Commit 626a5f66da ("s390: bpf: implement jitting of JMP32") added
JMP32 code-gen support for s390. However it triggers the warning below
due to some unusual gotos in the original s390 bpf jit code.
Add a couple of additional "is_jmp32" initializations to fix this.
Also fix the wrong opcode for the "llilf" instruction that was
introduced with the same commit.
arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c: In function 'bpf_jit_insn':
arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c:248:55: warning: 'is_jmp32' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
_EMIT6(op1 | reg(b1, b2) << 16 | (rel & 0xffff), op2 | mask); \
^
arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c:1211:8: note: 'is_jmp32' was declared here
bool is_jmp32 = BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_JMP32;
Fixes: 626a5f66da ("s390: bpf: implement jitting of JMP32")
Cc: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This patch implements code-gen for new JMP32 instructions on s390.
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Pull s390 updates from Heiko Carstens:
"Since Martin is on vacation you get the s390 pull request from me:
- Host large page support for KVM guests. As the patches have large
impact on arch/s390/mm/ this series goes out via both the KVM and
the s390 tree.
- Add an option for no compression to the "Kernel compression mode"
menu, this will come in handy with the rework of the early boot
code.
- A large rework of the early boot code that will make life easier
for KASAN and KASLR. With the rework the bootable uncompressed
image is not generated anymore, only the bzImage is available. For
debuggung purposes the new "no compression" option is used.
- Re-enable the gcc plugins as the issue with the latent entropy
plugin is solved with the early boot code rework.
- More spectre relates changes:
+ Detect the etoken facility and remove expolines automatically.
+ Add expolines to a few more indirect branches.
- A rewrite of the common I/O layer trace points to make them
consumable by 'perf stat'.
- Add support for format-3 PCI function measurement blocks.
- Changes for the zcrypt driver:
+ Add attributes to indicate the load of cards and queues.
+ Restructure some code for the upcoming AP device support in KVM.
- Build flags improvements in various Makefiles.
- A few fixes for the kdump support.
- A couple of patches for gcc 8 compile warning cleanup.
- Cleanup s390 specific proc handlers.
- Add s390 support to the restartable sequence self tests.
- Some PTR_RET vs PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO cleanup.
- Lots of bug fixes"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (107 commits)
s390/dasd: fix hanging offline processing due to canceled worker
s390/dasd: fix panic for failed online processing
s390/mm: fix addressing exception after suspend/resume
rseq/selftests: add s390 support
s390: fix br_r1_trampoline for machines without exrl
s390/lib: use expoline for all bcr instructions
s390/numa: move initial setup of node_to_cpumask_map
s390/kdump: Fix elfcorehdr size calculation
s390/cpum_sf: save TOD clock base in SDBs for time conversion
KVM: s390: Add huge page enablement control
s390/mm: Add huge page gmap linking support
s390/mm: hugetlb pages within a gmap can not be freed
KVM: s390: Add skey emulation fault handling
s390/mm: Add huge pmd storage key handling
s390/mm: Clear skeys for newly mapped huge guest pmds
s390/mm: Clear huge page storage keys on enable_skey
s390/mm: Add huge page dirty sync support
s390/mm: Add gmap pmd invalidation and clearing
s390/mm: Add gmap pmd notification bit setting
s390/mm: Add gmap pmd linking
...
For machines without the exrl instruction the BFP jit generates
code that uses an "br %r1" instruction located in the lowcore page.
Unfortunately there is a cut & paste error that puts an additional
"larl %r1,.+14" instruction in the code that clobbers the branch
target address in %r1. Remove the larl instruction.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.17+
Fixes: de5cb6eb51 ("s390: use expoline thunks in the BPF JIT")
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
If we would ever fail in the bpf_jit_prog() pass that writes the
actual insns to the image after we got header via bpf_jit_binary_alloc()
then we also need to make sure to free it through bpf_jit_binary_free()
again when bailing out. Given we had prior bpf_jit_prog() passes to
initially probe for clobbered registers, program size and to fill in
addrs arrray for jump targets, this is more of a theoretical one,
but at least make sure this doesn't break with future changes.
