This backend raise some concerns:
- doesn't support symlinks
- fails +100 tests in the PJD POSIX file system test suite [1]
- requires the QEMU process to run with the CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
capability, which isn't recommended for security reasons
This backend should not be used and wil be removed. The 'local'
backend is the recommended alternative.
[1] https://www.tuxera.com/community/posix-test-suite/
Signed-off-by: Greg Kurz <groug@kaod.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Looks like we forgot to announce the deprecation of these options in
the corresponding chapter of the qemu-doc text, so let's do that now.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
It's been marked as deprecated since QEMU v2.10.0, and so far nobody
complained that we should keep it, so let's remove this legacy option
now to simplify the code quite a bit.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
It's not working anymore since QEMU v1.3.0 - time to remove it now.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The information how to update the deprecated parameters was too scarce,
so that some people did not update to the new syntax yet. Provide some
more information to make sure that it is clear how to update from the
old syntax to the new one.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
It has never been documented, so hardly anybody knows about this
parameter, and it is marked as deprecated since QEMU v2.6.
Time to let it go now.
Reviewed-by: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
It's only printing a warning since QEMU v1.3.0, so nobody should use
this anymore today. Let's get rid of this now.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1513619065-31722-1-git-send-email-thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Commit 0f5314a (v1.0) added section "Device URL Syntax" to
qemu-options.hx. It's enclosed in STEXI..ETEXI, thus affects only
qemu-options.texi, not --help. It appears as a subsection under
section "Invocation". Similarly, qemu.1 has it as a subsection under
"OPTIONS".
Commit f9dadc9 (v1.1.0) dropped new option -iscsi into the middle of
this section. No effect on qemu-options.texi. It appears in --help
run together with the "Bluetooth(R) options:" header.
Commit c70a01e (v1.5.0) gives it is own heading in --help by moving
commit 0f5314a's DEFHEADING(Device URL Syntax:) outside STEXI..ETEXI.
Trouble is the heading makes no sense for -iscsi.
Move all of the "Device URL Syntax" Texinfo to qemu-doc.texi. Mark it
for inclusion in qemu.1 with '@c man begin NOTES'. This turns it into
a separate section outside the list of options both in qemu-doc and in
qemu.1.
There's substantial overlap with the existing qemu-doc section "Disk
Images". Mark with a TODO comment.
Output of --help will be fixed next.
Cc: Ronnie Sahlberg <ronniesahlberg@gmail.com>
Cc: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Cc: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Cc: qemu-block@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20171002140307.5292-4-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ronnie Sahlberg <ronniesahlberg@gmail.com>
[Unwanted @node dropped]
With the cssids unrestricted (commit "s390x/css: unrestrict cssids") the
s390-squash-mcss machine property should not be used. Actually Libvirt
never supported this, so the expectation is that removing it should be
pretty painless. But let's play nice and deprecate it first.
Signed-off-by: Halil Pasic <pasic@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Message-Id: <20171206144438.28908-3-pasic@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
It's easy to use device_add and device_del as replacement instead.
The usb_add and usb_del commands are deprecated since QEMU 2.10,
and nobody complained that they are still needed, so let's get rid
of them now to make the HMP interface a little bit less overloaded.
Reviewed-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1512073140-17672-1-git-send-email-thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
This documents the image locking feature and explains when and how
related options can be used.
Signed-off-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
qemu.org enabled HTTPS in 2017 and it should be used instead of HTTP.
There are also URLs to json.org, openvpn.net, and other domains that
support HTTPS.
This patch updates the qemu.org domains everywhere and also third-party
domains that I have checked.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20171121120435.28728-3-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
The EP108 was an early access development board that is no longer used.
Add an info message to convert any users to the ZCU102 instead. On QEMU
they are both identical.
This patch also updated the qemu-doc.texi file to indicate that the
EP108 has been deprecated.
Signed-off-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@xilinx.com>
Reviewed-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Message-id: 1510343626-25861-4-git-send-email-cota@braap.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Remove trailing whitespace in qemu-doc.texi, as it causes
reproducibility issues depending on the echo implementation
used by the Makefile.
Reported-By: Vagrant Cascadian <vagrant@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Since 2012 (commit ba6212d8 "Eliminate cpus-x86_64.conf file") we
have no default config files that would be disabled using
-nodefconfig. Update documentation and document -nodefconfig as
deprecated.
