input: 
  from typing import List
  
  
  def list_all_countries(filename: str) -> List[dict]:
      """ Loads a JSON file containing a list of countries and returns it as a list of dictionaries.
      >>> list_all_countries('data.json')
      [{'name': 'Afghanistan', 'code': 'AF'}, {'name': 'Albania', 'code': 'AL'}, ...]
      """
  
output:     import json
  
      with open(filename, 'r') as file:
          data = json.load(file)
      return data