Fixes: 0546231057 ("s390/bpf: Add s390x eBPF JIT compiler backend")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
S390 bpf_jit.S is removed in net-next and had changes in 'net',
since that code isn't used any more take the removal.
TLS data structures split the TX and RX components in 'net-next',
put the new struct members from the bug fix in 'net' into the RX
part.
The 'net-next' tree had some reworking of how the ERSPAN code works in
the GRE tunneling code, overlapping with a one-line headroom
calculation fix in 'net'.
Overlapping changes in __sock_map_ctx_update_elem(), keep the bits
that read the prog members via READ_ONCE() into local variables
before using them.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The BPF JIT need safe guarding against spectre v2 in the sk_load_xxx
assembler stubs and the indirect branches generated by the JIT itself
need to be converted to expolines.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Since LD_ABS/LD_IND instructions are now removed from the core and
reimplemented through a combination of inlined BPF instructions and
a slow-path helper, we can get rid of the complexity from s390x JIT.
Tested on s390x instance on LinuxONE.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Since we've changed div/mod exception handling for src_reg in
eBPF verifier itself, remove the leftovers from s390x JIT.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Having a pure_initcall() callback just to permanently enable BPF
JITs under CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON is unnecessary and could leave
a small race window in future where JIT is still disabled on boot.
Since we know about the setting at compilation time anyway, just
initialize it properly there. Also consolidate all the individual
bpf_jit_enable variables into a single one and move them under one
location. Moreover, don't allow for setting unspecified garbage
values on them.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Lots of overlapping changes. Also on the net-next side
the XDP state management is handled more in the generic
layers so undo the 'net' nfp fix which isn't applicable
in net-next.
Include a necessary change by Jakub Kicinski, with log message:
====================
cls_bpf no longer takes care of offload tracking. Make sure
netdevsim performs necessary checks. This fixes a warning
caused by TC trying to remove a filter it has not added.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
global bpf_jit_enable variable is tested multiple times in JITs,
blinding and verifier core. The malicious root can try to toggle
it while loading the programs. This race condition was accounted
for and there should be no issues, but it's safer to avoid
this race condition.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
The assumption of unconditionally reloading skb pointers on
BPF helper calls where bpf_helper_changes_pkt_data() holds
true is wrong. There can be different contexts where the
BPF helper would enforce a reload such as in case of XDP.
Here, we do have a struct xdp_buff instead of struct sk_buff
as context, thus this will access garbage.
JITs only ever need to deal with cached skb pointer reload
when ld_abs/ind was seen, therefore guard the reload behind
SEEN_SKB only. Tested on s390x.
Fixes: 9db7f2b818 ("s390/bpf: recache skb->data/hlen for skb_vlan_push/pop")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Pull s390 updates from Heiko Carstens:
"Since Martin is on vacation you get the s390 pull request for the
v4.15 merge window this time from me.
Besides a lot of cleanups and bug fixes these are the most important
changes:
- a new regset for runtime instrumentation registers
- hardware accelerated AES-GCM support for the aes_s390 module
- support for the new CEX6S crypto cards
- support for FORTIFY_SOURCE
- addition of missing z13 and new z14 instructions to the in-kernel
disassembler
- generate opcode tables for the in-kernel disassembler out of a
simple text file instead of having to manually maintain those
tables
- fast memset16, memset32 and memset64 implementations
- removal of named saved segment support
- hardware counter support for z14
- queued spinlocks and queued rwlocks implementations for s390
- use the stack_depth tracking feature for s390 BPF JIT
- a new s390_sthyi system call which emulates the sthyi (store
hypervisor information) instruction
- removal of the old KVM virtio transport
- an s390 specific CPU alternatives implementation which is used in
the new spinlock code"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (88 commits)
MAINTAINERS: add virtio-ccw.h to virtio/s390 section
s390/noexec: execute kexec datamover without DAT
s390: fix transactional execution control register handling
s390/bpf: take advantage of stack_depth tracking
s390: simplify transactional execution elf hwcap handling
s390/zcrypt: Rework struct ap_qact_ap_info.
