input: 
  def calculate_total_cost(items, shipping_cost, tax_rate):
      """
      Calculate the total cost of a shopping cart considering item prices, quantity, 
      shipping cost, and applicable taxes.
      
      Example:
      >>> calculate_total_cost([
      ...     {"name": "widget", "price": 10, "quantity": 5 },
      ...     {"name": "thingy", "price": 7, "quantity": 3 },
      ...     {"name": "doodad", "price": 5, "quantity": 2 }
      ... ], 7.50, 0.095)
      104.2375
      """
      total_cost = sum(item['price'] * item['quantity'] for item in items)
      total_cost += total_cost * tax_rate + shipping_cost
      return total_cost
  
output:     total_cost = sum(item['price'] * item['quantity'] for item in items)
      total_cost += total_cost * tax_rate + shipping_cost
      return total_cost