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platform_system_core/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include "nativeloader/native_loader.h"
#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#ifdef __ANDROID__
#define LOG_TAG "libnativeloader"
#include "nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h"
#include "cutils/properties.h"
#include "log/log.h"
#endif
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <android-base/file.h>
#include <android-base/macros.h>
#include <android-base/strings.h>
#ifdef __BIONIC__
#include <android-base/properties.h>
#endif
#define CHECK(predicate) LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!(predicate),\
"%s:%d: %s CHECK '" #predicate "' failed.",\
__FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__)
namespace android {
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
class NativeLoaderNamespace {
public:
NativeLoaderNamespace()
: android_ns_(nullptr), native_bridge_ns_(nullptr) { }
explicit NativeLoaderNamespace(android_namespace_t* ns)
: android_ns_(ns), native_bridge_ns_(nullptr) { }
explicit NativeLoaderNamespace(native_bridge_namespace_t* ns)
: android_ns_(nullptr), native_bridge_ns_(ns) { }
NativeLoaderNamespace(NativeLoaderNamespace&& that) = default;
NativeLoaderNamespace(const NativeLoaderNamespace& that) = default;
NativeLoaderNamespace& operator=(const NativeLoaderNamespace& that) = default;
android_namespace_t* get_android_ns() const {
CHECK(native_bridge_ns_ == nullptr);
return android_ns_;
}
native_bridge_namespace_t* get_native_bridge_ns() const {
CHECK(android_ns_ == nullptr);
return native_bridge_ns_;
}
bool is_android_namespace() const {
return native_bridge_ns_ == nullptr;
}
private:
// Only one of them can be not null
android_namespace_t* android_ns_;
native_bridge_namespace_t* native_bridge_ns_;
};
static constexpr const char kPublicNativeLibrariesSystemConfigPathFromRoot[] =
"/etc/public.libraries.txt";
static constexpr const char kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigPrefix[] = "public.libraries-";
static constexpr const size_t kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigPrefixLen =
sizeof(kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigPrefix) - 1;
static constexpr const char kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigSuffix[] = ".txt";
static constexpr const size_t kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigSuffixLen =
sizeof(kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigSuffix) - 1;
static constexpr const char kPublicNativeLibrariesVendorConfig[] =
"/vendor/etc/public.libraries.txt";
static constexpr const char kLlndkNativeLibrariesSystemConfigPathFromRoot[] =
"/etc/llndk.libraries.txt";
static constexpr const char kVndkspNativeLibrariesSystemConfigPathFromRoot[] =
"/etc/vndksp.libraries.txt";
// The device may be configured to have the vendor libraries loaded to a separate namespace.
// For historical reasons this namespace was named sphal but effectively it is intended
// to use to load vendor libraries to separate namespace with controlled interface between
// vendor and system namespaces.
static constexpr const char* kVendorNamespaceName = "sphal";
static constexpr const char* kVndkNamespaceName = "vndk";
static constexpr const char* kClassloaderNamespaceName = "classloader-namespace";
static constexpr const char* kVendorClassloaderNamespaceName = "vendor-classloader-namespace";
// (http://b/27588281) This is a workaround for apps using custom classloaders and calling
// System.load() with an absolute path which is outside of the classloader library search path.
// This list includes all directories app is allowed to access this way.
static constexpr const char* kWhitelistedDirectories = "/data:/mnt/expand";
static bool is_debuggable() {
char debuggable[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
property_get("ro.debuggable", debuggable, "0");
return std::string(debuggable) == "1";
}
static std::string vndk_version_str() {
#ifdef __BIONIC__
std::string version = android::base::GetProperty("ro.vndk.version", "");
if (version != "" && version != "current") {
return "." + version;
}
#endif
return "";
}
static void insert_vndk_version_str(std::string* file_name) {
CHECK(file_name != nullptr);
size_t insert_pos = file_name->find_last_of(".");
if (insert_pos == std::string::npos) {
insert_pos = file_name->length();
}
file_name->insert(insert_pos, vndk_version_str());
}
static const std::function<bool(const std::string&, std::string*)> always_true =
[](const std::string&, std::string*) { return true; };
class LibraryNamespaces {
public:
LibraryNamespaces() : initialized_(false) { }
bool Create(JNIEnv* env,
uint32_t target_sdk_version,
jobject class_loader,
bool is_shared,
bool is_for_vendor,
jstring java_library_path,
jstring java_permitted_path,
NativeLoaderNamespace* ns,
std::string* error_msg) {
std::string library_path; // empty string by default.
if (java_library_path != nullptr) {
ScopedUtfChars library_path_utf_chars(env, java_library_path);
library_path = library_path_utf_chars.c_str();
}
// (http://b/27588281) This is a workaround for apps using custom
// classloaders and calling System.load() with an absolute path which
// is outside of the classloader library search path.