s390/virtio: remove unused header file kvm_virtio.h
s390: avoid undefined behaviour
s390/disassembler: generate opcode tables from text file
s390/disassembler: remove insn_to_mnemonic()
s390/dasd: avoid calling do_gettimeofday()
s390: vfio-ccw: Do not attempt to free no-op, test and tic cda.
s390: remove named saved segment support
s390/archrandom: Reconsider s390 arch random implementation
s390/pci: do not require AIS facility
s390/qdio: sanitize put_indicator
s390/qdio: use atomic_cmpxchg
s390/nmi: avoid using long-displacement facility
s390: pass endianness info to sparse
s390/decompressor: remove informational messages
...
Make use of the "stack_depth" tracking feature introduced with
commit 8726679a0f ("bpf: teach verifier to track stack depth") for the
s390 JIT, so that stack usage can be reduced.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This work implements jiting of BPF_J{LT,LE,SLT,SLE} instructions
with BPF_X/BPF_K variants for the s390x eBPF JIT.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
While testing some other work that required JIT modifications, I
run into test_bpf causing a hang when JIT enabled on s390. The
problematic test case was the one from ddc665a4bb (bpf, arm64:
fix jit branch offset related to ldimm64), and turns out that we
do have a similar issue on s390 as well. In bpf_jit_prog() we
update next instruction address after returning from bpf_jit_insn()
with an insn_count. bpf_jit_insn() returns either -1 in case of
error (e.g. unsupported insn), 1 or 2. The latter is only the
case for ldimm64 due to spanning 2 insns, however, next address
is only set to i + 1 not taking actual insn_count into account,
thus fix is to use insn_count instead of 1. bpf_jit_enable in
mode 2 provides also disasm on s390:
Before fix:
000003ff800349b6: a7f40003 brc 15,3ff800349bc ; target
000003ff800349ba: 0000 unknown
000003ff800349bc: e3b0f0700024 stg %r11,112(%r15)
000003ff800349c2: e3e0f0880024 stg %r14,136(%r15)
000003ff800349c8: 0db0 basr %r11,%r0
000003ff800349ca: c0ef00000000 llilf %r14,0
000003ff800349d0: e320b0360004 lg %r2,54(%r11)
000003ff800349d6: e330b03e0004 lg %r3,62(%r11)
000003ff800349dc: ec23ffeda065 clgrj %r2,%r3,10,3ff800349b6 ; jmp
000003ff800349e2: e3e0b0460004 lg %r14,70(%r11)
000003ff800349e8: e3e0b04e0004 lg %r14,78(%r11)
000003ff800349ee: b904002e lgr %r2,%r14
000003ff800349f2: e3b0f0700004 lg %r11,112(%r15)
000003ff800349f8: e3e0f0880004 lg %r14,136(%r15)
000003ff800349fe: 07fe bcr 15,%r14
After fix:
000003ff80ef3db4: a7f40003 brc 15,3ff80ef3dba
000003ff80ef3db8: 0000 unknown
000003ff80ef3dba: e3b0f0700024 stg %r11,112(%r15)
000003ff80ef3dc0: e3e0f0880024 stg %r14,136(%r15)
000003ff80ef3dc6: 0db0 basr %r11,%r0
000003ff80ef3dc8: c0ef00000000 llilf %r14,0
000003ff80ef3dce: e320b0360004 lg %r2,54(%r11)
000003ff80ef3dd4: e330b03e0004 lg %r3,62(%r11)
000003ff80ef3dda: ec230006a065 clgrj %r2,%r3,10,3ff80ef3de6 ; jmp
000003ff80ef3de0: e3e0b0460004 lg %r14,70(%r11)
000003ff80ef3de6: e3e0b04e0004 lg %r14,78(%r11) ; target
000003ff80ef3dec: b904002e lgr %r2,%r14
000003ff80ef3df0: e3b0f0700004 lg %r11,112(%r15)
000003ff80ef3df6: e3e0f0880004 lg %r14,136(%r15)
000003ff80ef3dfc: 07fe bcr 15,%r14
test_bpf.ko suite runs fine after the fix.
