qemu/hw/pcie_aer.c

/*
 * pcie_aer.c
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2010 Isaku Yamahata <yamahata at valinux co jp>
 *                    VA Linux Systems Japan K.K.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "sysemu.h"
#include "pci_bridge.h"
#include "pcie.h"
#include "msix.h"
#include "msi.h"
#include "pci_internals.h"
#include "pcie_regs.h"

//#define DEBUG_PCIE
#ifdef DEBUG_PCIE
# define PCIE_DPRINTF(fmt, ...)                                         \
    fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d " fmt, __func__, __LINE__, ## __VA_ARGS__)
#else
# define PCIE_DPRINTF(fmt, ...) do {} while (0)
#endif
#define PCIE_DEV_PRINTF(dev, fmt, ...)                                  \
    PCIE_DPRINTF("%s:%x "fmt, (dev)->name, (dev)->devfn, ## __VA_ARGS__)

/* From 6.2.7 Error Listing and Rules. Table 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4 */
static uint32_t pcie_aer_uncor_default_severity(uint32_t status)
{
    switch (status) {
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_INTN:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_DLP:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_SDN:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_RX_OVER:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_FCP:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_MALF_TLP:
        return PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_FATAL_EN;
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_POISON_TLP:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_ECRC:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_UNSUP:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_COMP_TIME:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_COMP_ABORT:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_UNX_COMP:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_ACSV:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_MCBTLP:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_ATOP_EBLOCKED:
    case PCI_ERR_UNC_TLP_PRF_BLOCKED:
        return PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_NONFATAL_EN;
    default:
        abort();
        break;
    }
    return PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_FATAL_EN;
}

static int aer_log_add_err(PCIEAERLog *aer_log, const PCIEAERErr *err)
{
    if (aer_log->log_num == aer_log->log_max) {
        return -1;
    }
    memcpy(&aer_log->log[aer_log->log_num], err, sizeof *err);
    aer_log->log_num++;
    return 0;
}

static void aer_log_del_err(PCIEAERLog *aer_log, PCIEAERErr *err)
{
    assert(aer_log->log_num);
    *err = aer_log->log[0];
    aer_log->log_num--;
    memmove(&aer_log->log[0], &aer_log->log[1],
            aer_log->log_num * sizeof *err);
}

static void aer_log_clear_all_err(PCIEAERLog *aer_log)
{
    aer_log->log_num = 0;
}

int pcie_aer_init(PCIDevice *dev, uint16_t offset)
{
    PCIExpressDevice *exp;

    pcie_add_capability(dev, PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_ERR, PCI_ERR_VER,
                        offset, PCI_ERR_SIZEOF);
    exp = &dev->exp;
    exp->aer_cap = offset;

    /* log_max is property */
    if (dev->exp.aer_log.log_max == PCIE_AER_LOG_MAX_UNSET) {
        dev->exp.aer_log.log_max = PCIE_AER_LOG_MAX_DEFAULT;
    }
    /* clip down the value to avoid unreasobale memory usage */
    if (dev->exp.aer_log.log_max > PCIE_AER_LOG_MAX_LIMIT) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    dev->exp.aer_log.log = qemu_mallocz(sizeof dev->exp.aer_log.log[0] *
                                        dev->exp.aer_log.log_max);

    pci_set_long(dev->w1cmask + offset + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_STATUS,
                 PCI_ERR_UNC_SUPPORTED);

    pci_set_long(dev->config + offset + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_SEVER,
                 PCI_ERR_UNC_SEVERITY_DEFAULT);
    pci_set_long(dev->wmask + offset + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_SEVER,
                 PCI_ERR_UNC_SUPPORTED);

    pci_long_test_and_set_mask(dev->w1cmask + offset + PCI_ERR_COR_STATUS,
                               PCI_ERR_COR_STATUS);

    pci_set_long(dev->config + offset + PCI_ERR_COR_MASK,
                 PCI_ERR_COR_MASK_DEFAULT);
    pci_set_long(dev->wmask + offset + PCI_ERR_COR_MASK,
                 PCI_ERR_COR_SUPPORTED);

