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en/Development-And-Common-Documents/Novice-Must-See/View_Linux_System_Information.md

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+# <center>Check the summary of commands related to linux system</center>
+#### <center>Author: Hua Tsai</center>
+#### <center>2023-3-10 10:39:00</center>
+
+The linux command to view system information is the basic knowledge necessary for linux beginners. Usually before carrying out the development work, you need to know the system information, so it is necessary to know the relevant command information in linux.
+The following are classified according to different functions and provide the commonly used commands for querying system information in each Linux distribution. You can refer to them.
+
+## 1. Kernel related commands
+
+### (1) Check the Linux kernel version command
+1. cat /proc/version
+2. uname -a
+
+### (2) List loaded kernel modules
+lsmod
+
+
+## 2. System version related commands
+
+### (1) Check the Linux system version command
+1. lsb_release -a
+2. cat /etc/redhat-release (Note: only suitable for Redhat Linux),
+3. cat /etc/issue
+
+### (2) Check the operating system version
+  head -n 1 /etc/issue
+  ### (3) View CPU information
+  cat /proc/cpuinfo
+  ### (4) View system running time, number of users, load
+  uptime
+ 
+  ## 3. View process and service related commands
+### (1) View all processes
+ps -ef
+### (2) List all system services
+chkconfig –list
+### (3) List all started system service programs
+chkconfig –list | grep on
+### (4) Real-time display process status user
+top
+### (5) Query process information according to PID
+ps -f -p <process PID>
+### (6) View port occupation process
+lsof -i:<PORT_ID>
+ 
+ 
+## Four, view system user related commands
+   ### (1) View the specified user information
+id <username>
+### (2) View user login log
+  last
+### (3) View all users of the system
+cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
+### (4) View all groups in the system
+cut -d: -f1 /etc/group
+
+
+## 5. Query external device commands
+
+### (1) List all PCI devices
+lspci -tv
+
+### (2) List all USB devices
+lsusb -tv
+### (3) View the IDE device detection status network at startup
+  dmesg | grep IDE
+### (4) Check the computer name
+  hostname
+  ### (5) View hardware information
+  1. lshw
+  2. lshw -short
+  3. dmidecode
+
+
+## Six, system disk related query commands
+### (1) View memory usage and swap area usage
+  free -m
+### (2) View the usage of each partition
+  df -h
+### (3) View the size of the specified directory
+du -sh <directory name>
+### (4) View the total amount of memory
+grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
+### (5) View the amount of free memory
+  grep MemFree /proc/meminfo
+### (6) View system load disks and partitions
+cat /proc/loadavg
+### (7) View the mounted partition status
+  mount | column -t
+### (8) View all partitions
+  fdisk -l
+### (9) View all swap partitions
+  swapon -s
+### (10) View disk parameters (only for IDE devices)
+hdparm -i /dev/hda
+
+## Seven, query network related information
+
+### (1) View the properties of all network interfaces
+ifconfig
+### (2) View firewall settings
+  iptables -L
+### (3) Check the routing table
+  route-n
+### (4) View all listening ports
+  netstat -lntp
+### (5) View all established connections
+netstat -antp
+### (6) Check the process of network statistics
+netstat -s
+
+## 8. Use scp to copy files between different machines
+
+### (1) Remotely copy a single file from the local to the target host
+scp local_file remote_username@remote_ip:remote_folder
+### (2) Remotely copy the folder from the local to the target host
+scp -r local_folder remote_username@remote_ip:remote_folder
+### (3) Copy a single file from the remote host to the local
+scp remote_username@remote_ip:remote_folder/remote_file local_folder
+### (4) Copy the folder from the remote host to the local
+scp -r remote_username@remote_ip:remote_folder local_folder