIOC0 Altix serial card - ... - 81 = /dev/ttyIOC31 Altix serial card - 82 = /dev/ttyVR0 NEC VR4100 series SIU - 83 = /dev/ttyVR1 NEC VR4100 series DSIU - 84 = /dev/ttyIOC84 Altix ioc4 serial card - ... - 115 = /dev/ttyIOC115 Altix ioc4 serial card - 116 = /dev/ttySIOC0 Altix ioc3 serial card - ... - 147 = /dev/ttySIOC31 Altix ioc3 serial card - 148 = /dev/ttyPSC0 PPC PSC - port 0 - ... - 153 = /dev/ttyPSC5 PPC PSC - port 5 - 154 = /dev/ttyAT0 ATMEL serial port 0 - ... - 169 = /dev/ttyAT15 ATMEL serial port 15 - 170 = /dev/ttyNX0 Hilscher netX serial port 0 - ... - 185 = /dev/ttyNX15 Hilscher netX serial port 15 - 186 = /dev/ttyJ0 JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation - 187 = /dev/ttyUL0 Xilinx uartlite - port 0 - ... - 190 = /dev/ttyUL3 Xilinx uartlite - port 3 - 191 = /dev/xvc0 Xen virtual console - port 0 - 192 = /dev/ttyPZ0 pmac_zilog - port 0 - ... - 195 = /dev/ttyPZ3 pmac_zilog - port 3 - 196 = /dev/ttyTX0 TX39/49 serial port 0 - ... - 204 = /dev/ttyTX7 TX39/49 serial port 7 - 205 = /dev/ttySC0 SC26xx serial port 0 - 206 = /dev/ttySC1 SC26xx serial port 1 - 207 = /dev/ttySC2 SC26xx serial port 2 - 208 = /dev/ttySC3 SC26xx serial port 3 - 209 = /dev/ttyMAX0 MAX3100 serial port 0 - 210 = /dev/ttyMAX1 MAX3100 serial port 1 - 211 = /dev/ttyMAX2 MAX3100 serial port 2 - 212 = /dev/ttyMAX3 MAX3100 serial port 3 - - 205 char Low-density serial ports (alternate device) - 0 = /dev/culu0 Callout device for ttyLU0 - 1 = /dev/culu1 Callout device for ttyLU1 - 2 = /dev/culu2 Callout device for ttyLU2 - 3 = /dev/culu3 Callout device for ttyLU3 - 4 = /dev/cufb0 Callout device for ttyFB0 - 5 = /dev/cusa0 Callout device for ttySA0 - 6 = /dev/cusa1 Callout device for ttySA1 - 7 = /dev/cusa2 Callout device for ttySA2 - 8 = /dev/cusc0 Callout device for ttySC0 - 9 = /dev/cusc1 Callout device for ttySC1 - 10 = /dev/cusc2 Callout device for ttySC2 - 11 = /dev/cusc3 Callout device for ttySC3 - 12 = /dev/cufw0 Callout device for ttyFW0 - 13 = /dev/cufw1 Callout device for ttyFW1 - 14 = /dev/cufw2 Callout device for ttyFW2 - 15 = /dev/cufw3 Callout device for ttyFW3 - 16 = /dev/cuam0 Callout device for ttyAM0 - ... - 31 = /dev/cuam15 Callout device for ttyAM15 - 32 = /dev/cudb0 Callout device for ttyDB0 - ... - 39 = /dev/cudb7 Callout device for ttyDB7 - 40 = /dev/cusg0 Callout device for ttySG0 - 41 = /dev/ttycusmx0 Callout device for ttySMX0 - 42 = /dev/ttycusmx1 Callout device for ttySMX1 - 43 = /dev/ttycusmx2 Callout device for ttySMX2 - 46 = /dev/cucpm0 Callout device for ttyCPM0 - ... - 49 = /dev/cucpm5 Callout device for ttyCPM5 - 50 = /dev/cuioc40 Callout device for ttyIOC40 - ... - 81 = /dev/cuioc431 Callout device for ttyIOC431 - 82 = /dev/cuvr0 Callout device for ttyVR0 - 83 = /dev/cuvr1 Callout device for ttyVR1 - - 206 char OnStream SC-x0 tape devices - 0 = /dev/osst0 First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0 - 1 = /dev/osst1 Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0 - ... - 32 = /dev/osst0l First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1 - 33 = /dev/osst1l Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1 - ... - 64 = /dev/osst0m First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2 - 65 = /dev/osst1m Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2 - ... - 96 = /dev/osst0a First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3 - 97 = /dev/osst1a Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3 - ... - 128 = /dev/nosst0 No rewind version of /dev/osst0 - 129 = /dev/nosst1 No rewind version of /dev/osst1 - ... - 160 = /dev/nosst0l No rewind version of /dev/osst0l - 161 = /dev/nosst1l No rewind version of /dev/osst1l - ... - 192 = /dev/nosst0m No rewind version of /dev/osst0m - 193 = /dev/nosst1m No rewind version of /dev/osst1m - ... - 224 = /dev/nosst0a No rewind version of /dev/osst0a - 225 = /dev/nosst1a No rewind version of /dev/osst1a - ... - - The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support the - standard SCSI SASD command set and therefore need - their own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (and - maybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi or - usb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device and - driver as well. The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157 - compliant and don't need osst. - - 207 char Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate - 0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw Redirector interface - 1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom EISA CROM - 2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt Data Table - 3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt Event Log - 4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr Automatic Server Recovery - 5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc ECC Memory - 6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca Machine Check Architecture - 7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm Deprecated CDT - 8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi NMI Handling - 9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css Sideshow Management - 10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram CMOS interface - 11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci PCI IRQ interface - - 208 char User space serial ports - 0 = /dev/ttyU0 First user space serial port - 1 = /dev/ttyU1 Second user space serial port - ... - - 209 char User space serial ports (alternate devices) - 0 = /dev/cuu0 Callout device for ttyU0 - 1 = /dev/cuu1 Callout device for ttyU1 - ... - - 210 char SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card - 0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0 Configuration device for board 0 - 1 = /dev/sbei/dld0 Download device for board 0 - 2 = /dev/sbei/wan00 WAN device, port 0, board 0 - 3 = /dev/sbei/wan01 WAN device, port 1, board 0 - 4 = /dev/sbei/wan02 WAN device, port 2, board 0 - 5 = /dev/sbei/wan03 WAN device, port 3, board 0 - 6 = /dev/sbei/wanc00 WAN clone device, port 0, board 0 - 7 = /dev/sbei/wanc01 WAN clone device, port 1, board 0 - 8 = /dev/sbei/wanc02 WAN clone device, port 2, board 0 - 9 = /dev/sbei/wanc03 WAN clone device, port 3, board 0 - 10 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1 Configuration device for board 1 - 11 = /dev/sbei/dld1 Download device for board 1 - 12 = /dev/sbei/wan10 WAN device, port 0, board 1 - 13 = /dev/sbei/wan11 WAN device, port 1, board 1 - 14 = /dev/sbei/wan12 WAN device, port 2, board 1 - 15 = /dev/sbei/wan13 WAN device, port 3, board 1 - 16 = /dev/sbei/wanc10 WAN clone device, port 0, board 1 - 17 = /dev/sbei/wanc11 WAN clone device, port 1, board 1 - 18 = /dev/sbei/wanc12 WAN clone device, port 2, board 1 - 19 = /dev/sbei/wanc13 WAN clone device, port 3, board 1 - ... - - Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart. - - 211 char Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card - 0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0 First CPCI1500 card - 1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1 Second CPCI1500 card - ... - - 212 char LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem - 0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0 first video decoder of first card - 1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0 first audio decoder of first card - 2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0 (obsolete/unused) - 3 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 first frontend device of first card - 4 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0 first demux device of first card - 5 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0 first digital video recoder device of first card - 6 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0 first common access port of first card - 7 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0 first network device of first card - 8 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0 first on-screen-display device of first card - 9 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video1 second video decoder of first card - ... - 64 = /dev/dvb/adapter1/video0 first video decoder of second card - ... - 128 = /dev/dvb/adapter2/video0 first video decoder of third card - ... - 196 = /dev/dvb/adapter3/video0 first video decoder of fourth card - - 216 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices - 0 = /dev/rfcomm0 First Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device - 1 = /dev/rfcomm1 Second Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device - ... - - 217 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices (alternate devices) - 0 = /dev/curf0 Callout device for rfcomm0 - 1 = /dev/curf1 Callout device for rfcomm1 - ... - - 218 char The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters - 0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0 First bus adapter - 1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1 First bus adapter - ... - - 219 char The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card - 0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0 First DCI-1300 card - 1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1 Second DCI-1300 card - ... - - 220 char Myricom Myrinet "GM" board - 0 = /dev/myricom/gm0 First Myrinet GM board - 1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0 First board "root access" - 2 = /dev/myricom/gm1 Second Myrinet GM board - 3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1 Second board "root access" - ... - - 221 char VME bus - 0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0 First master image - 1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1 Second master image - 2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2 Third master image - 3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3 Fourth master image - 4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0 First slave image - 5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1 Second slave image - 6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2 Third slave image - 7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3 Fourth slave image - 8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl Control - - It is expected that all VME bus drivers will use the - same interface. For interface documentation see - http://www.vmelinux.org/. - - 224 char A2232 serial card - 0 = /dev/ttyY0 First A2232 port - 1 = /dev/ttyY1 Second A2232 port - ... - - 225 char A2232 serial card (alternate devices) - 0 = /dev/cuy0 Callout device for ttyY0 - 1 = /dev/cuy1 Callout device for ttyY1 - ... - - 226 char Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) - 0 = /dev/dri/card0 First graphics card - 1 = /dev/dri/card1 Second graphics card - ... - - 227 char IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access - 1 = /dev/3270/tty1 First 3270 terminal - 2 = /dev/3270/tty2 Seconds 3270 terminal - ... - - 228 char IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access - 0 = /dev/3270/tub Controlling interface - 1 = /dev/3270/tub1 First 3270 terminal - 2 = /dev/3270/tub2 Second 3270 terminal - ... - - 229 char IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console - 0 = /dev/hvc0 First console port - 1 = /dev/hvc1 Second console port - ... - - 230 char IBM iSeries virtual tape - 0 = /dev/iseries/vt0 First virtual tape, mode 0 - 1 = /dev/iseries/vt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0 - ... - 32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l First virtual tape, mode 1 - 33 = /dev/iseries/vt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1 - ... - 64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m First virtual tape, mode 2 - 65 = /dev/iseries/vt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2 - ... - 96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a First virtual tape, mode 3 - 97 = /dev/iseries/vt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3 - ... - 128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0 First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind - 129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind - ... - 160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind - 161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind - ... - 192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind - 193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind - ... - 224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind - 225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind - ... - - "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default - automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL - ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of - the device used to access it. - - 231 char InfiniBand - 0 = /dev/infiniband/umad0 - 1 = /dev/infiniband/umad1 - ... - 63 = /dev/infiniband/umad63 63rd InfiniBandMad device - 64 = /dev/infiniband/issm0 First InfiniBand IsSM device - 65 = /dev/infiniband/issm1 Second InfiniBand IsSM device - ... - 127 = /dev/infiniband/issm63 63rd InfiniBand IsSM device - 128 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs0 First InfiniBand verbs device - 129 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs1 Second InfiniBand verbs device - ... - 159 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs31 31st InfiniBand verbs device - - 232 char Biometric Devices - 0 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on first device - 1 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/iris first iris sensor on first device - 2 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/retina first retina sensor on first device - 3 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/voiceprint first voiceprint sensor on first device - 4 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/facial first facial sensor on first device - 5 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/hand first hand sensor on first device - ... - 10 = /dev/biometric/sensor1/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on second device - ... - 20 = /dev/biometric/sensor2/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on third device - ... - - 233 char PathScale InfiniPath interconnect - 0 = /dev/ipath Primary device for programs (any unit) - 1 = /dev/ipath0 Access specifically to unit 0 - 2 = /dev/ipath1 Access specifically to unit 1 - ... - 4 = /dev/ipath3 Access specifically to unit 3 - 129 = /dev/ipath_sma Device used by Subnet Management Agent - 130 = /dev/ipath_diag Device used by diagnostics programs - - 234-254 char RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT - Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major number will - take numbers starting from 254 and downward. - - 240-254 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE - Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not - assigned official numbers, these ranges should be - used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. - - 255 char RESERVED - - 255 block RESERVED - - This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a - larger number space. No device nodes with this major - should ever be created on the filesystem. - (This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it - for now /Torben) - - ---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!