    /* capabilities and control. multiple header logging is supported */
    if (dev->exp.aer_log.log_max > 0) {
        pci_set_long(dev->config + offset + PCI_ERR_CAP,
                     PCI_ERR_CAP_ECRC_GENC | PCI_ERR_CAP_ECRC_CHKC |
                     PCI_ERR_CAP_MHRC);
        pci_set_long(dev->wmask + offset + PCI_ERR_CAP,
                     PCI_ERR_CAP_ECRC_GENE | PCI_ERR_CAP_ECRC_CHKE |
                     PCI_ERR_CAP_MHRE);
    } else {
        pci_set_long(dev->config + offset + PCI_ERR_CAP,
                     PCI_ERR_CAP_ECRC_GENC | PCI_ERR_CAP_ECRC_CHKC);
        pci_set_long(dev->wmask + offset + PCI_ERR_CAP,
                     PCI_ERR_CAP_ECRC_GENE | PCI_ERR_CAP_ECRC_CHKE);
    }

    switch (pcie_cap_get_type(dev)) {
    case PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT:
        /* this case will be set by pcie_aer_root_init() */
        /* fallthrough */
    case PCI_EXP_TYPE_DOWNSTREAM:
    case PCI_EXP_TYPE_UPSTREAM:
        pci_word_test_and_set_mask(dev->wmask + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
                                   PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SERR);
        pci_long_test_and_set_mask(dev->w1cmask + PCI_STATUS,
                                   PCI_SEC_STATUS_RCV_SYSTEM_ERROR);
        break;
    default:
        /* nothing */
        break;
    }
    return 0;
}

void pcie_aer_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
{
    qemu_free(dev->exp.aer_log.log);
}

static void pcie_aer_update_uncor_status(PCIDevice *dev)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;
    PCIEAERLog *aer_log = &dev->exp.aer_log;

    uint16_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < aer_log->log_num; i++) {
        pci_long_test_and_set_mask(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_STATUS,
                                   dev->exp.aer_log.log[i].status);
    }
}

/*
 * return value:
 * true: error message needs to be sent up
 * false: error message is masked
 *
 * 6.2.6 Error Message Control
 * Figure 6-3
 * all pci express devices part
 */
static bool
pcie_aer_msg_alldev(PCIDevice *dev, const PCIEAERMsg *msg)
{
    if (!(pcie_aer_msg_is_uncor(msg) &&
          (pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND) & PCI_COMMAND_SERR))) {
        return false;
    }

    /* Signaled System Error
     *
     * 7.5.1.1 Command register
     * Bit 8 SERR# Enable
     *
     * When Set, this bit enables reporting of Non-fatal and Fatal
     * errors detected by the Function to the Root Complex. Note that
     * errors are reported if enabled either through this bit or through
     * the PCI Express specific bits in the Device Control register (see
     * Section 7.8.4).
     */
    pci_word_test_and_set_mask(dev->config + PCI_STATUS,
                               PCI_STATUS_SIG_SYSTEM_ERROR);

    if (!(msg->severity &
          pci_get_word(dev->config + dev->exp.exp_cap + PCI_EXP_DEVCTL))) {
        return false;
    }

    /* send up error message */
    return true;
}

/* Get parent port to send up error message on.
 * TODO: clean up and open-code this logic */
static PCIDevice *pcie_aer_parent_port(PCIDevice *dev)
{
    PCIDevice *parent_port;
    if (pci_is_express(dev) &&
        pcie_cap_get_type(dev) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT) {
        /* Root port can notify system itself,
           or send the error message to root complex event collector. */
        /*
         * if root port is associated with an event collector,
         * return the root complex event collector here.
         * For now root complex event collector isn't supported.
         */
        parent_port = NULL;
    } else {
        parent_port = pci_bridge_get_device(dev->bus);
    }
    if (parent_port) {
        if (!pci_is_express(parent_port)) {
            /* just ignore it */
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    return parent_port;
}

