We call into libvhost-user from the virtqueue handler thread and the
vhost-user message processing thread without a lock. There is nothing
protecting the virtqueue handler thread if the vhost-user message
processing thread changes the virtqueue or memory table while it is
running.
This patch introduces a read-write lock. Virtqueue handler threads are
readers. The vhost-user message processing thread is a writer. This
will allow concurrency for multiqueue in the future while protecting
against fv_queue_thread() vs virtio_loop() races.
Note that the critical sections could be made smaller but it would be
more invasive and require libvhost-user changes. Let's start simple and
improve performance later, if necessary. Another option would be an
RCU-style approach with lighter-weight primitives.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
vu_socket_path is NULL when --fd=FDNUM was used. Use
fuse_lowlevel_is_virtio() instead.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Doing posix locks with-in guest kernel are not sufficient if a file/dir
is being shared by multiple guests. So we need the notion of daemon doing
the locks which are visible to rest of the guests.
Given posix locks are per process, one can not call posix lock API on host,
otherwise bunch of basic posix locks properties are broken. For example,
If two processes (A and B) in guest open the file and take locks on different
sections of file, if one of the processes closes the fd, it will close
fd on virtiofsd and all posix locks on file will go away. This means if
process A closes the fd, then locks of process B will go away too.
Similar other problems exist too.
This patch set tries to emulate posix locks while using open file
description locks provided on Linux.
Daemon provides two options (-o posix_lock, -o no_posix_lock) to enable
or disable posix locking in daemon. By default it is enabled.
There are few issues though.
- GETLK() returns pid of process holding lock. As we are emulating locks
using OFD, and these locks are not per process and don't return pid
of process, so GETLK() in guest does not reuturn process pid.
- As of now only F_SETLK is supported and not F_SETLKW. We can't block
the thread in virtiofsd for arbitrary long duration as there is only
one thread serving the queue. That means unlock request will not make
it to daemon and F_SETLKW will block infinitely and bring virtio-fs
to a halt. This is a solvable problem though and will require significant
changes in virtiofsd and kernel. Left as a TODO item for now.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
For fuse's queueinfo, both queueinfo array and queueinfos are allocated in
fv_queue_set_started() but not cleaned up when the daemon process quits.
This fixes the leak in proper places.
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <bo.liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Ren <renzhen@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Ren <renzhen@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
lookup is a RO operations, PARALLEL_DIROPS can be enabled.
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <bo.liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
virtiofsd can run multiply even if the vhost_user_socket is same path.
]# ./virtiofsd -o vhost_user_socket=/tmp/vhostqemu -o source=/tmp/share &
[1] 244965
virtio_session_mount: Waiting for vhost-user socket connection...
]# ./virtiofsd -o vhost_user_socket=/tmp/vhostqemu -o source=/tmp/share &
[2] 244966
virtio_session_mount: Waiting for vhost-user socket connection...
]#
The user will get confused about the situation and maybe the cause of the
unexpected problem. So it's better to prevent the multiple running.
Create a regular file under localstatedir directory to exclude the
vhost_user_socket. To create and lock the file, use qemu_write_pidfile()
because the API has some sanity checks and file lock.
Signed-off-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Applied fixes from Stefan's review and moved osdep include
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
This offers an helper function for lo_data's cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <bo.liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
valgrind reported that lo.source is leaked on quiting, but it was defined
as (const char*) as it may point to a const string "/".
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <bo.liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
This cleans up unfreed resources in se on quiting, including
se->virtio_dev, se->vu_socket_path, se->vu_socketfd.
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <bo.liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Neither fuse_parse_cmdline() nor fuse_opt_parse() goes to the right place
to do cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <bo.liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM to 1 if `st_atim' is member of `struct
stat' which means support nanosecond resolution for the file timestamp
fields.
Signed-off-by: Jiufei Xue <jiufei.xue@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Clear out our inodes and fd's on a 'destroy' - so we get rid
of them if we reboot the guest.