Fixes: 0546231057 ("s390/bpf: Add s390x eBPF JIT compiler backend")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Tested-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add jited_len to struct bpf_prog. It will be
useful for the struct bpf_prog_info which will
be added in the later patch.
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
free up BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL | BPF_X opcode to be used by actual
indirect call by register and use kernel internal opcode to
mark call instruction into bpf_tail_call() helper.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
set_memory_* functions have moved to set_memory.h. Switch to this
explicitly
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1488920133-27229-5-git-send-email-labbott@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:
- New entropy generation for the pseudo random number generator.
- Early boot printk output via sclp to help debug crashes on boot. This
needs to be enabled with a kernel parameter.
- Add proper no-execute support with a bit in the page table entry.
- Bug fixes and cleanups.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (65 commits)
s390/syscall: fix single stepped system calls
s390/zcrypt: make ap_bus explicitly non-modular
s390/zcrypt: Removed unneeded debug feature directory creation.
s390: add missing "do {} while (0)" loop constructs to multiline macros
s390/mm: add cond_resched call to kernel page table dumper
s390: get rid of MACHINE_HAS_PFMF and MACHINE_HAS_HPAGE
s390/mm: make memory_block_size_bytes available for !MEMORY_HOTPLUG
s390: replace ACCESS_ONCE with READ_ONCE
s390: Audit and remove any remaining unnecessary uses of module.h
s390: mm: Audit and remove any unnecessary uses of module.h
s390: kernel: Audit and remove any unnecessary uses of module.h
s390/kdump: Use "LINUX" ELF note name instead of "CORE"
s390: add no-execute support
s390: report new vector facilities
s390: use correct input data address for setup_randomness
s390/sclp: get rid of common response code handling
s390/sclp: don't add new lines to each printed string
s390/sclp: make early sclp code readable
s390/sclp: disable early sclp code as soon as the base sclp driver is active
s390/sclp: move early printk code to drivers
...
Eric and Willem reported that they recently saw random crashes when
JIT was in use and bisected this to 74451e66d5 ("bpf: make jited
programs visible in traces"). Issue was that the consolidation part
added bpf_jit_binary_unlock_ro() that would unlock previously made
read-only memory back to read-write. However, DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX
cannot be used for this to test for presence of set_memory_*()
functions. We need to use ARCH_HAS_SET_MEMORY instead to fix this;
also add the corresponding bpf_jit_binary_lock_ro() to filter.h.
Fixes: 74451e66d5 ("bpf: make jited programs visible in traces")
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Bisected-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Tested-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Long standing issue with JITed programs is that stack traces from
function tracing check whether a given address is kernel code
through {__,}kernel_text_address(), which checks for code in core
kernel, modules and dynamically allocated ftrace trampolines. But
what is still missing is BPF JITed programs (interpreted programs
are not an issue as __bpf_prog_run() will be attributed to them),
thus when a stack trace is triggered, the code walking the stack
won't see any of the JITed ones. The same for address correlation
done from user space via reading /proc/kallsyms. This is read by
tools like perf, but the latter is also useful for permanent live
tracing with eBPF itself in combination with stack maps when other
eBPF types are part of the callchain. See offwaketime example on
dumping stack from a map.
This work tries to tackle that issue by making the addresses and
symbols known to the kernel. The lookup from *kernel_text_address()
is implemented through a latched RB tree that can be read under
RCU in fast-path that is also shared for symbol/size/offset lookup
for a specific given address in kallsyms. The slow-path iteration
through all symbols in the seq file done via RCU list, which holds
a tiny fraction of all exported ksyms, usually below 0.1 percent.
Function symbols are exported as bpf_prog_<tag>, in order to aide
debugging and attribution. This facility is currently enabled for
root-only when bpf_jit_kallsyms is set to 1, and disabled if hardening
is active in any mode. The rationale behind this is that still a lot
of systems ship with world read permissions on kallsyms thus addresses
should not get suddenly exposed for them. If that situation gets
much better in future, we always have the option to change the
default on this. Likewise, unprivileged programs are not allowed
to add entries there either, but that is less of a concern as most
such programs types relevant in this context are for root-only anyway.