//
// This part effectively allows such a classloader to access anything
// under /data and /mnt/expand
std::string permitted_path = kWhitelistedDirectories;
if (java_permitted_path != nullptr) {
ScopedUtfChars path(env, java_permitted_path);
if (path.c_str() != nullptr && path.size() > 0) {
permitted_path = permitted_path + ":" + path.c_str();
}
}
if (!initialized_ && !InitPublicNamespace(library_path.c_str(), error_msg)) {
return false;
}
bool found = FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader, nullptr);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(found,
"There is already a namespace associated with this classloader");
uint64_t namespace_type = ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED;
if (is_shared) {
namespace_type |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED;
}
if (target_sdk_version < 24) {
namespace_type |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_GREYLIST_ENABLED;
}
NativeLoaderNamespace parent_ns;
bool found_parent_namespace = FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader, &parent_ns);
bool is_native_bridge = false;
if (found_parent_namespace) {
is_native_bridge = !parent_ns.is_android_namespace();
} else if (!library_path.empty()) {
is_native_bridge = NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(library_path.c_str());
}
std::string system_exposed_libraries = system_public_libraries_;
const char* namespace_name = kClassloaderNamespaceName;
android_namespace_t* vndk_ns = nullptr;
if (is_for_vendor && !is_shared) {
LOG_FATAL_IF(is_native_bridge, "Unbundled vendor apk must not use translated architecture");
// For vendor apks, give access to the vendor lib even though
// they are treated as unbundled; the libs and apks are still bundled
// together in the vendor partition.
#if defined(__LP64__)
std::string vendor_lib_path = "/vendor/lib64";
#else
std::string vendor_lib_path = "/vendor/lib";
#endif
library_path = library_path + ":" + vendor_lib_path.c_str();
permitted_path = permitted_path + ":" + vendor_lib_path.c_str();
// Also give access to LLNDK libraries since they are available to vendors
system_exposed_libraries = system_exposed_libraries + ":" + system_llndk_libraries_.c_str();
// Give access to VNDK-SP libraries from the 'vndk' namespace.
vndk_ns = android_get_exported_namespace(kVndkNamespaceName);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(vndk_ns == nullptr,
"Cannot find \"%s\" namespace for vendor apks", kVndkNamespaceName);
// Different name is useful for debugging
namespace_name = kVendorClassloaderNamespaceName;
ALOGD("classloader namespace configured for unbundled vendor apk. library_path=%s", library_path.c_str());
}
NativeLoaderNamespace native_loader_ns;
if (!is_native_bridge) {
android_namespace_t* ns = android_create_namespace(namespace_name,
nullptr,
library_path.c_str(),
namespace_type,
permitted_path.c_str(),
parent_ns.get_android_ns());
if (ns == nullptr) {
*error_msg = dlerror();
return false;
}
// Note that when vendor_ns is not configured this function will return nullptr
// and it will result in linking vendor_public_libraries_ to the default namespace
// which is expected behavior in this case.
android_namespace_t* vendor_ns = android_get_exported_namespace(kVendorNamespaceName);
if (!android_link_namespaces(ns, nullptr, system_exposed_libraries.c_str())) {
*error_msg = dlerror();
return false;
}
if (vndk_ns != nullptr && !system_vndksp_libraries_.empty()) {
// vendor apks are allowed to use VNDK-SP libraries.
