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226 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
226 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
COarse-grained LOck-stepping Virtual Machines for Non-stop Service
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----------------------------------------
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Copyright (c) 2016 Intel Corporation
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Copyright (c) 2016 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Fujitsu, Corp.
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This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
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See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
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This document gives an overview of COLO's design and how to use it.
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== Background ==
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Virtual machine (VM) replication is a well known technique for providing
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application-agnostic software-implemented hardware fault tolerance,
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also known as "non-stop service".
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COLO (COarse-grained LOck-stepping) is a high availability solution.
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Both primary VM (PVM) and secondary VM (SVM) run in parallel. They receive the
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same request from client, and generate response in parallel too.
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If the response packets from PVM and SVM are identical, they are released
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immediately. Otherwise, a VM checkpoint (on demand) is conducted.
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== Architecture ==
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The architecture of COLO is shown in the diagram below.
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It consists of a pair of networked physical nodes:
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The primary node running the PVM, and the secondary node running the SVM
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to maintain a valid replica of the PVM.
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PVM and SVM execute in parallel and generate output of response packets for
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client requests according to the application semantics.
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The incoming packets from the client or external network are received by the
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primary node, and then forwarded to the secondary node, so that both the PVM
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and the SVM are stimulated with the same requests.
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COLO receives the outbound packets from both the PVM and SVM and compares them
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before allowing the output to be sent to clients.
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The SVM is qualified as a valid replica of the PVM, as long as it generates
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identical responses to all client requests. Once the differences in the outputs
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are detected between the PVM and SVM, COLO withholds transmission of the
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outbound packets until it has successfully synchronized the PVM state to the SVM.
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Primary Node Secondary Node
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+------------+ +-----------------------+ +------------------------+ +------------+
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| | | HeartBeat +<----->+ HeartBeat | | |
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| Primary VM | +-----------+-----------+ +-----------+------------+ |Secondary VM|
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| | | | | |
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| | +-----------|-----------+ +-----------|------------+ | |
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| | |QEMU +---v----+ | |QEMU +----v---+ | | |
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| | | |Failover| | | |Failover| | | |
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| | | +--------+ | | +--------+ | | |
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| | | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | | |
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| | | | VM Checkpoint +-------------->+ VM Checkpoint | | | |
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| | | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | | |
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|Requests<--------------------------\ /-----------------\ /--------------------->Requests|
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| | | ^ ^ | | | | | | |
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|Responses+---------------------\ /-|-|------------\ /-------------------------+Responses|
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | +-----------+ | | | | | | | | | | +----------+ | | |
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| | | | COLO disk | | | | | | | | | | | | COLO disk| | | |
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| | | | Manager +---------------------------->| Manager | | | |
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| | | ++----------+ v v | | | | | v v | +---------++ | | |
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| | | |+-----------+-+-+-++| | ++-+--+-+---------+ | | | |
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| | | || COLO Proxy || | | COLO Proxy | | | | |
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| | | || (compare packet || | |(adjust sequence | | | | |
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| | | ||and mirror packet)|| | | and ACK) | | | | |
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| | | |+------------+---+-+| | +-----------------+ | | | |
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+------------+ +-----------------------+ +------------------------+ +------------+
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+------------+ | | | | +------------+
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| VM Monitor | | | | | | VM Monitor |
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+------------+ | | | | +------------+
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+---------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------+
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| Kernel | | | | | Kernel | |
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+---------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------+
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| | | |
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+--------------v+ +---------v---+--+ +------------------+ +v-------------+
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| Storage | |External Network| | External Network | | Storage |
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+---------------+ +----------------+ +------------------+ +--------------+
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== Components introduction ==
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You can see there are several components in COLO's diagram of architecture.
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Their functions are described below.
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HeartBeat:
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Runs on both the primary and secondary nodes, to periodically check platform
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availability. When the primary node suffers a hardware fail-stop failure,
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the heartbeat stops responding, the secondary node will trigger a failover
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as soon as it determines the absence.
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COLO disk Manager:
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When primary VM writes data into image, the colo disk manger captures this data
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and sends it to secondary VM's which makes sure the context of secondary VM's
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image is consistent with the context of primary VM 's image.
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For more details, please refer to docs/block-replication.txt.
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Checkpoint/Failover Controller:
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Modifications of save/restore flow to realize continuous migration,
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to make sure the state of VM in Secondary side is always consistent with VM in
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Primary side.
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COLO Proxy:
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Delivers packets to Primary and Seconday, and then compare the responses from
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both side. Then decide whether to start a checkpoint according to some rules.
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Please refer to docs/colo-proxy.txt for more information.
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Note:
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HeartBeat has not been implemented yet, so you need to trigger failover process
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by using 'x-colo-lost-heartbeat' command.
