docs: Sphinxify gdb-kernel-debugging.txt and move to dev-tools
Acked-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
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@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
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.. highlight:: none
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Debugging kernel and modules via gdb
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Debugging kernel and modules via gdb
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====================================
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====================================
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@ -13,54 +15,58 @@ be transferred to the other gdb stubs as well.
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Requirements
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Requirements
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------------
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------------
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o gdb 7.2+ (recommended: 7.4+) with python support enabled (typically true
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- gdb 7.2+ (recommended: 7.4+) with python support enabled (typically true
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for distributions)
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for distributions)
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Setup
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Setup
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-----
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-----
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o Create a virtual Linux machine for QEMU/KVM (see www.linux-kvm.org and
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- Create a virtual Linux machine for QEMU/KVM (see www.linux-kvm.org and
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www.qemu.org for more details). For cross-development,
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www.qemu.org for more details). For cross-development,
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http://landley.net/aboriginal/bin keeps a pool of machine images and
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http://landley.net/aboriginal/bin keeps a pool of machine images and
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toolchains that can be helpful to start from.
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toolchains that can be helpful to start from.
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o Build the kernel with CONFIG_GDB_SCRIPTS enabled, but leave
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- Build the kernel with CONFIG_GDB_SCRIPTS enabled, but leave
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CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED off. If your architecture supports
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CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED off. If your architecture supports
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CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER, keep it enabled.
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CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER, keep it enabled.
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o Install that kernel on the guest.
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- Install that kernel on the guest.
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Alternatively, QEMU allows to boot the kernel directly using -kernel,
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Alternatively, QEMU allows to boot the kernel directly using -kernel,
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-append, -initrd command line switches. This is generally only useful if
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-append, -initrd command line switches. This is generally only useful if
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you do not depend on modules. See QEMU documentation for more details on
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you do not depend on modules. See QEMU documentation for more details on
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this mode.
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this mode.
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o Enable the gdb stub of QEMU/KVM, either
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- Enable the gdb stub of QEMU/KVM, either
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- at VM startup time by appending "-s" to the QEMU command line
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- at VM startup time by appending "-s" to the QEMU command line
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or
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or
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- during runtime by issuing "gdbserver" from the QEMU monitor
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- during runtime by issuing "gdbserver" from the QEMU monitor
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console
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console
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o cd /path/to/linux-build
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- cd /path/to/linux-build
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o Start gdb: gdb vmlinux
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- Start gdb: gdb vmlinux
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Note: Some distros may restrict auto-loading of gdb scripts to known safe
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Note: Some distros may restrict auto-loading of gdb scripts to known safe
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directories. In case gdb reports to refuse loading vmlinux-gdb.py, add
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directories. In case gdb reports to refuse loading vmlinux-gdb.py, add::
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add-auto-load-safe-path /path/to/linux-build
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add-auto-load-safe-path /path/to/linux-build
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to ~/.gdbinit. See gdb help for more details.
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to ~/.gdbinit. See gdb help for more details.
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o Attach to the booted guest:
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- Attach to the booted guest::
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(gdb) target remote :1234
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(gdb) target remote :1234
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Examples of using the Linux-provided gdb helpers
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Examples of using the Linux-provided gdb helpers
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------------------------------------------------
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------------------------------------------------
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o Load module (and main kernel) symbols:
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- Load module (and main kernel) symbols::
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(gdb) lx-symbols
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(gdb) lx-symbols
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loading vmlinux
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loading vmlinux
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scanning for modules in /home/user/linux/build
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scanning for modules in /home/user/linux/build
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@ -72,17 +78,20 @@ Examples of using the Linux-provided gdb helpers
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...
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...
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loading @0xffffffffa0000000: /home/user/linux/build/drivers/ata/ata_generic.ko
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loading @0xffffffffa0000000: /home/user/linux/build/drivers/ata/ata_generic.ko
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o Set a breakpoint on some not yet loaded module function, e.g.:
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- Set a breakpoint on some not yet loaded module function, e.g.::
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(gdb) b btrfs_init_sysfs
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(gdb) b btrfs_init_sysfs
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Function "btrfs_init_sysfs" not defined.