If enabled, call graphs and stack traces will then show a correct
attribution; one example is illustrated below, where the trace is
now visible in tooling such as perf script --kallsyms=/proc/kallsyms
and friends.
Before:
7fff8166889d bpf_clone_redirect+0x80007f0020ed (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
f5d80 __sendmsg_nocancel+0xffff006451f1a007 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.18.so)
After:
7fff816688b7 bpf_clone_redirect+0x80007f002107 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fffa0575728 bpf_prog_33c45a467c9e061a+0x8000600020fb (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fffa07ef1fc cls_bpf_classify+0x8000600020dc (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff81678b68 tc_classify+0x80007f002078 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8164d40b __netif_receive_skb_core+0x80007f0025fb (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8164d718 __netif_receive_skb+0x80007f002018 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8164e565 process_backlog+0x80007f002095 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8164dc71 net_rx_action+0x80007f002231 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff81767461 __softirqentry_text_start+0x80007f0020d1 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff817658ac do_softirq_own_stack+0x80007f00201c (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff810a2c20 do_softirq+0x80007f002050 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff810a2cb5 __local_bh_enable_ip+0x80007f002085 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8168d452 ip_finish_output2+0x80007f002152 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8168ea3d ip_finish_output+0x80007f00217d (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8168f2af ip_output+0x80007f00203f (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
[...]
7fff81005854 do_syscall_64+0x80007f002054 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff817649eb return_from_SYSCALL_64+0x80007f002000 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
f5d80 __sendmsg_nocancel+0xffff01c484812007 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.18.so)
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Remove the dummy bpf_jit_compile() stubs for eBPF JITs and make
that a single __weak function in the core that can be overridden
similarly to the eBPF one. Also remove stale pr_err() mentions
of bpf_jit_compile.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
After we already allocated the jit.prg_buf image via
bpf_jit_binary_alloc() and filled it out with instructions,
jit.prg_buf cannot be NULL anymore. Thus, remove the
unnecessary check. Tested on s390x with test_bpf module.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This patch allows XDP prog to extend/remove the packet
data at the head (like adding or removing header). It is
done by adding a new XDP helper bpf_xdp_adjust_head().
It also renames bpf_helper_changes_skb_data() to
bpf_helper_changes_pkt_data() to better reflect
that XDP prog does not work on skb.
This patch adds one "xdp_adjust_head" bit to bpf_prog for the
XDP-capable driver to check if the XDP prog requires
bpf_xdp_adjust_head() support. The driver can then decide
to error out during XDP_SETUP_PROG.
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.r.fastabend@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
In case of usage of skb_vlan_push/pop, in the prologue we store
the SKB pointer on the stack and restore it after BPF_JMP_CALL
to skb_vlan_push/pop.
Unfortunately currently there are two bugs in the code:
1) The wrong stack slot (offset 170 instead of 176) is used
2) The wrong register (W1 instead of B1) is saved
So fix this and use correct stack slot and register.
Fixes: 9db7f2b818 ("s390/bpf: recache skb->data/hlen for skb_vlan_push/pop")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.3+
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The s390 BFP compiler currently uses relative branch instructions
that only support jumps up to 64 KB. Examples are "j", "jnz", "cgrj",
etc. Currently the maximum size of s390 BPF programs is set
to 0x7ffff. If branches over 64 KB are generated the, kernel can
crash due to incorrect code.
So fix this an reduce the maximum size to 64 KB. Programs larger than
that will be interpreted.
Fixes: ce2b6ad9c1 ("s390/bpf: increase BPF_SIZE_MAX")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.3+
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This patch adds recently added constant blinding helpers into the
s390 eBPF JIT. In the bpf_int_jit_compile() path, requirements are
to utilize bpf_jit_blind_constants()/bpf_jit_prog_release_other()
pair for rewriting the program into a blinded one, and to map the
BPF_REG_AX register to a CPU register. The mapping of BPF_REG_AX
is at r12 and similarly like in x86 case performs reloading when
ld_abs/ind is used. When blinding is not used, there's no additional
overhead in the generated image.