--- - - 256 char Equinox SST multi-port serial boards - 0 = /dev/ttyEQ0 First serial port on first Equinox SST board - 127 = /dev/ttyEQ127 Last serial port on first Equinox SST board - 128 = /dev/ttyEQ128 First serial port on second Equinox SST board - ... - 1027 = /dev/ttyEQ1027 Last serial port on eighth Equinox SST board - - 256 block Resident Flash Disk Flash Translation Layer - 0 = /dev/rfda First RFD FTL layer - 16 = /dev/rfdb Second RFD FTL layer - ... - 240 = /dev/rfdp 16th RFD FTL layer - - 257 char Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver - 0 = /dev/ptlsec Crypto Services Driver - - 257 block SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem - 0 = /dev/ssfdca First SSFDC layer - 8 = /dev/ssfdcb Second SSFDC layer - 16 = /dev/ssfdcc Third SSFDC layer - 24 = /dev/ssfdcd 4th SSFDC layer - 32 = /dev/ssfdce 5th SSFDC layer - 40 = /dev/ssfdcf 6th SSFDC layer - 48 = /dev/ssfdcg 7th SSFDC layer - 56 = /dev/ssfdch 8th SSFDC layer - - 258 block ROM/Flash read-only translation layer - 0 = /dev/blockrom0 First ROM card's translation layer interface - 1 = /dev/blockrom1 Second ROM card's translation layer interface - ... - - 259 block Block Extended Major - Used dynamically to hold additional partition minor - numbers and allow large numbers of partitions per device - - 259 char FPGA configuration interfaces - 0 = /dev/icap0 First Xilinx internal configuration - 1 = /dev/icap1 Second Xilinx internal configuration - - 260 char OSD (Object-based-device) SCSI Device - 0 = /dev/osd0 First OSD Device - 1 = /dev/osd1 Second OSD Device - ... - 255 = /dev/osd255 256th OSD Device - +.. include:: devices.txt + :literal: Additional ``/dev/`` directory entries -------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c9cea2e39c21 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3081 @@ + 0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts) + 0 = reserved as null device number + See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas. + + 1 char Memory devices + 1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access + 2 = /dev/kmem Kernel virtual memory access + 3 = /dev/null Null device + 4 = /dev/port I/O port access + 5 = /dev/zero Null byte source + 6 = /dev/core OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore + 7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write + 8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen. + 9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen. + 10 = /dev/aio Asynchronous I/O notification interface + 11 = /dev/kmsg Writes to this come out as printk's, reads + export the buffered printk records. + 12 = /dev/oldmem OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/vmcore + + 1 block RAM disk + 0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk + 1 = /dev/ram1 Second RAM disk + ... + 250 = /dev/initrd Initial RAM disk + + Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here. + /dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded + by the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 for + the initrd. + + 2 char Pseudo-TTY masters + 0 = /dev/ptyp0 First PTY master + 1 = /dev/ptyp1 Second PTY master + ... + 255 = /dev/ptyef 256th PTY master + + Pseudo-tty's are named as follows: + * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty"; + * the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating + the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and + * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating + the position within the series. + + These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98 + devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY + master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on + demand. + + 2 block Floppy disks + 0 = /dev/fd0 Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect + 1 = /dev/fd1 Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect + 2 = /dev/fd2 Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect + 3 = /dev/fd3 Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect + 128 = /dev/fd4 Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect + 129 = /dev/fd5 Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect + 130 = /dev/fd6 Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect + 131 = /dev/fd7 Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect + + To specify format, add to the autodetect device number: + 0 = /dev/fd? Autodetect format + 4 = /dev/fd?d360 5.25" 360K in a 360K drive(1) + 20 = /dev/fd?h360 5.25" 360K in a 1200K drive(1) + 48 = /dev/fd?h410 5.25" 410K in a 1200K drive + 64 = /dev/fd?h420 5.25" 420K in a 1200K drive + 24 = /dev/fd?h720 5.25" 720K in a 1200K drive + 80 = /dev/fd?h880 5.25" 880K in a 1200K drive(1) + 8 = /dev/fd?h1200 5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1) + 40 = /dev/fd?h1440 5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1) + 56 = /dev/fd?h1476 5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive + 72 = /dev/fd?h1494 5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive + 92 = /dev/fd?h1600 5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1) + + 12 = /dev/fd?u360 3.5" 360K Double Density(2) + 16 = /dev/fd?u720 3.5" 720K Double Density(1) + 120 = /dev/fd?u800 3.5" 800K Double Density(2) + 52 = /dev/fd?u820 3.5" 820K Double Density + 68 = /dev/fd?u830 3.5" 830K Double Density + 84 = /dev/fd?u1040 3.5" 1040K Double Density(1) + 88 = /dev/fd?u1120 3.5" 1120K Double Density(1) + 28 = /dev/fd?u1440 3.5" 1440K High Density(1) + 124 = /dev/fd?u1600 3.5" 1600K High Density(1) + 44 = /dev/fd?u1680 3.5" 1680K High Density(3) + 60 = /dev/fd?u1722 3.5" 1722K High Density + 76 = /dev/fd?u1743 3.5" 1743K High Density + 96 = /dev/fd?u1760 3.5" 1760K High Density + 116 = /dev/fd?u1840 3.5" 1840K High Density(3) + 100 = /dev/fd?u1920 3.5" 1920K High Density(1) + 32 = /dev/fd?u2880 3.5" 2880K Extra Density(1) + 104 = /dev/fd?u3200 3.5" 3200K Extra Density + 108 = /dev/fd?u3520 3.5" 3520K Extra Density + 112 = /dev/fd?u3840 3.5" 3840K Extra Density(1) + + 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete? + + (1) Autodetectable format + (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only + (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only + + NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u) + signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d), + 5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5" + (any model, u). The use of the capital letters D, H + and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since + the drive type is insignificant for these devices. + + 3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves + 0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave + 1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave + ... + 255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave + + These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98 + devices are on major 136 and above. + + 3 block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdb Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + For partitions, add to the whole disk device number: + 0 = /dev/hd? Whole disk + 1 = /dev/hd?1 First partition + 2 = /dev/hd?2 Second partition + ... + 63 = /dev/hd?63 63rd partition + + For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary + partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions. + Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes + appropriate to their respective architectures. + + 4 char TTY devices + 0 = /dev/tty0 Current virtual console + + 1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console + ... + 63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console + 64 = /dev/ttyS0 First UART serial port + ... + 255 = /dev/ttyS191 192nd UART serial port + + UART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices. + + Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major + number for BSD PTY devices. As of Linux 2.1.115, this + is no longer supported. Use major numbers 2 and 3. + + 4 block Aliases for dynamically allocated major devices to be used + when its not possible to create the real device nodes + because the root filesystem is mounted read-only. + + 0 = /dev/root + + 5 char Alternate TTY devices + 0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device + 1 = /dev/console System console + 2 = /dev/ptmx PTY master multiplex + 3 = /dev/ttyprintk User messages via printk TTY device + 64 = /dev/cua0 Callout device for ttyS0 + ... + 255 = /dev/cua191 Callout device for ttyS191 + + (5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71. See + the section on terminal devices for more information + on /dev/console. + + 6 char Parallel printer devices + 0 = /dev/lp0 Parallel printer on parport0 + 1 = /dev/lp1 Parallel printer on parport1 + ... + + Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping + between parallel ports and I/O addresses. Instead, + they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer. + + 7 char Virtual console capture devices + 0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text contents + 1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text contents + ... + 63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text contents + 128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute contents + 129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute contents + ... + 191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute contents + + NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access. + + 7 block Loopback devices + 0 = /dev/loop0 First loop device + 1 = /dev/loop1 Second loop device + ... + + The loop devices are used to mount filesystems not + associated with block devices. The binding to the + loop devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8). + + 8 block SCSI disk devices (0-15) + 0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdp Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 9 char SCSI tape devices + 0 = /dev/st0 First SCSI tape, mode 0 + 1 = /dev/st1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0 + ... + 32 = /dev/st0l First SCSI tape, mode 1 + 33 = /dev/st1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1 + ... + 64 = /dev/st0m First SCSI tape, mode 2 + 65 = /dev/st1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2 + ... + 96 = /dev/st0a First SCSI tape, mode 3 + 97 = /dev/st1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3 + ... + 128 = /dev/nst0 First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind + 129 = /dev/nst1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind + ... + 160 = /dev/nst0l First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind + 161 = /dev/nst1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind + ... + 192 = /dev/nst0m First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind + 193 = /dev/nst1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind + ... + 224 = /dev/nst0a First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind + 225 = /dev/nst1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind + ... + + "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default + automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL + ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of + the device used to access it. + + 9 block Metadisk (RAID) devices + 0 = /dev/md0 First metadisk group + 1 = /dev/md1 Second metadisk group + ... + + The metadisk driver is used to span a + filesystem across multiple physical disks. + + 10 char Non-serial mice, misc features + 0 = /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse + 1 = /dev/psaux PS/2-style mouse port + 2 = /dev/inportbm Microsoft Inport bus mouse + 3 = /dev/atibm ATI XL bus mouse + 4 = /dev/jbm J-mouse + 4 = /dev/amigamouse Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga) + 5 = /dev/atarimouse Atari mouse + 6 = /dev/sunmouse Sun mouse + 7 = /dev/amigamouse1 Second Amiga mouse + 8 = /dev/smouse Simple serial mouse driver + 9 = /dev/pc110pad IBM PC-110 digitizer pad + 10 = /dev/adbmouse Apple Desktop Bus mouse + 11 = /dev/vrtpanel Vr41xx embedded touch panel + 13 = /dev/vpcmouse Connectix Virtual PC Mouse + 14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00 UCB 1x00 touchscreen + 15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712 MK712 touchscreen + 128 = /dev/beep Fancy beep device + 129 = + 130 = /dev/watchdog Watchdog timer port + 131 = /dev/temperature Machine internal temperature + 132 = /dev/hwtrap Hardware fault trap + 133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap + 134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS + 135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock + 137 = /dev/vhci Bluetooth virtual HCI driver + 139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM + 140 = /dev/relay8 Berkshire Products Octal relay card + 141 = /dev/relay16 Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card + 142 = + 143 = /dev/pciconf PCI configuration space + 144 = /dev/nvram Non-volatile configuration RAM + 145 = /dev/hfmodem Soundcard shortwave modem control + 146 = /dev/graphics Linux/SGI graphics device + 147 = /dev/opengl Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe + 148 = /dev/gfx Linux/SGI graphics effects device + 149 = /dev/input/mouse Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse + 150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard + 151 = /dev/led Front panel LEDs + 152 = /dev/kpoll Kernel Poll Driver + 153 = /dev/mergemem Memory merge device + 154 = /dev/pmu Macintosh PowerBook power manager + 155 = /dev/isictl MultiTech ISICom serial control + 156 = /dev/lcd Front panel LCD display + 157 = /dev/ac Applicom Intl Profibus card + 158 = /dev/nwbutton Netwinder external button + 159 = /dev/nwdebug Netwinder debug interface + 160 = /dev/nwflash Netwinder flash memory + 161 = /dev/userdma User-space DMA access + 162 = /dev/smbus System Management Bus + 163 = /dev/lik Logitech Internet Keyboard + 164 = /dev/ipmo Intel Intelligent Platform Management + 165 = /dev/vmmon VMware virtual machine monitor + 166 = /dev/i2o/ctl I2O configuration manager + 167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control + 168 = /dev/tcldrv Technology Concepts serial control + 169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control + 170 = /dev/thinkpad/thinkpad IBM Thinkpad devices + 171 = /dev/srripc QNX4 API IPC manager + 172 = /dev/usemaclone Semaphore clone device + 173 = /dev/ipmikcs Intelligent Platform Management + 174 = /dev/uctrl SPARCbook 3 microcontroller + 175 = /dev/agpgart AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table + 176 = /dev/gtrsc Gorgy Timing radio clock + 177 = /dev/cbm Serial CBM bus + 178 = /dev/jsflash JavaStation OS flash SIMM + 179 = /dev/xsvc High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service + 180 = /dev/vrbuttons Vr41xx button input device + 181 = /dev/toshiba Toshiba laptop SMM support + 182 = /dev/perfctr Performance-monitoring counters + 183 = /dev/hwrng Generic random number generator + 184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface + 186 = /dev/atomicps Atomic shapshot of process state data + 187 = /dev/irnet IrNET device + 188 = /dev/smbusbios SMBus BIOS + 189 = /dev/ussp_ctl User space serial port control + 190 = /dev/crash Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility + 191 = /dev/pcl181 + 192 = /dev/nas_xbus NAS xbus LCD/buttons access + 193 = /dev/d7s SPARC 7-segment display + 194 = /dev/zkshim Zero-Knowledge network shim control + 195 = /dev/elographics/e2201 Elographics touchscreen E271-2201 + 196 = /dev/vfio/vfio VFIO userspace driver interface + 197 = /dev/pxa3xx-gcu PXA3xx graphics controller unit driver + 198 = /dev/sexec Signed executable interface + 199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner + 200 = /dev/net/tun TAP/TUN network device + 201 = /dev/button/gulpb Transmeta GULP-B buttons + 202 = /dev/emd/ctl Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) control + 203 = /dev/cuse Cuse (character device in user-space) + 204 = /dev/video/em8300 EM8300 DVD decoder control + 205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv EM8300 DVD decoder video + 206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma EM8300 DVD decoder audio + 207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture + 208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller + 209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid Compaq Remote Insight Driver + 210 = /dev/impi/bt IMPI coprocessor block transfer + 211 = /dev/impi/smic IMPI coprocessor stream