# # Copyright 2008, 2013, 2015 Red Hat, Inc. # Cole Robinson # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, # MA 02110-1301 USA. import os import threading import time import logging import libvirt from .xmlbuilder import XMLBuilder, XMLChildProperty, XMLProperty from . import util _DEFAULT_DEV_TARGET = "/dev" _DEFAULT_LVM_TARGET_BASE = "/dev/" _DEFAULT_SCSI_TARGET = "/dev/disk/by-path" _DEFAULT_MPATH_TARGET = "/dev/mapper" class _StoragePermissions(XMLBuilder): _XML_ROOT_NAME = "permissions" _XML_PROP_ORDER = ["mode", "owner", "group", "label"] mode = XMLProperty("./mode") owner = XMLProperty("./owner") group = XMLProperty("./group") label = XMLProperty("./label") class _StorageObject(XMLBuilder): """ Base class for building any libvirt storage object. Meaningless to directly instantiate. """ ###################### # Validation helpers # ###################### def _check_name_collision(self, name): raise NotImplementedError() def _validate_name(self, name): if name == self.name: return util.validate_name(_("Storage object"), name) self._check_name_collision(name) return name ############## # Properties # ############## name = XMLProperty("./name", validate_cb=_validate_name, doc=_("Name for the storage object.")) permissions = XMLChildProperty(_StoragePermissions, relative_xpath="./target", is_single=True) def _get_default_pool_path(conn): path = "/var/lib/libvirt/images" if conn.is_session_uri(): path = os.path.expanduser("~/.local/share/libvirt/images") return path class _Host(XMLBuilder): _XML_PROP_ORDER = ["name", "port"] _XML_ROOT_NAME = "host" name = XMLProperty("./@name") port = XMLProperty("./@port", is_int=True) class StoragePool(_StorageObject): """ Base class for building and installing libvirt storage pool xml """ # @group Types: TYPE_* TYPE_DIR = "dir" TYPE_FS = "fs" TYPE_NETFS = "netfs" TYPE_LOGICAL = "logical" TYPE_DISK = "disk" TYPE_ISCSI = "iscsi" TYPE_SCSI = "scsi" TYPE_MPATH = "mpath" TYPE_GLUSTER = "gluster" TYPE_RBD = "rbd" TYPE_SHEEPDOG = "sheepdog" TYPE_ZFS = "zfs" # Pool type descriptions for use in higher level programs _descs = {} _descs[TYPE_DIR] = _("Filesystem Directory") _descs[TYPE_FS] = _("Pre-Formatted Block Device") _descs[TYPE_NETFS] = _("Network Exported Directory") _descs[TYPE_LOGICAL] = _("LVM Volume Group") _descs[TYPE_DISK] = _("Physical Disk Device") _descs[TYPE_ISCSI] = _("iSCSI Target") _descs[TYPE_SCSI] = _("SCSI Host Adapter") _descs[TYPE_MPATH] = _("Multipath Device Enumerator") _descs[TYPE_GLUSTER] = _("Gluster Filesystem") _descs[TYPE_RBD] = _("RADOS Block Device/Ceph") _descs[TYPE_SHEEPDOG] = _("Sheepdog Filesystem") _descs[TYPE_ZFS] = _("ZFS Pool") @staticmethod def get_pool_types(): """ Return list of appropriate pool types """ return StoragePool._descs.keys() @staticmethod def get_pool_type_desc(pool_type): """ Return human readable description for passed pool type """ return StoragePool._descs.get(pool_type, "%s pool" % pool_type) @staticmethod def pool_list_from_sources(conn, pool_type, host=None): """ Return a list of StoragePool instances built from libvirt's pool source enumeration (if supported). @param conn: Libvirt connection @param name: Name for the new pool @param pool_type: Pool type string from I{Types} @param host: Option host string to poll for sources """ if not conn.check_support(conn.SUPPORT_CONN_FINDPOOLSOURCES): return [] if host: source_xml = "" % host else: source_xml = "" try: xml = conn.findStoragePoolSources(pool_type, source_xml, 0) except libvirt.libvirtError, e: if util.is_error_nosupport(e): return [] raise class _EnumerateSource(XMLBuilder): _XML_ROOT_NAME = "source" class _EnumerateSources(XMLBuilder): _XML_ROOT_NAME = "sources" sources = XMLChildProperty(_EnumerateSource) ret = [] sources = _EnumerateSources(conn, xml) for source in sources.sources: source_xml = source.get_xml_config() pool_xml = "\n%s\n" % ( XMLBuilder.xml_indent(source_xml, 2)) parseobj = StoragePool(conn, parsexml=pool_xml) parseobj.type = pool_type obj = StoragePool(conn) obj.type = pool_type obj.source_path = parseobj.source_path for host in parseobj.hosts: parseobj.remove_host(host) obj.add_host_obj(host) obj.source_name = parseobj.source_name obj.format = parseobj.format ret.append(obj) return ret @staticmethod def build_default_pool(conn): """ Helper to build the 'default' storage pool """ if not conn.check_support(conn.SUPPORT_CONN_STORAGE): return pool = None name = "default" path = _get_default_pool_path(conn) if conn.is_session_uri() and not os.path.exists(path): os.makedirs(path) try: pool = conn.storagePoolLookupByName(name) except libvirt.libvirtError: # Try default pool path when "default" name fails pool = StoragePool.lookup_pool_by_path(conn, path) if pool: # This is a libvirt pool object so create a StoragePool from it return StoragePool(conn, parsexml=pool.XMLDesc(0)) try: logging.debug("Attempting to build default pool with target '%s'", path) defpool = StoragePool(conn) defpool.type = defpool.TYPE_DIR defpool.name = name defpool.target_path = path defpool.install(build=True, create=True, autostart=True) conn.clear_cache(pools=True) return defpool except Exception, e: raise RuntimeError( _("Couldn't create default storage pool '%s': %s") % (path, str(e))) @staticmethod def manage_path(conn, path): """ If the passed path is managed, lookup its storage objects. If the passed path isn't managed, attempt to manage it if we can. :returns: (vol, parent pool) tuple """ from . import diskbackend return diskbackend.manage_path(conn, path) @staticmethod def get_default_dir(conn, build=False): """ Return the default storage dir. If there's a 'default' pool, report that. If there's no default pool, return the dir we would use for the default. """ path = _get_default_pool_path(conn) if (not conn.is_remote() and not conn.check_support(conn.SUPPORT_CONN_STORAGE)): if build and not os.path.exists(path): os.makedirs(path) return path try: for pool in conn.fetch_all_pools(): if pool.name == "default": return pool.target_path except: pass if build: return StoragePool.build_default_pool(conn).target_path return _get_default_pool_path(conn) @staticmethod def lookup_pool_by_path(conn, path): """ Return the first pool with matching matching target path. return the first we find, active or inactive. This iterates over all pools and dumps their xml, so it is NOT quick. @returns: virStoragePool object if found, None otherwise """ if not conn.check_support(conn.SUPPORT_CONN_STORAGE): return None for pool in conn.fetch_all_pools(): xml_path = pool.target_path if xml_path is not None and os.path.abspath(xml_path) == path: return conn.storagePoolLookupByName(pool.name) return None @staticmethod def find_free_name(conn, basename, **kwargs): """ Finds a name similar (or equal) to passed 'basename' that is not in use by another pool. Extra params are passed to generate_name """ return util.generate_name(basename, conn.storagePoolLookupByName, **kwargs) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): _StorageObject.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self._random_uuid = None ###################### # Validation helpers # ###################### def _check_name_collision(self, name): pool = None try: pool = self.conn.storagePoolLookupByName(name) except libvirt.libvirtError: pass if pool: raise ValueError(_("Name '%s' already in use by another pool." % name)) def _get_default_target_path(self): if not self.supports_property("target_path"): return None if (self.type == self.TYPE_DIR or self.type == self.TYPE_NETFS or self.type == self.TYPE_FS): return os.path.join(self.get_default_dir(self.conn), self.name) if self.type == self.TYPE_LOGICAL: name = self.name if self.source_name: name = self.source_name return _DEFAULT_LVM_TARGET_BASE + name if self.type == self.TYPE_DISK: return _DEFAULT_DEV_TARGET if self.type == self.TYPE_ISCSI or self.type == self.TYPE_SCSI: return _DEFAULT_SCSI_TARGET if self.type == self.TYPE_MPATH: return _DEFAULT_MPATH_TARGET raise RuntimeError("No default target_path for type=%s" % self.type) def _get_default_uuid(self): if self._random_uuid is None: self._random_uuid = util.generate_uuid(self.conn) return self._random_uuid def _type_to_source_prop(self): if (self.type == self.TYPE_NETFS or self.type == self.TYPE_GLUSTER): return "_source_dir" elif self.type == self.TYPE_SCSI: return "_source_adapter" else: return "_source_device" def _get_source(self): return getattr(self, self._type_to_source_prop()) def _set_source(self, val): return setattr(self, self._type_to_source_prop(), val) source_path = property(_get_source, _set_source) def _default_source_name(self): if not self.supports_property("source_name"): return None if self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_NETFS: srcname = self.name elif self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_RBD: srcname = "rbd" elif self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_GLUSTER: srcname = "gv0" elif ("target_path" in self._propstore and self.target_path and self.target_path.startswith(_DEFAULT_LVM_TARGET_BASE)): # If there is a target path, parse it for an expected VG # location, and pull the name from there vg = self.target_path[len(_DEFAULT_LVM_TARGET_BASE):] srcname = vg.split("/", 1)[0] return srcname def _default_format_cb(self): if not self.supports_property("format"): return None return "auto" ############## # Properties # ############## _XML_ROOT_NAME = "pool" _XML_PROP_ORDER = ["name", "type", "uuid", "capacity", "allocation", "available", "format", "hosts", "_source_dir", "_source_adapter", "_source_device", "source_name", "target_path", "permissions"] _source_dir = XMLProperty("./source/dir/@path") _source_adapter = XMLProperty("./source/adapter/@name") _source_device = XMLProperty("./source/device/@path") type = XMLProperty("./@type", doc=_("Storage device type the pool will represent.")) uuid = XMLProperty("./uuid", validate_cb=lambda s, v: util.validate_uuid(v), default_cb=_get_default_uuid) capacity = XMLProperty("./capacity", is_int=True) allocation = XMLProperty("./allocation", is_int=True) available = XMLProperty("./available", is_int=True) format = XMLProperty("./source/format/@type", default_cb=_default_format_cb) iqn = XMLProperty("./source/initiator/iqn/@name", doc=_("iSCSI initiator qualified name")) source_name = XMLProperty("./source/name", default_cb=_default_source_name, doc=_("Name of the Volume Group")) target_path = XMLProperty("./target/path", default_cb=_get_default_target_path) def add_host_obj(self, obj): self.add_child(obj) def add_host(self, name, port=None): obj = _Host(self.conn) obj.name = name obj.port = port self.add_child(obj) def remove_host(self, obj): self.remove_child(obj) hosts = XMLChildProperty(_Host, relative_xpath="./source") ###################### # Public API helpers # ###################### def supports_property(self, propname): users = { "source_path": [self.TYPE_FS, self.TYPE_NETFS, self.TYPE_LOGICAL, self.TYPE_DISK, self.TYPE_ISCSI, self.TYPE_SCSI, self.TYPE_GLUSTER], "source_name": [self.TYPE_LOGICAL, self.TYPE_GLUSTER, self.TYPE_RBD, self.TYPE_SHEEPDOG, self.TYPE_ZFS], "hosts": [self.TYPE_NETFS, self.TYPE_ISCSI, self.TYPE_GLUSTER, self.TYPE_RBD, self.TYPE_SHEEPDOG], "format": [self.TYPE_FS, self.TYPE_NETFS, self.TYPE_DISK], "iqn": [self.TYPE_ISCSI], "target_path" : [self.TYPE_DIR, self.TYPE_FS, self.TYPE_NETFS, self.TYPE_LOGICAL, self.TYPE_DISK, self.TYPE_ISCSI, self.TYPE_SCSI, self.TYPE_MPATH] } if users.get(propname): return self.type in users[propname] return hasattr(self, propname) def list_formats(self): if self.type == self.TYPE_FS: return ["auto", "ext2", "ext3", "ext4", "ufs", "iso9660", "udf", "gfs", "gfs2", "vfat", "hfs+", "xfs"] if self.type == self.TYPE_NETFS: return ["auto", "nfs", "glusterfs"] if self.type == self.TYPE_DISK: return ["auto", "bsd", "dos", "dvh", "gpt", "mac", "pc98", "sun"] return [] def