When BPF_REG_AX is used, we don't need to emit skb->data reload when
helper function changed skb->data, as this will be reloaded later
on anyway from stack on ld_abs/ind, where skb->data is needed. s390
allows for this w/o much additional complexity unlike f.e. x86.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Since the blinding is strictly only called from inside eBPF JITs,
we need to change signatures for bpf_int_jit_compile() and
bpf_prog_select_runtime() first in order to prepare that the
eBPF program we're dealing with can change underneath. Hence,
for call sites, we need to return the latest prog. No functional
change in this patch.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Back in the days where eBPF (or back then "internal BPF" ;->) was not
exposed to user space, and only the classic BPF programs internally
translated into eBPF programs, we missed the fact that for classic BPF
A and X needed to be cleared. It was fixed back then via 83d5b7ef99
("net: filter: initialize A and X registers"), and thus classic BPF
specifics were added to the eBPF interpreter core to work around it.
This added some confusion for JIT developers later on that take the
eBPF interpreter code as an example for deriving their JIT. F.e. in
f75298f5c3 ("s390/bpf: clear correct BPF accumulator register"), at
least X could leak stack memory. Furthermore, since this is only needed
for classic BPF translations and not for eBPF (verifier takes care
that read access to regs cannot be done uninitialized), more complexity
is added to JITs as they need to determine whether they deal with
migrations or native eBPF where they can just omit clearing A/X in
their prologue and thus reduce image size a bit, see f.e. cde66c2d88
("s390/bpf: Only clear A and X for converted BPF programs"). In other
cases (x86, arm64), A and X is being cleared in the prologue also for
eBPF case, which is unnecessary.
Lets move this into the BPF migration in bpf_convert_filter() where it
actually belongs as long as the number of eBPF JITs are still few. It
can thus be done generically; allowing us to remove the quirk from
__bpf_prog_run() and to slightly reduce JIT image size in case of eBPF,
while reducing code duplication on this matter in current(/future) eBPF
JITs.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Zi Shen Lim <zlim.lnx@gmail.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Zi Shen Lim <zlim.lnx@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
As we need to add further flags to the bpf_prog structure, lets migrate
both bools to a bitfield representation. The size of the base structure
(excluding insns) remains unchanged at 40 bytes.
Add also tags for the kmemchecker, so that it doesn't throw false
positives. Even in case gcc would generate suboptimal code, it's not
being accessed in performance critical paths.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
There is a build error that "'struct bpf_array' has no member
named 'prog'" on s390. In commit 2a36f0b92e ("bpf: Make the
bpf_prog_array_map more generic"), the member 'prog' of struct
bpf_array is replaced by 'ptrs'. So this patch fixes it.
Fixes: 2a36f0b92e ("bpf: Make the bpf_prog_array_map more generic")
Reported-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kaixu Xia <xiakaixu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
During recent discussions we had with Michael, we found that it would
be useful to have an indicator that tells the JIT that an eBPF program
had been migrated from classic instructions into eBPF instructions, as
only in that case A and X need to be cleared in the prologue. Such eBPF
programs do not set a particular type, but all have BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC.
Thus, introduce a small helper for cde66c2d88 ("s390/bpf: Only clear
A and X for converted BPF programs") and possibly others in future.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Allow eBPF programs attached to TC qdiscs call skb_vlan_push/pop
via helper functions. These functions may change skb->data/hlen.
This data is cached by s390 JIT to improve performance of ld_abs/ld_ind
instructions. Therefore after a change we have to reload the data.
In case of usage of skb_vlan_push/pop, in the prologue we store
the SKB pointer on the stack and restore it after BPF_JMP_CALL
to skb_vlan_push/pop.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Only classic BPF programs that have been converted to eBPF need to clear
the A and X registers. We can check for converted programs with:
bpf_prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC
So add the check and skip initialization for real eBPF programs.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently we have the restriction that jitted BPF programs can
have a maximum size of one page. The reason is that we use short
displacements for the literal pool.