interface + 212 = /dev/watchdogs/0 First watchdog device + 213 = /dev/watchdogs/1 Second watchdog device + 214 = /dev/watchdogs/2 Third watchdog device + 215 = /dev/watchdogs/3 Fourth watchdog device + 216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel Fujitsu/Siemens application panel + 217 = /dev/ni/natmotn National Instruments Motion + 218 = /dev/kchuid Inter-process chuid control + 219 = /dev/modems/mwave MWave modem firmware upload + 220 = /dev/mptctl Message passing technology (MPT) control + 221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver + 222 = /dev/mvista/hasi Montavista PICMG high availability + 223 = /dev/input/uinput User level driver support for input + 224 = /dev/tpm TCPA TPM driver + 225 = /dev/pps Pulse Per Second driver + 226 = /dev/systrace Systrace device + 227 = /dev/mcelog X86_64 Machine Check Exception driver + 228 = /dev/hpet HPET driver + 229 = /dev/fuse Fuse (virtual filesystem in user-space) + 230 = /dev/midishare MidiShare driver + 231 = /dev/snapshot System memory snapshot device + 232 = /dev/kvm Kernel-based virtual machine (hardware virtualization extensions) + 233 = /dev/kmview View-OS A process with a view + 234 = /dev/btrfs-control Btrfs control device + 235 = /dev/autofs Autofs control device + 236 = /dev/mapper/control Device-Mapper control device + 237 = /dev/loop-control Loopback control device + 238 = /dev/vhost-net Host kernel accelerator for virtio net + 239 = /dev/uhid User-space I/O driver support for HID subsystem + + 240-254 Reserved for local use + 255 Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR + + 11 char Raw keyboard device (Linux/SPARC only) + 0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard device + + 11 char Serial Mux device (Linux/PA-RISC only) + 0 = /dev/ttyB0 First mux port + 1 = /dev/ttyB1 Second mux port + ... + + 11 block SCSI CD-ROM devices + 0 = /dev/scd0 First SCSI CD-ROM + 1 = /dev/scd1 Second SCSI CD-ROM + ... + + The prefix /dev/sr (instead of /dev/scd) has been deprecated. + + 12 char QIC-02 tape + 2 = /dev/ntpqic11 QIC-11, no rewind-on-close + 3 = /dev/tpqic11 QIC-11, rewind-on-close + 4 = /dev/ntpqic24 QIC-24, no rewind-on-close + 5 = /dev/tpqic24 QIC-24, rewind-on-close + 6 = /dev/ntpqic120 QIC-120, no rewind-on-close + 7 = /dev/tpqic120 QIC-120, rewind-on-close + 8 = /dev/ntpqic150 QIC-150, no rewind-on-close + 9 = /dev/tpqic150 QIC-150, rewind-on-close + + The device names specified are proposed -- if there + are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know. + + 12 block + + 13 char Input core + 0 = /dev/input/js0 First joystick + 1 = /dev/input/js1 Second joystick + ... + 32 = /dev/input/mouse0 First mouse + 33 = /dev/input/mouse1 Second mouse + ... + 63 = /dev/input/mice Unified mouse + 64 = /dev/input/event0 First event queue + 65 = /dev/input/event1 Second event queue + ... + + Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors). + + 13 block Previously used for the XT disk (/dev/xdN) + Deleted in kernel v3.9. + + 14 char Open Sound System (OSS) + 0 = /dev/mixer Mixer control + 1 = /dev/sequencer Audio sequencer + 2 = /dev/midi00 First MIDI port + 3 = /dev/dsp Digital audio + 4 = /dev/audio Sun-compatible digital audio + 6 = + 7 = /dev/audioctl SPARC audio control device + 8 = /dev/sequencer2 Sequencer -- alternate device + 16 = /dev/mixer1 Second soundcard mixer control + 17 = /dev/patmgr0 Sequencer patch manager + 18 = /dev/midi01 Second MIDI port + 19 = /dev/dsp1 Second soundcard digital audio + 20 = /dev/audio1 Second soundcard Sun digital audio + 33 = /dev/patmgr1 Sequencer patch manager + 34 = /dev/midi02 Third MIDI port + 50 = /dev/midi03 Fourth MIDI port + + 14 block + + 15 char Joystick + 0 = /dev/js0 First analog joystick + 1 = /dev/js1 Second analog joystick + ... + 128 = /dev/djs0 First digital joystick + 129 = /dev/djs1 Second digital joystick + ... + 15 block Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/sonycd Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM + + 16 char Non-SCSI scanners + 0 = /dev/gs4500 Genius 4500 handheld scanner + + 16 block GoldStar CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/gscd GoldStar CD-ROM + + 17 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card) + 0 = /dev/ttyH0 First Chase port + 1 = /dev/ttyH1 Second Chase port + ... + 17 block Optics Storage CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM + + 18 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card - alternate devices) + 0 = /dev/cuh0 Callout device for ttyH0 + 1 = /dev/cuh1 Callout device for ttyH1 + ... + 18 block Sanyo CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM + + 19 char Cyclades serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyC0 First Cyclades port + ... + 31 = /dev/ttyC31 32nd Cyclades port + + 19 block "Double" compressed disk + 0 = /dev/double0 First compressed disk + ... + 7 = /dev/double7 Eighth compressed disk + 128 = /dev/cdouble0 Mirror of first compressed disk + ... + 135 = /dev/cdouble7 Mirror of eighth compressed disk + + See the Double documentation for the meaning of the + mirror devices. + + 20 char Cyclades serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cub0 Callout device for ttyC0 + ... + 31 = /dev/cub31 Callout device for ttyC31 + + 20 block Hitachi CD-ROM (under development) + 0 = /dev/hitcd Hitachi CD-ROM + + 21 char Generic SCSI access + 0 = /dev/sg0 First generic SCSI device + 1 = /dev/sg1 Second generic SCSI device + ... + + Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...; + this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in + the system and is counter to standard Linux + device-naming practice. + + 21 block Acorn MFM hard drive interface + 0 = /dev/mfma First MFM drive whole disk + 64 = /dev/mfmb Second MFM drive whole disk + + This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC. + Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks + (see major number 3). + + 22 char Digiboard serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port + 1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port + ... + 22 block Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hdc Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdd Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + Partitions are handled the same way as for the first + interface (see major number 3). + + 23 char Digiboard serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cud0 Callout device for ttyD0 + 1 = /dev/cud1 Callout device for ttyD1 + ... + 23 block Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM + + 24 char Stallion serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyE0 Stallion port 0 card 0 + 1 = /dev/ttyE1 Stallion port 1 card 0 + ... + 64 = /dev/ttyE64 Stallion port 0 card 1 + 65 = /dev/ttyE65 Stallion port 1 card 1 + ... + 128 = /dev/ttyE128 Stallion port 0 card 2 + 129 = /dev/ttyE129 Stallion port 1 card 2 + ... + 192 = /dev/ttyE192 Stallion port 0 card 3 + 193 = /dev/ttyE193 Stallion port 1 card 3 + ... + 24 block Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM + + 25 char Stallion serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cue0 Callout device for ttyE0 + 1 = /dev/cue1 Callout device for ttyE1 + ... + 64 = /dev/cue64 Callout device for ttyE64 + 65 = /dev/cue65 Callout device for ttyE65 + ... + 128 = /dev/cue128 Callout device for ttyE128 + 129 = /dev/cue129 Callout device for ttyE129 + ... + 192 = /dev/cue192 Callout device for ttyE192 + 193 = /dev/cue193 Callout device for ttyE193 + ... + 25 block First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/sbpcd0 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0 + 1 = /dev/sbpcd1 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1 + 2 = /dev/sbpcd2 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2 + 3 = /dev/sbpcd3 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3 + + 26 char + + 26 block Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/sbpcd4 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0 + 1 = /dev/sbpcd5 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1 + 2 = /dev/sbpcd6 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2 + 3 = /dev/sbpcd7 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3 + + 27 char QIC-117 tape + 0 = /dev/qft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close + 1 = /dev/qft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close + 2 = /dev/qft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close + 3 = /dev/qft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close + 4 = /dev/nqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close + 5 = /dev/nqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close + 6 = /dev/nqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close + 7 = /dev/nqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close + 16 = /dev/zqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression + 17 = /dev/zqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression + 18 = /dev/zqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression + 19 = /dev/zqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression + 20 = /dev/nzqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression + 21 = /dev/nzqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression + 22 = /dev/nzqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression + 23 = /dev/nzqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression + 32 = /dev/rawqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks + 33 = /dev/rawqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks + 34 = /dev/rawqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks + 35 = /dev/rawqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks + 36 = /dev/nrawqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks + 37 = /dev/nrawqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks + 38 = /dev/nrawqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks + 39 = /dev/nrawqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks + + 27 block Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/sbpcd8 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0 + 1 = /dev/sbpcd9 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1 + 2 = /dev/sbpcd10 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2 + 3 = /dev/sbpcd11 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3 + + 28 char Stallion serial card - card programming + 0 = /dev/staliomem0 First Stallion card I/O memory + 1 = /dev/staliomem1 Second Stallion card I/O memory + 2 = /dev/staliomem2 Third Stallion card I/O memory + 3 = /dev/staliomem3 Fourth Stallion card I/O memory + + 28 char Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari) + 0 = /dev/slm0 First SLM laser printer + 1 = /dev/slm1 Second SLM laser printer + ... + 28 block Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/sbpcd12 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0 + 1 = /dev/sbpcd13 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1 + 2 = /dev/sbpcd14 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2 + 3 = /dev/sbpcd15 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3 + + 28 block ACSI disk (68k/Atari) + 0 = /dev/ada First ACSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/adb Second ACSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/adc Third ACSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/adp 16th ACSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15, like SCSI. + + 29 char Universal frame buffer + 0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer + 1 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer + ... + 31 = /dev/fb31 32nd frame buffer + + 29 block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM + + 30 char iBCS-2 compatibility devices + 0 = /dev/socksys Socket access + 1 = /dev/spx SVR3 local X interface + 32 = /dev/inet/ip Network access + 33 = /dev/inet/icmp + 34 = /dev/inet/ggp + 35 = /dev/inet/ipip + 36 = /dev/inet/tcp + 37 = /dev/inet/egp + 38 = /dev/inet/pup + 39 = /dev/inet/udp + 40 = /dev/inet/idp + 41 = /dev/inet/rawip + + Additionally, iBCS-2 requires the following links: + + /dev/ip -> /dev/inet/ip + /dev/icmp -> /dev/inet/icmp + /dev/ggp -> /dev/inet/ggp + /dev/ipip -> /dev/inet/ipip + /dev/tcp -> /dev/inet/tcp + /dev/egp -> /dev/inet/egp + /dev/pup -> /dev/inet/pup + /dev/udp -> /dev/inet/udp + /dev/idp -> /dev/inet/idp + /dev/rawip -> /dev/inet/rawip + /dev/inet/arp -> /dev/inet/udp + /dev/inet/rip -> /dev/inet/udp + /dev/nfsd -> /dev/socksys + /dev/X0R -> /dev/null (? apparently not required ?) + + 30 block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM + + /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device. This + driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM. + + 31 char MPU-401 MIDI + 0 = /dev/mpu401data MPU-401 data port + 1 = /dev/mpu401stat MPU-401 status port + + 31 block ROM/flash memory card + 0 = /dev/rom0 First ROM card (rw) + ... + 7 = /dev/rom7 Eighth ROM card (rw) + 8 = /dev/rrom0 First ROM card (ro) + ... + 15 = /dev/rrom7 Eighth ROM card (ro) + 16 = /dev/flash0 First flash memory card (rw) + ... + 23 = /dev/flash7 Eighth flash memory card (rw) + 24 = /dev/rflash0 First flash memory card (ro) + ... + 31 = /dev/rflash7 Eighth flash memory card (ro) + + The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching + written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM + devices. The read-only devices (ro) support reading + only. + + 32 char Specialix serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyX0 First Specialix port + 1 = /dev/ttyX1 Second Specialix port + ... + 32 block Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/cm206cd Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM + + 33 char Specialix serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cux0 Callout device for ttyX0 + 1 = /dev/cux1 Callout device for ttyX1 + ... + 33 block Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hde Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdf Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + Partitions are handled the same way as for the first + interface (see major number 3). + + 34 char Z8530 HDLC driver + 0 = /dev/scc0 First Z8530, first port + 1 = /dev/scc1 First Z8530, second port + 2 = /dev/scc2 Second Z8530, first port + 3 = /dev/scc3 Second Z8530, second port + ... + + In a previous version these devices were named + /dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so + on. + + 34 block Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hdg Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdh Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + Partitions are handled the same way as for the first + interface (see major number 3). + + 35 char tclmidi MIDI driver + 0 = /dev/midi0 First MIDI port, kernel timed + 1 = /dev/midi1 Second MIDI port, kernel timed + 2 = /dev/midi2 Third MIDI port, kernel timed + 3 = /dev/midi3 Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed + 64 = /dev/rmidi0 First MIDI port, untimed + 65 = /dev/rmidi1 Second MIDI port, untimed + 66 = /dev/rmidi2 Third MIDI port, untimed + 67 = /dev/rmidi3 Fourth MIDI port, untimed + 128 = /dev/smpte0 First MIDI port, SMPTE timed + 129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed + 130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed + 131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed + + 35 block Slow memory ramdisk + 0 = /dev/slram Slow memory ramdisk + + 36 char Netlink support + 0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user + 1 = /dev/skip enSKIP security cache control + 3 = /dev/fwmonitor Firewall packet copies + 16 = /dev/tap0 First Ethertap device + ... + 31 = /dev/tap15 16th Ethertap device + + 36 block OBSOLETE (was MCA ESDI hard disk) + + 37 char IDE tape + 0 = /dev/ht0 First IDE tape + 1 = /dev/ht1 Second IDE tape + ... + 128 = /dev/nht0 First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close + 129 = /dev/nht1 Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close + ... + + Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported. + + 37 block Zorro II ramdisk + 0 = /dev/z2ram Zorro II ramdisk + + 38 char Myricom PCI Myrinet board + 0 = /dev/mlanai0 First Myrinet board + 1 = /dev/mlanai1 Second Myrinet board + ... + + This device is used for status query, board control + and "user level packet I/O." This board is also + accessible as a standard networking "eth" device. + + 38 block OBSOLETE (was Linux/AP+) + + 39 char ML-16P experimental I/O board + 0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0 First card, first analog channel + 1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1 First card, second analog channel + ... + 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15 First card, 16th analog channel + 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d First card, digital lines + 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0 First card, first counter/timer + 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1 First card, second counter/timer + 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2 First card, third counter/timer + 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0 Second card, first analog channel + 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1 Second card, second analog channel + ... + 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15 Second card, 16th analog channel + 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d Second card, digital lines + 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0 Second card, first counter/timer + 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1 Second card, second counter/timer + 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2 Second card, third counter/timer + ... + 39 block + + 40 char + + 40 block + + 41 char Yet Another Micro Monitor + 0 = /dev/yamm Yet Another Micro Monitor + + 41 block + + 42 char Demo/sample use + + 42 block Demo/sample use + + This number is intended for use in sample code, as + well as a general "example" device number. It + should never be used for a device driver that is being + distributed; either obtain an official number or use + the local/experimental range. The sudden addition or + removal of a driver with this number should not cause + ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.) + + IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A + DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT. + + 43 char isdn4linux virtual modem + 0 = /dev/ttyI0 First virtual modem + ... + 63 = /dev/ttyI63 64th virtual modem + + 43 block Network block devices + 0 = /dev/nb0 First network block device + 1 = /dev/nb1 Second network block device + ... + + Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback + devices: If you read from it, it sends packet across + network asking server for data. If you write to it, it + sends packet telling server to write. It could be used + to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over + the net, implementing block device in userland etc. + + 44 char isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cui0 Callout device for ttyI0 + ... + 63 = /dev/cui63 Callout device for ttyI63 + + 44 block Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems + 0 = /dev/ftla FTL on first Memory Technology Device + 16 = /dev/ftlb FTL on second Memory Technology Device + 32 = /dev/ftlc FTL on third Memory Technology Device + ... + 240 = /dev/ftlp FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the partition + limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.) + + 45 char isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver + 0 = /dev/isdn0 First virtual B channel raw data + ... + 63 = /dev/isdn63 64th virtual B channel raw data + 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0 First channel control/debug + ... + 127 = /dev/isdnctrl63 64th channel control/debug + + 128 = /dev/ippp0 First SyncPPP device + ... + 191 = /dev/ippp63 64th SyncPPP device + + 255 = /dev/isdninfo ISDN monitor interface + + 45 block Parallel port IDE disk devices + 0 = /dev/pda First parallel port IDE disk + 16 = /dev/pdb Second parallel port IDE disk + 32 = /dev/pdc Third parallel port IDE disk + 48 = /dev/pdd Fourth parallel port IDE disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the partition + limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk. + + 46 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyR0 First Rocketport port + 1 = /dev/ttyR1 Second Rocketport port + ... + 46 block Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices + 0 = /dev/pcd0 First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM + 1 = /dev/pcd1 Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM + 2 = /dev/pcd2 Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM + 3 = /dev/pcd3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM + + 47 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cur0 Callout device for ttyR0 + 1 = /dev/cur1 Callout device for ttyR1 + ... + 47 block Parallel port ATAPI disk devices + 0 = /dev/pf0 First parallel port ATAPI disk + 1 = /dev/pf1 Second parallel port ATAPI disk + 2 = /dev/pf2 Third parallel port ATAPI disk + 3 = /dev/pf3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk + + This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar + devices and hence does not support partitioning. + + 48 char SDL RISCom serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyL0 First RISCom port + 1 = /dev/ttyL1 Second RISCom port + ... + 48 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c0d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c0d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c0d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + For partitions add: + 0 = /dev/rd/c?d? Whole disk + 1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1 First partition + ... + 7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7 Seventh partition + + 49 char SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cul0 Callout device for ttyL0 + 1 = /dev/cul1 Callout device for ttyL1 + ... + 49 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c1d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c1d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c1d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 50 char Reserved for GLINT + + 50 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c2d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c2d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c2d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + 51 char Baycom radio modem OR Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem + 0 = /dev/bc0 First Baycom radio modem + 1 = /dev/bc1 Second Baycom radio modem + ... + 51 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c3d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c3d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c3d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 52 char Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card + 0 = /dev/dcbri0 First DataComm card + 1 = /dev/dcbri1 Second DataComm card + 2 = /dev/dcbri2 Third DataComm card + 3 = /dev/dcbri3 Fourth DataComm card + + 52 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c4d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c4d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c4d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 53 char BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers + 0 = /dev/pd_bdm0 PD BDM interface on lp0 + 1 = /dev/pd_bdm1 PD BDM interface on lp1 + 2 = /dev/pd_bdm2 PD BDM interface on lp2 + 4 = /dev/icd_bdm0 ICD BDM interface on lp0 + 5 = /dev/icd_bdm1 ICD BDM interface on lp1 + 6 = /dev/icd_bdm2 ICD BDM interface on lp2 + + This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx + microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a + Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public + Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface + by P&E. + + 53 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c5d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c5d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c5d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 54 char Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card + 0 = /dev/holter0 First Holter port + 1 = /dev/holter1 Second Holter port + 2 = /dev/holter2 Third Holter port + + A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL + to transfer data from Holter + 24-hour heart monitoring equipment. + + 54 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c6d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c6d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c6d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 55 char DSP56001 digital signal processor + 0 = /dev/dsp56k First DSP56001 + + 55 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c7d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c7d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c7d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 56 char Apple Desktop Bus + 0 = /dev/adb ADB bus control + + Additional devices will be added to this number, all + starting with /dev/adb. + + 56 block Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hdi Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdj Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + Partitions are handled the same way as for the first + interface (see major number 3). + + 57 char Hayes ESP serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyP0 First ESP port + 1 = /dev/ttyP1 Second ESP port + ... + + 57 block Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hdk Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdl Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + Partitions are handled the same way as for the first + interface (see major number 3). + + 58 char Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cup0 Callout device for ttyP0 + 1 = /dev/cup1 Callout device for ttyP1 + ... + + 58 block Reserved for logical volume manager + + 59 char sf firewall package + 0 = /dev/firewall Communication with sf kernel module + + 59 block Generic PDA filesystem device + 0 = /dev/pda0 First PDA device + 1 = /dev/pda1 Second PDA device + ... + + The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on + remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with + proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage + running small fs translation drivers) through serial / + IRDA / parallel links. + + NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc + + 60-63 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE + + 60-63 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE + Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not + assigned official numbers, these ranges should be + used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. + + 64 char ENskip kernel encryption package + 0 = /dev/enskip Communication with ENskip kernel module + + 64 block Scramdisk/DriveCrypt encrypted devices + 0 = /dev/scramdisk/master Master node for ioctls + 1 = /dev/scramdisk/1 First encrypted device + 2 = /dev/scramdisk/2 Second encrypted device + ... + 255 = /dev/scramdisk/255 255th encrypted device + + The filename of the encrypted container and the passwords + are sent via ioctls (using the sdmount tool) to the master + node which then activates them via one of the + /dev/scramdisk/x nodes for loop mounting (all handled + through the sdmount tool). + + Requested by: andy@scramdisklinux.org + + 65 char Sundance "plink" Transputer boards (obsolete, unused) + 0 = /dev/plink0 First plink device + 1 = /dev/plink1 Second plink device + 2 = /dev/plink2 Third plink device + 3 = /dev/plink3 Fourth plink device + 64 = /dev/rplink0 First plink device, raw + 65 = /dev/rplink1 Second plink device, raw + 66 = /dev/rplink2 Third plink device, raw + 67 = /dev/rplink3 Fourth plink device, raw + 128 = /dev/plink0d First plink device, debug + 129 = /dev/plink1d Second plink device, debug + 130 = /dev/plink2d Third plink device, debug + 131 = /dev/plink3d Fourth plink device, debug + 192 = /dev/rplink0d First plink device, raw, debug + 193 = /dev/rplink1d Second plink device, raw, debug + 194 = /dev/rplink2d Third plink device, raw, debug + 195 = /dev/rplink3d Fourth plink device, raw, debug + + This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes + for information. + + 65 block SCSI disk devices (16-31) + 0 = /dev/sdq 17th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdr 18th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sds 19th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdaf 32nd SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 66 char YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card + 0 = /dev/yppcpci0 First YARC card + 1 = /dev/yppcpci1 Second YARC card + ... + + 66 block SCSI disk devices (32-47) + 0 = /dev/sdag 33th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdah 34th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdai 35th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdav 48nd SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 67 char Coda network file system + 0 = /dev/cfs0 Coda cache manager + + See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda. + + 67 block SCSI disk devices (48-63) + 0 = /dev/sdaw 49th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdax 50th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sday 51st SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdbl 64th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 68 char CAPI 2.0 interface + 0 = /dev/capi20 Control device + 1 = /dev/capi20.00 First CAPI 2.0 application + 2 = /dev/capi20.01 Second CAPI 2.0 application + ... + 20 = /dev/capi20.19 19th CAPI 2.0 application + + ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0 + applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card. + + 68 block SCSI disk devices (64-79) + 0 = /dev/sdbm 65th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdbn 66th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdbo 67th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdcb 80th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 69 char MA16 numeric accelerator card + 0 = /dev/ma16 Board memory access + + 69 block SCSI disk devices (80-95) + 0 = /dev/sdcc 81st SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdcd 82nd SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdce 83th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdcr 96th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 70 char SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface + 0 = /dev/apscfg Configuration interface + 1 = /dev/apsauth Authentication interface + 2 = /dev/apslog Logging interface + 3 = /dev/apsdbg Debugging interface + 64 = /dev/apsisdn ISDN command interface + 65 = /dev/apsasync Async command interface + 128 = /dev/apsmon Monitor interface + + 70 block SCSI disk devices (96-111) + 0 = /dev/sdcs 97th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdct 98th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdcu 99th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sddh 112nd SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 71 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyF0 IntelliPort II board 0, port 0 + 1 = /dev/ttyF1 IntelliPort II board 0, port 1 + ... + 63 = /dev/ttyF63 IntelliPort II board 0, port 63 + 64 = /dev/ttyF64 IntelliPort II board 1, port 0 + 65 = /dev/ttyF65 IntelliPort II board 1, port 1 + ... + 127 = /dev/ttyF127 IntelliPort II board 1, port 63 + 128 = /dev/ttyF128 IntelliPort II board 2, port 0 + 129 = /dev/ttyF129 IntelliPort II board 2, port 1 + ... + 191 = /dev/ttyF191 IntelliPort II board 2, port 63 + 192 = /dev/ttyF192 IntelliPort II board 3, port 0 + 193 = /dev/ttyF193 IntelliPort II board 3, port 1 + ... + 255 = /dev/ttyF255 IntelliPort II board 3, port 63 + + 