supports_volume_creation(self): return self.type in [ StoragePool.TYPE_DIR, StoragePool.TYPE_FS, StoragePool.TYPE_NETFS, StoragePool.TYPE_LOGICAL, StoragePool.TYPE_DISK, StoragePool.TYPE_RBD, StoragePool.TYPE_SHEEPDOG, StoragePool.TYPE_ZFS] def get_disk_type(self): if (self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_DISK or self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_LOGICAL or self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_SCSI or self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_MPATH or self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_ZFS): return StorageVolume.TYPE_BLOCK if (self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_GLUSTER or self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_RBD or self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_ISCSI or self.type == StoragePool.TYPE_SHEEPDOG): return StorageVolume.TYPE_NETWORK return StorageVolume.TYPE_FILE ################## # Build routines # ################## def validate(self): if self.supports_property("host") and not self.hosts: raise RuntimeError(_("Hostname is required")) if (self.supports_property("source_path") and self.type != self.TYPE_LOGICAL and not self.source_path): raise RuntimeError(_("Source path is required")) if (self.type == self.TYPE_DISK and self.format == "auto"): # There is no explicit "auto" type for disk pools, but leaving out # the format type seems to do the job for existing formatted disks self.format = None def install(self, meter=None, create=False, build=False, autostart=False): """ Install storage pool xml. """ if (self.type == self.TYPE_LOGICAL and build and not self.source_path): raise ValueError(_("Must explicitly specify source path if " "building pool")) if (self.type == self.TYPE_DISK and build and self.format == "auto"): raise ValueError(_("Must explicitly specify disk format if " "formatting disk device.")) xml = self.get_xml_config() logging.debug("Creating storage pool '%s' with xml:\n%s", self.name, xml) meter = util.ensure_meter(meter) try: pool = self.conn.storagePoolDefineXML(xml, 0) except Exception, e: raise RuntimeError(_("Could not define storage pool: %s") % str(e)) errmsg = None if build: try: pool.build(libvirt.VIR_STORAGE_POOL_BUILD_NEW) except Exception, e: errmsg = _("Could not build storage pool: %s") % str(e) if create and not errmsg: try: pool.create(0) except Exception, e: errmsg = _("Could not start storage pool: %s") % str(e) if autostart and not errmsg: try: pool.setAutostart(True) except Exception, e: errmsg = _("Could not set pool autostart flag: %s") % str(e) if errmsg: # Try and clean up the leftover pool try: pool.undefine() except Exception, e: logging.debug("Error cleaning up pool after failure: " + "%s" % str(e)) raise RuntimeError(errmsg) return pool class StorageVolume(_StorageObject): """ Base class for building and installing libvirt storage volume xml """ ALL_FORMATS = ["raw", "bochs", "cloop", "dmg", "iso", "qcow", "qcow2", "qed", "vmdk", "vpc", "fat", "vhd", "vdi"] @staticmethod def get_file_extension_for_format(fmt): if not fmt: return "" if fmt == "raw": return ".img" return "." + fmt @staticmethod def find_free_name(pool_object, basename, **kwargs): """ Finds a name similar (or equal) to passed 'basename' that is not in use by another volume. Extra params are passed to generate_name """ pool_object.refresh(0) return util.generate_name(basename, pool_object.storageVolLookupByName, **kwargs) TYPE_FILE = getattr(libvirt, "VIR_STORAGE_VOL_FILE", 0) TYPE_BLOCK = getattr(libvirt, "VIR_STORAGE_VOL_BLOCK", 1) TYPE_DIR = getattr(libvirt, "VIR_STORAGE_VOL_DIR", 2) TYPE_NETWORK = getattr(libvirt, "VIR_STORAGE_VOL_NETWORK", 3) TYPE_NETDIR = getattr(libvirt, "VIR_STORAGE_VOL_NETDIR", 4) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): _StorageObject.