/*
 * return value:
 * true: error message is sent up
 * false: error message is masked
 *
 * 6.2.6 Error Message Control
 * Figure 6-3
 * virtual pci bridge part
 */
static bool pcie_aer_msg_vbridge(PCIDevice *dev, const PCIEAERMsg *msg)
{
    uint16_t bridge_control = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL);

    if (pcie_aer_msg_is_uncor(msg)) {
        /* Received System Error */
        pci_word_test_and_set_mask(dev->config + PCI_SEC_STATUS,
                                   PCI_SEC_STATUS_RCV_SYSTEM_ERROR);
    }

    if (!(bridge_control & PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SERR)) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

void pcie_aer_root_set_vector(PCIDevice *dev, unsigned int vector)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;
    assert(vector < PCI_ERR_ROOT_IRQ_MAX);
    pci_long_test_and_clear_mask(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_STATUS,
                                 PCI_ERR_ROOT_IRQ);
    pci_long_test_and_set_mask(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_STATUS,
                               vector << PCI_ERR_ROOT_IRQ_SHIFT);
}

static unsigned int pcie_aer_root_get_vector(PCIDevice *dev)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;
    uint32_t root_status = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_STATUS);
    return (root_status & PCI_ERR_ROOT_IRQ) >> PCI_ERR_ROOT_IRQ_SHIFT;
}

/*
 * return value:
 * true: error message is sent up
 * false: error message is masked
 *
 * 6.2.6 Error Message Control
 * Figure 6-3
 * root port part
 */
static bool pcie_aer_msg_root_port(PCIDevice *dev, const PCIEAERMsg *msg)
{
    bool msg_sent;
    uint16_t cmd;
    uint8_t *aer_cap;
    uint32_t root_cmd;
    uint32_t root_status;
    bool msi_trigger;

    msg_sent = false;
    cmd = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
    aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;
    root_cmd = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_COMMAND);
    root_status = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_STATUS);
    msi_trigger = false;

    if (cmd & PCI_COMMAND_SERR) {
        /* System Error.
         *
         * The way to report System Error is platform specific and
         * it isn't implemented in qemu right now.
         * So just discard the error for now.
         * OS which cares of aer would receive errors via
         * native aer mechanims, so this wouldn't matter.
         */
    }

    /* Errro Message Received: Root Error Status register */
    switch (msg->severity) {
    case PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_COR_EN:
        if (root_status & PCI_ERR_ROOT_COR_RCV) {
            root_status |= PCI_ERR_ROOT_MULTI_COR_RCV;
        } else {
            if (root_cmd & PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_COR_EN) {
                msi_trigger = true;
            }
            pci_set_word(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_COR_SRC, msg->source_id);
        }
        root_status |= PCI_ERR_ROOT_COR_RCV;
        break;
    case PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_NONFATAL_EN:
        if (!(root_status & PCI_ERR_ROOT_NONFATAL_RCV) &&
            root_cmd & PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_NONFATAL_EN) {
            msi_trigger = true;
        }
        root_status |= PCI_ERR_ROOT_NONFATAL_RCV;
        break;
    case PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_FATAL_EN:
        if (!(root_status & PCI_ERR_ROOT_FATAL_RCV) &&
            root_cmd & PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_FATAL_EN) {
            msi_trigger = true;
        }
        if (!(root_status & PCI_ERR_ROOT_UNCOR_RCV)) {
            root_status |= PCI_ERR_ROOT_FIRST_FATAL;
        }
        root_status |= PCI_ERR_ROOT_FATAL_RCV;
        break;
    default:
        abort();
        break;
    }
    if (pcie_aer_msg_is_uncor(msg)) {
        if (root_status & PCI_ERR_ROOT_UNCOR_RCV) {
            root_status |= PCI_ERR_ROOT_MULTI_UNCOR_RCV;
        } else {
            pci_set_word(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_SRC, msg->source_id);
        }
        root_status |= PCI_ERR_ROOT_UNCOR_RCV;
    }
    pci_set_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_STATUS, root_status);

    if (root_cmd & msg->severity) {
        /* 6.2.4.1.2 Interrupt Generation */
        if (pci_msi_enabled(dev)) {
            if (msi_trigger) {
                pci_msi_notify(dev, pcie_aer_root_get_vector(dev));
            }
        } else {
            qemu_set_irq(dev->irq[dev->exp.aer_intx], 1);
        }
        msg_sent = true;
    }
    return msg_sent;
}