71 block SCSI disk devices (112-127) + 0 = /dev/sddi 113th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sddj 114th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sddk 115th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sddx 128th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 72 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cuf0 Callout device for ttyF0 + 1 = /dev/cuf1 Callout device for ttyF1 + ... + 63 = /dev/cuf63 Callout device for ttyF63 + 64 = /dev/cuf64 Callout device for ttyF64 + 65 = /dev/cuf65 Callout device for ttyF65 + ... + 127 = /dev/cuf127 Callout device for ttyF127 + 128 = /dev/cuf128 Callout device for ttyF128 + 129 = /dev/cuf129 Callout device for ttyF129 + ... + 191 = /dev/cuf191 Callout device for ttyF191 + 192 = /dev/cuf192 Callout device for ttyF192 + 193 = /dev/cuf193 Callout device for ttyF193 + ... + 255 = /dev/cuf255 Callout device for ttyF255 + + 72 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller + 0 = /dev/ida/c0d0 First logical drive whole disk + 16 = /dev/ida/c0d1 Second logical drive whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/ida/c0d15 16th logical drive whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 73 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices + 0 = /dev/ip2ipl0 Loadware device for board 0 + 1 = /dev/ip2stat0 Status device for board 0 + 4 = /dev/ip2ipl1 Loadware device for board 1 + 5 = /dev/ip2stat1 Status device for board 1 + 8 = /dev/ip2ipl2 Loadware device for board 2 + 9 = /dev/ip2stat2 Status device for board 2 + 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3 Loadware device for board 3 + 13 = /dev/ip2stat3 Status device for board 3 + + 73 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller + 0 = /dev/ida/c1d0 First logical drive whole disk + 16 = /dev/ida/c1d1 Second logical drive whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/ida/c1d15 16th logical drive whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 74 char SCI bridge + 0 = /dev/SCI/0 SCI device 0 + 1 = /dev/SCI/1 SCI device 1 + ... + + Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI + bridge. + + 74 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller + 0 = /dev/ida/c2d0 First logical drive whole disk + 16 = /dev/ida/c2d1 Second logical drive whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/ida/c2d15 16th logical drive whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 75 char Specialix IO8+ serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyW0 First IO8+ port, first card + 1 = /dev/ttyW1 Second IO8+ port, first card + ... + 8 = /dev/ttyW8 First IO8+ port, second card + ... + + 75 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller + 0 = /dev/ida/c3d0 First logical drive whole disk + 16 = /dev/ida/c3d1 Second logical drive whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/ida/c3d15 16th logical drive whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 76 char Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cuw0 Callout device for ttyW0 + 1 = /dev/cuw1 Callout device for ttyW1 + ... + 8 = /dev/cuw8 Callout device for ttyW8 + ... + + 76 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller + 0 = /dev/ida/c4d0 First logical drive whole disk + 16 = /dev/ida/c4d1 Second logical drive whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/ida/c4d15 16th logical drive whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + + 77 char ComScire Quantum Noise Generator + 0 = /dev/qng ComScire Quantum Noise Generator + + 77 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller + 0 = /dev/ida/c5d0 First logical drive whole disk + 16 = /dev/ida/c5d1 Second logical drive whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/ida/c5d15 16th logical drive whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 78 char PAM Software's multimodem boards + 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First PAM modem + 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second PAM modem + ... + + 78 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller + 0 = /dev/ida/c6d0 First logical drive whole disk + 16 = /dev/ida/c6d1 Second logical drive whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/ida/c6d15 16th logical drive whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 79 char PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0 + 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1 + ... + + 79 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller + 0 = /dev/ida/c7d0 First logical drive whole disk + 16 = /dev/ida/c7d1 Second logical drive whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/ida/c715 16th logical drive whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 80 char Photometrics AT200 CCD camera + 0 = /dev/at200 Photometrics AT200 CCD camera + + 80 block I2O hard disk + 0 = /dev/i2o/hda First I2O hard disk, whole disk + 16 = /dev/i2o/hdb Second I2O hard disk, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/i2o/hdp 16th I2O hard disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 81 char video4linux + 0 = /dev/video0 Video capture/overlay device + ... + 63 = /dev/video63 Video capture/overlay device + 64 = /dev/radio0 Radio device + ... + 127 = /dev/radio63 Radio device + 128 = /dev/swradio0 Software Defined Radio device + ... + 191 = /dev/swradio63 Software Defined Radio device + 224 = /dev/vbi0 Vertical blank interrupt + ... + 255 = /dev/vbi31 Vertical blank interrupt + + Minor numbers are allocated dynamically unless + CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES (default n) + configuration option is set. + + 81 block I2O hard disk + 0 = /dev/i2o/hdq 17th I2O hard disk, whole disk + 16 = /dev/i2o/hdr 18th I2O hard disk, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf 32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 82 char WiNRADiO communications receiver card + 0 = /dev/winradio0 First WiNRADiO card + 1 = /dev/winradio1 Second WiNRADiO card + ... + + The driver and documentation may be obtained from + http://www.winradio.com/ + + 82 block I2O hard disk + 0 = /dev/i2o/hdag 33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk + 16 = /dev/i2o/hdah 34th I2O hard disk, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/i2o/hdav 48th I2O hard disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 83 char Matrox mga_vid video driver + 0 = /dev/mga_vid0 1st video card + 1 = /dev/mga_vid1 2nd video card + 2 = /dev/mga_vid2 3rd video card + ... + 15 = /dev/mga_vid15 16th video card + + 83 block I2O hard disk + 0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw 49th I2O hard disk, whole disk + 16 = /dev/i2o/hdax 50th I2O hard disk, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl 64th I2O hard disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 84 char Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface + 0 = /dev/ihcp0 First Greensheet port + 1 = /dev/ihcp1 Second Greensheet port + + 84 block I2O hard disk + 0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm 65th I2O hard disk, whole disk + 16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn 66th I2O hard disk, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb 80th I2O hard disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 85 char Linux/SGI shared memory input queue + 0 = /dev/shmiq Master shared input queue + 1 = /dev/qcntl0 First device pushed + 2 = /dev/qcntl1 Second device pushed + ... + + 85 block I2O hard disk + 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc 81st I2O hard disk, whole disk + 16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd 82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr 96th I2O hard disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 86 char SCSI media changer + 0 = /dev/sch0 First SCSI media changer + 1 = /dev/sch1 Second SCSI media changer + ... + + 86 block I2O hard disk + 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs 97th I2O hard disk, whole disk + 16 = /dev/i2o/hdct 98th I2O hard disk, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/i2o/hddh 112th I2O hard disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 87 char Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus + 0 = /dev/controla0 First device on chain + 1 = /dev/controla1 Second device on chain + ... + + 87 block I2O hard disk + 0 = /dev/i2o/hddi 113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk + 16 = /dev/i2o/hddj 114th I2O hard disk, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/i2o/hddx 128th I2O hard disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 88 char COMX synchronous serial card + 0 = /dev/comx0 COMX channel 0 + 1 = /dev/comx1 COMX channel 1 + ... + + 88 block Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hdm Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdn Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + Partitions are handled the same way as for the first + interface (see major number 3). + + 89 char I2C bus interface + 0 = /dev/i2c-0 First I2C adapter + 1 = /dev/i2c-1 Second I2C adapter + ... + + 89 block Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hdo Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdp Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + Partitions are handled the same way as for the first + interface (see major number 3). + + 90 char Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash) + 0 = /dev/mtd0 First MTD (rw) + 1 = /dev/mtdr0 First MTD (ro) + ... + 30 = /dev/mtd15 16th MTD (rw) + 31 = /dev/mtdr15 16th MTD (ro) + + 90 block Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hdq Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdr Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + Partitions are handled the same way as for the first + interface (see major number 3). + + 91 char CAN-Bus devices + 0 = /dev/can0 First CAN-Bus controller + 1 = /dev/can1 Second CAN-Bus controller + ... + + 91 block Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface + 0 = /dev/hds Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + 64 = /dev/hdt Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) + + Partitions are handled the same way as for the first + interface (see major number 3). + + 92 char Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card + + 92 block PPDD encrypted disk driver + 0 = /dev/ppdd0 First encrypted disk + 1 = /dev/ppdd1 Second encrypted disk + ... + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 93 char + + 93 block NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem + 0 = /dev/nftla First NFTL layer + 16 = /dev/nftlb Second NFTL layer + ... + 240 = /dev/nftlp 16th NTFL layer + + 94 char + + 94 block IBM S/390 DASD block storage + 0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major + 1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1 + 2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2 + 3 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 3 + 4 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major + 5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 1 + 6 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 2 + 7 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3 + ... + + 95 char IP filter + 0 = /dev/ipl Filter control device/log file + 1 = /dev/ipnat NAT control device/log file + 2 = /dev/ipstate State information log file + 3 = /dev/ipauth Authentication control device/log file + ... + + 96 char Parallel port ATAPI tape devices + 0 = /dev/pt0 First parallel port ATAPI tape + 1 = /dev/pt1 Second parallel port ATAPI tape + ... + 128 = /dev/npt0 First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind + 129 = /dev/npt1 Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind + ... + + 96 block Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer + 0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer + 16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer + ... + 240 = /dev/inftlp 16th INTFL layer + + 97 char Parallel port generic ATAPI interface + 0 = /dev/pg0 First parallel port ATAPI device + 1 = /dev/pg1 Second parallel port ATAPI device + 2 = /dev/pg2 Third parallel port ATAPI device + 3 = /dev/pg3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI device + + These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI + devices. + + 98 char Control and Measurement Device (comedi) + 0 = /dev/comedi0 First comedi device + 1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device + ... + + See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi. + + 98 block User-mode virtual block device + 0 = /dev/ubda First user-mode block device + 16 = /dev/udbb Second user-mode block device + ... + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port. + + 99 char Raw parallel ports + 0 = /dev/parport0 First parallel port + 1 = /dev/parport1 Second parallel port + ... + + 99 block JavaStation flash disk + 0 = /dev/jsfd JavaStation flash disk + + 100 char Telephony for Linux + 0 = /dev/phone0 First telephony device + 1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephony device + ... + + 101 char Motorola DSP 56xxx board + 0 = /dev/mdspstat Status information + 1 = /dev/mdsp1 First DSP board I/O controls + ... + 16 = /dev/mdsp16 16th DSP board I/O controls + + 101 block AMI HyperDisk RAID controller + 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0 First array whole disk + 16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1 Second array whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15 16th array whole disk + + For each device, partitions are added as: + 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar? Whole disk + 1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1 First partition + 2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2 Second partition + ... + 15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition + + 102 char + + 102 block Compressed block device + 0 = /dev/cbd/a First compressed block device, whole device + 16 = /dev/cbd/b Second compressed block device, whole device + ... + 240 = /dev/cbd/p 16th compressed block device, whole device + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 103 char Arla network file system + 0 = /dev/nnpfs0 First NNPFS device + 1 = /dev/nnpfs1 Second NNPFS device + + Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS. + The NNPFS device gives user mode filesystem + implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy + mounting. For more information about the project, + write to or see + http://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/ + + 103 block Audit device + 0 = /dev/audit Audit device + + 104 char Flash BIOS support + + 104 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller + 0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0 First logical drive, whole disk + 16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1 Second logical drive, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15 16th logical drive, whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 105 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller + 0 = /dev/ttyV0 First VS-1000 port + 1 = /dev/ttyV1 Second VS-1000 port + ... + + 105 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller + 0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0 First logical drive, whole disk + 16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1 Second logical drive, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15 16th logical drive, whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 106 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cuv0 First VS-1000 port + 1 = /dev/cuv1 Second VS-1000 port + ... + + 106 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller + 0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0 First logical drive, whole disk + 16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1 Second logical drive, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15 16th logical