input: Write a function to clamp a number within a given range.
  assert clamp(5, 1, 10) == 5
  assert clamp(0, 1, 10) == 1
  assert clamp(15, 1, 10) == 10
  assert clamp(-5, -10, 0) == -5
  assert clamp(10, 10, 10) == 10
output: def clamp(value, min_value, max_value):
      return max(min_value, min(value, max_value))