/*
 * 6.2.6 Error Message Control Figure 6-3
 *
 * Returns true in case the error needs to
 * be propagated up.
 * TODO: open-code.
 */
static bool pcie_send_aer_msg(PCIDevice *dev, const PCIEAERMsg *msg)
{
    uint8_t type;
    bool msg_sent;

    assert(pci_is_express(dev));

    type = pcie_cap_get_type(dev);
    if (type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT ||
        type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_UPSTREAM ||
        type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_DOWNSTREAM) {
        msg_sent = pcie_aer_msg_vbridge(dev, msg);
        if (!msg_sent) {
            return;
        }
    }
    msg_sent = pcie_aer_msg_alldev(dev, msg);
    if (type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT && msg_sent) {
        pcie_aer_msg_root_port(dev, msg);
    }
    return msg_sent;
}

static void pcie_aer_msg(PCIDevice *dev, const PCIEAERMsg *msg)
{
    bool send_to_parent;
    while (dev) {
        if (!pcie_send_aer_msg(dev, msg)) {
            return;
        }
        dev =  pcie_aer_parent_port(dev);
    }
}

static void pcie_aer_update_log(PCIDevice *dev, const PCIEAERErr *err)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;
    uint8_t first_bit = ffsl(err->status) - 1;
    uint32_t errcap = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_CAP);
    int i;

    assert(err->status);
    assert(err->status & (err->status - 1));

    errcap &= ~(PCI_ERR_CAP_FEP_MASK | PCI_ERR_CAP_TLP);
    errcap |= PCI_ERR_CAP_FEP(first_bit);

    if (err->flags & PCIE_AER_ERR_HEADER_VALID) {
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(err->header); ++i) {
            /* 7.10.8 Header Log Register */
            uint8_t *header_log =
                aer_cap + PCI_ERR_HEADER_LOG + i * sizeof err->header[0];
            cpu_to_be32wu((uint32_t*)header_log, err->header[i]);
        }
    } else {
        assert(!(err->flags & PCIE_AER_ERR_TLP_PREFIX_PRESENT));
        memset(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_HEADER_LOG, 0, PCI_ERR_HEADER_LOG_SIZE);
    }

    if ((err->flags & PCIE_AER_ERR_TLP_PREFIX_PRESENT) &&
        (pci_get_long(dev->config + dev->exp.exp_cap + PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2) &
         PCI_EXP_DEVCAP2_EETLPP)) {
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(err->prefix); ++i) {
            /* 7.10.12 tlp prefix log register */
            uint8_t *prefix_log =
                aer_cap + PCI_ERR_TLP_PREFIX_LOG + i * sizeof err->prefix[0];
            cpu_to_be32wu((uint32_t*)prefix_log, err->prefix[i]);
        }
        errcap |= PCI_ERR_CAP_TLP;
    } else {
        memset(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_TLP_PREFIX_LOG, 0,
               PCI_ERR_TLP_PREFIX_LOG_SIZE);
    }
    pci_set_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_CAP, errcap);
}

static void pcie_aer_clear_log(PCIDevice *dev)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;

    pci_long_test_and_clear_mask(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_CAP,
                                 PCI_ERR_CAP_FEP_MASK | PCI_ERR_CAP_TLP);

    memset(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_HEADER_LOG, 0, PCI_ERR_HEADER_LOG_SIZE);
    memset(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_TLP_PREFIX_LOG, 0, PCI_ERR_TLP_PREFIX_LOG_SIZE);
}

static void pcie_aer_clear_error(PCIDevice *dev)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;
    uint32_t errcap = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_CAP);
    PCIEAERLog *aer_log = &dev->exp.aer_log;
    PCIEAERErr err;

    if (!(errcap & PCI_ERR_CAP_MHRE) || !aer_log->log_num) {
        pcie_aer_clear_log(dev);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * If more errors are queued, set corresponding bits in uncorrectable
     * error status.
     * We emulate uncorrectable error status register as W1CS.
     * So set bit in uncorrectable error status here again for multiple
     * error recording support.
     *
     * 6.2.4.2 Multiple Error Handling(Advanced Error Reporting Capability)
     */
    pcie_aer_update_uncor_status(dev);