drive, whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 107 char 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device + 0 = /dev/3dfx Primary 3Dfx graphics device + + 107 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller + 0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0 First logical drive, whole disk + 16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1 Second logical drive, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15 16th logical drive, whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 108 char Device independent PPP interface + 0 = /dev/ppp Device independent PPP interface + + 108 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller + 0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0 First logical drive, whole disk + 16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1 Second logical drive, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15 16th logical drive, whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 109 char Reserved for logical volume manager + + 109 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller + 0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0 First logical drive, whole disk + 16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1 Second logical drive, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15 16th logical drive, whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 110 char miroMEDIA Surround board + 0 = /dev/srnd0 First miroMEDIA Surround board + 1 = /dev/srnd1 Second miroMEDIA Surround board + ... + + 110 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller + 0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0 First logical drive, whole disk + 16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1 Second logical drive, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15 16th logical drive, whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 111 char + + 111 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller + 0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0 First logical drive, whole disk + 16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1 Second logical drive, whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15 16th logical drive, whole disk + + Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex + DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 112 char ISI serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First ISI port + 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second ISI port + ... + + There is currently a device-naming conflict between + these and PAM multimodems (major 78). + + 112 block IBM iSeries virtual disk + 0 = /dev/iseries/vda First virtual disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/iseries/vdb Second virtual disk, whole disk + ... + 200 = /dev/iseries/vdz 26th virtual disk, whole disk + 208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa 27th virtual disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/iseries/vdaf 32nd virtual disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 7. + + 113 char ISI serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0 + 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1 + ... + + 113 block IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM + 0 = /dev/iseries/vcda First virtual CD-ROM + 1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb Second virtual CD-ROM + ... + + 114 char Picture Elements ISE board + 0 = /dev/ise0 First ISE board + 1 = /dev/ise1 Second ISE board + ... + 128 = /dev/isex0 Control node for first ISE board + 129 = /dev/isex1 Control node for second ISE board + ... + + The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for + image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general + I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command + nodes used to control the board. + + 114 block IDE BIOS powered software RAID interfaces such as the + Promise Fastrak + + 0 = /dev/ataraid/d0 + 1 = /dev/ataraid/d0p1 + 2 = /dev/ataraid/d0p2 + ... + 16 = /dev/ataraid/d1 + 17 = /dev/ataraid/d1p1 + 18 = /dev/ataraid/d1p2 + ... + 255 = /dev/ataraid/d15p15 + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 115 char TI link cable devices (115 was formerly the console driver speaker) + 0 = /dev/tipar0 Parallel cable on first parallel port + ... + 7 = /dev/tipar7 Parallel cable on seventh parallel port + + 8 = /dev/tiser0 Serial cable on first serial port + ... + 15 = /dev/tiser7 Serial cable on seventh serial port + + 16 = /dev/tiusb0 First USB cable + ... + 47 = /dev/tiusb31 32nd USB cable + + 115 block NetWare (NWFS) Devices (0-255) + + The NWFS (NetWare) devices are used to present a + collection of NetWare Mirror Groups or NetWare + Partitions as a logical storage segment for + use in mounting NetWare volumes. A maximum of + 256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single + machine. + + http://cgfa.telepac.pt/ftp2/kernel.org/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs/ + + 0 = /dev/nwfs/v0 First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume + 1 = /dev/nwfs/v1 Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume + 2 = /dev/nwfs/v2 Third NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume + ... + 255 = /dev/nwfs/v255 Last NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume + + 116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA) + + 116 block MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM) + Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each. + Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au. + + 0 = /dev/umem/d0 Whole of first board + 1 = /dev/umem/d0p1 First partition of first board + 2 = /dev/umem/d0p2 Second partition of first board + 15 = /dev/umem/d0p15 15th partition of first board + + 16 = /dev/umem/d1 Whole of second board + 17 = /dev/umem/d1p1 First partition of second board + ... + 255= /dev/umem/d15p15 15th partition of 16th board. + + 117 char COSA/SRP synchronous serial card + 0 = /dev/cosa0c0 1st board, 1st channel + 1 = /dev/cosa0c1 1st board, 2nd channel + ... + 16 = /dev/cosa1c0 2nd board, 1st channel + 17 = /dev/cosa1c1 2nd board, 2nd channel + ... + + 117 block Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS) + + The EVMS driver uses a layered, plug-in model to provide + unparalleled flexibility and extensibility in managing + storage. This allows for easy expansion or customization + of various levels of volume management. Requested by + Mark Peloquin (peloquin at us.ibm.com). + + Note: EVMS populates and manages all the devnodes in + /dev/evms. + + http://sf.net/projects/evms + + 0 = /dev/evms/block_device EVMS block device + 1 = /dev/evms/legacyname1 First EVMS legacy device + 2 = /dev/evms/legacyname2 Second EVMS legacy device + ... + Both ranges can grow (down or up) until they meet. + ... + 254 = /dev/evms/EVMSname2 Second EVMS native device + 255 = /dev/evms/EVMSname1 First EVMS native device + + Note: legacyname(s) are derived from the normal legacy + device names. For example, /dev/hda5 would become + /dev/evms/hda5. + + 118 char IBM Cryptographic Accelerator + 0 = /dev/ica Virtual interface to all IBM Crypto Accelerators + 1 = /dev/ica0 IBMCA Device 0 + 2 = /dev/ica1 IBMCA Device 1 + ... + + 119 char VMware virtual network control + 0 = /dev/vnet0 1st virtual network + 1 = /dev/vnet1 2nd virtual network + ... + + 120-127 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE + + 120-127 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE + Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not + assigned official numbers, these ranges should be + used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. + + 128-135 char Unix98 PTY masters + + These devices should not have corresponding device + nodes; instead they should be accessed through the + /dev/ptmx cloning interface. + + 128 block SCSI disk devices (128-143) + 0 = /dev/sddy 129th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sddz 130th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdea 131th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sden 144th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 129 block SCSI disk devices (144-159) + 0 = /dev/sdeo 145th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdep 146th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdeq 147th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdfd 160th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 130 char (Misc devices) + + 130 block SCSI disk devices (160-175) + 0 = /dev/sdfe 161st SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdff 162nd SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdfg 163rd SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdft 176th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 131 block SCSI disk devices (176-191) + 0 = /dev/sdfu 177th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdfv 178th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdfw 179th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdgj 192nd SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 132 block SCSI disk devices (192-207) + 0 = /dev/sdgk 193rd SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdgl 194th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdgm 195th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdgz 208th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 133 block SCSI disk devices (208-223) + 0 = /dev/sdha 209th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdhb 210th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdhc 211th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdhp 224th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 134 block SCSI disk devices (224-239) + 0 = /dev/sdhq 225th SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdhr 226th SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdhs 227th SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdif 240th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 135 block SCSI disk devices (240-255) + 0 = /dev/sdig 241st SCSI disk whole disk + 16 = /dev/sdih 242nd SCSI disk whole disk + 32 = /dev/sdih 243rd SCSI disk whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/sdiv 256th SCSI disk whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves + 0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY + 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY + ... + + These device nodes are automatically generated with + the proper permissions and modes by mounting the + devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate + mount options (distribution dependent, however, on + *most* distributions the appropriate options are + "mode=0620,gid=".) + + 136 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; ninth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c8d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c8d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c8d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 137 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; tenth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c9d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c9d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c9d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 138 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eleventh controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c10d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c10d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c10d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 139 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; twelfth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c11d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c11d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c11d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 140 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; thirteenth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c12d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c12d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c12d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 141 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourteenth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c13d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c13d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c13d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 142 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifteenth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c14d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c14d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c14d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 143 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixteenth controller + 0 = /dev/rd/c15d0 First disk, whole disk + 8 = /dev/rd/c15d1 Second disk, whole disk + ... + 248 = /dev/rd/c15d31 32nd disk, whole disk + + Partitions are handled as for major 48. + + 144 char Encapsulated PPP + 0 = /dev/pppox0 First PPP over Ethernet + ... + 63 = /dev/pppox63 64th PPP over Ethernet + + This is primarily used for ADSL. + + The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been + relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict. + + 144 block Expansion Area #1 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts + 0 = mounted device 256 + 255 = mounted device 511 + + 145 char SAM9407-based soundcard + 0 = /dev/sam0_mixer + 1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer + 2 = /dev/sam0_midi00 + 3 = /dev/sam0_dsp + 4 = /dev/sam0_audio + 6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat + 18 = /dev/sam0_midi01 + 34 = /dev/sam0_midi02 + 50 = /dev/sam0_midi03 + 64 = /dev/sam1_mixer + ... + 128 = /dev/sam2_mixer + ... + 192 = /dev/sam3_mixer + ... + + Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of + addons, which are sam9407 specific. OSS can be + operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec. + + 145 block Expansion Area #2 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts + 0 = mounted device 512 + 255 = mounted device 767 + + 146 char SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network + 0 = /dev/scramnet0 First SCRAMNet device + 1 = /dev/scramnet1 Second SCRAMNet device + ... + + 146 block Expansion Area #3 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts + 0 = mounted device 768 + 255 = mounted device 1023 + + 147 char Aureal Semiconductor Vortex Audio device + 0 = /dev/aureal0 First Aureal Vortex + 1 = /dev/aureal1 Second Aureal Vortex + ... + + 147 block Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD) + 0 = /dev/drbd0 First DRBD device + 1 = /dev/drbd1 Second DRBD device + ... + + 148 char Technology Concepts serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyT0 First TCL port + 1 = /dev/ttyT1 Second TCL port + ... + + 149 char Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT0 + 1 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT1 + ... + + 150 char Real-Time Linux FIFOs + 0 = /dev/rtf0 First RTLinux FIFO + 1 = /dev/rtf1 Second RTLinux FIFO + ... + + 151 char DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller + 0 = /dev/dpti0 First DPT I2O adapter + 1 = /dev/dpti1 Second DPT I2O adapter + ... + + 152 char EtherDrive Control Device + 0 = /dev/etherd/ctl Connect/Disconnect an EtherDrive + 1 = /dev/etherd/err Monitor errors + 2 = /dev/etherd/raw Raw AoE packet monitor + + 152 block EtherDrive Block Devices + 0 = /dev/etherd/0 EtherDrive 0 + ... + 255 = /dev/etherd/255 EtherDrive 255 + + 153 char SPI Bus Interface (sometimes referred to as MicroWire) + 0 = /dev/spi0 First SPI device on the bus + 1 = /dev/spi1 Second SPI device on the bus + ... + 15 = /dev/spi15 Sixteenth SPI device on the bus + + 153 block Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) storage units + 0 = /dev/emd/0 First unit + 1 = /dev/emd/0p1 Partition 1 on First unit + 2 = /dev/emd/0p2 Partition 2 on First unit + ... + 