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util-linux/misc-utils/getopt.c

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/*
* getopt.c - Enhanced implementation of BSD getopt(1)
* Copyright (c) 1997-2014 Frodo Looijaard <frodo@frodo.looijaard.name>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/
/*
* Version 1.0-b4: Tue Sep 23 1997. First public release.
* Version 1.0: Wed Nov 19 1997.
* Bumped up the version number to 1.0
* Fixed minor typo (CSH instead of TCSH)
* Version 1.0.1: Tue Jun 3 1998
* Fixed sizeof instead of strlen bug
* Bumped up the version number to 1.0.1
* Version 1.0.2: Thu Jun 11 1998 (not present)
* Fixed gcc-2.8.1 warnings
* Fixed --version/-V option (not present)
* Version 1.0.5: Tue Jun 22 1999
* Make -u option work (not present)
* Version 1.0.6: Tue Jun 27 2000
* No important changes
* Version 1.1.0: Tue Jun 30 2000
* Added NLS support (partly written by Arkadiusz Miśkiewicz
* <misiek@pld.org.pl>)
* Version 1.1.4: Mon Nov 7 2005
* Fixed a few type's in the manpage
* Version 1.1.5: Sun Aug 12 2012
* Sync with util-linux-2.21, fixed build problems, many new translations
* Version 1.1.6: Mon Nov 24 2014
* Sync with util-linux git 20141120, detect ambiguous long options, fix
* backslash problem in tcsh
*/
/* Exit codes:
* 0) No errors, successful operation.
* 1) getopt(3) returned an error.
* 2) A problem with parameter parsing for getopt(1).
* 3) Internal error, out of memory
* 4) Returned for -T
*/
#define GETOPT_EXIT_CODE 1
#define PARAMETER_EXIT_CODE 2
#define XALLOC_EXIT_CODE 3
#define CLOSE_EXIT_CODE XALLOC_EXIT_CODE
#define TEST_EXIT_CODE 4
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
# include <sys/param.h> /* BSD */
#endif
#include "closestream.h"
#include "nls.h"
#include "xalloc.h"
/* NON_OPT is the code that is returned getopt(3) when a non-option is
* found in 'char optstring[]="-abc...";', e.g., it begins by '-' */
#define NON_OPT 1
/* LONG_OPT is the code that is returned when a long option is found. */
#define LONG_OPT 0
/* The shells recognized. */
typedef enum { BASH, TCSH } shell_t;
struct getopt_control {
shell_t shell; /* the shell we generate output for */
char *optstr; /* getopt(3) optstring */
char *name;
struct option *long_options; /* long options */
int long_options_length; /* length of options array */
int long_options_nr; /* number of used elements in array */
unsigned int
compatible:1, /* compatibility mode for 'difficult' programs */
quiet_errors:1, /* print errors */
quiet_output:1, /* print output */
quote:1; /* quote output */
};
enum { REALLOC_INCREMENT = 8 };
/* Allow changing which getopt is in use with function pointer. */
static int (*getopt_long_fp) (int argc, char *const *argv, const char *optstr,
const struct option * longopts, int *longindex);
/*
* This function 'normalizes' a single argument: it puts single quotes
* around it and escapes other special characters. If quote is false, it
* just returns its argument.
*
* Bash only needs special treatment for single quotes; tcsh also recognizes
* exclamation marks within single quotes, and nukes whitespace. This
* function returns a pointer to a buffer that is overwritten by each call.
*/
static void print_normalized(const struct getopt_control *ctl, const char *arg)
{
char *buf;
const char *argptr = arg;
char *bufptr;
if (!ctl->quote) {
printf(" %s", arg);
return;
}
/*
* Each character in arg may take up to four characters in the
* result: For a quote we need a closing quote, a backslash, a quote
* and an opening quote! We need also the global opening and closing
* quote, and one extra character for '\0'.
*/
buf = xmalloc(strlen(arg) * 4 + 3);
bufptr = buf;
for (*bufptr++ = '\''; *argptr; argptr++) {
if (ctl->shell == TCSH) {
switch (*argptr) {
case '\\':
/* Backslash: replace it with: '\\' */
*bufptr++ = '\\';
*bufptr++ = '\\';
continue;
case '!':
/* Exclamation mark: replace it with: \! */
*bufptr++ = '\'';
*bufptr++ = '\\';
*bufptr++ = '!';
*bufptr++ = '\'';
continue;
case '\n':
/* Newline: replace it with: \n */
*bufptr++ = '\\';
*bufptr++ = 'n';
continue;
}
if (isspace(*argptr)) {
/* Non-newline whitespace: replace it with \<ws> */
*bufptr++ = '\'';
*bufptr++ = '\\';
*bufptr++ = *argptr;
*bufptr++ = '\'';
continue;
}
}
if (*argptr == '\'') {
/* Quote: replace it with: '\'' */
*bufptr++ = '\'';
*bufptr++ = '\\';
*bufptr++ = '\'';
*bufptr++ = '\'';
} else
/* Just copy */
*bufptr++ = *argptr;
}
*bufptr++ = '\'';
*bufptr++ = '\0';
printf(" %s", buf);
free(buf);
}
/*
* Generate the output. argv[0] is the program name (used for reporting errors).