    aer_log_del_err(aer_log, &err);
    pcie_aer_update_log(dev, &err);
}

static int pcie_aer_record_error(PCIDevice *dev,
                                 const PCIEAERErr *err)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;
    uint32_t errcap = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_CAP);
    int fep = PCI_ERR_CAP_FEP(errcap);

    assert(err->status);
    assert(err->status & (err->status - 1));

    if (errcap & PCI_ERR_CAP_MHRE &&
        (pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_STATUS) & (1U << fep))) {
        /*  Not first error. queue error */
        if (aer_log_add_err(&dev->exp.aer_log, err) < 0) {
            /* overflow */
            return -1;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    pcie_aer_update_log(dev, err);
    return 0;
}

typedef struct PCIEAERInject {
    PCIDevice *dev;
    uint8_t *aer_cap;
    const PCIEAERErr *err;
    uint16_t devctl;
    uint16_t devsta;
    uint32_t error_status;
    bool unsupported_request;
    bool log_overflow;
    PCIEAERMsg msg;
} PCIEAERInject;

static bool pcie_aer_inject_cor_error(PCIEAERInject *inj,
                                      uint32_t uncor_status,
                                      bool is_advisory_nonfatal)
{
    PCIDevice *dev = inj->dev;

    inj->devsta |= PCI_EXP_DEVSTA_CED;
    if (inj->unsupported_request) {
        inj->devsta |= PCI_EXP_DEVSTA_URD;
    }
    pci_set_word(dev->config + dev->exp.exp_cap + PCI_EXP_DEVSTA, inj->devsta);

    if (inj->aer_cap) {
        uint32_t mask;
        pci_long_test_and_set_mask(inj->aer_cap + PCI_ERR_COR_STATUS,
                                   inj->error_status);
        mask = pci_get_long(inj->aer_cap + PCI_ERR_COR_MASK);
        if (mask & inj->error_status) {
            return false;
        }
        if (is_advisory_nonfatal) {
            uint32_t uncor_mask =
                pci_get_long(inj->aer_cap + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_MASK);
            if (!(uncor_mask & uncor_status)) {
                inj->log_overflow = !!pcie_aer_record_error(dev, inj->err);
            }
            pci_long_test_and_set_mask(inj->aer_cap + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_STATUS,
                                       uncor_status);
        }
    }

    if (inj->unsupported_request && !(inj->devctl & PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_URRE)) {
        return false;
    }
    if (!(inj->devctl & PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_CERE)) {
        return false;
    }

    inj->msg.severity = PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_COR_EN;
    return true;
}

static bool pcie_aer_inject_uncor_error(PCIEAERInject *inj, bool is_fatal)
{
    PCIDevice *dev = inj->dev;
    uint16_t cmd;

    if (is_fatal) {
        inj->devsta |= PCI_EXP_DEVSTA_FED;
    } else {
        inj->devsta |= PCI_EXP_DEVSTA_NFED;
    }
    if (inj->unsupported_request) {
        inj->devsta |= PCI_EXP_DEVSTA_URD;
    }
    pci_set_long(dev->config + dev->exp.exp_cap + PCI_EXP_DEVSTA, inj->devsta);

    if (inj->aer_cap) {
        uint32_t mask = pci_get_long(inj->aer_cap + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_MASK);
        if (mask & inj->error_status) {
            pci_long_test_and_set_mask(inj->aer_cap + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_STATUS,
                                       inj->error_status);
            return false;
        }

        inj->log_overflow = !!pcie_aer_record_error(dev, inj->err);
        pci_long_test_and_set_mask(inj->aer_cap + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_STATUS,
                                   inj->error_status);
    }

    cmd = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
    if (inj->unsupported_request &&
        !(inj->devctl & PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_URRE) && !(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_SERR)) {
        return false;
    }
    if (is_fatal) {
        if (!((cmd & PCI_COMMAND_SERR) ||
              (inj->devctl & PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_FERE))) {
            return false;
        }
        inj->msg.severity = PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_FATAL_EN;
    } else {
        if (!((cmd & PCI_COMMAND_SERR) ||
              (inj->devctl & PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_NFERE))) {
            return false;
        }
        inj->msg.severity = PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_NONFATAL_EN;
    }
    return true;
}