15 = /dev/emd/0p15 Partition 15 on First unit + + 16 = /dev/emd/1 Second unit + 32 = /dev/emd/2 Third unit + ... + 240 = /dev/emd/15 Sixteenth unit + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 154 char Specialix RIO serial card + 0 = /dev/ttySR0 First RIO port + ... + 255 = /dev/ttySR255 256th RIO port + + 155 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cusr0 Callout device for ttySR0 + ... + 255 = /dev/cusr255 Callout device for ttySR255 + + 156 char Specialix RIO serial card + 0 = /dev/ttySR256 257th RIO port + ... + 255 = /dev/ttySR511 512th RIO port + + 157 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cusr256 Callout device for ttySR256 + ... + 255 = /dev/cusr511 Callout device for ttySR511 + + 158 char Dialogic GammaLink fax driver + 0 = /dev/gfax0 GammaLink channel 0 + 1 = /dev/gfax1 GammaLink channel 1 + ... + + 159 char RESERVED + + 159 block RESERVED + + 160 char General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB) + 0 = /dev/gpib0 First GPIB bus + 1 = /dev/gpib1 Second GPIB bus + ... + + 160 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on First Controller + 0 = /dev/carmel/0 SATA disk 0 whole disk + 1 = /dev/carmel/0p1 SATA disk 0 partition 1 + ... + 31 = /dev/carmel/0p31 SATA disk 0 partition 31 + + 32 = /dev/carmel/1 SATA disk 1 whole disk + 64 = /dev/carmel/2 SATA disk 2 whole disk + ... + 224 = /dev/carmel/7 SATA disk 7 whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 31. + + 161 char IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation) + 0 = /dev/ircomm0 First IrCOMM device + 1 = /dev/ircomm1 Second IrCOMM device + ... + 16 = /dev/irlpt0 First IrLPT device + 17 = /dev/irlpt1 Second IrLPT device + ... + + 161 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on Second Controller + 0 = /dev/carmel/8 SATA disk 8 whole disk + 1 = /dev/carmel/8p1 SATA disk 8 partition 1 + ... + 31 = /dev/carmel/8p31 SATA disk 8 partition 31 + + 32 = /dev/carmel/9 SATA disk 9 whole disk + 64 = /dev/carmel/10 SATA disk 10 whole disk + ... + 224 = /dev/carmel/15 SATA disk 15 whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 31. + + 162 char Raw block device interface + 0 = /dev/rawctl Raw I/O control device + 1 = /dev/raw/raw1 First raw I/O device + 2 = /dev/raw/raw2 Second raw I/O device + ... + max minor number of raw device is set by kernel config + MAX_RAW_DEVS or raw module parameter 'max_raw_devs' + + 163 char + + 164 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyCH0 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0 + ... + 15 = /dev/ttyCH15 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15 + 16 = /dev/ttyCH16 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0 + ... + 31 = /dev/ttyCH31 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15 + 32 = /dev/ttyCH32 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0 + ... + 47 = /dev/ttyCH47 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15 + 48 = /dev/ttyCH48 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0 + ... + 63 = /dev/ttyCH63 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15 + + 165 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cuch0 Callout device for ttyCH0 + ... + 63 = /dev/cuch63 Callout device for ttyCH63 + + 166 char ACM USB modems + 0 = /dev/ttyACM0 First ACM modem + 1 = /dev/ttyACM1 Second ACM modem + ... + + 167 char ACM USB modems - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cuacm0 Callout device for ttyACM0 + 1 = /dev/cuacm1 Callout device for ttyACM1 + ... + + 168 char Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor + 0 = /dev/ecsa0 First CSA7000 + 1 = /dev/ecsa1 Second CSA7000 + ... + + 169 char Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor + 0 = /dev/ecsa8-0 First CSA8000 + 1 = /dev/ecsa8-1 Second CSA8000 + ... + + 170 char AMI MegaRAC remote access controller + 0 = /dev/megarac0 First MegaRAC card + 1 = /dev/megarac1 Second MegaRAC card + ... + + 171 char Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire) + + 172 char Moxa Intellio serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyMX0 First Moxa port + 1 = /dev/ttyMX1 Second Moxa port + ... + 127 = /dev/ttyMX127 128th Moxa port + 128 = /dev/moxactl Moxa control port + + 173 char Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cumx0 Callout device for ttyMX0 + 1 = /dev/cumx1 Callout device for ttyMX1 + ... + 127 = /dev/cumx127 Callout device for ttyMX127 + + 174 char SmartIO serial card + 0 = /dev/ttySI0 First SmartIO port + 1 = /dev/ttySI1 Second SmartIO port + ... + + 175 char SmartIO serial card - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cusi0 Callout device for ttySI0 + 1 = /dev/cusi1 Callout device for ttySI1 + ... + + 176 char nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator + 0 = /dev/nfastpci0 First nFast PCI device + 1 = /dev/nfastpci1 First nFast PCI device + ... + + 177 char TI PCILynx memory spaces + 0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0 AUX space of first PCILynx card + ... + 15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card + 16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0 ROM space of first PCILynx card + ... + 31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card + 32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0 RAM space of first PCILynx card + ... + 47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card + + 178 char Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter + 0 = /dev/clanvi0 First cLAN adapter + 1 = /dev/clanvi1 Second cLAN adapter + ... + + 179 block MMC block devices + 0 = /dev/mmcblk0 First SD/MMC card + 1 = /dev/mmcblk0p1 First partition on first MMC card + 8 = /dev/mmcblk1 Second SD/MMC card + ... + + The start of next SD/MMC card can be configured with + CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_MINORS, or overridden at boot/modprobe + time using the mmcblk.perdev_minors option. That would + bump the offset between each card to be the configured + value instead of the default 8. + + 179 char CCube DVXChip-based PCI products + 0 = /dev/dvxirq0 First DVX device + 1 = /dev/dvxirq1 Second DVX device + ... + + 180 char USB devices + 0 = /dev/usb/lp0 First USB printer + ... + 15 = /dev/usb/lp15 16th USB printer + 48 = /dev/usb/scanner0 First USB scanner + ... + 63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner + 64 = /dev/usb/rio500 Diamond Rio 500 + 65 = /dev/usb/usblcd USBLCD Interface (info@usblcd.de) + 66 = /dev/usb/cpad0 Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD) + 96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0 1st USB HID device + ... + 111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15 16th USB HID device + 112 = /dev/usb/auer0 1st auerswald ISDN device + ... + 127 = /dev/usb/auer15 16th auerswald ISDN device + 128 = /dev/usb/brlvgr0 First Braille Voyager device + ... + 131 = /dev/usb/brlvgr3 Fourth Braille Voyager device + 132 = /dev/usb/idmouse ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device + 133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1 First SiSUSB VGA device + ... + 140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8 Eighth SISUSB VGA device + 144 = /dev/usb/lcd USB LCD device + 160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0 1st USB Legotower device + ... + 175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15 16th USB Legotower device + 176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1 First USB TMC device + ... + 191 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16 16th USB TMC device + 192 = /dev/usb/yurex1 First USB Yurex device + ... + 209 = /dev/usb/yurex16 16th USB Yurex device + + 180 block USB block devices + 0 = /dev/uba First USB block device + 8 = /dev/ubb Second USB block device + 16 = /dev/ubc Third USB block device + ... + + 181 char Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks + 0 = /dev/pcfclock0 First Conrad radio clock + 1 = /dev/pcfclock1 Second Conrad radio clock + ... + + 182 char Picture Elements THR2 binarizer + 0 = /dev/pethr0 First THR2 board + 1 = /dev/pethr1 Second THR2 board + ... + + 183 char SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface + 0 = /dev/ss5136dn0 First DeviceNet interface + 1 = /dev/ss5136dn1 Second DeviceNet interface + ... + + This device used to be assigned to major number 144. + It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict. + + 184 char Picture Elements' video simulator/sender + 0 = /dev/pevss0 First sender board + 1 = /dev/pevss1 Second sender board + ... + + 185 char InterMezzo high availability file system + 0 = /dev/intermezzo0 First cache manager + 1 = /dev/intermezzo1 Second cache manager + ... + + See http://web.archive.org/web/20080115195241/ + http://inter-mezzo.org/index.html + + 186 char Object-based storage control device + 0 = /dev/obd0 First obd control device + 1 = /dev/obd1 Second obd control device + ... + + See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information. + + 187 char DESkey hardware encryption device + 0 = /dev/deskey0 First DES key + 1 = /dev/deskey1 Second DES key + ... + + 188 char USB serial converters + 0 = /dev/ttyUSB0 First USB serial converter + 1 = /dev/ttyUSB1 Second USB serial converter + ... + + 189 char USB serial converters - alternate devices + 0 = /dev/cuusb0 Callout device for ttyUSB0 + 1 = /dev/cuusb1 Callout device for ttyUSB1 + ... + + 190 char Kansas City tracker/tuner card + 0 = /dev/kctt0 First KCT/T card + 1 = /dev/kctt1 Second KCT/T card + ... + + 191 char Reserved for PCMCIA + + 192 char Kernel profiling interface + 0 = /dev/profile Profiling control device + 1 = /dev/profile0 Profiling device for CPU 0 + 2 = /dev/profile1 Profiling device for CPU 1 + ... + + 193 char Kernel event-tracing interface + 0 = /dev/trace Tracing control device + 1 = /dev/trace0 Tracing device for CPU 0 + 2 = /dev/trace1 Tracing device for CPU 1 + ... + + 194 char linVideoStreams (LINVS) + 0 = /dev/mvideo/status0 Video compression status + 1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0 Video stream + 2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0 Single compressed frame + 3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0 Raw uncompressed frame + 4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0 Direct codec access + 5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0 Video4Linux compatibility + + 16 = /dev/mvideo/status1 Second device + ... + 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2 Third device + ... + ... + 240 = /dev/mvideo/status15 16th device + ... + + 195 char Nvidia graphics devices + 0 = /dev/nvidia0 First Nvidia card + 1 = /dev/nvidia1 Second Nvidia card + ... + 255 = /dev/nvidiactl Nvidia card control device + + 196 char Tormenta T1 card + 0 = /dev/tor/0 Master control channel for all cards + 1 = /dev/tor/1 First DS0 + 2 = /dev/tor/2 Second DS0 + ... + 48 = /dev/tor/48 48th DS0 + 49 = /dev/tor/49 First pseudo-channel + 50 = /dev/tor/50 Second pseudo-channel + ... + + 197 char OpenTNF tracing facility + 0 = /dev/tnf/t0 Trace 0 data extraction + 1 = /dev/tnf/t1 Trace 1 data extraction + ... + 128 = /dev/tnf/status Tracing facility status + 130 = /dev/tnf/trace Tracing device + + 198 char Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card + 0 = /dev/tpmp2/0 First card + 1 = /dev/tpmp2/1 Second card + ... + + 199 char Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes + 0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* First volume + 1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* Second volume + ... + + 199 block Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes + 0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* First volume + 1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* Second volume + ... + + The namespace in these directories is maintained by + the user space VxVM software. + + 200 char Veritas VxVM configuration interface + 0 = /dev/vx/config Configuration access node + 1 = /dev/vx/trace Volume i/o trace access node + 2 = /dev/vx/iod Volume i/o daemon access node + 3 = /dev/vx/info Volume information access node + 4 = /dev/vx/task Volume tasks access node + 5 = /dev/vx/taskmon Volume tasks monitor daemon + + 201 char Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver + 0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* First multipath device + 1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* Second multipath device + ... + 201 block Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver + 0 = /dev/vx/dmp/* First multipath device + 1 = /dev/vx/dmp/* Second multipath device + ... + + The namespace in these directories is maintained by + the user space VxVM software. + + 202 char CPU model-specific registers + 0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr MSRs on CPU 0 + 1 = /dev/cpu/1/msr MSRs on CPU 1 + ... + + 202 block Xen Virtual Block Device + 0 = /dev/xvda First Xen VBD whole disk + 16 = /dev/xvdb Second Xen VBD whole disk + 32 = /dev/xvdc Third Xen VBD whole disk + ... + 240 = /dev/xvdp Sixteenth Xen VBD whole disk + + Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE + disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on + partitions is 15. + + 203 char CPU CPUID information + 0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid CPUID on CPU 0 + 1 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid CPUID on CPU 1 + ... + + 204 char Low-density serial ports + 0 = /dev/ttyLU0 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 0 + 1 = /dev/ttyLU1 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 1 + 2 = /dev/ttyLU2 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 2 + 3 = /dev/ttyLU3 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 3 + 4 = /dev/ttyFB0 Intel Footbridge (ARM) + 5 = /dev/ttySA0 StrongARM builtin serial port 0 + 6 = /dev/ttySA1 StrongARM builtin serial port 1 + 7 = /dev/ttySA2 StrongARM builtin serial port 2 + 8 = /dev/ttySC0 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 0 + 9 = /dev/ttySC1 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 1 + 10 = /dev/ttySC2 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 2 + 11 = /dev/ttySC3 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 3 + 12 = /dev/ttyFW0 Firmware console - port 0 + 13 = /dev/ttyFW1 Firmware console - port 1 + 14 = /dev/ttyFW2 Firmware console - port 2 + 15 = /dev/ttyFW3 Firmware console - port 3 + 16 = /dev/ttyAM0 ARM "AMBA" serial port 0 + ... + 31 = /dev/ttyAM15 ARM "AMBA" serial port 15 + 32 = /dev/ttyDB0 DataBooster serial port 0 + ... + 39 = /dev/ttyDB7 DataBooster serial port 7 + 40 = /dev/ttySG0 SGI Altix console port + 41 = /dev/ttySMX0 Motorola i.MX - port 0 + 42 = /dev/ttySMX1 Motorola i.MX - port 1 + 43 = /dev/ttySMX2 Motorola i.MX - port 2 + 44 = /dev/ttyMM0 Marvell MPSC - port 0 + 45 = /dev/ttyMM1 Marvell MPSC - port 1 + 46 = /dev/ttyCPM0 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 0 + ... + 47 = /dev/ttyCPM5 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 5 + 50 = /dev/ttyIOC0 Altix serial card + ... + 81 = /dev/ttyIOC31 Altix serial card + 82 = /dev/ttyVR0 NEC VR4100 series SIU + 83 = /dev/ttyVR1 NEC VR4100 series DSIU + 84 = /dev/ttyIOC84 Altix ioc4 serial card + ... + 115 = /dev/ttyIOC115 Altix ioc4 serial card + 116 = /dev/ttySIOC0 Altix ioc3 serial card + ... + 147 = /dev/ttySIOC31 Altix ioc3 serial card + 148 = /dev/ttyPSC0 PPC PSC - port 0 + ... + 153 = /dev/ttyPSC5 PPC PSC - port 5 + 154 = /dev/ttyAT0 ATMEL serial port 0 + ... + 169 = /dev/ttyAT15 ATMEL serial port 15 + 170 = /dev/ttyNX0 Hilscher netX serial port 0 + ... + 185 = /dev/ttyNX15 Hilscher netX serial port 15 + 186 = /dev/ttyJ0 JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation + 187 = /dev/ttyUL0 Xilinx uartlite - port 0 + ... + 190 = /dev/ttyUL3 Xilinx uartlite - port 3 + 191 = /dev/xvc0 Xen virtual console - port 0 + 192 = /dev/ttyPZ0 pmac_zilog - port 0 + ... + 195 = /dev/ttyPZ3 pmac_zilog - port 3 + 196 = /dev/ttyTX0 TX39/49 serial port 0 + ... + 204 = /dev/ttyTX7 TX39/49 