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== COLO operation status ==
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+-----------------+
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| |
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| Start COLO |
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| |
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+--------+--------+
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| Main qmp command:
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| migrate-set-capabilities with x-colo
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| migrate
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v
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+--------+--------+
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| |
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| COLO running |
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| |
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+--------+--------+
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| Main qmp command:
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| x-colo-lost-heartbeat
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| or
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| some error happened
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v
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+--------+--------+
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| | send qmp event:
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| COLO failover | COLO_EXIT
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| |
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+-----------------+
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COLO use the qmp command to switch and report operation status.
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The diagram just shows the main qmp command, you can get the detail
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in test procedure.
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== Test procedure ==
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1. Startup qemu
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Primary:
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# qemu-system-x86_64 -accel kvm -m 2048 -smp 2 -qmp stdio -name primary \
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-device piix3-usb-uhci -vnc :7 \
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-device usb-tablet -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off \
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-device virtio-net-pci,id=net-pci0,netdev=hn0 \
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-drive if=virtio,id=primary-disk0,driver=quorum,read-pattern=fifo,vote-threshold=1,\
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children.0.file.filename=1.raw,\
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children.0.driver=raw -S
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Secondary:
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# qemu-system-x86_64 -accel kvm -m 2048 -smp 2 -qmp stdio -name secondary \
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-device piix3-usb-uhci -vnc :7 \
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-device usb-tablet -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off \
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-device virtio-net-pci,id=net-pci0,netdev=hn0 \
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-drive if=none,id=secondary-disk0,file.filename=1.raw,driver=raw,node-name=node0 \
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-drive if=virtio,id=active-disk0,driver=replication,mode=secondary,\
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file.driver=qcow2,top-id=active-disk0,\
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file.file.filename=/mnt/ramfs/active_disk.img,\
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file.backing.driver=qcow2,\
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file.backing.file.filename=/mnt/ramfs/hidden_disk.img,\
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file.backing.backing=secondary-disk0 \
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-incoming tcp:0:8888
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2. On Secondary VM's QEMU monitor, issue command
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{'execute':'qmp_capabilities'}
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{ 'execute': 'nbd-server-start',
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'arguments': {'addr': {'type': 'inet', 'data': {'host': 'xx.xx.xx.xx', 'port': '8889'} } }
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}
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{'execute': 'nbd-server-add', 'arguments': {'device': 'secondary-disk0', 'writable': true } }
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Note:
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a. The qmp command nbd-server-start and nbd-server-add must be run
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before running the qmp command migrate on primary QEMU
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b. Active disk, hidden disk and nbd target's length should be the
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same.
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c. It is better to put active disk and hidden disk in ramdisk.
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3. On Primary VM's QEMU monitor, issue command:
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{'execute':'qmp_capabilities'}
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{ 'execute': 'human-monitor-command',
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'arguments': {'command-line': 'drive_add -n buddy driver=replication,mode=primary,file.driver=nbd,file.host=xx.xx.xx.xx,file.port=8889,file.export=secondary-disk0,node-name=nbd_client0'}}
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{ 'execute':'x-blockdev-change', 'arguments':{'parent': 'primary-disk0', 'node': 'nbd_client0' } }
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{ 'execute': 'migrate-set-capabilities',
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'arguments': {'capabilities': [ {'capability': 'x-colo', 'state': true } ] } }
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{ 'execute': 'migrate', 'arguments': {'uri': 'tcp:xx.xx.xx.xx:8888' } }
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Note:
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a. There should be only one NBD Client for each primary disk.
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b. xx.xx.xx.xx is the secondary physical machine's hostname or IP
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c. The qmp command line must be run after running qmp command line in
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secondary qemu.
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4. After the above steps, you will see, whenever you make changes to PVM, SVM will be synced.
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You can issue command '{ "execute": "migrate-set-parameters" , "arguments":{ "x-checkpoint-delay": 2000 } }'
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to change the checkpoint period time
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5. Failover test
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You can kill Primary VM and run 'x_colo_lost_heartbeat' in Secondary VM's
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monitor at the same time, then SVM will failover and client will not detect this
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change.
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Before issuing '{ "execute": "x-colo-lost-heartbeat" }' command, we have to
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issue block related command to stop block replication.
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Primary:
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Remove the nbd child from the quorum:
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{ 'execute': 'x-blockdev-change', 'arguments': {'parent': 'colo-disk0', 'child': 'children.1'}}
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{ 'execute': 'human-monitor-command','arguments': {'command-line': 'drive_del blk-buddy0'}}
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Note: there is no qmp command to remove the blockdev now
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Secondary:
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The primary host is down, so we should do the following thing:
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{ 'execute': 'nbd-server-stop' }
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== TODO ==
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1. Support continuous VM replication.
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2. Support shared storage.
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3. Develop the heartbeat part.
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4. Reduce checkpoint VM’s downtime while doing checkpoint.
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