Cc: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20171004030025.7866-3-ehabkost@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Block driver documentation is available in qemu-doc.html. It would be
convenient to have documentation for formats, protocols, and filter
drivers in a man page.
Extract the relevant part of qemu-doc.html into a new file called
docs/qemu-block-drivers.texi. This file can also be built as a
stand-alone document (man, html, etc).
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Version: GnuPG v1
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Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/jasowang/tags/net-pull-request' into staging
# gpg: Signature made Mon 14 Aug 2017 13:32:10 BST
# gpg: using RSA key 0xEF04965B398D6211
# gpg: Good signature from "Jason Wang (Jason Wang on RedHat) <jasowang@redhat.com>"
# gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with sufficiently trusted signatures!
# gpg: It is not certain that the signature belongs to the owner.
# Primary key fingerprint: 215D 46F4 8246 689E C77F 3562 EF04 965B 398D 6211
* remotes/jasowang/tags/net-pull-request:
qemu-doc: Mention host_net_add/-remove in the deprecation chapter
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
The two HMP commands host_net_add and -remove have recently been
marked as deprecated, too, so we should now mention them in the
chapter of deprecated features.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
While Andrew S. Tanenbaum has a point by saying "Never underestimate the
bandwidth of a station wagon full of tapes hurtling down the highway",
we don't support that way of transportation in QEMU yet, so replace the
typo with the correct word "vlan".
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1502365466-19432-1-git-send-email-thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
The deprecation of features in QEMU is totally adhoc currently,
with no way for the user to get a list of what is deprecated
in each release. This adds an appendix to the doc that records
when each deprecation was made and provides text explaining
what to use instead, if anything.
Since there has been no formal policy around removal of deprecated
features in the past, any deprecations prior to 2.10.0 are to be
treated as if they had been made at the 2.10.0 release. Thus the
earliest that existing deprecations will be deleted is the start
of the 2.12.0 cycle.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20170725113638.7019-1-berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Expand the image format docs to cover the new options for
the qcow, qcow2 and luks disk image formats
Reviewed-by: Alberto Garcia <berto@igalia.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20170623162419.26068-21-berrange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Since commit 3f2ce724f1 ("Move the qemu-ga description into a
separate chapter"), the qemu.1 man page looks pretty much screwed
up, e.g. the title was "qemu-ga - QEMU Guest Agent" instead of
"qemu-doc - QEMU Emulator User Documentation". However, that movement
of the gemu-ga chapter is not the real problem, it just triggered
another bug in the qemu-doc.texi: There are some parts in the file
which introduce a "@c man begin OPTIONS" section, but never close
it again with "@c man end". After adding the proper end tags here,
the title of the man page is right again and the previously wrongly
tagged sections now also show up correctly in the man page, too.
Reported-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1497863771-24929-1-git-send-email-thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Add a link to the GPLv2 and a link to the LICENSE file in the
QEMU repository to fix the two TODO items in this appendix.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
The qemu-ga description is currently a subsection of the Disk Images
chapter - which does not make much sense since the qemu-ga is not
directly related to disk images. So let's move this information
into a separate chapter instead.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
The preferred way of adding USB devices is via "-device" and
"device_add" nowadays, so let's start to get rid of "-usbdevice"
and "usb_add" in the documentation. While we're at it, also
add the new USB devices there which have been added to QEMU
during the last years, and get rid of the old "vendorid" and
"productid" parameters of "-usbdevice serial" which have been
removed in QEMU version 0.14.0 already.
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1494256429-31720-1-git-send-email-thuth@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
There are some broken URLs in the qemu-doc which reference tools that
are not available at their original location anymore. Fortunately, they
have been mirrored to archive.org, so point to that location instead.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
RFC 6331 documents a number of serious security weaknesses in
the SASL DIGEST-MD5 mechanism. As such, QEMU should not be
using or recommending it as a default mechanism for VNC auth
with SASL.
GSSAPI (Kerberos) is the only other viable SASL mechanism that
can provide secure session encryption so enable that by defalt
as the replacement. If users have TLS enabled for VNC, they can
optionally decide to use SCRAM-SHA-1 instead of GSSAPI, allowing
plain username and password auth.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Add remaining bits of the Altera NiosII R1 support into qemu, which
is documentation, MAINTAINERS file entry, configure bits, arch_init
and configuration files for both linux-user (userland binaries) and
softmmu (hardware emulation).
