input: from typing import List, Dict
  
  def list_countries() -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
      """This function will list all the countries from a JSON file and return them as a list of dictionaries.
      Each dictionary is the data for a country, and the JSON structure is as follows:
      [
          {"name": "Country1", "code": "c1"},
          {"name": "Country2", "code": "c2"},
          ...
      ]
      >>> list_countries()
      [{'name': 'Afghanistan', 'code': 'AF'}, {'name': 'Albania', 'code': 'AL'}, {'name': 'Algeria', 'code': 'DZ'}, ...]
      """
output:     import json
      with open('countries.json', 'r') as file:
          countries = json.load(file)
      return countries