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srcu: Implement more-efficient reader counts 

SRCU uses two per-cpu counters: a nesting counter to count the number of
active critical sections, and a sequence counter to ensure that the nesting
counters don't change while they are being added together in
srcu_readers_active_idx_check().

This patch instead uses per-cpu lock and unlock counters. Because both
counters only increase and srcu_readers_active_idx_check() reads the unlock
counter before the lock counter, this achieves the same end without having
to increment two different counters in srcu_read_lock(). This also saves a
smp_mb() in srcu_readers_active_idx_check().

Possible bug: There is no guarantee that the lock counter won't overflow
during srcu_readers_active_idx_check(), as there are no memory barriers
around srcu_flip() (see comment in srcu_readers_active_idx_check() for
details). However, this problem was already present before this patch.

Suggested-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit is contained in:
Lance Roy 2017-01-23 13:35:18 -08:00 committed by Paul E. McKenney
parent 52d7e48b86
commit f2c4689640
3 changed files with 66 additions and 85 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

10
include/linux/srcu.h
View File

@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
struct srcu_struct_array {
unsigned long c[2];
unsigned long seq[2];
struct srcu_array {
unsigned long lock_count[2];
unsigned long unlock_count[2];
};
struct rcu_batch {
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct rcu_batch {
struct srcu_struct {
unsigned long completed;
struct srcu_struct_array __percpu *per_cpu_ref;
struct srcu_array __percpu *per_cpu_ref;
spinlock_t queue_lock; /* protect ->batch_queue, ->running */
bool running;
/* callbacks just queued */
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ void process_srcu(struct work_struct *work);
* See include/linux/percpu-defs.h for the rules on per-CPU variables.
*/
#define __DEFINE_SRCU(name, is_static) \
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct srcu_struct_array, name##_srcu_array);\
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct srcu_array, name##_srcu_array);\
is_static struct srcu_struct name = __SRCU_STRUCT_INIT(name)
#define DEFINE_SRCU(name) __DEFINE_SRCU(name, /* not static */)
#define DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(name) __DEFINE_SRCU(name, static)

19
kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c
View File

@ -564,10 +564,25 @@ static void srcu_torture_stats(void)
pr_alert("%s%s per-CPU(idx=%d):",
torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG, idx);
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
unsigned long l0, l1;
unsigned long u0, u1;
long c0, c1;
struct srcu_array *counts = per_cpu_ptr(srcu_ctlp->per_cpu_ref, cpu);
c0 = (long)per_cpu_ptr(srcu_ctlp->per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[!idx];
c1 = (long)per_cpu_ptr(srcu_ctlp->per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[idx];
u0 = counts->unlock_count[!idx];
u1 = counts->unlock_count[idx];
/*
* Make sure that a lock is always counted if the corresponding
* unlock is counted.
*/
smp_rmb();
l0 = counts->lock_count[!idx];
l1 = counts->lock_count[idx];
c0 = l0 - u0;
c1 = l1 - u1;
pr_cont(" %d(%ld,%ld)", cpu, c0, c1);
}
pr_cont("\n");