Signed-off-by: Marek Vasut <marex@denx.de>
Cc: Chris Wulff <crwulff@gmail.com>
Cc: Jeff Da Silva <jdasilva@altera.com>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
Cc: Sandra Loosemore <sandra@codesourcery.com>
Cc: Yves Vandervennet <yvanderv@altera.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Message-Id: <20170118220146.489-8-marex@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Remove the Niagara stub implementation from sun4u.c and add a machine,
compatible with Legion simulator from the OpenSPARC T1 project.
The machine uses the firmware supplied with the OpenSPARC T1 project,
http://download.oracle.com/technetwork/systems/opensparc/OpenSPARCT1_Arch.1.5.tar.bz2
in the directory S10image/, and is able to boot the supplied Solaris 10 image.
Note that for compatibility with the naming conventions for SPARC machines
the new machine name is lowercase niagara.
Signed-off-by: Artyom Tarasenko <atar4qemu@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Document:
1. The new debug and logfile options with their usages
2. New json format and its usage and
3. update "GlusterFS, Device URL Syntax" section in "Invocation"
Signed-off-by: Prasanna Kumar Kalever <prasanna.kalever@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
Merge what is left of qemu-tech into the main manual as an appendix.
Ultimately we should have a new internals manual built from docs/, and
then the "Translator Internals" parts of qemu-tech could move to docs/
as well. The bits on limitation and features of CPU emulation should
remain in qemu-doc.
Reviewed-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
These are interesting for users too, since nowadays most
qemu-user users are going to be somewhat technical rather than
just people that want to run Wine. Some detail is lost, on
the other hand some of the information I removed (e.g. basic
block unchaining) was obsolete.
Reviewed-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
These are in README or obsolete, and the detailed version can be on a
website instead.
Reviewed-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
The user manual has an obsolete introduction, and the one in
the internals manual lists QEMU's features quite nicely.
Drop the obsolete content and remove generic user-level
documentation from qemu-tech.
Reviewed-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Vmdk images have metadata to indicate the vmware virtual
hardware version image was created/tested to run with.
Allow users to specify that version via new 'hwversion'
option.
[ kwolf: Adjust qemu-iotests common.filter ]
Signed-off-by: Janne Karhunen <Janne.Karhunen@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Migration with ivshmem needs to be carefully orchestrated to work.
Exactly one peer (the "master") migrates to the destination, all other
peers need to unplug (and disconnect), migrate, plug back (and
reconnect). This is sort of documented in qemu-doc.
If peers connect on the destination before migration completes, the
shared memory can get messed up. This isn't documented anywhere. Fix
that in qemu-doc.
To avoid messing up register IVPosition on migration, the server must
assign the same ID on source and destination. ivshmem-spec.txt leaves
ID assignment unspecified, however.
Amend ivshmem-spec.txt to require the first client to receive ID zero.
The example ivshmem-server complies: it always assigns the first
unused ID.
For a bit of additional safety, enforce ID zero for the master. This
does nothing when we're not using a server, because the ID is zero for
all peers then.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1458066895-20632-40-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com>
ivshmem can be configured with and without interrupt capability
(a.k.a. "doorbell"). The two configurations have largely disjoint
options, which makes for a confusing (and badly checked) user
interface. Moreover, the device can't tell the guest whether its
doorbell is enabled.
Create two new device models ivshmem-plain and ivshmem-doorbell, and
deprecate the old one.
Changes from ivshmem:
* PCI revision is 1 instead of 0. The new revision is fully backwards
compatible for guests. Guests may elect to require at least
revision 1 to make sure they're not exposed to the funny "no shared
memory, yet" state.
* Property "role" replaced by "master". role=master becomes
master=on, role=peer becomes master=off. Default is off instead of
auto.
* Property "use64" is gone. The new devices always have 64 bit BARs.
Changes from ivshmem to ivshmem-plain:
* The Interrupt Pin register in PCI config space is zero (does not use
an interrupt pin) instead of one (uses INTA).
* Property "x-memdev" is renamed to "memdev".
* Properties "shm" and "size" are gone. Use property "memdev"
instead.
* Property "msi" is gone. The new device can't have MSI-X capability.
It can't interrupt anyway.
* Properties "ioeventfd" and "vectors" are gone. They're meaningless
without interrupts anyway.
Changes from ivshmem to ivshmem-doorbell:
* Property "msi" is gone. The new device always has MSI-X capability.