* argv[1..] contains the options to be parsed. argc must be the number of
* elements in argv (ie. 1 if there are no options, only the program name),
* optstr must contain the short options, and longopts the long options.
* Other settings are found in global variables.
*/
static int generate_output(struct getopt_control *ctl, char *argv[], int argc)
{
int exit_code = EXIT_SUCCESS; /* Assume everything will be OK */
int opt;
int longindex;
const char *charptr;
if (ctl->quiet_errors)
/* No error reporting from getopt(3) */
opterr = 0;
/* Reset getopt(3) */
optind = 0;
while ((opt =
(getopt_long_fp
(argc, argv, ctl->optstr,
(const struct option *)ctl->long_options, &longindex)))
!= EOF) {
if (opt == '?' || opt == ':')
exit_code = GETOPT_EXIT_CODE;
else if (!ctl->quiet_output) {
switch (opt) {
case LONG_OPT:
printf(" --%s", ctl->long_options[longindex].name);
if (ctl->long_options[longindex].has_arg)
print_normalized(ctl, optarg ? optarg : "");
break;
case NON_OPT:
print_normalized(ctl, optarg ? optarg : "");
break;
default:
printf(" -%c", opt);
charptr = strchr(ctl->optstr, opt);
if (charptr != NULL && *++charptr == ':')
print_normalized(ctl, optarg ? optarg : "");
}
}
}
if (!ctl->quiet_output) {
printf(" --");
while (optind < argc)
print_normalized(ctl, argv[optind++]);
printf("\n");
}
for (longindex = 0; longindex < ctl->long_options_nr; longindex++)
free((char *)ctl->long_options[longindex].name);
free(ctl->long_options);
free(ctl->optstr);
free(ctl->name);
return exit_code;
}
/*
* Report an error when parsing getopt's own arguments. If message is NULL,
* we already sent a message, we just exit with a helpful hint.
*/
static void __attribute__ ((__noreturn__)) parse_error(const char *message)
{
if (message)
warnx("%s", message);
errtryhelp(PARAMETER_EXIT_CODE);
}
/* Register a long option. The contents of name is copied. */
static void add_longopt(struct getopt_control *ctl, const char *name, int has_arg)
{
static int flag;
int nr = ctl->long_options_nr;
if (ctl->long_options_nr == ctl->long_options_length) {
ctl->long_options_length += REALLOC_INCREMENT;
ctl->long_options = xrealloc(ctl->long_options,
sizeof(struct option) *
ctl->long_options_length);
}
if (name) {
/* Not for init! */
ctl->long_options[nr].has_arg = has_arg;
ctl->long_options[nr].flag = &flag;
ctl->long_options[nr].val = ctl->long_options_nr;
ctl->long_options[nr].name = xstrdup(name);
} else {
/* lets use add_longopt(ct, NULL, 0) to terminate the array */
ctl->long_options[nr].name = NULL;
ctl->long_options[nr].has_arg = 0;
ctl->long_options[nr].flag = NULL;
ctl->long_options[nr].val = 0;
}
}
/*
* Register several long options. options is a string of long options,
* separated by commas or whitespace. This nukes options!