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Improve performance of inode lookup by using a hash table.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Liu Bo <bo.liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
- Rename "cache=never" to "cache=none" to match 9p's similar option.
- Rename CACHE_NORMAL constant to CACHE_AUTO to match the "cache=auto"
option.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Inititialize the root inode in a single place.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
dgilbert:
with fix suggested by Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
The Linux file handle APIs (struct export_operations) can access inodes
that are not attached to parents because path name traversal is not
performed. Refuse if there is no parent in lo_do_lookup().
Also clean up lo_do_lookup() while we're here.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
...because the attributes sent in the READDIRPLUS reply would be discarded
anyway.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Kill the threads we've started when the queues get stopped.
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
With improvements by:
Signed-off-by: Eryu Guan <eguan@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Handle a
mount
hard reboot (without unmount)
mount
we get another 'init' which FUSE doesn't normally expect.
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Allow init->destroy->init for mount->umount->mount
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
virtiofsd has some threads, so we see a lot of logs with debug option.
It would be useful for debugging if we can see the timestamp.
Add nano second timestamp, which got by get_clock(), to the log with
FUSE_LOG_DEBUG level if the syslog option isn't set.
The log is like as:
# ./virtiofsd -d -o vhost_user_socket=/tmp/vhostqemu0 -o source=/tmp/share0 -o cache=auto
...
[5365943125463727] [ID: 00000002] fv_queue_thread: Start for queue 0 kick_fd 9
[5365943125568644] [ID: 00000002] fv_queue_thread: Waiting for Queue 0 event
[5365943125573561] [ID: 00000002] fv_queue_thread: Got queue event on Queue 0
Signed-off-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
virtiofsd has some threads, so we see a lot of logs with debug option.
It would be useful for debugging if we can identify the specific thread
from the log.
Add ID, which is got by gettid(), to the log with FUSE_LOG_DEBUG level
so that we can grep the specific thread.
The log is like as:
]# ./virtiofsd -d -o vhost_user_socket=/tmp/vhostqemu0 -o source=/tmp/share0 -o cache=auto
...
[ID: 00000097] unique: 12696, success, outsize: 120
[ID: 00000097] virtio_send_msg: elem 18: with 2 in desc of length 120
[ID: 00000003] fv_queue_thread: Got queue event on Queue 1
[ID: 00000003] fv_queue_thread: Queue 1 gave evalue: 1 available: in: 65552 out: 80
[ID: 00000003] fv_queue_thread: Waiting for Queue 1 event
[ID: 00000071] fv_queue_worker: elem 33: with 2 out desc of length 80 bad_in_num=0 bad_out_num=0
[ID: 00000071] unique: 12694, opcode: READ (15), nodeid: 2, insize: 80, pid: 2014
[ID: 00000071] lo_read(ino=2, size=65536, off=131072)
Signed-off-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
added rework as suggested by Daniel P. Berrangé during review
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Introduce "-o log_level=" command line option to specify current log
level (priority), valid values are "debug info warn err", e.g.
./virtiofsd -o log_level=debug ...
So only log priority higher than "debug" will be printed to
stderr/syslog. And the default level is info.
The "-o debug"/"-d" options are kept, and imply debug log level.
Signed-off-by: Eryu Guan <eguan@linux.alibaba.com>
dgilbert: Reworked for libfuse's log_func
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
with fix by:
Signed-off-by: Xiao Yang <yangx.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Sometimes collecting output from stderr is inconvenient or does not fit
within the overall logging architecture. Add syslog(3) support for
cases where stderr cannot be used.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
dgilbert: Reworked as a logging function
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Some FUSE message replies contain padding fields that are not
initialized by libfuse. This is fine in traditional FUSE applications
because the kernel is trusted. virtiofsd does not trust the guest and
must not expose uninitialized memory.