* Property "ioeventfd" defaults to on instead of off.
* Property "size" is gone. The new device can only map all the shared
memory received from the server.
Guests can easily find out whether the device is configured for
interrupts by checking for MSI-X capability.
Note: some code added in sub-optimal places to make the diff easier to
review. The next commit will move it to more sensible places.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1458066895-20632-37-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com>
This kills off the funny state described in the previous commit.
Simplify ivshmem_io_read() accordingly, and update documentation.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1458066895-20632-27-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Option parameter "share" is missing. Without it, you get a *private*
mmap(), which defeats ivshmem's purpose pretty thoroughly ;)
While there, switch to the conventional mountpoint of hugetlbfs
/dev/hugepages.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1458066895-20632-5-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com>
The current documentation of chardev mux=on is rather brief and opaque;
expand it to hopefully be a bit more helpful.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <1455643738-6068-1-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Libtool support was needed to build shared library for libcacard.
Now there's no need to use libtool, and since the build system is
already complicated enough, we have a way to slightly de-complicate
it.
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kurz <gkurz@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Since -smb and -redir are deprecated options, we should not
use them as examples in the documentation anymore.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Add the basic IPMI types and infrastructure to QEMU. Low-level
interfaces and simulation interfaces will register with this; it's
kind of the go-between to tie them together.
Signed-off-by: Corey Minyard <cminyard@mvista.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
The device's guest interface and its QEMU user interface are
flawed^Whotly debated. We'll resolve that in the next development
cycle, probably by deprecating the device in favour of a cleaned up,
but not quite compatible revision.
To avoid adding more baggage to the soon-to-be-deprecated interface,
mark property "memdev" as experimental, by renaming it to "x-memdev".
It's the only recent user interface change.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1448384789-14830-6-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com>
[Update of qemu-doc.texi squashed in]
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
The example suggests you can omit "shm". This isn't true; you must
specify exactly one of "shm", "chardev", "memdev". Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1448384789-14830-3-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Use @var{foo} like we do everywhere else, not <foo>.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1448384789-14830-2-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
This allows to explicitly specify file name to use with the backend. This
is important when using it together with ivshmem in order to make it backed
by hugetlbfs. By default filename is autogenerated using mkstemp(), and the
file is unlink()ed after creation, effectively making it anonymous. This is
not very useful with ivshmem because it ends up in a memory which cannot be
accessed by something else.
Distinction between directory and file name is done by stat() check. If an
existing directory is given, the code keeps old behavior. Otherwise it
creates or opens a file with the given pathname.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Fedin <p.fedin@samsung.com>
Tested-by: Igor Skalkin <i.skalkin@samsung.com>
Message-Id: <004301d11166$9672fe30$c358fa90$@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Document and give some examples of hugepages support with ivshmem device
and server.
Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
When using ivshmem devices, notifications between guests can be sent as
interrupts using a ivshmem-server (typical use described in documentation).
The client is provided as a debug tool.
Signed-off-by: Olivier Matz <olivier.matz@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David Marchand <david.marchand@6wind.com>
[fix a valgrind warning, option and server_close() segvs, extra server
headers includes, getopt() return type, out-of-tree build, use qemu
event_notifier instead of eventfd, fix x86/osx warnings - Marc-André]
Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
It will be easier if you need to add info-commands to edit
only hmp-commands-info.hx, before this had to edit monitor.c and
hmp-commands.hx.
From the build point of view all documentation is saved into
qemu-monitor-info.texi which from now on is used for all user
documentation building.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Butsykin <pbutsykin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org>
CC: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
CC: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <1441899541-1856-5-git-send-email-den@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Many source files have doubled words (eg "the the", "to to",
and so on). Most of these can simply be removed, but a couple
were actual mis-spellings (eg "to to" instead of "to do").
There was even one triple word score "to to to" :-)
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Add a simple man page for the qemu agent.
Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Roth <mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
*squashed in review comments from Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Roth <mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Fix a capitalization error in the OS X build instructions;
this was picked up in review of commit b352153f5f and intended to be
corrected before I applied it, but I accidentally didn't include it.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
qemu-doc.texi: Add information on compiling source code on Mac OS X
Add information to the documentation on how to build QEMU
on Mac OS X.