/*
 * non-Function specific error must be recorded in all functions.
 * It is the responsibility of the caller of this function.
 * It is also caller's responsiblity to determine which function should
 * report the rerror.
 *
 * 6.2.4 Error Logging
 * 6.2.5 Sqeunce of Device Error Signaling and Logging Operations
 * table 6-2: Flowchard Showing Sequence of Device Error Signaling and Logging
 *            Operations
 */
int pcie_aer_inject_error(PCIDevice *dev, const PCIEAERErr *err)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = NULL;
    uint16_t devctl = 0;
    uint16_t devsta = 0;
    uint32_t error_status = err->status;
    PCIEAERInject inj;

    if (!pci_is_express(dev)) {
        return -ENOSYS;
    }

    if (err->flags & PCIE_AER_ERR_IS_CORRECTABLE) {
        error_status &= PCI_ERR_COR_SUPPORTED;
    } else {
        error_status &= PCI_ERR_UNC_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* invalid status bit. one and only one bit must be set */
    if (!error_status || (error_status & (error_status - 1))) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    if (dev->exp.aer_cap) {
        uint8_t *exp_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.exp_cap;
        aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;
        devctl = pci_get_long(exp_cap + PCI_EXP_DEVCTL);
        devsta = pci_get_long(exp_cap + PCI_EXP_DEVSTA);
    }

    inj.dev = dev;
    inj.aer_cap = aer_cap;
    inj.err = err;
    inj.devctl = devctl;
    inj.devsta = devsta;
    inj.error_status = error_status;
    inj.unsupported_request = !(err->flags & PCIE_AER_ERR_IS_CORRECTABLE) &&
        err->status == PCI_ERR_UNC_UNSUP;
    inj.log_overflow = false;

    if (err->flags & PCIE_AER_ERR_IS_CORRECTABLE) {
        if (!pcie_aer_inject_cor_error(&inj, 0, false)) {
            return 0;
        }
    } else {
        bool is_fatal =
            pcie_aer_uncor_default_severity(error_status) ==
            PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_FATAL_EN;
        if (aer_cap) {
            is_fatal =
                error_status & pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_SEVER);
        }
        if (!is_fatal && (err->flags & PCIE_AER_ERR_MAYBE_ADVISORY)) {
            inj.error_status = PCI_ERR_COR_ADV_NONFATAL;
            if (!pcie_aer_inject_cor_error(&inj, error_status, true)) {
                return 0;
            }
        } else {
            if (!pcie_aer_inject_uncor_error(&inj, is_fatal)) {
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }

    /* send up error message */
    inj.msg.source_id = err->source_id;
    pcie_aer_msg(dev, &inj.msg);

    if (inj.log_overflow) {
        PCIEAERErr header_log_overflow = {
            .status = PCI_ERR_COR_HL_OVERFLOW,
            .flags = PCIE_AER_ERR_IS_CORRECTABLE,
        };
        int ret = pcie_aer_inject_error(dev, &header_log_overflow);
        assert(!ret);
    }
    return 0;
}

void pcie_aer_write_config(PCIDevice *dev,
                           uint32_t addr, uint32_t val, int len)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;
    uint32_t errcap = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_CAP);
    uint32_t first_error = 1U << PCI_ERR_CAP_FEP(errcap);
    uint32_t uncorsta = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_UNCOR_STATUS);