Use C struct initializers to automatically zero out memory. Not all of
these code changes are strictly necessary but they will prevent future
information leaks if the structs are extended.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
virtiofsd can exceed the default open file descriptor limit easily on
most systems. Take advantage of the fact that it runs as root to raise
the limit.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
If client requested killing setuid/setgid bits on file being written, drop
CAP_FSETID capability so that setuid/setgid bits are cleared upon write
automatically.
pjdfstest chown/12.t needs this.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
dgilbert: reworked for libcap-ng
Reviewed-by: Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
libcap-ng reads /proc during capng_get_caps_process, and virtiofsd's
sandboxing doesn't have /proc mounted; thus we have to do the
caps read before we sandbox it and save/restore the state.
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Caller can set FUSE_WRITE_KILL_PRIV in write_flags. Parse it and pass it
to the filesystem.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Only allow system calls that are needed by virtiofsd. All other system
calls cause SIGSYS to be directed at the thread and the process will
coredump.
Restricting system calls reduces the kernel attack surface and limits
what the process can do when compromised.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
with additional entries by:
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Maharaj Mahalingam <ganesh.mahalingam@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: piaojun <piaojun@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Ren <renzhen@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
virtiofsd needs access to /proc/self/fd. Let's move to a new pid
namespace so that a compromised process cannot see another other
processes running on the system.
One wrinkle in this approach: unshare(CLONE_NEWPID) affects *child*
processes and not the current process. Therefore we need to fork the
pid 1 process that will actually run virtiofsd and leave a parent in
waitpid(2). This is not the same thing as daemonization and parent
processes should not notice a difference.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
If the process is compromised there should be no network access. Use an
empty network namespace to sandbox networking.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Use a mount namespace with the shared directory tree mounted at "/" and
no other mounts.
This prevents symlink escape attacks because symlink targets are
resolved only against the shared directory and cannot go outside it.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peng Tao <tao.peng@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Sandboxing will remove /proc from the mount namespace so we can no
longer build string paths into "/proc/self/fd/...".
Keep an O_PATH file descriptor so we can still re-open fds via
/proc/self/fd.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Construct a fake dirent for the root directory's ".." entry. This hides
the parent directory from the FUSE client.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Each FUSE operation involves parsing the input buffer. Currently the
code assumes the input buffer is large enough for the expected
arguments. This patch uses fuse_mbuf_iter to check the size.
Most operations are simple to convert. Some are more complicated due to
variable-length inputs or different sizes depending on the protocol
version.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
There is a small change in behavior: if fuse_write_in->size doesn't
match the input buffer size then the request is failed. Previously
write requests with 1 fuse_buf element would truncate to
fuse_write_in->size.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Introduce an API for consuming bytes from a buffer with size checks.
All FUSE operations will be converted to use this safe API instead of
void *inarg.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Pass the write iov pointing to guest RAM all the way through rather
than copying the data.
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Xiao Yang <yangx.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Let fuse_session_process_buf_int take a fuse_bufvec * instead of a
fuse_buf; and then through to do_write_buf - where in the best
case it can pass that straight through to op.write_buf without copying
(other than skipping a header).
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Several FUSE requests contain single path components. A correct FUSE
client sends well-formed path components but there is currently no input
validation in case something went wrong or the client is malicious.
Refuse ".", "..", and paths containing '/' when we expect a path
component.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
We have two operations that cannot be done race-free on a symlink in
certain cases: utimes and link.
Add racy fallback for these if the race-free method doesn't work. We do
our best to avoid races even in this case:
- get absolute path by reading /proc/self/fd/NN symlink
- lookup parent directory: after this we are safe against renames in
ancestors
- lookup name in parent directory, and verify that we got to the original
inode, if not retry the whole thing
Both utimes(2) and link(2) hold i_lock on the inode across the operation,
so a racing rename/delete by this fuse instance is not possible, only from
other entities changing the filesystem.
If the "norace" option is given, then disable the racy fallbacks.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Do not expose file descriptor numbers to clients. This prevents the
abuse of internal file descriptors (like stdin/stdout).
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Fix from:
Signed-off-by: Xiao Yang <yangx.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
dgilbert:
Added lseek
Reviewed-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Do not expose lo_dirp pointers to clients.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Do not expose lo_inode pointers to clients.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Stefan Hajnoczi