Signed-off-by: John Arbuckle <programmingkidx@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
[PMM: fixed a minor capitalization error]
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Raise your hand if you have a physical floppy drive in a computer
you've powered on in 2015. Okay, I see we got a few weirdos in the
audience. That's okay, weirdos are welcome here.
Kidding aside, media change detection doesn't fully work, isn't going
to be fixed, and floppy passthrough just isn't earning its keep
anymore.
Deprecate block driver host_floppy now, so we can drop it after a
grace period.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
We've steered users away from QCOW/QCOW2 encryption for a while,
because it's a flawed design (commit 136cd19 Describe flaws in
qcow/qcow2 encryption in the docs).
In addition to flawed crypto, we have comically bad usability, and
plain old bugs. Let me show you.
= Example images =
I'm going to use a raw image as backing file, and two QCOW2 images,
one encrypted, and one not:
$ qemu-img create -f raw backing.img 4m
Formatting 'backing.img', fmt=raw size=4194304
$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o encryption,backing_file=backing.img,backing_fmt=raw geheim.qcow2 4m
Formatting 'geheim.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=4194304 backing_file='backing.img' backing_fmt='raw' encryption=on cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o backing_file=backing.img,backing_fmt=raw normal.qcow2 4m
Formatting 'normal.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=4194304 backing_file='backing.img' backing_fmt='raw' encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
= Usability issues =
== Confusing startup ==
When no image is encrypted, and you don't give -S, QEMU starts the
guest immediately:
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -display none -monitor stdio normal.qcow2
QEMU 2.2.50 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu) info status
VM status: running
But as soon as there's an encrypted image in play, the guest is *not*
started, with no notification whatsoever:
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -display none -monitor stdio geheim.qcow2
QEMU 2.2.50 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu) info status
VM status: paused (prelaunch)
If the user figured out that he needs to type "cont" to enter his
keys, the confusion enters the next level: "cont" asks for at most
*one* key. If more are needed, it then silently does nothing. The
user has to type "cont" once per encrypted image:
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -display none -monitor stdio -drive if=none,file=geheim.qcow2 -drive if=none,file=geheim.qcow2
QEMU 2.2.50 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu) info status
VM status: paused (prelaunch)
(qemu) c
none0 (geheim.qcow2) is encrypted.
Password: ******
(qemu) info status
VM status: paused (prelaunch)
(qemu) c
none1 (geheim.qcow2) is encrypted.
Password: ******
(qemu) info status
VM status: running
== Incorrect passwords not caught ==
All existing encryption schemes give you the GIGO treatment: garbage
password in, garbage data out. Guests usually refuse to mount
garbage, but other usage is prone to data loss.
== Need to stop the guest to add an encrypted image ==
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -display none -monitor stdio
QEMU 2.2.50 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu) info status
VM status: running
(qemu) drive_add "" if=none,file=geheim.qcow2
Guest must be stopped for opening of encrypted image
(qemu) stop
(qemu) drive_add "" if=none,file=geheim.qcow2
OK
Commit c3adb58 added this restriction. Before, we could expose images
lacking an encryption key to guests, with potentially catastrophic
results. See also "Use without key is not always caught".
= Bugs =
== Use without key is not always caught ==
Encrypted images can be in an intermediate state "opened, but no key".
The weird startup behavior and the need to stop the guest are there to
ensure the guest isn't exposed to that state. But other things still
are!
* drive_backup
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -display none -monitor stdio geheim.qcow2
QEMU 2.2.50 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu) drive_backup -f ide0-hd0 out.img raw
Formatting 'out.img', fmt=raw size=4194304
I guess this writes encrypted data to raw image out.img. Good luck
with figuring out how to decrypt that again.
* commit
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -display none -monitor stdio geheim.qcow2
QEMU 2.2.50 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu) commit ide0-hd0
I guess this writes encrypted data into the unencrypted raw backing
image, effectively destroying it.
== QMP device_add of usb-storage fails when it shouldn't ==
When the image is encrypted, device_add creates the device, defers
actually attaching it to when the key becomes available, then fails.
This is wrong. device_add must either create the device and succeed,
or do nothing and fail.