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self._input_vol = None self._pool = None self._pool_xml = None self._reflink = False # Indicate that the volume installation has finished. Used to # definitively tell the storage progress thread to stop polling. self._install_finished = True ###################### # Non XML properties # ###################### def _get_pool(self): return self._pool def _set_pool(self, newpool): if newpool.info()[0] != libvirt.VIR_STORAGE_POOL_RUNNING: raise ValueError(_("pool '%s' must be active.") % newpool.name()) self._pool = newpool self._pool_xml = StoragePool(self.conn, parsexml=self._pool.XMLDesc(0)) pool = property(_get_pool, _set_pool) def _get_input_vol(self): return self._input_vol def _set_input_vol(self, vol): if vol is None: self._input_vol = None return if not isinstance(vol, libvirt.virStorageVol): raise ValueError(_("input_vol must be a virStorageVol")) if not self.conn.check_support( self.conn.SUPPORT_POOL_CREATEVOLFROM, self.pool): raise ValueError(_("Creating storage from an existing volume is" " not supported by this libvirt version.")) self._input_vol = vol input_vol = property(_get_input_vol, _set_input_vol, doc=_("virStorageVolume pointer to clone/use as " "input.")) def _get_reflink(self): return self._reflink def _set_reflink(self, reflink): if (reflink and not self.conn.check_support(self.conn.SUPPORT_POOL_REFLINK)): raise ValueError(_("Creating storage by btrfs COW copy is" " not supported by this libvirt version.")) self._reflink = reflink reflink = property(_get_reflink, _set_reflink, doc="flags for VIR_STORAGE_VOL_CREATE_REFLINK") def sync_input_vol(self, only_format=False): # Pull parameters from input vol into this class parsevol = StorageVolume(self.conn, parsexml=self._input_vol.XMLDesc(0)) self.format = parsevol.format self.capacity = parsevol.capacity self.allocation = parsevol.allocation if only_format: return self.pool = self._input_vol.storagePoolLookupByVolume() ########################## # XML validation helpers # ########################## def _check_name_collision(self, name): vol = None try: vol = self.pool.storageVolLookupByName(name) except libvirt.libvirtError: pass if vol: raise ValueError(_("Name '%s' already in use by another volume." % name)) def _default_format(self): if self.file_type == self.TYPE_FILE: return "raw" return None def _get_vol_type(self): if self.type: if self.type == "file": return self.TYPE_FILE elif self.type == "block": return self.TYPE_BLOCK elif self.type == "dir": return self.TYPE_DIR elif self.type == "network": return self.TYPE_NETWORK return self._pool_xml.get_disk_type() file_type = property(_get_vol_type) ################## # XML properties # ################## _XML_ROOT_NAME = "volume" _XML_PROP_ORDER = ["name", "key", "capacity", "allocation", "format", "target_path", "permissions"] type = XMLProperty("./@type") key = XMLProperty("./key") capacity = XMLProperty("./capacity", is_int=True) allocation = XMLProperty("./allocation", is_int=True) format = XMLProperty("./target/format/@type", default_cb=_default_format) target_path = XMLProperty("./target/path") backing_store = XMLProperty("./backingStore/path") backing_format = XMLProperty("./backingStore/format/@type") def _lazy_refcounts_default_cb(self): if self.format != "qcow2": return False return self.conn.check_support( self.conn.SUPPORT_CONN_QCOW2_LAZY_REFCOUNTS) lazy_refcounts = XMLProperty("./target/features/lazy_refcounts", is_bool=True, default_cb=_lazy_refcounts_default_cb) def _detect_backing_store_format(self): logging.debug("Attempting to detect format for backing_store=%s", self.backing_store) vol, pool = StoragePool.manage_path(self.conn, self.backing_store) if not vol: logging.debug("Didn't find any volume for backing_store") return None # Only set backing format for volumes that support # the 'format' parameter as we know it, like qcow2 etc. volxml = StorageVolume(self.conn, vol.XMLDesc(0)) volxml.pool = pool logging.debug("Found backing store volume XML:\n%s", volxml.get_xml_config()) if volxml.supports_property("format"): logging.debug("Returning format=%s", volxml.format) return