116 lines
3.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
116 lines
3.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. module:: werkzeug.test
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Testing WSGI Applications
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=========================
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Test Client
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-----------
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Werkzeug provides a :class:`Client` to simulate requests to a WSGI
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application without starting a server. The client has methods for making
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different types of requests, as well as managing cookies across
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requests.
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>>> from werkzeug.test import Client
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>>> from werkzeug.testapp import test_app
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>>> c = Client(test_app)
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>>> response = c.get("/")
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>>> response.status_code
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200
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>>> response.headers
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Headers([('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8'), ('Content-Length', '5211')])
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>>> response.get_data(as_text=True)
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'<!doctype html>...'
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The client's request methods return instances of :class:`TestResponse`.
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This provides extra attributes and methods on top of
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:class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response` that are useful for testing.
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Request Body
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------------
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By passing a dict to ``data``, the client will construct a request body
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with file and form data. It will set the content type to
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``application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` if there are no files, or
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``multipart/form-data`` there are.
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.. code-block:: python
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import io
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response = client.post(data={
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"name": "test",
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"file": (BytesIO("file contents".encode("utf8")), "test.txt")
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})
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Pass a string, bytes, or file-like object to ``data`` to use that as the
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raw request body. In that case, you should set the content type
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appropriately. For example, to post YAML:
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.. code-block:: python
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response = client.post(
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data="a: value\nb: 1\n", content_type="application/yaml"
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)
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A shortcut when testing JSON APIs is to pass a dict to ``json`` instead
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of using ``data``. This will automatically call ``json.dumps()`` and
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set the content type to ``application/json``. Additionally, if the
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app returns JSON, ``response.json`` will automatically call
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``json.loads()``.
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.. code-block:: python
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response = client.post("/api", json={"a": "value", "b": 1})
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obj = response.json()
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Environment Builder
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-------------------
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:class:`EnvironBuilder` is used to construct a WSGI environ dict. The
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test client uses this internally to prepare its requests. The arguments
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passed to the client request methods are the same as the builder.
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Sometimes, it can be useful to construct a WSGI environment manually.
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An environ builder or dict can be passed to the test client request
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methods in place of other arguments to use a custom environ.
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.. code-block:: Python
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from werkzeug.test import EnvironBuilder
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builder = EnvironBuilder(...)
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# build an environ dict
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environ = builder.get_environ()
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# build an environ dict wrapped in a request
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request = builder.get_request()
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The test client responses make this available through
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:attr:`TestResponse.request` and ``response.request.environ``.
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API
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---
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.. autoclass:: Client
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:members:
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:member-order: bysource
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.. autoclass:: TestResponse
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:members:
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:member-order: bysource
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.. autoclass:: Cookie
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:members:
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:member-order: bysource
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.. autoclass:: EnvironBuilder
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:members:
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:member-order: bysource
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.. autofunction:: create_environ
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.. autofunction:: run_wsgi_app
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