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -display none -usb -qmp stdio -drive if=none,id=foo,file=geheim.qcow2
{"QMP": {"version": {"qemu": {"micro": 50, "minor": 2, "major": 2}, "package": ""}, "capabilities": []}}
{ "execute": "qmp_capabilities" }
{"return": {}}
{ "execute": "device_add", "arguments": { "driver": "usb-storage", "id": "bar", "drive": "foo" } }
{"error": {"class": "DeviceEncrypted", "desc": "'foo' (geheim.qcow2) is encrypted"}}
{"execute":"device_del","arguments": { "id": "bar" } }
{"timestamp": {"seconds": 1426003440, "microseconds": 237181}, "event": "DEVICE_DELETED", "data": {"path": "/machine/peripheral/bar/bar.0/legacy[0]"}}
{"timestamp": {"seconds": 1426003440, "microseconds": 238231}, "event": "DEVICE_DELETED", "data": {"device": "bar", "path": "/machine/peripheral/bar"}}
{"return": {}}
This stuff is worse than useless, it's a trap for users.
If people become sufficiently interested in encrypted images to
contribute a cryptographically sane implementation for QCOW2 (or
whatever other format), then rewriting the necessary support around it
from scratch will likely be easier and yield better results than
fixing up the existing mess.
Let's deprecate the mess now, drop it after a grace period, and move
on.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The VHDX spec specifies that the default new block state is
PAYLOAD_BLOCK_NOT_PRESENT for a dynamic VHDX image, and
PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT for a fixed VHDX image.
However, in order to create space-efficient VHDX images with qemu-img
convert, it is desirable to be able to set has_zero_init to true for
VHDX.
There is currently an option when creating VHDX images, to use block
state ZERO for new blocks. However, this currently defaults to 'off'.
In order to be able to eventually set has_zero_init to true for VHDX,
this needs to default to 'on'.
This patch changes the default to 'on', and provides some help
information to warn against setting it to 'off' when using qemu-img
convert.
[Max Reitz pointed out that a full stop was missing at the end of the
VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_ZERO option help text. I have added it.
--Stefan]
Signed-off-by: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Message-id: 85164899eacc86e150c3ceba793cf93b398dedd7.1418018421.git.jcody@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This patch removes support for the cow file format.
Normally we do not break backwards compatibility but in this case there
is no impact and it is the most logical option. Extraordinary claims
require extraordinary evidence so I will show why removing the cow block
driver is the right thing to do.
The cow file format is the disk image format for Usermode Linux, a way
of running a Linux system in userspace. The performance of UML was
never great and it was hacky, but it enjoyed some popularity before
hardware virtualization support became mainstream.
QEMU's block/cow.c is supposed to read this image file format.
Unfortunately the file format was underspecified:
1. Earlier Linux versions used the MAXPATHLEN constant for the backing
filename field. The value of MAXPATHLEN can change, so Linux
switched to a 4096 literal but QEMU has a 1024 literal.
2. Padding was not used on the header struct (both in the Linux kernel
and in QEMU) so the struct layout varied across architectures. In
particular, i386 and x86_64 were different due to int64_t alignment
differences. Linux now uses __attribute__((packed)), QEMU does not.
Therefore:
1. QEMU cow images do not conform to the Linux cow image file format.
2. cow images cannot be shared between different host architectures.
This means QEMU cow images are useless and QEMU has not had bug reports
from users actually hitting these issues.
Let's get rid of this thing, it serves no purpose and no one will be
affected.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1410877464-20481-1-git-send-email-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
preallocation=falloc allocates disk space by posix_fallocate(),
preallocation=full allocates disk space by writing zeros to disk.
Both modes imply preallocation=metadata.
Signed-off-by: Hu Tao <hutao@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This patch adds a new option preallocation for raw format, and implements
falloc and full preallocation.
Signed-off-by: Hu Tao <hutao@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Since QEMU 0.15, slirp (user mode networking) supports ping to the
Internet, see e6d43cfb1f
Signed-off-by: Gernot Hillier <gernot.hillier@siemens.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Add 'nocow' option so that users could have a chance to set NOCOW flag to
newly created files. It's useful on btrfs file system to enhance performance.
Btrfs has low performance when hosting VM images, even more when the guest
in those VM are also using btrfs as file system. One way to mitigate this bad
performance is to turn off COW attributes on VM files. Generally, there are
two ways to turn off NOCOW on btrfs: a) by mounting fs with nodatacow, then
all newly created files will be NOCOW. b) per file. Add the NOCOW file
attribute. It could only be done to empty or new files.
This patch tries the second way, according to the option, it could add NOCOW
per file.
For most block drivers, since the create file step is in raw-posix.c, so we
can do setting NOCOW flag ioctl in raw-posix.c only.