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Function "btrfs_init_sysfs" not defined.
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Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y
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Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y
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Breakpoint 1 (btrfs_init_sysfs) pending.
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Breakpoint 1 (btrfs_init_sysfs) pending.
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o Continue the target
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- Continue the target::
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(gdb) c
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(gdb) c
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o Load the module on the target and watch the symbols being loaded as well as
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- Load the module on the target and watch the symbols being loaded as well as
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the breakpoint hit:
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the breakpoint hit::
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loading @0xffffffffa0034000: /home/user/linux/build/lib/libcrc32c.ko
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loading @0xffffffffa0034000: /home/user/linux/build/lib/libcrc32c.ko
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loading @0xffffffffa0050000: /home/user/linux/build/lib/lzo/lzo_compress.ko
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loading @0xffffffffa0050000: /home/user/linux/build/lib/lzo/lzo_compress.ko
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loading @0xffffffffa006e000: /home/user/linux/build/lib/zlib_deflate/zlib_deflate.ko
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loading @0xffffffffa006e000: /home/user/linux/build/lib/zlib_deflate/zlib_deflate.ko
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@ -91,7 +100,8 @@ Examples of using the Linux-provided gdb helpers
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Breakpoint 1, btrfs_init_sysfs () at /home/user/linux/fs/btrfs/sysfs.c:36
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Breakpoint 1, btrfs_init_sysfs () at /home/user/linux/fs/btrfs/sysfs.c:36
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36 btrfs_kset = kset_create_and_add("btrfs", NULL, fs_kobj);
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36 btrfs_kset = kset_create_and_add("btrfs", NULL, fs_kobj);
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o Dump the log buffer of the target kernel:
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- Dump the log buffer of the target kernel::
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(gdb) lx-dmesg
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(gdb) lx-dmesg
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[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
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[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
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[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
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[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
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@ -102,19 +112,22 @@ Examples of using the Linux-provided gdb helpers
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[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
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[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
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....
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....
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o Examine fields of the current task struct:
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- Examine fields of the current task struct::
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(gdb) p $lx_current().pid
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(gdb) p $lx_current().pid
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$1 = 4998
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$1 = 4998
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(gdb) p $lx_current().comm
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(gdb) p $lx_current().comm
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$2 = "modprobe\000\000\000\000\000\000\000"
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$2 = "modprobe\000\000\000\000\000\000\000"
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o Make use of the per-cpu function for the current or a specified CPU:
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- Make use of the per-cpu function for the current or a specified CPU::
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(gdb) p $lx_per_cpu("runqueues").nr_running
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(gdb) p $lx_per_cpu("runqueues").nr_running
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$3 = 1
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$3 = 1
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(gdb) p $lx_per_cpu("runqueues", 2).nr_running
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(gdb) p $lx_per_cpu("runqueues", 2).nr_running
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$4 = 0
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$4 = 0
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o Dig into hrtimers using the container_of helper:
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- Dig into hrtimers using the container_of helper::
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(gdb) set $next = $lx_per_cpu("hrtimer_bases").clock_base[0].active.next
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(gdb) set $next = $lx_per_cpu("hrtimer_bases").clock_base[0].active.next
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(gdb) p *$container_of($next, "struct hrtimer", "node")
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(gdb) p *$container_of($next, "struct hrtimer", "node")
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$5 = {
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$5 = {
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@ -144,7 +157,7 @@ List of commands and functions
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------------------------------
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------------------------------
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The number of commands and convenience functions may evolve over the time,
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The number of commands and convenience functions may evolve over the time,
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this is just a snapshot of the initial version:
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this is just a snapshot of the initial version::
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(gdb) apropos lx
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(gdb) apropos lx
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function lx_current -- Return current task
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function lx_current -- Return current task
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@ -22,3 +22,4 @@ whole; patches welcome!
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ubsan
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ubsan
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kmemleak
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kmemleak
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kmemcheck
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kmemcheck
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gdb-kernel-debugging
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