docs: filesystems: convert ntfs.txt to ReST
- Add a SPDX header; - Adjust document title; - Comment out text-only ToC; - Some whitespace fixes and new line breaks; - Mark literal blocks as such; - Add table markups; - Add it to filesystems/index.rst. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/f09ca6c9bdd4e7aa7208f3dba0b8753080b38d03.1581955849.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
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Mauro Carvalho Chehab
Jonathan Corbet
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@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ Documentation for filesystem implementations.
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inotify
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isofs
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nilfs2
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nfs/index
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ntfs
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overlayfs
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virtiofs
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vfat
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nfs/index
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@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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================================
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The Linux NTFS filesystem driver
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================================
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Table of contents
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=================
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.. Table of contents
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- Overview
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- Web site
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- Features
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- Supported mount options
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- Known bugs and (mis-)features
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- Using NTFS volume and stripe sets
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- The Device-Mapper driver
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- The Software RAID / MD driver
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- Limitations when using the MD driver
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- Overview
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- Web site
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- Features
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- Supported mount options
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- Known bugs and (mis-)features
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- Using NTFS volume and stripe sets
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- The Device-Mapper driver
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- The Software RAID / MD driver
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- Limitations when using the MD driver
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Overview
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@ -66,8 +68,10 @@ Features
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partition by creating a large file while in Windows and then loopback
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mounting the file while in Linux and creating a Linux filesystem on it that
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is used to install Linux on it.
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- A comparison of the two drivers using:
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- A comparison of the two drivers using::
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time find . -type f -exec md5sum "{}" \;
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run three times in sequence with each driver (after a reboot) on a 1.4GiB
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NTFS partition, showed the new driver to be 20% faster in total time elapsed
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(from 9:43 minutes on average down to 7:53). The time spent in user space
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@ -104,6 +108,7 @@ In addition to the generic mount options described by the manual page for the
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mount command (man 8 mount, also see man 5 fstab), the NTFS driver supports the
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following mount options:
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======================= =======================================================
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iocharset=name Deprecated option. Still supported but please use
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nls=name in the future. See description for nls=name.
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@ -175,16 +180,22 @@ disable_sparse=<BOOL> If disable_sparse is specified, creation of sparse
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errors=opt What to do when critical filesystem errors are found.
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Following values can be used for "opt":
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continue: DEFAULT, try to clean-up as much as
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======== =========================================
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continue DEFAULT, try to clean-up as much as
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possible, e.g. marking a corrupt inode as
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bad so it is no longer accessed, and then
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continue.
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recover: At present only supported is recovery of
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recover At present only supported is recovery of
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the boot sector from the backup copy.
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If read-only mount, the recovery is done
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in memory only and not written to disk.
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Note that the options are additive, i.e. specifying:
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======== =========================================
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Note that the options are additive, i.e. specifying::
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errors=continue,errors=recover
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means the driver will attempt to recover and if that
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fails it will clean-up as much as possible and
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continue.
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@ -202,12 +213,18 @@ mft_zone_multiplier= Set the MFT zone multiplier for the volume (this
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In general use the default. If you have a lot of small
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files then use a higher value. The values have the
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following meaning:
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===== =================================
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Value MFT zone size (% of volume size)
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===== =================================
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1 12.5%
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2 25%
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3 37.5%
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4 50%
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===== =================================
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Note this option is irrelevant for read-only mounts.
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======================= =======================================================
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Known bugs and (mis-)features
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@ -252,18 +269,18 @@ To create the table describing your volume you will need to know each of its
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components and their sizes in sectors, i.e. multiples of 512-byte blocks.
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For NT4 fault tolerant volumes you can obtain the sizes using fdisk. So for
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example if one of your partitions is /dev/hda2 you would do:
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example if one of your partitions is /dev/hda2 you would do::
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$ fdisk -ul /dev/hda
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$ fdisk -ul /dev/hda
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Disk /dev/hda: 81.9 GB, 81964302336 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9964 cylinders, total 160086528 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Disk /dev/hda: 81.9 GB, 81964302336 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9964 cylinders, total 160086528 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/hda1 * 63 4209029 2104483+ 83 Linux
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/dev/hda2 4209030 37768814 16779892+ 86 NTFS
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/dev/hda3 37768815 46170809 4200997+ 83 Linux
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/hda1 * 63 4209029 2104483+ 83 Linux
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/dev/hda2 4209030 37768814 16779892+ 86 NTFS
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/dev/hda3 37768815 46170809 4200997+ 83 Linux
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And you would know that /dev/hda2 has a size of 37768814 - 4209030 + 1 =
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33559785 sectors.
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@ -271,15 +288,17 @@ And you would know that /dev/hda2 has a size of 37768814 - 4209030 + 1 =
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For Win2k and later dynamic disks, you can for example use the ldminfo utility
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which is part of the Linux LDM tools (the latest version at the time of
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writing is linux-ldm-0.0.8.tar.bz2). You can download it from:
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http://www.linux-ntfs.org/
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Simply extract the downloaded archive (tar xvjf linux-ldm-0.0.8.tar.bz2), go
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into it (cd linux-ldm-0.0.8) and change to the test directory (cd test). You
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will find the precompiled (i386) ldminfo utility there. NOTE: You will not be
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able to compile this yourself easily so use the binary version!