But there are some exceptions, like block/vpc.c and block/vdi.c, they are
creating file by calling qemu_open directly. For them, do the same setting
NOCOW flag ioctl work in them separately.
[Fixed up 082.out due to the new 'nocow' creation option
--Stefan]
Signed-off-by: Chunyan Liu <cyliu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
English language grammar does not allow usage
of the word "allows" directly followed by an
infinitive, declaring constructs like "something
allows to do somestuff" un-grammatical. Often
it is possible to just insert "one" between "allows"
and "to" to make the construct grammatical, but
usually it is better to re-phrase the statement.
This patch tries to fix 4 examples of "allows to"
usage in qemu doc, but does not address comments
in the code with similar constructs. It also adds
missing "the" in the same line.
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Since 1.7, the default framebuffer settings for PowerPC are 800x600x32.
Signed-off-by: Mark Cave-Ayland <mark.cave-ayland@ilande.co.uk>
CC: qemu-ppc@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
A few minor tidy-ups, plus add reference to the new -vga tcx and cg3 options.
Signed-off-by: Mark Cave-Ayland <mark.cave-ayland@ilande.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
The qemu-img.texi / qemu-doc.texi files currently describe the
qcow2/qcow2 encryption thus
"Encryption uses the AES format which is very secure (128 bit
keys). Use a long password (16 characters) to get maximum
protection."
While AES is indeed a strong encryption system, the way that
QCow/QCow2 use it results in a poor/weak encryption system.
Due to the use of predictable IVs, based on the sector number
extended to 128 bits, it is vulnerable to chosen plaintext
attacks which can reveal the existence of encrypted data.
The direct use of the user passphrase as the encryption key
also leads to an inability to change the passphrase of an
image. If passphrase is ever compromised the image data will
all be vulnerable, since it cannot be re-encrypted. The admin
has to clone the image files with a new passphrase and then
use a program like shred to secure erase all the old files.
Recommend against any use of QCow/QCow2 encryption, directing
users to dm-crypt / LUKS which can meet modern cryptography
best practices.
[Changed "Qcow" to "qcow" for consistency.
--Stefan]
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Commit 9117b47717 ("qcow2: Change default
for new images to compat=1.1") changed the default qcow2 image format
version but forgot to update qemu-doc.texi and qemu-img.texi.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The man page for qemu-img, and the qemu-doc, did not mention VHDX
as a supported format. This adds in reference to VHDX in those
documents.
[Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de> suggested s/Block Size/Block size/ for
consistency. I have made this change.
--Stefan]
Signed-off-by: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Sun4c and Sun4d architectures and related CPUs are not fully implemented
(especially Sun4c MMU) and there has been no interest for them.
Likewise, a few CPUs (Cypress, Ross etc) are only half implemented.
Remove the machines and CPUs, they can be re-added if needed later.
Signed-off-by: Blue Swirl <blauwirbel@gmail.com>
Commit 98af93fde2 removed the
--audio-card-list option in configure, and commit
8f3b664f6c always compiled in
the adlib, gus and cs4231a audio cards.
Signed-off-by: Hervé Poussineau <hpoussin@reactos.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Has been removed in commit fc9c54124d.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@codesourcery.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
libssh2_sftp_fsync is an extension to libssh2 to support fsync(2) over
sftp, which is itself an extension of OpenSSH.
If both libssh2 and the ssh daemon support it, this will allow
bdrv_flush_to_disk to commit changes through to disk on the remote
server.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=ssh://hostname/some/image
QEMU will ssh into 'hostname' and open '/some/image' which is made
available as a standard block device.
You can specify a username (ssh://user@host/...) and/or a port number
(ssh://host:port/...). You can also use an alternate syntax using
properties (file.user, file.host, file.port, file.path).
Current limitations:
- Authentication must be done without passwords or passphrases, using
ssh-agent. Other authentication methods are not supported.
- Uses a single connection, instead of concurrent AIO with multiple
SSH connections.
This is implemented using libssh2 on the client side. The server just
requires a regular ssh daemon with sftp-server support. Most ssh
daemons on Unix/Linux systems will work out of the box.
