input: Write a function to parse a json-formatted string into a dictionary. The function should return the parsed dictionary.
  import json
  
  def parse_json(data):
      return json.loads(data)
  
  assert parse_json('{"name": "John", "age": 30, "address": {"city": "New York", "state": "NY"}}')=={'name': 'John', 'age': 30, 'address': {'city': 'New York', 'state': 'NY'}}
  assert parse_json('{"fruit": "apple", "color": "red"}')=={'fruit': 'apple', 'color': 'red'}
  assert parse_json('{"students": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]}')=={'students': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']}
  assert parse_json('{}')=={}
  assert parse_json('[]')==[]
output: import json
  
  def parse_json(data):
      return json.loads(data)