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Then you would use ldminfo in dump mode to obtain the necessary information:
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Then you would use ldminfo in dump mode to obtain the necessary information::
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$ ./ldminfo --dump /dev/hda
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$ ./ldminfo --dump /dev/hda
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This would dump the LDM database found on /dev/hda which describes all of your
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dynamic disks and all the volumes on them. At the bottom you will see the
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@ -305,42 +324,36 @@ give you the correct information to do this.
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Assuming you know all your devices and their sizes things are easy.
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For a linear raid the table would look like this (note all values are in
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512-byte sectors):
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512-byte sectors)::
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--- cut here ---
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# Offset into Size of this Raid type Device Start sector
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# volume device of device
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0 1028161 linear /dev/hda1 0
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1028161 3903762 linear /dev/hdb2 0
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4931923 2103211 linear /dev/hdc1 0
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--- cut here ---
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# Offset into Size of this Raid type Device Start sector
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# volume device of device
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0 1028161 linear /dev/hda1 0
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1028161 3903762 linear /dev/hdb2 0
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4931923 2103211 linear /dev/hdc1 0
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For a striped volume, i.e. raid level 0, you will need to know the chunk size
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you used when creating the volume. Windows uses 64kiB as the default, so it
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will probably be this unless you changes the defaults when creating the array.
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For a raid level 0 the table would look like this (note all values are in
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512-byte sectors):
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512-byte sectors)::
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--- cut here ---
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# Offset Size Raid Number Chunk 1st Start 2nd Start
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# into of the type of size Device in Device in
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# volume volume stripes device device
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0 2056320 striped 2 128 /dev/hda1 0 /dev/hdb1 0
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--- cut here ---
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# Offset Size Raid Number Chunk 1st Start 2nd Start
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# into of the type of size Device in Device in
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# volume volume stripes device device
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0 2056320 striped 2 128 /dev/hda1 0 /dev/hdb1 0
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If there are more than two devices, just add each of them to the end of the
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line.
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Finally, for a mirrored volume, i.e. raid level 1, the table would look like
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this (note all values are in 512-byte sectors):
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this (note all values are in 512-byte sectors)::
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--- cut here ---
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# Ofs Size Raid Log Number Region Should Number Source Start Target Start
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# in of the type type of log size sync? of Device in Device in
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# vol volume params mirrors Device Device
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0 2056320 mirror core 2 16 nosync 2 /dev/hda1 0 /dev/hdb1 0
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--- cut here ---
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# Ofs Size Raid Log Number Region Should Number Source Start Target Start
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# in of the type type of log size sync? of Device in Device in
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# vol volume params mirrors Device Device
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0 2056320 mirror core 2 16 nosync 2 /dev/hda1 0 /dev/hdb1 0
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If you are mirroring to multiple devices you can specify further targets at the
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end of the line.
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@ -353,17 +366,17 @@ to the "Target Device" or if you specified multiple target devices to all of
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them.
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Once you have your table, save it in a file somewhere (e.g. /etc/ntfsvolume1),
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and hand it over to dmsetup to work with, like so:
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and hand it over to dmsetup to work with, like so::
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$ dmsetup create myvolume1 /etc/ntfsvolume1
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$ dmsetup create myvolume1 /etc/ntfsvolume1
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You can obviously replace "myvolume1" with whatever name you like.
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If it all worked, you will now have the device /dev/device-mapper/myvolume1
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which you can then just use as an argument to the mount command as usual to
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mount the ntfs volume. For example:
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mount the ntfs volume. For example::
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$ mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/device-mapper/myvolume1 /mnt/myvol1
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$ mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/device-mapper/myvolume1 /mnt/myvol1
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(You need to create the directory /mnt/myvol1 first and of course you can use
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anything you like instead of /mnt/myvol1 as long as it is an existing
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@ -395,18 +408,18 @@ Windows by default uses a stripe chunk size of 64k, so you probably want the
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"chunk-size 64k" option for each raid-disk, too.
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For example, if you have a stripe set consisting of two partitions /dev/hda5
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and /dev/hdb1 your /etc/raidtab would look like this:
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and /dev/hdb1 your /etc/raidtab would look like this::
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raiddev /dev/md0
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raid-level 0
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nr-raid-disks 2
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nr-spare-disks 0
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persistent-superblock 0
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chunk-size 64k
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device /dev/hda5
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raid-disk 0
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device /dev/hdb1
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raid-disk 1
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raiddev /dev/md0
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raid-level 0
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nr-raid-disks 2
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nr-spare-disks 0
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persistent-superblock 0
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chunk-size 64k
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device /dev/hda5
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raid-disk 0
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device /dev/hdb1
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raid-disk 1
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For linear raid, just change the raid-level above to "raid-level linear", for
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mirrors, change it to "raid-level 1", and for stripe sets with parity, change
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@ -427,7 +440,9 @@ Once the raidtab is setup, run for example raid0run -a to start all devices or
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raid0run /dev/md0 to start a particular md device, in this case /dev/md0.
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Then just use the mount command as usual to mount the ntfs volume using for
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example: mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/md0 /mnt/myntfsvolume
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example::
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mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/md0 /mnt/myntfsvolume
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It is advisable to do the mount read-only to see if the md volume has been
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setup correctly to avoid the possibility of causing damage to the data on the
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