The 20 bit displacements are available since z990 and BPF requires
z196 as minimum. Therefore we can remove this restriction and use
everywhere 20 bit signed long displacements.
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The EMIT6_DISP_LH macro passes the "disp" parameter to the _EMIT6_DISP_LH
macro. The _EMIT6_DISP_LH macro uses the "disp" parameter twice:
unsigned int __disp_h = ((u32)disp) & 0xff000;
unsigned int __disp_l = ((u32)disp) & 0x00fff;
The EMIT6_DISP_LH is used several times with EMIT_CONST_U64() as "disp"
parameter. Therefore always two constants are created per usage of
EMIT6_DISP_LH.
Fix this and add variable "_disp" to avoid multiple expansions.
* v2: Move "_disp" to _EMIT6_DISP_LH as suggested by Joe Perches
Fixes: 0546231057 ("s390/bpf: Add s390x eBPF JIT compiler backend")
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently we assumed the following BPF to eBPF register mapping:
- BPF_REG_A -> BPF_REG_7
- BPF_REG_X -> BPF_REG_8
Unfortunately this mapping is wrong. The correct mapping is:
- BPF_REG_A -> BPF_REG_0
- BPF_REG_X -> BPF_REG_7
So clear the correct registers and use the BPF_REG_A and BPF_REG_X
macros instead of BPF_REG_0/7.
Fixes: 0546231057 ("s390/bpf: Add s390x eBPF JIT compiler backend")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.0+
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Allow eBPF programs attached to TC qdiscs call skb_vlan_push/pop via
helper functions. These functions may change skb->data/hlen which are
cached by some JITs to improve performance of ld_abs/ld_ind instructions.
Therefore JITs need to recognize bpf_skb_vlan_push/pop() calls,
re-compute header len and re-cache skb->data/hlen back into cpu registers.
Note, skb->data/hlen are not directly accessible from the programs,
so any changes to skb->data done either by these helpers or by other
TC actions are safe.
eBPF JIT supported by three architectures:
- arm64 JIT is using bpf_load_pointer() without caching, so it's ok as-is.
- x64 JIT re-caches skb->data/hlen unconditionally after vlan_push/pop calls
(experiments showed that conditional re-caching is slower).
- s390 JIT falls back to interpreter for now when bpf_skb_vlan_push() is present
in the program (re-caching is tbd).
These helpers allow more scalable handling of vlan from the programs.
Instead of creating thousands of vlan netdevs on top of eth0 and attaching
TC+ingress+bpf to all of them, the program can be attached to eth0 directly
and manipulate vlans as necessary.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently all backward jumps crash for JITed s390x eBPF programs
with an illegal instruction program check and kernel panic. Because
for negative values the opcode of the jump instruction is overriden
by the negative branch offset an illegal instruction is generated
by the JIT:
000003ff802da378: c01100000002 lgfi %r1,2
000003ff802da37e: fffffff52065 unknown <-- illegal instruction
000003ff802da384: b904002e lgr %r2,%r14
So fix this and mask the offset in order not to damage the opcode.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.0+
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
bpf_tail_call() arguments:
- ctx......: Context pointer
- jmp_table: One of BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY maps used as the jump table
- index....: Index in the jump table
In this implementation s390x JIT does stack unwinding and jumps into the
callee program prologue. Caller and callee use the same stack.