volxml.format logging.debug("backing_store volume doesn't appear to have " "a file format we can specify, returning None") return None ###################### # Public API helpers # ###################### def _supports_format(self): if self.file_type == self.TYPE_FILE: return True if self._pool_xml.type == StoragePool.TYPE_GLUSTER: return True return False def supports_property(self, propname): if propname == "format": return self._supports_format() return hasattr(self, propname) def list_formats(self): if self._supports_format(): return self.ALL_FORMATS return [] def list_create_formats(self): if self._supports_format(): return ["raw", "qcow", "qcow2", "qed", "vmdk", "vpc", "vdi"] return None ################## # Build routines # ################## def validate(self): if self._pool_xml.type == StoragePool.TYPE_LOGICAL: if self.allocation != self.capacity: logging.warn(_("Sparse logical volumes are not supported, " "setting allocation equal to capacity")) self.allocation = self.capacity isfatal, errmsg = self.is_size_conflict() if isfatal: raise ValueError(errmsg) if errmsg: logging.warn(errmsg) def install(self, meter=None): """ Build and install storage volume from xml """ if self.backing_store and not self.backing_format: self.backing_format = self._detect_backing_store_format() xml = self.get_xml_config() logging.debug("Creating storage volume '%s' with xml:\n%s", self.name, xml) t = threading.Thread(target=self._progress_thread, name="Checking storage allocation", args=(meter,)) t.setDaemon(True) meter = util.ensure_meter(meter) cloneflags = 0 createflags = 0 if (self.format == "qcow2" and not self.backing_store and not self.conn.is_really_test() and self.conn.check_support( self.conn.SUPPORT_POOL_METADATA_PREALLOC, self.pool)): createflags |= libvirt.VIR_STORAGE_VOL_CREATE_PREALLOC_METADATA if self.reflink: cloneflags |= getattr(libvirt, "VIR_STORAGE_VOL_CREATE_REFLINK", 1) try: self._install_finished = False t.start() meter.start(size=self.capacity, text=_("Allocating '%s'") % self.name) if self.input_vol: vol = self.pool.createXMLFrom(xml, self.input_vol, cloneflags) else: logging.debug("Using vol create flags=%s", createflags) vol = self.pool.createXML(xml, createflags) self._install_finished = True t.join() meter.end(self.capacity) logging.debug("Storage volume '%s' install complete.", self.name) return vol except Exception, e: logging.debug("Error creating storage volume", exc_info=True) raise RuntimeError("Couldn't create storage volume " "'%s': '%s'" % (self.name, str(e))) def _progress_thread(self, meter): vol = None if not meter: return while True: try: if not vol: vol = self.pool.storageVolLookupByName(self.name) vol.info() break except: if time: # pylint: disable=using-constant-test # This 'if' check saves some noise from the test suite time.sleep(.2) if self._install_finished: break if vol is None: logging.debug("Couldn't lookup storage volume in prog thread.") return while not self._install_finished: ignore, ignore, alloc = vol.info() meter.update(alloc) time.sleep(1) def is_size_conflict(self): """ Report if requested size exceeds its pool's available amount @returns: 2 element tuple: 1. True if collision is fatal, false otherwise 2. String message if some collision was encountered. @rtype: 2 element C{tuple}: (C{bool}, C{str}) """ if not self.pool: return (False, "") # pool info is [pool state, capacity, allocation, available] avail = self.pool.info()[3] if self.allocation > avail: return (True, _("There is not enough free space on the storage " "pool to create the volume. " "(%d M requested allocation > %d M available)") % ((self.allocation / (1024 * 1024)), (avail / (1024 * 1024)))) elif self.capacity > avail: return (False, _("The requested volume capacity will exceed the " "available pool space when the volume is fully " "allocated. " "(%d M requested capacity > %d M available)") % ((self.capacity / (1024 * 1024)), (avail / (1024 * 1024)))) return (False, "")