if (!android_link_namespaces(ns, vndk_ns, system_vndksp_libraries_.c_str())) {
*error_msg = dlerror();
return false;
}
}
if (!vendor_public_libraries_.empty()) {
if (!android_link_namespaces(ns, vendor_ns, vendor_public_libraries_.c_str())) {
*error_msg = dlerror();
return false;
}
}
native_loader_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace(ns);
} else {
native_bridge_namespace_t* ns = NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(namespace_name,
nullptr,
library_path.c_str(),
namespace_type,
permitted_path.c_str(),
parent_ns.get_native_bridge_ns());
if (ns == nullptr) {
*error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
return false;
}
native_bridge_namespace_t* vendor_ns = NativeBridgeGetVendorNamespace();
if (!NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(ns, nullptr, system_exposed_libraries.c_str())) {
*error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
return false;
}
if (!vendor_public_libraries_.empty()) {
if (!NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(ns, vendor_ns, vendor_public_libraries_.c_str())) {
*error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
return false;
}
}
native_loader_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace(ns);
}
namespaces_.push_back(std::make_pair(env->NewWeakGlobalRef(class_loader), native_loader_ns));
*ns = native_loader_ns;
return true;
}
bool FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader, NativeLoaderNamespace* ns) {
auto it = std::find_if(namespaces_.begin(), namespaces_.end(),
[&](const std::pair<jweak, NativeLoaderNamespace>& value) {
return env->IsSameObject(value.first, class_loader);
});
if (it != namespaces_.end()) {
if (ns != nullptr) {
*ns = it->second;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
void Initialize() {
// Once public namespace is initialized there is no
// point in running this code - it will have no effect
// on the current list of public libraries.
if (initialized_) {
return;
}
std::vector<std::string> sonames;
const char* android_root_env = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
std::string root_dir = android_root_env != nullptr ? android_root_env : "/system";
std::string public_native_libraries_system_config =
root_dir + kPublicNativeLibrariesSystemConfigPathFromRoot;
std::string llndk_native_libraries_system_config =
root_dir + kLlndkNativeLibrariesSystemConfigPathFromRoot;
std::string vndksp_native_libraries_system_config =
root_dir + kVndkspNativeLibrariesSystemConfigPathFromRoot;
std::string error_msg;
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
!ReadConfig(public_native_libraries_system_config, &sonames, always_true, &error_msg),
"Error reading public native library list from \"%s\": %s",
public_native_libraries_system_config.c_str(), error_msg.c_str());
// read /system/etc/public.libraries-<companyname>.txt which contain partner defined
// system libs that are exposed to apps. The libs in the txt files must be
// named as lib<name>.<companyname>.so.
std::string dirname = base::Dirname(public_native_libraries_system_config);
std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(dirname.c_str()), closedir);
if (dir != nullptr) {
// Failing to opening the dir is not an error, which can happen in
// webview_zygote.
struct dirent* ent;
while ((ent = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr) {
if (ent->d_type != DT_REG && ent->d_type != DT_LNK) {
continue;
}
const std::string filename(ent->d_name);
if (android::base::StartsWith(filename, kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigPrefix) &&
android::base::EndsWith(filename, kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigSuffix)) {
const size_t start = kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigPrefixLen;
const size_t end = filename.size() - kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigSuffixLen;
const std::string company_name = filename.substr(start, end - start);
const std::string config_file_path = dirname + "/" + filename;
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
company_name.empty(),
"Error extracting company name from public native library list file path \"%s\"",
config_file_path.c_str());
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
!ReadConfig(
config_file_path, &sonames,
[&company_name](const std::string& soname, std::string* error_msg) {
if (android::base::StartsWith(soname, "lib") &&
android::base::EndsWith(soname, "." + company_name + ".so")) {
return true;
} else {
*error_msg = "Library name \"" + soname +
"\" does not end with the company name: " + company_name + ".";
return false;
}
},
&error_msg),
"Error reading public native library list from \"%s\": %s", config_file_path.c_str(),
error_msg.c_str());
}
}
}
// Insert VNDK version to llndk and vndksp config file names.
insert_vndk_version_str(&llndk_native_libraries_system_config);
insert_vndk_version_str(&vndksp_native_libraries_system_config);
// For debuggable platform builds use ANDROID_ADDITIONAL_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES environment
// variable to add libraries to the list. This is intended for platform tests only.
if (is_debuggable()) {
const char* additional_libs = getenv("ANDROID_ADDITIONAL_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES");
if (additional_libs != nullptr && additional_libs[0] != '\0') {
std::vector<std::string> additional_libs_vector = base::Split(additional_libs, ":");
std::copy(additional_libs_vector.begin(),
additional_libs_vector.end(),
std::back_inserter(sonames));
}
}
// android_init_namespaces() expects all the public libraries
// to be loaded so that they can be found by soname alone.