serial port 7 + 205 = /dev/ttySC0 SC26xx serial port 0 + 206 = /dev/ttySC1 SC26xx serial port 1 + 207 = /dev/ttySC2 SC26xx serial port 2 + 208 = /dev/ttySC3 SC26xx serial port 3 + 209 = /dev/ttyMAX0 MAX3100 serial port 0 + 210 = /dev/ttyMAX1 MAX3100 serial port 1 + 211 = /dev/ttyMAX2 MAX3100 serial port 2 + 212 = /dev/ttyMAX3 MAX3100 serial port 3 + + 205 char Low-density serial ports (alternate device) + 0 = /dev/culu0 Callout device for ttyLU0 + 1 = /dev/culu1 Callout device for ttyLU1 + 2 = /dev/culu2 Callout device for ttyLU2 + 3 = /dev/culu3 Callout device for ttyLU3 + 4 = /dev/cufb0 Callout device for ttyFB0 + 5 = /dev/cusa0 Callout device for ttySA0 + 6 = /dev/cusa1 Callout device for ttySA1 + 7 = /dev/cusa2 Callout device for ttySA2 + 8 = /dev/cusc0 Callout device for ttySC0 + 9 = /dev/cusc1 Callout device for ttySC1 + 10 = /dev/cusc2 Callout device for ttySC2 + 11 = /dev/cusc3 Callout device for ttySC3 + 12 = /dev/cufw0 Callout device for ttyFW0 + 13 = /dev/cufw1 Callout device for ttyFW1 + 14 = /dev/cufw2 Callout device for ttyFW2 + 15 = /dev/cufw3 Callout device for ttyFW3 + 16 = /dev/cuam0 Callout device for ttyAM0 + ... + 31 = /dev/cuam15 Callout device for ttyAM15 + 32 = /dev/cudb0 Callout device for ttyDB0 + ... + 39 = /dev/cudb7 Callout device for ttyDB7 + 40 = /dev/cusg0 Callout device for ttySG0 + 41 = /dev/ttycusmx0 Callout device for ttySMX0 + 42 = /dev/ttycusmx1 Callout device for ttySMX1 + 43 = /dev/ttycusmx2 Callout device for ttySMX2 + 46 = /dev/cucpm0 Callout device for ttyCPM0 + ... + 49 = /dev/cucpm5 Callout device for ttyCPM5 + 50 = /dev/cuioc40 Callout device for ttyIOC40 + ... + 81 = /dev/cuioc431 Callout device for ttyIOC431 + 82 = /dev/cuvr0 Callout device for ttyVR0 + 83 = /dev/cuvr1 Callout device for ttyVR1 + + 206 char OnStream SC-x0 tape devices + 0 = /dev/osst0 First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0 + 1 = /dev/osst1 Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0 + ... + 32 = /dev/osst0l First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1 + 33 = /dev/osst1l Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1 + ... + 64 = /dev/osst0m First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2 + 65 = /dev/osst1m Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2 + ... + 96 = /dev/osst0a First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3 + 97 = /dev/osst1a Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3 + ... + 128 = /dev/nosst0 No rewind version of /dev/osst0 + 129 = /dev/nosst1 No rewind version of /dev/osst1 + ... + 160 = /dev/nosst0l No rewind version of /dev/osst0l + 161 = /dev/nosst1l No rewind version of /dev/osst1l + ... + 192 = /dev/nosst0m No rewind version of /dev/osst0m + 193 = /dev/nosst1m No rewind version of /dev/osst1m + ... + 224 = /dev/nosst0a No rewind version of /dev/osst0a + 225 = /dev/nosst1a No rewind version of /dev/osst1a + ... + + The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support the + standard SCSI SASD command set and therefore need + their own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (and + maybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi or + usb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device and + driver as well. The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157 + compliant and don't need osst. + + 207 char Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate + 0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw Redirector interface + 1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom EISA CROM + 2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt Data Table + 3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt Event Log + 4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr Automatic Server Recovery + 5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc ECC Memory + 6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca Machine Check Architecture + 7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm Deprecated CDT + 8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi NMI Handling + 9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css Sideshow Management + 10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram CMOS interface + 11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci PCI IRQ interface + + 208 char User space serial ports + 0 = /dev/ttyU0 First user space serial port + 1 = /dev/ttyU1 Second user space serial port + ... + + 209 char User space serial ports (alternate devices) + 0 = /dev/cuu0 Callout device for ttyU0 + 1 = /dev/cuu1 Callout device for ttyU1 + ... + + 210 char SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card + 0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0 Configuration device for board 0 + 1 = /dev/sbei/dld0 Download device for board 0 + 2 = /dev/sbei/wan00 WAN device, port 0, board 0 + 3 = /dev/sbei/wan01 WAN device, port 1, board 0 + 4 = /dev/sbei/wan02 WAN device, port 2, board 0 + 5 = /dev/sbei/wan03 WAN device, port 3, board 0 + 6 = /dev/sbei/wanc00 WAN clone device, port 0, board 0 + 7 = /dev/sbei/wanc01 WAN clone device, port 1, board 0 + 8 = /dev/sbei/wanc02 WAN clone device, port 2, board 0 + 9 = /dev/sbei/wanc03 WAN clone device, port 3, board 0 + 10 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1 Configuration device for board 1 + 11 = /dev/sbei/dld1 Download device for board 1 + 12 = /dev/sbei/wan10 WAN device, port 0, board 1 + 13 = /dev/sbei/wan11 WAN device, port 1, board 1 + 14 = /dev/sbei/wan12 WAN device, port 2, board 1 + 15 = /dev/sbei/wan13 WAN device, port 3, board 1 + 16 = /dev/sbei/wanc10 WAN clone device, port 0, board 1 + 17 = /dev/sbei/wanc11 WAN clone device, port 1, board 1 + 18 = /dev/sbei/wanc12 WAN clone device, port 2, board 1 + 19 = /dev/sbei/wanc13 WAN clone device, port 3, board 1 + ... + + Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart. + + 211 char Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card + 0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0 First CPCI1500 card + 1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1 Second CPCI1500 card + ... + + 212 char LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem + 0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0 first video decoder of first card + 1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0 first audio decoder of first card + 2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0 (obsolete/unused) + 3 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 first frontend device of first card + 4 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0 first demux device of first card + 5 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0 first digital video recoder device of first card + 6 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0 first common access port of first card + 7 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0 first network device of first card + 8 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0 first on-screen-display device of first card + 9 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video1 second video decoder of first card + ... + 64 = /dev/dvb/adapter1/video0 first video decoder of second card + ... + 128 = /dev/dvb/adapter2/video0 first video decoder of third card + ... + 196 = /dev/dvb/adapter3/video0 first video decoder of fourth card + + 216 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices + 0 = /dev/rfcomm0 First Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device + 1 = /dev/rfcomm1 Second Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device + ... + + 217 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices (alternate devices) + 0 = /dev/curf0 Callout device for rfcomm0 + 1 = /dev/curf1 Callout device for rfcomm1 + ... + + 218 char The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters + 0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0 First bus adapter + 1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1 First bus adapter + ... + + 219 char The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card + 0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0 First DCI-1300 card + 1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1 Second DCI-1300 card + ... + + 220 char Myricom Myrinet "GM" board + 0 = /dev/myricom/gm0 First Myrinet GM board + 1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0 First board "root access" + 2 = /dev/myricom/gm1 Second Myrinet GM board + 3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1 Second board "root access" + ... + + 221 char VME bus + 0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0 First master image + 1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1 Second master image + 2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2 Third master image + 3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3 Fourth master image + 4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0 First slave image + 5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1 Second slave image + 6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2 Third slave image + 7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3 Fourth slave image + 8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl Control + + It is expected that all VME bus drivers will use the + same interface. For interface documentation see + http://www.vmelinux.org/. + + 224 char A2232 serial card + 0 = /dev/ttyY0 First A2232 port + 1 = /dev/ttyY1 Second A2232 port + ... + + 225 char A2232 serial card (alternate devices) + 0 = /dev/cuy0 Callout device for ttyY0 + 1 = /dev/cuy1 Callout device for ttyY1 + ... + + 226 char Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) + 0 = /dev/dri/card0 First graphics card + 1 = /dev/dri/card1 Second graphics card + ... + + 227 char IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access + 1 = /dev/3270/tty1 First 3270 terminal + 2 = /dev/3270/tty2 Seconds 3270 terminal + ... + + 228 char IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access + 0 = /dev/3270/tub Controlling interface + 1 = /dev/3270/tub1 First 3270 terminal + 2 = /dev/3270/tub2 Second 3270 terminal + ... + + 229 char IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console + 0 = /dev/hvc0 First console port + 1 = /dev/hvc1 Second console port + ... + + 230 char IBM iSeries virtual tape + 0 = /dev/iseries/vt0 First virtual tape, mode 0 + 1 = /dev/iseries/vt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0 + ... + 32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l First virtual tape, mode 1 + 33 = /dev/iseries/vt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1 + ... + 64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m First virtual tape, mode 2 + 65 = /dev/iseries/vt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2 + ... + 96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a First virtual tape, mode 3 + 97 = /dev/iseries/vt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3 + ... + 128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0 First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind + 129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind + ... + 160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind + 161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind + ... + 192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind + 193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind + ... + 224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind + 225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind + ... + + "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default + automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL + ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of + the device used to access it. + + 231 char InfiniBand + 0 = /dev/infiniband/umad0 + 1 = /dev/infiniband/umad1 + ... + 63 = /dev/infiniband/umad63 63rd InfiniBandMad device + 64 = /dev/infiniband/issm0 First InfiniBand IsSM device + 65 = /dev/infiniband/issm1 Second InfiniBand IsSM device + ... + 127 = /dev/infiniband/issm63 63rd InfiniBand IsSM device + 128 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs0 First InfiniBand verbs device + 129 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs1 Second InfiniBand verbs device + ... + 159 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs31 31st InfiniBand verbs device + + 232 char Biometric Devices + 0 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on first device + 1 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/iris first iris sensor on first device + 2 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/retina first retina sensor on first device + 3 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/voiceprint first voiceprint sensor on first device + 4 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/facial first facial sensor on first device + 5 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/hand first hand sensor on first device + ... + 10 = /dev/biometric/sensor1/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on second device + ... + 20 = /dev/biometric/sensor2/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on third device + ... + + 233 char PathScale InfiniPath interconnect + 0 = /dev/ipath Primary device for programs (any unit) + 1 = /dev/ipath0 Access specifically to unit 0 + 2 = /dev/ipath1 Access specifically to unit 1 + ... + 4 = /dev/ipath3 Access specifically to unit 3 + 129 = /dev/ipath_sma Device used by Subnet Management Agent + 130 = /dev/ipath_diag Device used by diagnostics programs + + 234-254 char RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT + Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major number will + take numbers starting from 254 and downward. + + 240-254 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE + Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not + assigned official numbers, these ranges should be + used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. + + 255 char RESERVED + + 255 block RESERVED + + This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a + larger number space. No device nodes with this major + should ever be created on the filesystem. + (This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it + for now /Torben) + + ---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!--- + + 256 char Equinox SST multi-port serial boards + 0 = /dev/ttyEQ0 First serial port on first Equinox SST board + 127 = /dev/ttyEQ127 Last serial port on first Equinox SST board + 128 = /dev/ttyEQ128 First serial port on second Equinox SST board + ... + 1027 = /dev/ttyEQ1027 Last serial port on eighth Equinox SST board + + 256 block Resident Flash Disk Flash Translation Layer + 0 = /dev/rfda First RFD FTL layer + 16 = /dev/rfdb Second RFD FTL layer + ... + 240 = /dev/rfdp 16th RFD FTL layer + + 257 char Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver + 0 = /dev/ptlsec Crypto Services Driver + + 257 block SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem + 0 = /dev/ssfdca First SSFDC layer + 8 = /dev/ssfdcb Second SSFDC layer + 16 = /dev/ssfdcc Third SSFDC layer + 24 = /dev/ssfdcd 4th SSFDC layer + 32 = /dev/ssfdce 5th SSFDC layer + 40 = /dev/ssfdcf 6th SSFDC layer + 48 = /dev/ssfdcg 7th SSFDC layer + 56 = /dev/ssfdch 8th SSFDC layer + + 258 block ROM/Flash read-only translation layer + 0 = /dev/blockrom0 First ROM card's translation layer interface + 1 = /dev/blockrom1 Second ROM card's translation layer interface + ... + + 259 block Block Extended Major + Used dynamically to hold additional partition minor + numbers and allow large numbers of partitions per device + + 259 char FPGA configuration interfaces + 0 = /dev/icap0 First Xilinx internal configuration + 1 = /dev/icap1 Second Xilinx internal configuration + + 260 char OSD (Object-based-device) SCSI Device + 0 = /dev/osd0 First OSD Device + 1 = /dev/osd1 Second OSD Device + ... + 255 = /dev/osd255 256th OSD Device