input: Write a function to filter an array by a given criteria and return the filtered array.
  assert filter_array([1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30], lambda x: x % 5 == 0)==[5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30]
  assert filter_array([4, 7, 9, 12, 17, 22, 27], lambda x: x > 10)==[12, 17, 22, 27]
  assert filter_array([2, 4, 6, 8, 10], lambda x: x % 2 == 0)==[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
  assert filter_array([1, 3, 5, 7, 9], lambda x: x % 2 == 1)==[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
  assert filter_array([], lambda x: x > 0)==[]
output: def filter_array(arr, criteria):
      return [x for x in arr if criteria(x)]