//
// TODO(dimitry): this is a bit misleading since we do not know
// if the vendor public library is going to be opened from /vendor/lib
// we might as well end up loading them from /system/lib
// For now we rely on CTS test to catch things like this but
// it should probably be addressed in the future.
for (const auto& soname : sonames) {
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(dlopen(soname.c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_NODELETE) == nullptr,
"Error preloading public library %s: %s",
soname.c_str(), dlerror());
}
system_public_libraries_ = base::Join(sonames, ':');
sonames.clear();
ReadConfig(llndk_native_libraries_system_config, &sonames, always_true);
system_llndk_libraries_ = base::Join(sonames, ':');
sonames.clear();
ReadConfig(vndksp_native_libraries_system_config, &sonames, always_true);
system_vndksp_libraries_ = base::Join(sonames, ':');
sonames.clear();
// This file is optional, quietly ignore if the file does not exist.
ReadConfig(kPublicNativeLibrariesVendorConfig, &sonames, always_true, nullptr);
vendor_public_libraries_ = base::Join(sonames, ':');
}
void Reset() {
namespaces_.clear();
}
private:
bool ReadConfig(const std::string& configFile, std::vector<std::string>* sonames,
const std::function<bool(const std::string& /* soname */,
std::string* /* error_msg */)>& check_soname,
std::string* error_msg = nullptr) {
// Read list of public native libraries from the config file.
std::string file_content;
if(!base::ReadFileToString(configFile, &file_content)) {
if (error_msg) *error_msg = strerror(errno);
return false;
}
std::vector<std::string> lines = base::Split(file_content, "\n");
for (auto& line : lines) {
auto trimmed_line = base::Trim(line);
if (trimmed_line[0] == '#' || trimmed_line.empty()) {
continue;
}
size_t space_pos = trimmed_line.rfind(' ');
if (space_pos != std::string::npos) {
std::string type = trimmed_line.substr(space_pos + 1);
if (type != "32" && type != "64") {
if (error_msg) *error_msg = "Malformed line: " + line;
return false;
}
#if defined(__LP64__)
// Skip 32 bit public library.
if (type == "32") {
continue;
}
#else
// Skip 64 bit public library.
if (type == "64") {
continue;
}
#endif
trimmed_line.resize(space_pos);
}
if (check_soname(trimmed_line, error_msg)) {
sonames->push_back(trimmed_line);
} else {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
bool InitPublicNamespace(const char* library_path, std::string* error_msg) {
// Ask native bride if this apps library path should be handled by it
bool is_native_bridge = NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(library_path);
// (http://b/25844435) - Some apps call dlopen from generated code (mono jited
// code is one example) unknown to linker in which case linker uses anonymous
// namespace. The second argument specifies the search path for the anonymous
// namespace which is the library_path of the classloader.
initialized_ = android_init_anonymous_namespace(system_public_libraries_.c_str(),
is_native_bridge ? nullptr : library_path);
if (!initialized_) {
*error_msg = dlerror();
return false;
}
// and now initialize native bridge namespaces if necessary.