With this patch a tail call generates the following code on s390x:
if (index >= array->map.max_entries)
goto out
000003ff8001c7e4: e31030100016 llgf %r1,16(%r3)
000003ff8001c7ea: ec41001fa065 clgrj %r4,%r1,10,3ff8001c828
if (tail_call_cnt++ > MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT)
goto out;
000003ff8001c7f0: a7080001 lhi %r0,1
000003ff8001c7f4: eb10f25000fa laal %r1,%r0,592(%r15)
000003ff8001c7fa: ec120017207f clij %r1,32,2,3ff8001c828
prog = array->prog[index];
if (prog == NULL)
goto out;
000003ff8001c800: eb140003000d sllg %r1,%r4,3
000003ff8001c806: e31310800004 lg %r1,128(%r3,%r1)
000003ff8001c80c: ec18000e007d clgij %r1,0,8,3ff8001c828
Restore registers before calling function
000003ff8001c812: eb68f2980004 lmg %r6,%r8,664(%r15)
000003ff8001c818: ebbff2c00004 lmg %r11,%r15,704(%r15)
goto *(prog->bpf_func + tail_call_start);
000003ff8001c81e: e31100200004 lg %r1,32(%r1,%r0)
000003ff8001c824: 47f01006 bc 15,6(%r1)
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently the bpf frame pointer is set to the old r15. This is
wrong because of packed stack. Fix this and adjust the frame pointer
to respect packed stack. This now generates a prolog like the following:
3ff8001c3fa: eb67f0480024 stmg %r6,%r7,72(%r15)
3ff8001c400: ebcff0780024 stmg %r12,%r15,120(%r15)
3ff8001c406: b904001f lgr %r1,%r15 <- load backchain
3ff8001c40a: 41d0f048 la %r13,72(%r15) <- load adjusted bfp
3ff8001c40e: a7fbfd98 aghi %r15,-616
3ff8001c412: e310f0980024 stg %r1,152(%r15) <- save backchain
Fixes: 0546231057 ("s390/bpf: Add s390x eBPF JIT compiler backend")
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When compiling the kernel for GCOV (CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL,-fprofile-arcs),
gcc allocates a lot of stack space because of the large switch statement
in bpf_jit_insn().
This leads to the following compile warning:
arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c: In function 'bpf_jit_prog':
arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c:1144:1: warning: frame size of
function 'bpf_jit_prog' is 12592 bytes which is more than
half the stack size. The dynamic check would not be reliable.
No check emitted for this function.
arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c:1144:1: warning: the frame size of 12504
bytes is larger than 1024 bytes [-Wframe-larger-than=]
And indead gcc allocates 12592 bytes of stack space:
# objdump -d arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.o
...
0000000000000c60 <bpf_jit_prog>:
c60: eb 6f f0 48 00 24 stmg %r6,%r15,72(%r15)
c66: b9 04 00 ef lgr %r14,%r15
c6a: e3 f0 fe d0 fc 71 lay %r15,-12592(%r15)
As a workaround of that problem we now define bpf_jit_insn() as
noinline which then reduces the stack space.
# objdump -d arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.o
...
0000000000000070 <bpf_jit_insn>:
70: eb 6f f0 48 00 24 stmg %r6,%r15,72(%r15)
76: c0 d0 00 00 00 00 larl %r13,76 <bpf_jit_insn+0x6>
7c: a7 f1 3f 80 tmll %r15,16256
80: b9 04 00 ef lgr %r14,%r15
84: e3 f0 ff a0 ff 71 lay %r15,-96(%r15)
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The s390x ALU64_DIV/MOD has been implemented according to the eBPF
interpreter specification that used do_div(). This function does a 64-bit
by 32-bit divide. It turned out that this was wrong and now the interpreter
uses div64_u64_rem() for full 64-bit division.
So fix this and use full 64-bit division in the s390x eBPF backend code.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Replace 32 bit BPF JIT backend with new 64 bit eBPF backend.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Currently the signed COMPARE HALFWORD IMMEDIATE (chi) and COMPARE (c)
instructions are used to compare "A" with "K". This is not correct
because "A" and "K" are both unsigned. To fix this remove the
chi instruction (no unsigned analogon available) and use the
unsigned COMPARE LOGICAL (cl) instruction instead of COMPARE (c).
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Currently the signed COMPARE (cr) instruction is used to compare "A"
with "X". This is not correct because "A" and "X" are both unsigned.
To fix this use the unsigned COMPARE LOGICAL (clr) instruction instead.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Heiko Carstens