input: 
  class Matrix:
      def __init__(self, m, n, lst):
          self.m = m
          self.n = n
          self.mat = []
  
          c = 0
          for i in range(self.m):
              a = []
              for j in range(self.n):
                  a.append(lst[c])
                  c += 1
              self.mat.append(a)
  
      def __str__(self):
          output = ""
          for i in self.mat:
              for j in i:
                  output += str(j) + " "
              output += '\n'
          return output
  
      def add(self, mat2):
          for i in range(self.m):
              for j in range(self.n):
                  self.mat[i][j] += mat2.mat[i][j]
  
      def sub(self, mat2):
          for i in range(self.m):
              for j in range(self.n):
                  self.mat[i][j] -= mat2.mat[i][j]
      
      def mul(self, mat2):
          result = []
          for i in range(self.m):
              a = []
              for j in range(mat2.n):
                  s = 0
                  for k in range(self.n):
                      s += self.mat[i][k] * mat2.mat[k][j]
                  a.append(s)
              result.append(a)
          self.mat = result
          self.m = len(result)
          self.n = len(result[0])
  
      def transpose(self):
          result = [[self.mat[j][i] for j in range(len(self.mat))] for i in range(len(self.mat[0]))]
          self.mat = result
          self.m = len(result)
          self.n = len(result[0])
  
  # Example usage:
  # mat1 = Matrix(2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])
  # mat2 = Matrix(2, 2, [5, 6, 7, 8])
  # mat1.add(mat2)
  # print(mat1)
  # Output:
  # 6 8 
  # 10 12
  
  # mat3 = Matrix(2, 3, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
  # mat4 = Matrix(3, 2, [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])
  # mat3.mul(mat4)
  # print(mat3)
  # Output:
  # 58 64 
  # 139 154
  
  # mat5 = Matrix(2, 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])
  # mat5.transpose()
  # print(mat5)
  # Output:
  # 1 3 
  # 2 4
  
output:     
      def scalar_mul(self, scalar):
          for i in range(self.m):
              for j in range(self.n):
                  self.mat[i][j] *= scalar
  
      def get_element(self, i, j):
          return self.mat[i][j]
  
      def set_element(self, i, j, value):
          self.mat[i][j] = value
  
      def is_square(self):
          return self.m == self.n
  
      def trace(self):
          if not self.is_square():
              raise ValueError("Matrix is not square")
          return sum(self.mat[i][i] for i in range(self.m))
  
      def determinant(self):
          if not self.is_square():
              raise ValueError("Matrix is not square")
          if self.m == 1:
              return self.mat[0][0]
          if self.m == 2:
              return self.mat[0][0] * self.mat[1][1] - self.mat[0][1] * self.mat[1][0]
          det = 0
          for c in range(self.n):
              sub_mat = [row[:c] + row[c+1:] for row in (self.mat[:0] + self.mat[1:])]
              det += ((-1) ** c) * self.mat[0][c] * Matrix(self.m-1, self.n-1, [item for sublist in sub_mat for item in sublist]).determinant()
          return det
  