if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
initialized_ = NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(system_public_libraries_.c_str(),
is_native_bridge ? library_path : nullptr);
if (!initialized_) {
*error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
}
}
return initialized_;
}
jobject GetParentClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader) {
jclass class_loader_class = env->FindClass("java/lang/ClassLoader");
jmethodID get_parent = env->GetMethodID(class_loader_class,
"getParent",
"()Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;");
return env->CallObjectMethod(class_loader, get_parent);
}
bool FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env,
jobject class_loader,
NativeLoaderNamespace* ns) {
jobject parent_class_loader = GetParentClassLoader(env, class_loader);
while (parent_class_loader != nullptr) {
if (FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, parent_class_loader, ns)) {
return true;
}
parent_class_loader = GetParentClassLoader(env, parent_class_loader);
}
return false;
}
bool initialized_;
std::vector<std::pair<jweak, NativeLoaderNamespace>> namespaces_;
std::string system_public_libraries_;
std::string vendor_public_libraries_;
std::string system_llndk_libraries_;
std::string system_vndksp_libraries_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(LibraryNamespaces);
};
static std::mutex g_namespaces_mutex;
static LibraryNamespaces* g_namespaces = new LibraryNamespaces;
#endif
void InitializeNativeLoader() {
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
g_namespaces->Initialize();
#endif
}
void ResetNativeLoader() {
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
g_namespaces->Reset();
#endif
}
jstring CreateClassLoaderNamespace(JNIEnv* env,
int32_t target_sdk_version,
jobject class_loader,
bool is_shared,
bool is_for_vendor,
jstring library_path,
jstring permitted_path) {
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
std::string error_msg;
NativeLoaderNamespace ns;
bool success = g_namespaces->Create(env,
target_sdk_version,
class_loader,
is_shared,
is_for_vendor,
library_path,
permitted_path,
&ns,
&error_msg);
if (!success) {
return env->NewStringUTF(error_msg.c_str());
}
#else
UNUSED(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, is_shared, is_for_vendor,
library_path, permitted_path);
#endif
return nullptr;
}
void* OpenNativeLibrary(JNIEnv* env,
int32_t target_sdk_version,
const char* path,
jobject class_loader,
jstring library_path,
bool* needs_native_bridge,
std::string* error_msg) {
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
UNUSED(target_sdk_version);
if (class_loader == nullptr) {
*needs_native_bridge = false;
return dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
}
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
NativeLoaderNamespace ns;
if (!g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader, &ns)) {
// This is the case where the classloader was not created by ApplicationLoaders
// In this case we create an isolated not-shared namespace for it.
if (!g_namespaces->Create(env,
target_sdk_version,
class_loader,
false /* is_shared */,
false /* is_for_vendor */,
library_path,
nullptr,
&ns,
error_msg)) {
return nullptr;
}
}
if (ns.is_android_namespace()) {
android_dlextinfo extinfo;
extinfo.flags = ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_NAMESPACE;
extinfo.library_namespace = ns.get_android_ns();
void* handle = android_dlopen_ext(path, RTLD_NOW, &extinfo);
if (handle == nullptr) {
*error_msg = dlerror();
}
*needs_native_bridge = false;
return handle;
} else {
void* handle = NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(path, RTLD_NOW, ns.get_native_bridge_ns());
if (handle == nullptr) {
*error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
}
*needs_native_bridge = true;
return handle;
}
#else
UNUSED(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader);
// Do some best effort to emulate library-path support. It will not
// work for dependencies.
//
// Note: null has a special meaning and must be preserved.
std::string c_library_path; // Empty string by default.
if (library_path != nullptr && path != nullptr && path[0] != '/') {
ScopedUtfChars library_path_utf_chars(env, library_path);
c_library_path = library_path_utf_chars.c_str();
}
std::vector<std::string> library_paths = base::Split(c_library_path, ":");
for (const std::string& lib_path : library_paths) {
*needs_native_bridge = false;
const char* path_arg;
std::string complete_path;
if (path == nullptr) {
// Preserve null.
path_arg = nullptr;
} else {
complete_path = lib_path;
if (!complete_path.empty()) {
complete_path.append("/");
}
complete_path.append(path);
path_arg = complete_path.c_str();
}
void* handle = dlopen(path_arg, RTLD_NOW);
if (handle != nullptr) {
return handle;
}
if (NativeBridgeIsSupported(path_arg)) {
*needs_native_bridge = true;
handle = NativeBridgeLoadLibrary(path_arg, RTLD_NOW);
if (handle != nullptr) {
return handle;
}
*error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
} else {
*error_msg = dlerror();
}
}
return nullptr;
#endif
}
bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle, const bool needs_native_bridge) {
return needs_native_bridge ? NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(handle) :
dlclose(handle);
}
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
// native_bridge_namespaces are not supported for callers of this function.
// This function will return nullptr in the case when application is running
// on native bridge.
android_namespace_t* FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader) {
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
NativeLoaderNamespace ns;
if (g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader, &ns)) {
return ns.is_android_namespace() ? ns.get_android_ns() : nullptr;
}
return nullptr;
}
#endif
}; // android namespace
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