Signed-off-by: Richard W.M. Jones <rjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@gmail.com>
Cc: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This patch adds support for a unix domain socket for a connection
between qemu and local sheepdog server. You can use the unix domain
socket with the following syntax:
$ qemu sheepdog+unix:///<vdiname>?socket=<socket path>[#snapid]
Signed-off-by: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The URI syntax is consistent with the NBD and Gluster syntax. The
syntax is
sheepdog[+tcp]://[host:port]/vdiname[#snapid|#tag]
Signed-off-by: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Switch the default for qemu_log logging output from "/tmp/qemu.log"
to stderr. This is an incompatible change in some sense, but logging
is mostly used for debugging purposes so it shouldn't affect production
use. The previous behaviour can be obtained by adding "-D /tmp/qemu.log"
to the command line.
This change requires us to:
* update all the documentation/help text (we take the opportunity
to smooth out minor inconsistencies between the phrasing in
linux-user/bsd-user/system help messages)
* make linux-user and bsd-user defer to qemu-log for the default
logging destination rather than overriding it themselves
* ensure that all logfile closing is done via qemu_log_close()
and that that function doesn't close stderr
as well as the obvious change to the behaviour of do_qemu_set_log()
when no logfile name has been specified.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1361901160-28729-1-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Document new and yet undocumented options and image formats. The
qemu-img man page contains information only for raw and qcow2 now and
references the HTML documentation for a more detailed description of
other formats.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The URI syntax is consistent with the Gluster syntax. Export names
are specified in the path, preceded by one or more (otherwise unused)
slashes.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This patch updates the iscsi layer to automatically pick a 'unique'
initiator-name based on the name of the vm in case the user has not set
an explicit iqn-name to use.
Create a new function qemu_get_vm_name() that returns the name of the VM,
if specified.
This way we can thus create default names to use as the initiator name
based on the guest session.
If the VM is not named via the '-name' command line argument, the iscsi
initiator-name used wiull simply be
iqn.2008-11.org.linux-kvm
If a name for the VM was specified with the '-name' option, iscsi will
use a default initiatorname of
iqn.2008-11.org.linux-kvm:<name>
These names are just the default iscsi initiator name that qemu will
generate/use only when the user has not set an explicit initiator name
via the commandlines or config files.
Signed-off-by: Ronnie Sahlberg <ronniesahlberg@gmail.com>
FIPS 140-2 requires disabling certain ciphers, including DES, which is used
by VNC to obscure passwords when they are sent over the network. The
solution for FIPS users is to disable the use of VNC password auth when the
host system is operating in FIPS compliance mode and the user has specified
'-enable-fips' on the QEMU command line.
This patch causes QEMU to emit a message to stderr when the host system is
running in FIPS mode and a VNC password was specified on the commend line.
If the system is not running in FIPS mode, or is running in FIPS mode but
VNC password authentication was not requested, QEMU operates normally.
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
For command line options which permit '?' meaning 'please list the
permitted values', add support for 'help' as a synonym, by abstracting
the check out into a helper function.
This change means that in some cases where we were being lazy in
our string parsing, "?junk" will now be rejected as an invalid option
rather than being (undocumentedly) treated the same way as "?".
Update the documentation to use 'help' rather than '?', since '?'
is a shell metacharacter and thus prone to fail confusingly if there
is a single character filename in the current working directory and
the '?' has not been escaped. It's therefore better to steer users
towards 'help', though '?' is retained for backwards compatibility.
We do not, however, update the output of the system emulator's -help
(or any documentation autogenerated from the qemu-options.hx which
is the source of the -help text) because libvirt parses our -help
output and will break. At a later date when QEMU provides a better
interface so libvirt can avoid having to do this, we can update the
-help text too.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Although the rule also allows 'an' for historical reasons,
'a' is more common because 'h' is pronounced.
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
When 'qemu' was used as a product name or as a generic process name,
it is now replaced by the official upper case 'QEMU'.
v2:
Added missing period (hint from Andreas Färber).
Reviewed-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
The executable name qemu was replaced some time ago by qemu-system-i386.
Fix all examples accordingly.
Some examples will only work with qemu-system-i386 or qemu-system-x86_64
for obvious reasons ("dos.img").
To keep things simple, I did not vary the executable name.
Place holders like qemu-system-TARGET were also only used once
in the enhanced description for QEMU launches using Wine.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
It's been orphaned, not compiling for a long time and despite Apple's
drop of their Rosetta ppc emulation technology with Mac OS X Lion no one
has stepped up to fix it.
Testing necessary changes wrt QOM'ification thus is impossible, so we
might as well remove it completely.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Peter Maydell