*/
static void add_long_options(struct getopt_control *ctl, char *options)
{
int arg_opt;
char *tokptr = strtok(options, ", \t\n");
while (tokptr) {
size_t len = strlen(tokptr);
arg_opt = no_argument;
if (len > 0) {
if (tokptr[len - 1] == ':') {
if (tokptr[len - 2] == ':') {
tokptr[len - 2] = '\0';
arg_opt = optional_argument;
} else {
tokptr[len - 1] = '\0';
arg_opt = required_argument;
}
if (!*tokptr)
parse_error(_
("empty long option after "
"-l or --long argument"));
}
add_longopt(ctl, tokptr, arg_opt);
ctl->long_options_nr++;
}
tokptr = strtok(NULL, ", \t\n");
}
add_longopt(ctl, NULL, 0); /* ensure long_options[] is not full */
}
static shell_t shell_type(const char *new_shell)
{
if (!strcmp(new_shell, "bash"))
return BASH;
if (!strcmp(new_shell, "sh"))
return BASH;
if (!strcmp(new_shell, "tcsh"))
return TCSH;
if (!strcmp(new_shell, "csh"))
return TCSH;
parse_error(_("unknown shell after -s or --shell argument"));
}
static void __attribute__((__noreturn__)) usage(void)
{
fputs(USAGE_HEADER, stdout);
printf(_(
" %1$s <optstring> <parameters>\n"
" %1$s [options] [--] <optstring> <parameters>\n"
" %1$s [options] -o|--options <optstring> [options] [--] <parameters>\n"),
program_invocation_short_name);
fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, stdout);
fputs(_("Parse command options.\n"), stdout);
fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, stdout);
fputs(_(" -a, --alternative allow long options starting with single -\n"), stdout);
fputs(_(" -l, --longoptions <longopts> the long options to be recognized\n"), stdout);
fputs(_(" -n, --name <progname> the name under which errors are reported\n"), stdout);
fputs(_(" -o, --options <optstring> the short options to be recognized\n"), stdout);
fputs(_(" -q, --quiet disable error reporting by getopt(3)\n"), stdout);
fputs(_(" -Q, --quiet-output no normal output\n"), stdout);
fputs(_(" -s, --shell <shell> set quoting conventions to those of <shell>\n"), stdout);
fputs(_(" -T, --test test for getopt(1) version\n"), stdout);
fputs(_(" -u, --unquoted do not quote the output\n"), stdout);
fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, stdout);
printf(USAGE_HELP_OPTIONS(31));
printf(USAGE_MAN_TAIL("getopt(1)"));
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct getopt_control ctl = {
.shell = BASH,
.quote = 1
};
int opt;
/* Stop scanning as soon as a non-option argument is found! */
static const char *shortopts = "+ao:l:n:qQs:TuhV";
static const struct option longopts[] = {
{"options", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
{"longoptions", required_argument, NULL, 'l'},
{"quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q'},
{"quiet-output", no_argument, NULL, 'Q'},
{"shell", required_argument, NULL, 's'},
{"test", no_argument, NULL, 'T'},
{"unquoted", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
{"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
{"alternative", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
{"name", required_argument, NULL, 'n'},
{"version", no_argument, NULL, 'V'},
{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
};
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
textdomain(PACKAGE);
close_stdout_atexit();
if (getenv("GETOPT_COMPATIBLE"))
ctl.compatible = 1;
if (argc == 1) {
if (ctl.compatible) {
/*
* For some reason, the original getopt gave no
* error when there were no arguments.
*/
printf(" --\n");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} else
parse_error(_("missing optstring argument"));
}
add_longopt(&ctl, NULL, 0); /* init */
getopt_long_fp = getopt_long;
if (argv[1][0] != '-' || ctl.compatible) {
ctl.quote = 0;
ctl.optstr = xmalloc(strlen(argv[1]) + 1);
strcpy(ctl.optstr, argv[1] + strspn(argv[1], "-+"));
argv[1] = argv[0];
return generate_output(&ctl, argv + 1, argc - 1);
}
while ((opt =
getopt_long(argc, argv, shortopts, longopts, NULL)) != EOF)
switch (opt) {
case 'a':
getopt_long_fp = getopt_long_only;
break;
case 'o':
free(ctl.optstr);
ctl.optstr = xstrdup(optarg);
break;
case 'l':
add_long_options(&ctl, optarg);
break;
case 'n':
free(ctl.name);
ctl.name = xstrdup(optarg);
break;
case 'q':
ctl.quiet_errors = 1;
break;
case 'Q':
ctl.quiet_output = 1;
break;
case 's':
ctl.shell = shell_type(optarg);
break;
case 'T':
free(ctl.long_options);
return TEST_EXIT_CODE;
case 'u':
ctl.quote = 0;
break;
case 'V':
print_version(EXIT_SUCCESS);
case '?':
case ':':
parse_error(NULL);
case 'h':
usage();
default:
parse_error(_("internal error, contact the author."));
}
if (!ctl.optstr) {
if (optind >= argc)
parse_error(_("missing optstring argument"));
else {
ctl.optstr = xstrdup(argv[optind]);
optind++;
}
}
if (ctl.name) {
argv[optind - 1] = ctl.name;
#if defined (HAVE_SETPROGNAME) && !defined (__linux__)
setprogname(ctl.name);
#endif
} else
argv[optind - 1] = argv[0];
return generate_output(&ctl, argv + optind - 1, argc - optind + 1);
}
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