    /* uncorrectable error */
    if (!(uncorsta & first_error)) {
        /* the bit that corresponds to the first error is cleared */
        pcie_aer_clear_error(dev);
    } else if (errcap & PCI_ERR_CAP_MHRE) {
        /* When PCI_ERR_CAP_MHRE is enabled and the first error isn't cleared
         * nothing should happen. So we have to revert the modification to
         * the register.
         */
        pcie_aer_update_uncor_status(dev);
    } else {
        /* capability & control
         * PCI_ERR_CAP_MHRE might be cleared, so clear of header log.
         */
        aer_log_clear_all_err(&dev->exp.aer_log);
    }
}

void pcie_aer_root_init(PCIDevice *dev)
{
    uint16_t pos = dev->exp.aer_cap;

    pci_set_long(dev->wmask + pos + PCI_ERR_ROOT_COMMAND,
                 PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_EN_MASK);
    pci_set_long(dev->w1cmask + pos + PCI_ERR_ROOT_STATUS,
                 PCI_ERR_ROOT_STATUS_REPORT_MASK);
}

void pcie_aer_root_reset(PCIDevice *dev)
{
    uint8_t* aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;

    pci_set_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_COMMAND, 0);

    /*
     * Advanced Error Interrupt Message Number in Root Error Status Register
     * must be updated by chip dependent code because it's chip dependent
     * which number is used.
     */
}

static bool pcie_aer_root_does_trigger(uint32_t cmd, uint32_t status)
{
    return
        ((cmd & PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_COR_EN) && (status & PCI_ERR_ROOT_COR_RCV)) ||
        ((cmd & PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_NONFATAL_EN) &&
         (status & PCI_ERR_ROOT_NONFATAL_RCV)) ||
        ((cmd & PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_FATAL_EN) &&
         (status & PCI_ERR_ROOT_FATAL_RCV));
}

void pcie_aer_root_write_config(PCIDevice *dev,
                                uint32_t addr, uint32_t val, int len,
                                uint32_t root_cmd_prev)
{
    uint8_t *aer_cap = dev->config + dev->exp.aer_cap;

    /* root command register */
    uint32_t root_cmd = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_COMMAND);
    if (root_cmd & PCI_ERR_ROOT_CMD_EN_MASK) {
        /* 6.2.4.1.2 Interrupt Generation */

        /* 0 -> 1 */
        uint32_t root_cmd_set = (root_cmd_prev ^ root_cmd) & root_cmd;
        uint32_t root_status = pci_get_long(aer_cap + PCI_ERR_ROOT_STATUS);

        if (pci_msi_enabled(dev)) {
            if (pcie_aer_root_does_trigger(root_cmd_set, root_status)) {
                pci_msi_notify(dev, pcie_aer_root_get_vector(dev));
            }
        } else {
            int int_level = pcie_aer_root_does_trigger(root_cmd, root_status);
            qemu_set_irq(dev->irq[dev->exp.aer_intx], int_level);
        }
    }
}

static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pcie_aer_err = {
    .name = "PCIE_AER_ERROR",
    .version_id = 1,
    .minimum_version_id = 1,
    .minimum_version_id_old = 1,
    .fields     = (VMStateField[]) {
        VMSTATE_UINT32(status, PCIEAERErr),
        VMSTATE_UINT16(source_id, PCIEAERErr),
        VMSTATE_UINT16(flags, PCIEAERErr),
        VMSTATE_UINT32_ARRAY(header, PCIEAERErr, 4),
        VMSTATE_UINT32_ARRAY(prefix, PCIEAERErr, 4),
        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
    }
};

#define VMSTATE_PCIE_AER_ERRS(_field, _state, _field_num, _vmsd, _type) { \
    .name       = (stringify(_field)),                                    \
    .version_id = 0,                                                      \
    .num_offset = vmstate_offset_value(_state, _field_num, uint16_t),     \
    .size       = sizeof(_type),                                          \
    .vmsd       = &(_vmsd),                                               \
    .flags      = VMS_POINTER | VMS_VARRAY_UINT16 | VMS_STRUCT,           \
    .offset     = vmstate_offset_pointer(_state, _field, _type),          \
}

const VMStateDescription vmstate_pcie_aer_log = {
    .name = "PCIE_AER_ERROR_LOG",
    .version_id = 1,
    .minimum_version_id = 1,
    .minimum_version_id_old = 1,
    .fields     = (VMStateField[]) {
        VMSTATE_UINT16(log_num, PCIEAERLog),
        VMSTATE_UINT16(log_max, PCIEAERLog),
        VMSTATE_PCIE_AER_ERRS(log, PCIEAERLog, log_num,
                              vmstate_pcie_aer_err, PCIEAERErr),
        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
    }
};