122
kernel/rcu/srcu.c
View File

@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ static int init_srcu_struct_fields(struct srcu_struct *sp)
rcu_batch_init(&sp->batch_check1);
rcu_batch_init(&sp->batch_done);
INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&sp->work, process_srcu);
sp->per_cpu_ref = alloc_percpu(struct srcu_struct_array);
sp->per_cpu_ref = alloc_percpu(struct srcu_array);
return sp->per_cpu_ref ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
}
@ -141,114 +141,77 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_srcu_struct);
#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC */
/*
* Returns approximate total of the readers' ->seq[] values for the
* Returns approximate total of the readers' ->lock_count[] values for the
* rank of per-CPU counters specified by idx.
*/
static unsigned long srcu_readers_seq_idx(struct srcu_struct *sp, int idx)
static unsigned long srcu_readers_lock_idx(struct srcu_struct *sp, int idx)
{
int cpu;
unsigned long sum = 0;
unsigned long t;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
t = READ_ONCE(per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, cpu)->seq[idx]);
sum += t;
struct srcu_array *cpuc = per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, cpu);
sum += READ_ONCE(cpuc->lock_count[idx]);
}
return sum;
}
/*
* Returns approximate number of readers active on the specified rank
* of the per-CPU ->c[] counters.
* Returns approximate total of the readers' ->unlock_count[] values for the
* rank of per-CPU counters specified by idx.
*/
static unsigned long srcu_readers_active_idx(struct srcu_struct *sp, int idx)
static unsigned long srcu_readers_unlock_idx(struct srcu_struct *sp, int idx)
{
int cpu;
unsigned long sum = 0;
unsigned long t;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
t = READ_ONCE(per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[idx]);
sum += t;
struct srcu_array *cpuc = per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, cpu);
sum += READ_ONCE(cpuc->unlock_count[idx]);
}
return sum;
}
/*
* Return true if the number of pre-existing readers is determined to
* be stably zero. An example unstable zero can occur if the call
* to srcu_readers_active_idx() misses an __srcu_read_lock() increment,
* but due to task migration, sees the corresponding __srcu_read_unlock()
* decrement. This can happen because srcu_readers_active_idx() takes
* time to sum the array, and might in fact be interrupted or preempted
* partway through the summation.
* be zero.
*/
static bool srcu_readers_active_idx_check(struct srcu_struct *sp, int idx)
{
unsigned long seq;
unsigned long unlocks;
seq = srcu_readers_seq_idx(sp, idx);
unlocks = srcu_readers_unlock_idx(sp, idx);
/*
* The following smp_mb() A pairs with the smp_mb() B located in
* __srcu_read_lock(). This pairing ensures that if an
* __srcu_read_lock() increments its counter after the summation
* in srcu_readers_active_idx(), then the corresponding SRCU read-side
* critical section will see any changes made prior to the start
* of the current SRCU grace period.
* Make sure that a lock is always counted if the corresponding unlock
* is counted. Needs to be a smp_mb() as the read side may contain a
* read from a variable that is written to before the synchronize_srcu()
* in the write side. In this case smp_mb()s A and B act like the store
* buffering pattern.
*
* Also, if the above call to srcu_readers_seq_idx() saw the
* increment of ->seq[], then the call to srcu_readers_active_idx()
* must see the increment of ->c[].
* This smp_mb() also pairs with smp_mb() C to prevent accesses after the
* synchronize_srcu() from being executed before the grace period ends.
*/
smp_mb(); /* A */
/*
* Note that srcu_readers_active_idx() can incorrectly return
* zero even though there is a pre-existing reader throughout.
* To see this, suppose that task A is in a very long SRCU
* read-side critical section that started on CPU 0, and that
* no other reader exists, so that the sum of the counters
* is equal to one. Then suppose that task B starts executing
* srcu_readers_active_idx(), summing up to CPU 1, and then that
* task C starts reading on CPU 0, so that its increment is not
* summed, but finishes reading on CPU 2, so that its decrement
* -is- summed. Then when task B completes its sum, it will
* incorrectly get zero, despite the fact that task A has been
* in its SRCU read-side critical section the whole time.
* If the locks are the same as the unlocks, then there must have
* been no readers on this index at some time in between. This does not
* mean that there are no more readers, as one could have read the
* current index but not have incremented the lock counter yet.
*
* We therefore do a validation step should srcu_readers_active_idx()
* return zero.
* Possible bug: There is no guarantee that there haven't been ULONG_MAX
* increments of ->lock_count[] since the unlocks were counted, meaning
* that this could return true even if there are still active readers.
* Since there are no memory barriers around srcu_flip(), the CPU is not
* required to increment ->completed before running
* srcu_readers_unlock_idx(), which means that there could be an
* arbitrarily large number of critical sections that execute after
* srcu_readers_unlock_idx() but use the old value of ->completed.
*/
if (srcu_readers_active_idx(sp, idx) != 0)
return false;
/*
* The remainder of this function is the validation step.
* The following smp_mb() D pairs with the smp_mb() C in
* __srcu_read_unlock(). If the __srcu_read_unlock() was seen
* by srcu_readers_active_idx() above, then any destructive
* operation performed after the grace period will happen after
* the corresponding SRCU read-side critical section.
*
* Note that there can be at most NR_CPUS worth of readers using
* the old index, which is not enough to overflow even a 32-bit
* integer. (Yes, this does mean that systems having more than
* a billion or so CPUs need to be 64-bit systems.) Therefore,
* the sum of the ->seq[] counters cannot possibly overflow.
* Therefore, the only way that the return values of the two
* calls to srcu_readers_seq_idx() can be equal is if there were
* no increments of the corresponding rank of ->seq[] counts
* in the interim. But the missed-increment scenario laid out
* above includes an increment of the ->seq[] counter by
* the corresponding __srcu_read_lock(). Therefore, if this
* scenario occurs, the return values from the two calls to
* srcu_readers_seq_idx() will differ, and thus the validation
* step below suffices.
*/
smp_mb(); /* D */
return srcu_readers_seq_idx(sp, idx) == seq;
return srcu_readers_lock_idx(sp, idx) == unlocks;
}
/**
@ -266,8 +229,12 @@ static bool srcu_readers_active(struct srcu_struct *sp)
unsigned long sum = 0;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
sum += READ_ONCE(per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[0]);
sum += READ_ONCE(per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[1]);
struct srcu_array *cpuc = per_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref, cpu);
sum += READ_ONCE(cpuc->lock_count[0]);
sum += READ_ONCE(cpuc->lock_count[1]);
sum -= READ_ONCE(cpuc->unlock_count[0]);
sum -= READ_ONCE(cpuc->unlock_count[1]);
}
return sum;
}
@ -298,9 +265,8 @@ int __srcu_read_lock(struct srcu_struct *sp)
int idx;
idx = READ_ONCE(sp->completed) & 0x1;
__this_cpu_inc(sp->per_cpu_ref->c[idx]);
__this_cpu_inc(sp->per_cpu_ref->lock_count[idx]);
smp_mb(); /* B */ /* Avoid leaking the critical section. */
__this_cpu_inc(sp->per_cpu_ref->seq[idx]);
return idx;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__srcu_read_lock);
@ -314,7 +280,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__srcu_read_lock);
void __srcu_read_unlock(struct srcu_struct *sp, int idx)
{
smp_mb(); /* C */ /* Avoid leaking the critical section. */
this_cpu_dec(sp->per_cpu_ref->c[idx]);
this_cpu_inc(sp->per_cpu_ref->unlock_count[idx]);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__srcu_read_unlock);
@ -349,7 +315,7 @@ static bool try_check_zero(struct srcu_struct *sp, int idx, int trycount)
/*
* Increment the ->completed counter so that future SRCU readers will
* use the other rank of the ->c[] and ->seq[] arrays. This allows
* use the other rank of the ->(un)lock_count[] arrays. This allows
* us to wait for pre-existing readers in a starvation-free manner.
*/
static void srcu_flip(struct srcu_struct *sp)